Name: Muhammad Awaluddin NRP: 03211640000011 Lab. Assistant: Teuku Rafiandra Lecturer: Alia Damayanti ST., MT., PH.D

DESINFECTANT ANALYSIS OR ACTIVATED CHLOR (RESIDUE)
WITH IODOMETRY METHOD, BREAK POINT CHLORINATION

(BPC) ANALYSIS
Name : Muhammad Awaluddin

NRP : 03211640000011
Lab. Assistant : Teuku Rafiandra
Lecturer :
Alia Damayanti ST., MT., Ph.D
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING ENVIRONMENT AND
GEOGRAPHY
SEPULUH NOPEMBER INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
2017
A. Purpose of This Experiments

1. To determine amount of activated chlor that needed by the samples for desinfection
process
2. To determine amount of caporit in the water
B. Principle of This Expriments
The principle of desinfectant analysis experiment is to determine amount of activated

chlor in the sample using iodometric method, by adding glacial acetic, KI as an oxidator
of activated chlor, amylum and natrium thiosulphate as an oxidator of KI (to know
amount of KI that react). This reaction go through this equation
2ClO2 + 2I 2ClO2 + I2
I3- + 2S2O32- 3I- + S4O62-
The principle of BPC experiment is to determine amount of chlor (BPC) as

desinfectan that needed in the water until all of the substance can be oxidized, ammonia
will lost as N gas, there is still exist an activated chlor that dissolved and the
consentration is necessary for eradicate the germs.
C. Literature Review
Managing chlorate could become a challenge for water systems if the US

Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) establishes a maximum contaminant level
(MCL) for this compound. Chlorate occurs in drinking water as a result of chlorine
products used in treatment. Common sources of chlorate are the degradation of
hypochlorite solutions, the on-site generation of hypochlorite, and the production and
degradation of chlorine dioxide. Chlorate has been on the regulatory radar screen since
the early 1990s, when it was part of the negotiated rulemaking for the proposed Stage 1
Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts (D/DBP) Rule (USEPA, 1994). Chlorate was
not included in the final Stage 1 D/DBP Rule because the health effects data at that time
were inadequate to establish a maximum contaminant level goal (MCLG) (USEPA,
1998). However, chlorate was discussed in those negotiations, and it is currently being
discussed again for potential regulation.
(Alfredo, etc., 2015)
Disinfection removal of microorganisms in the vegetative form, irrespective of their

pathogenic character, from inanimate goods and surfaces; with possible removal of
sporulated bacteria. The disinfection could be classified into three categories: (1) high
level disinfection (should include the elimination of vegetative bacteria, tuberculosis
bacilli, fungi, viruses and some bacterial spores, being indicated for semi-critical items);
(2) disinfection of middle or intermediate level (indicated for non-critical goods and
surfaces, it involves the elimination of the majority of fungi, all vegetative bacterial cells
and tuberculosis bacilli; however, it is not expected an action on bacterial spores), (3)
low level disinfection (indicated for goods that will be in contact only with whole skin or
for disinfection of surfaces, there is no action on the tuberculosis spores or bacilli,
relative activity on fungi, able to eliminate bacteria in vegetative form)
(Mazola, P. G., etc, 2011)
Chlorination is widely practiced as a disinfection process formicrobial control in

water and wastewater treatment plants.Several reports have described problems in water
andwastewater chlorination; for example, when poor disinfectionwas observed while
sufficient disinfectant was present.Interference by organic nitrogen was suspected in
these cases.
(Amiri, F., etc, 2010)
Disinfectants are specifically designed to kill bacteria, viruses, and mildews that are
found on kitchen and bathroom fixtures, and flourish on counters and drain gates in sinks
(Franklin, 1998). Using disinfectants is important in households, because they prevent
the spread of bacteria and the contraction of food borne illnesses. These disinfectants
must be used properly or they can end up affecting the person doing the cleaning more
than the bacteria being disinfected. When disinfectants are used, they need to be used as
directed in order for them to be effective. Rubber gloves must be worn to protect hands,
the room needs to be well ventilated to protect the lungs, and if there is thick amount of
grime, it must be scrubbed first and then sprayed with disinfectant.
(Layton, B., M., 2012)
The addition of active chlorine compounds to clean water to kill bactreological

organisms, especially pathogenic organisms that can cause disease and death in humans.
Affixing the disinfectant to the water that has filtered before the water is collected and
distributed to the consumer.
(Margaretha., etc, 2012)
D. Schematic Diagram
Desinfectant Analysis Experiment:

25 mL PDAM water
Pour it into different erlenmeyer flask
2,5 mL glacial acetic

3 drops of Amylum Indicator
Add it into each erlenmeyer flask
1 gr of KI crystals
Result
Concentration caporite analysis:

1 mL caporite solution
Pour it into erlenmeyer flask
24 ml distilled water
Add it into erlenmeyer flask
1 gr of KI crystals

Natrium Thiosulphate solution
Titration until colorless and count the concentration
Result
BPC Experiment:
25 mL water samples
Dillution with distilled water until 1000 ml and Pour it
into 10 different erlenmeyer flask each 25 ml sample
Caporit
Pour with different volume

(0.3;0.5;0.7;0.9;1.1;1.3;1.5;1.7;1.9;2.1 ml) into each
erlenmeyer. Shake well. Put it into dark place for 30
minutes.
1 gr of KI crystals

0,0125 N Natrium Thiosulphate

Tirtrate each sample with Natrium Thiosulphate, until the
samples colour change become colorless. Count the
concentration.
Result
E. Table of Observation
Desinfectan Analysis
No Treatments Observation Picture

1. Pour 25 mL of water sample by using Water sample : clear, odorless,
measurement pipette and propipette and diluted, normal temperature.
then pour it into Erlenmeyer flask
5.1. Pouring 25ml of

sample
2. Pour 2,5 mL of glacial acetic acid into Glacial acetic : strong odor,
erlenmayer flask using measurement colorless, normal temperature,
pipette and propipette diluted.
After adding glacial acetic:

Strong odor, colorless, normal
temperature
5.2. Pouring 2,5 mL of

glacial acetic
3. Add 1 gr of KI using spatula into KI : white fine powder,

erlenmayer flask odorless, normal temperature.
After adding KI the sample

become little turbid
5.3. Adding 1 gr of KI
into erlenmayer flask
4. Add three drops of amylum indicator into Amylum indicator : clear and
erlenmayer flask using drop pipette colorless.
After adding amylum:

Colorless, odorless, normal
temperature.
5.4. Adding three

drops of amylum
indicator
Concentration Caporite Analysis

No Treatments Observation Picture
1. After that take 1 mL of caporite solution Caporite solution : colorless,

and dilluted with dillution water until 25 odorless, normal temperature.
ml by using measuring pipette and
propipette, then pour it into erlenmeyer Dillution water : colorless,
flask. odorless, diluted, and normal
temperature
5.5. Pouring 25ml of

sample
2. Pour 2,5 mL of glacial acetic acid into Glacial acetic : strong odor,
After adding it the

characteristic of the sample are
not change physically
5.6. Pouring 2,5 mL of

glacial acetic
3. Add 1 gr of KI using spatula into KI : white fine powder,

erlenmayer flask odorless, normal temperature.
After adding KI, the

characteristic of the sample
become little turbid and yellow
colored
5.7. Adding 1 gr of KI
into erlenmayer flask
4. Add three drops of amylum indicator into Amylum indicator : clear and
erlenmayer flask using drop pipette colorless.
After adding amylum, the

characteristic of sample
become black, dilute, odorless,
normal temperature
5.8. Adding three

drops of amylum
indicator
6 Titrate each sample with Natrium Natrium Thiosulphate : Clear
Thiosulphate 0,0125 by using and Colorless
measurement pipette and propipette until
the colour of the sample become clear and
colorless After Tirtration the sample
become clear, normal
temperature ,and colorless.
5.9. Titrate the sample
The volume of tirtrate is 2.5 ml with natrium
thiosulphate
5.10. The samples

become colorless
BPC Experiment :
No
Treatments Observation Picture
.
1. Pour 25 mL water sample and dilluted with Water sample : greenish,

distilled water until 1000 ml and Pour it odorless, normal temperature.
into 10 different erlenmeyer flask each 25
ml sample with measurement pipette and
propipette
5.11. Pouring 25mL of

water sample
2. Pour caporit with different volume Caporit (OCL) : colorless,

(0.3;0.5;0.7;0.9;1.1;1.3;1.5;1.7;1.9;2.1ml) normal temperature, stingy
into each erlenmeyer using measurement smell, liquid.
pipette and propipette, Shake well. Put it Aquadest: odorless, clear,
into dark place for 30 minutes. normal temperature, diluted.
After adding caporit sample

become colorless, stingy smell,
normal temperature.
5.12. Pouring caporit
3. Pour 2,5 mL of glacial acetic acid into each Glacial acetic : strong odor,
After adding glacial acetic

there is no physical change.
5.13. Pouring 2,5mL

of glacial acetic acid
4. Add 1 gr of KI into each erlenmayer flask KI : White fine powder,

using spatula odorless, normal temperature.
After adding KI sample

become orange coloured,
stingy smell, and normal
temperature.
5.14. Adding 1gr of

KI into erlenmayer
flask
5.15. The sample

become yellow
5. Add 3 drops of amylum indicator into each Amylum Indicator : Clear and
sample by using drop pipette Colorless
After adding Amylum sample

become dark brown coloured,
strong odor, and normal
temperature. 5.16. The sample
become dark brown
because of amylum
indicator
6 Titrate each sample with Natrium Natrium Thiosulphate : Clear
Thiosulphate 0,0125 by using and Colorless
measurement pipette and propipette until
After Tirtration the sample
the colour of the sample become clear and
colorless become clear, normal
temperature ,and colorless.
The volume of tirtrate are: 5.17. Titrate the

(some of them we get it from sample with natrium
thiosulphate
other team)
0.3 mL = 0.8 mL
0.5 mL = 0.95 mL
0.7 mL = 1.5 mL
0.9 mL = 2.1 mL
1.1 mL = 2.4 mL
5.18.The samples
1.3 mL = 2.95 mL become colorless
1.5 mL = 3.6 mL
1.7 mL = 3.85 mL
1.9 mL = 4.3 mL
2.1 mL = 5.1 mL
2.3 mL = 5.4 mL
2.5 mL = 6 mL
2.7 mL = 6.4 mL
2.9 mL = 6.85 mL
3.1 mL = 7.51 mL
3.3 mL = 7.9 mL
3.5 mL = 8 mL
3.7 mL = 8.65 mL
3.9 mL = 8.7 mL
4.1 mL = 9.3 mL
F. Discussion
The experiment was held on Water Purification Laboratorium of Environmental

Engineering ITS on November 27th 2016 at 3.00-5.00 P.M. this experiment consist of 3
analysis that are Desinfectan Analysis, Concentration Caporite Analysis and Breakpoint
Chlorination Analysis.
Desinfectan Analysis :
The tittle of this experiment is Desinfectant Analysis or Activated Chlor (Residue) with
Iodometry Method. The purpose of this experiment is to determine amount of activated
chlor that needed by sample for desinfection process. The principle of this experiment is to
determine amount of activated chlor in the sample using iodometric method, by adding
glacial acetic, KI as an oxidator of activated chlor, amylum and natrium thiosulphate as an
oxidator of KI (to know amount of KI that react). This reaction go through this equation
2ClO2 + 2I 2ClO2 + I2
I3- + 2S2O32- 3I- + S4O62-
The tools that will be used in the Desinfectan analysis experiment are Erlenmeyer flask,
measurement ipette, propipette, droplette pipette, and Metal Spatula. While, materials that
will be used in this experiments are 3 water sample that taken form environmental
engineering ITS tap water with entrance gate 716'46.60"S 11247'33.72"E, Glacial Acetic
Acid, KI, and Amylum Indicator.
The first step of this experiment is to prepare all of the tools and materials that will be
used in this experiment. After that take 25 mL of the sample by using measuring pipette and
propipette, then pour it into erlenmeyer flask. The sample was taken from tap water of
environmental engineering ITS. The characterististic of the environmental engineering tap
water is colorless, odorless, diluted, and normal temperature.
The next step is adding 2,5 mL of glacial acetic acid solution into each erlenmeyer flask
by using measuring pipette and propipette. The characteristic of glacial acetic acid are
clear,diluted, strong odor, and colorless, after adding it the characteristic of the sample are not
change physically. The purpose of adding Glacial Acetic Acid are to give acid condition.
And then add take 1 gr of KI by using beaker glass, analytical balance, metal spatula. The
characteristic of KI are white fine powdered, odorless and normal temperature. After adding
KI, the characteristic of the sample become little turbid and white colored. The purpose of
adding KI is to detect the presence of chlorine residue, by react with it. The reaction go
through this equation :
2ClO2 + 2I 2ClO2 + I2
The next step is add 3 drops of amylum indicator into each sample, by using droplette
pipette. The characteristic of amylum indicator are clear and colorless. After adding amylum
the characteristic of sample is clear, odorless, colorless, normal temperature the characteristic
of adding amylum indcator is as indicator of tirtration, so we know the end point of tirtration.
Because the sample become colorless, its mean that tap water of environmental engineering
may doesnt contain residual chlorine, so we shouldnt titrate it wiht natrium thiosulphate.
The residual chlorine is 0 mg/L it can happen because the chlorine already evaporate in
reservoir or the residual chlorine already disappear in distribution process.
Concentration Caporite Analysis :
The tittle of this experiment is Concentration Caporite Analysis. The purpose of this
experiment is to determine the concentration of caporite that use in BPC analysis. The
principle of this experiment is determine the concentration of caporite using iodometric
method, by adding glacial acetic, KI as an oxidator of activated chlor, amylum and natrium
thiosulphate as an oxidator of KI (to know amount of KI that react). This reaction go through
this equation
2ClO2 + 2I 2ClO2 + I2
I3- + 2S2O32- 3I- + S4O62-
The tools that will be used in the concentration caporite analysis experiment are
Erlenmeyer flask, measurement ipette, propipette, droplette pipette, and Metal Spatula.
While, materials that will be used in this experiments are Caporite Solution, Dillution Water,
Glacial Acetic Acid, KI, and Amylum Indicator.
used in this experiment. After that take 1 mL of caporite solution and diluted with dillution
water until 25 ml by using measuring pipette and propipette, then pour it into erlenmeyer
flask. The characteristic of caporite solution is diluted, colorless, odorless and normal
temperature. The characterististic of dillution water is colorless, odorless, diluted, and normal
temperature. The purpose of diluting sample to reduce the concentration of caporite solution
so the solution is not too concentrated.
The next step is adding 2,5 mL of glacial acetic acid solution into each erlenmeyer flask
by using measuring pipette and propipette. The characteristic of glacial acetic acid are
And then add take 1 gr of KI by using beaker glass, analytical balance, metal spatula. The
characteristic of KI are white fine powdered, odorless and normal temperature. After adding
KI, the characteristic of the sample become little turbid and yellow colored. The purpose of
adding KI is to detect the presence of chlorine residue, by react with it. The reaction go
through this equation :
2ClO2 + 2I 2ClO2 + I2
pipette. The characteristic of amylum indicator are dilute,colorless and normal temperature.
After adding amylum the characteristic of sample become black, dilute, odorless, normal
temperature. The purpose of adding amylum indcator is as indicator of tirtration, so we know
the end point of tirtration.
After that tirtrate sample by using 0,0125 N Natrium Thiosulphate, by using

measurement pipette and propipette, until the colour of the sample change into clear and
colorless. The characteristic of natrium thiosulphate are clear and colorless. After tirtration
the sample become clear, normal temperature ,and colorless.. The purpose of tirtration is to
reduce iodine to iodida, this got hrough this equation :
I3- + 2S2O32- 3I- + S4O62-
And to determine the concentration of caporite. The volume of Sodium Thiosulfate required
for the titration caporite sample is 2.5 ml.
From that data we can calculate doses of chlorine in each sample by using following
calculation :
Calculate the normality of caporite

[OCl-] = x mL tirtran x N Natrium Thiosulphate x 35,45 x Dillution factor
[OCl-] = x 2.5 x 0.0125 x 35.45 x 1
[OCl-] = 1107.8125 N
BPC Experiment :
The tittle of this experiment is Breakpoints Chlorination (BPC) Analysis. Purpose of this
experiment is to determine amount of caporit for water. The principle of this experiment is to
determine amount of caporit that needed for water desinfection by adding KI as an oxidator
of activated chlor, glacial acetic, amylum and natrium thiosulphate as an oxidator of KI (to
know amount of KI that react), that do for different concentration of the sample. This happen
through this equation
2ClO2 + 2I 2ClO2 + I2
I3- + 2S2O32- 3I- + S4O62-
The tools that will be used in this experiments are Erlenmeyer flask, measurement pipette,
propipette, droplette pipette, and Metal Spatula. While, materials that will be used in this
experiments are sample that taken from UHT stream water at entrance gate 717'26.57"S
11247'35.04"E, Caporit, Glacial Acetic Acid, KI, Amylum Indicator and Natrium
Thiosulphate 0,0125.
used in this experiment. After that take 25 mL of the sample by using measuring pipette and
propipette, then dilute with 1000 ml aquades and pour 25 ml from that into 10 different
erlenmeyer flask. The sample was taken from UHT stream water. The characterististic of
sample are greenish, odorless, and normal temperature. The purpose of the treatment is to
make the water like real water sample in the river.
After that add caporite into each erlenmeyer flask with different volume by using
measuring pipete and propipette. The volume of caporite are 0.3 mL, 0.5 mL, 0.7 mL, 0.9
mL, 1.1 mL ,1.3 mL, 1.5 ml, 1.7 ml, 1.9 ml, 2.1 ml. The characteristic of caporite are cear and
colorless. After adding the caporite there are no physical different due to the sample. The
purpose of adding caporite is to desinfectant the sample. While the purpose of volume
variation is to know the optimum volume of caporite that added. After that keep them in dark
place for 30 minutes. After keep the sample in the dark place there are no physical different.
The purpose of wrap the erlenmeyer flask and keep it in the dark place is to made the chlorine
not evaporate and make the experiments not accurate.
After that, adding 2,5 mL of glacial acetic acid solution into each erlenmeyer flask by
using measuring pipette and propipette. The characteristic of glacial acetic acid are
Then, take 1 gr of KI, the characteristic of KI are white, fine powdered, odorless, and,
normal temperature. After adding KI, the characteristic of the sample become turbid, stingy
smell and yellow colored. The purpose of adding KI is to detect the presence of chlorine
residue, by react with it. The reaction go through this equation :
2ClO2 + 2I 2ClO2 + I2
pipette. The characteristic of amylum indicator are clear and colorless. After adding amylum
the characteristic of all of the sample become dark brown coloured, strong odor, and normal
temperature.. The purpose of adding amylum indcator is as indicator of tirtration, so we know
the end point of tirtration.
After that tirtrate each sample by using 0,0125 N Natrium Thiosulphate, by using
measurement pipette and propipette, until the colour of the sample change into clear and
colorless. The characteristic of natrium thiosulphate are clear and colorless. After tirtration all
of the sample become clear, normal temperature ,and colorless.. The purpose of tirtration is to
reduce iodine to iodida, this got hrough this equation :
I3- + 2S2O32- 3I- + S4O62-
The volume of tirtration of each sample are (+ 10 datas from other group ) :
Volume of Caporite Volume of Natrium

No
(mL) Tiosulphate (mL)
1. 0.3 0.8
2. 0.5 0.95
3. 0.7 1.5
4. 0.9 2.1
5. 1.1 2.4
6. 1.3 2.95
7. 1.5 3.6
8. 1.7 3.85
9. 1.9 4.3
10. 2.1 5.1
11. 2.3 5.4
12. 2.5 6
13. 2.7 6.4
14. 2.9 6.85
15. 3.1 7.51
16. 3.3 7.9
17. 3.5 8
18. 3.7 8.65
19. 3.9 8.7
20. 4.1 9.3
From that data we can calculate doses of chlorine in each sample by using following
calculation :
Calculate the dossage of chlorine
0.3 mL caporite
N1 x V1 = N2 x V2
1107.8125 x 0.3 = N2 x 25.3
N2 = 13.14 mg/L
0.5 mL caporite
N1 x V1 = N2 x V2
1107.8125 x 0.5 = N2 x 25.5
N2 = 21.72 mg/L
0.7 mL caporite
N1 x V1 = N2 x V2
1107.8125 x 0.7 = N2 x 25.7
N2 = 30.17 mg/L
0.9 mL caporite
N1 x V1 = N2 x V2
1107.8125 x 0.9 = N2 x 25.9
N2 = 38.5 mg/L
1.1 mL caporite
N1 x V1 = N2 x V2
1107.8125 x 1.1 = N2 x 26.1
N2 = 46.69 mg/L
1.3 mL caporite
N1 x V1 = N2 x V2
1107.8125 x 1.3 = N2 x 26.3
N2 = 54.76 mg/L
1.5 mL caporite
N1 x V1 = N2 x V2
1107.8125 x 1.5 = N2 x 26.5
N2 = 62.71 mg/L
1.7 mL caporite
N1 x V1 = N2 x V2
1107.8125 x 1.7 = N2 x 26,7
N2 = 70.53 mg/L
1.9 mL caporite
N1 x V1 = N2 x V2
1107.8125 x 1.9 = N2 x 26.9
N2 = 78.25 mg/L
2.1 mL caporite
N1 x V1 = N2 x V2
1107.8125 x 2.1 = N2 x 27.1
N2 = 85.85 mg/L
2.3 mL caporite
N1 x V1 = N2 x V2
1107.8125 x 2.3 = N2 x 27.3
N2 = 93.33 mg/L
2.5 mL caporite
N1 x V1 = N2 x V2
1107.8125 x 2.5 = N2 x 27.5
N2 = 100.71 mg/L
2.7 mL caporite
N1 x V1 = N2 x V2
1107.8125 x 2.7 = N2 x 27.7
N2 = 107.98 mg/L
2.9 mL caporite
N1 x V1 = N2 x V2
1107.8125 x 2.9 = N2 x 27.9
N2 = 115.15 mg/L
3.1 mL caporite
N1 x V1 = N2 x V2
1107.8125 x 3.1 = N2 x 28.1
N2 = 122.21 mg/L
3.3 mL caporite
N1 x V1 = N2 x V2
1107.8125 x 3.3 = N2 x 28.3
N2 = 129.18 mg/L
3.5 mL caporite
N1 x V1 = N2 x V2
1107.8125 x 3.5 = N2 x 28.5
N2 = 136.05 mg/L
3.7 mL caporite
N1 x V1 = N2 x V2
1107.8125 x 3.7 = N2 x 28.7
N2 = 142.82 mg/L
3.9 mL caporite
N1 x V1 = N2 x V2
1107.8125 x 3.9 = N2 x 28.9
N2 = 149.5 mg/L
4.1 mL caporite
N1 x V1 = N2 x V2
1107.8125 x 4.1 = N2 x 29.1
N2 = 156.08 mg/L
Calculate the excess of chlor
Chlorine Excess (mg/L) = x mL tirtration x N thiosulphate x 35.45
1. 0.3 mL caporit
Cl Excess = x 0.8 x 0.0125 x 35.45
Cl Excess = 14.18 mg/L

2. 0.5 mL caporit
Cl Excess = x 0.95 x 0.0125 x 35.45

3. 0.7 mL caporit
Cl Excess = x 1.5 x 0.0125 x 35.45

4. 0.9 mL caporit
Cl Excess = x 2.1 x 0.0125 x 35.45

5. 1.1 mL caporit
Cl Excess = x 2.4 x 0.0125 x 35.45

6. 1.3 mL caporit
Cl Excess = x 2.95 x 0.0125 x 35.45

7. 1.5 mL caporit
Cl Excess = x 3.6 x 0.0125 x 35.45

8. 1.7 mL caporit
Cl Excess = x 3.85 x 0.0125 x 35.45

9. 1.9 mL caporit
Cl Excess = x 4.3 x 0.0125 x 35.45

10. 2.1 mL caporit
Cl Excess = x 5.1 x 0.0125 x 35.45

11. 2.3 mL caporit
Cl Excess = x 5.4 x 0.0125 x 35.45

12. 2.5 mL caporit
Cl Excess = x 6 x 0.0125 x 35.45

13. 2.7 mL caporite
Cl Excess = x 6.4 x 0.0125 x 35.45

14. 2.9 mL caporite
Cl Excess = x 6.85 x 0.0125 x 35.45

15. 3.1 mL caporite
Cl Excess = x 7.51 x 0.0125 x 35.45

16. 3.3 mL caporite
Cl Excess = x 7.9 x 0.0125 x 35.45

17. 3.5 mL caporite
Cl Excess = x 8 x 0.0125 x 35.45

18. 3.7 mL caporite
Cl Excess = x 8.65 x 0.0125 x 35.45

19. 3.9 mL caporite
Cl Excess = x 8.7 x 0.0125 x 35.45

20. 4.1 mL caporite
Cl Excess = x 9.3 x 0.0125 x 35.45

So from that data we can make a graph below :
From graph above we can know the the value of BPC continues to increase and there is no
decrease. This shows that in the range 0.3 ml - 4.1 ml volume of caporite that added to the
water sample has not been found the break point chlorination. Indonesia Public Health
Ministry Regulation 492/Menkes/per/IV/2010, below 5 mg/L.
G. Conclussion
Desinfectan Analysis Experiment:
From this Desinfectant Analysis with Iodometric Method, we can conclude that :
1. Amount of chlor residue in Environmental engineering tap water is 0 mg/L. Its mean
that tap water of environmental engineering may doesnt contain residual chlorine.
Because the chlorine already evaporate in reservoir or the residual chlorine already
disappear in distribution process.
Concentration Caporite Analysis:
From this Desinfectant Analysis with Iodometric Method, we can conclude that :
1. The normality of caporite analysis is 1107.8125 N
BPC Experiment:
From this Breakpoints Chlorination (BPC) Analysis we can conclude that:

1. BPC value not found because in the range 0.3 ml - 4.1 ml volume of caporite that
added to the water, the number of residual chlorine continues to increase and
there is no decrease. So, the volume range needs to be added more.
2. The standard of Indonesia Public Health Ministry Regulation Number
492/Menkes/per/IV/2010 for residual chlorine is must below 5 mg/L.
H. Bibliography
Alfredo, K., Stanford, B., Roberson, J. A. 2015. "Chlorate Challenges for Water
Systems". Journal of American Water Works Association, 107(4) : 187-196.
Amiri, F., Mesqiuita, M., M., F., Andrews, S., A. 2010. " Disinfection Effectiveness of
Organic Chloramines, Investigating The Effect of pH ". Journal of Water
Research, 44 : 845-853.
Margaretha et al.2012. Pengaruh kualitas Air Baku Terhadap Dosis dan Biaya Koagulan
Aluminium Sulfat dan Poly Aluminium Chloride. Jurnal Teknik KImia, 4(18): 21-
30
BIBLIOGRAPHY \l 1057 Mazzola, P., G., Jozala, A., F., Novaes, L., C., L. 2011. "
Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) Determination of Disinfectant and/or
Sterilizing Agents". Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ,45(2) : 241-248.
Layton, B., M. 2012. " Disinfectants and Salmonella: A Study Showing the
Effectiveness of Disinfectants Against the Bacteria Salmonella ". Saint Martins
University Biology Journal, 1 : 95-106.
I. Questions and Answers

Desinfectan Analysis Experiment:
Questions
1. Why determining chlor residue is important in drinking water installation?
2. Explain the important of contact time, chlor residue, and pH as a factor that effect
the strength of desinfection!
3. Calculate effective proportion of residue as HOCl and OCl- in pH = 6,8 and
temperature is 20oC!
4. Based on Chick Law, desinfection by chlorination follow first orde. How many
time thet needed to kill 99% bacteria with chlor residu 0,1 mg/L, if 80% dead
during 2 minutes in that dosage? (Kill = cxt)
Answers
1. So there are enough chlor for desinfection, to prevent symptoms or infections that
caused by microorganism during distribution process, for oxidation metal ions
(Fe2+ and Mn2+) so more stable and sedimented, and prevent colour molecules.
Beside that chlor also react with ammonia (causing smell) so disappear become
N2 gas.
2. a. Contact time : effect deformation of NH2Cl become N2 gas , Ammoniak must
be totally disappear in desinfection process, long contact time, need low
concentration of desinfectant
b. Chlor residue : prevent pathogen microorganism to infect water in distribution
process
c. pH : effect ammonia reaction with chlor that happen in pH 8,3
3. a. HOCl H+ + OCl-
pH = - log [H+]
6,8 = - log [H+]
[H+] = 1,58 x 10-7
b. HOCl in temperature 20oC = 2,7 x 10-8
4. Chlor residue = 0,1 mg/L

t1 = 2 minutes 80% died
t2 = ? 99% died
Chick Law
K = Ch x t
C1n = C2n
QUOTE = QUOTE
QUOTE = QUOTE
t2 = 2,475 minutes
BPC Experiment:
Questions
1. Explain application of BPC data that we get in desinfection process with
chlorination!
2. How many chlor dosage that needed, if the purpose of placing is desinfestion?
3. In BPC determining, dosage that used is until BPC has reached, why?
4. How many optimum pH for chlor desinfection and explain!
5. a. For processing water at 100L/s, count caporit that needed each day (amount
of Cl2 60%), if dosage that needed 2 mg/L and chlor residue 0,5 mg/L
b. for making 2% from sample above, calculate the volume of solvent that
needed!
Answers
1. For determining amont of optimum activated chlor that can be given in

drinking water treatment system in optimum desinfection process
2. Dosage of chlor that needed = BPC + chlor residues in water distribution
system
3. Because application of BPC data for determining desinfection capacity,
amount of desinfection that needed and all of the things that corelate with
desnfection process in SPAM. BPC has reached when all of the substances that
canbe oxidiated already oxidize. Ammonia was gone as N 2 and still present in
activated chlor. So if correlated with application in SPAM, water already clean
and safe for be used when reached surface.
4. pH 6-7, because lower pH, ratio between chlor that needed among ammonia,
was bigger and at higher pH, was needed bigger ratio because they are forming
nitrate. Beside that at pH 6-7 microorganism was not active.
5. a.
Q= 100 L/s
Cl2 = 60%
Cl2 residue = 2 mg/L
Q each day = 100 L/s x 86400 = 8,64 x 106 L/day
Amount of caporit that needed = QUOTE x (Cl dosage + Cl residue) x
Q
= QUOTE x ( 2 + 0,5) x 8,64 x 106
= 3,64 x 106 mg = 3,64 kg
b. Density of Ca(OC)2 = 8600 kg/m3

Volume of Ca(OC)2 = QUOTE = 0,04186 m3/day = 41,86 L/day
Volume of Solvent = QUOTE x volumr of caporit
= 49 x 41,86
= 2051.14 L = 2,0514 m3
Total Volume = 2,05114 + 0,04186 = 2,093 m3

Name: Muhammad Awaluddin NRP: 03211640000011 Lab. Assistant: Teuku Rafiandra Lecturer: Alia Damayanti ST., MT., PH.D

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DESINFECTANT ANALYSIS OR ACTIVATED CHLOR (RESIDUE)

WITH IODOMETRY METHOD, BREAK POINT CHLORINATION

Name : Muhammad Awaluddin

DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

A. Purpose of This Experiments

B. Principle of This Expriments

The principle of desinfectant analysis experiment is to determine amount of activated

I3- + 2S2O32- 3I- + S4O62-

The principle of BPC experiment is to determine amount of chlor (BPC) as

Managing chlorate could become a challenge for water systems if the US

(Alfredo, etc., 2015)

Disinfection removal of microorganisms in the vegetative form, irrespective of their

(Mazola, P. G., etc, 2011)

Chlorination is widely practiced as a disinfection process formicrobial control in

(Amiri, F., etc, 2010)

The addition of active chlorine compounds to clean water to kill bactreological

Desinfectant Analysis Experiment:

2,5 mL glacial acetic

Add it into each erlenmeyer flask

Add it into each erlenmeyer flask

Concentration caporite analysis:

Add it into erlenmeyer flask

2,5 mL glacial acetic

Add it into erlenmeyer flask

Add it into erlenmeyer flask

3 drops of Amylum Indicator

Natrium Thiosulphate solution

Titration until colorless and count the concentration

Pour with different volume

3 drops of Amylum Indicator

0,0125 N Natrium Thiosulphate

No Treatments Observation Picture

5.1. Pouring 25ml of

After adding glacial acetic:

5.2. Pouring 2,5 mL of

3. Add 1 gr of KI using spatula into KI : white fine powder,

After adding KI the sample

After adding amylum:

5.4. Adding three

Concentration Caporite Analysis

1. After that take 1 mL of caporite solution Caporite solution : colorless,

5.5. Pouring 25ml of

After adding it the

5.6. Pouring 2,5 mL of

3. Add 1 gr of KI using spatula into KI : white fine powder,

After adding KI, the

After adding amylum, the

5.8. Adding three

5.10. The samples

1. Pour 25 mL water sample and dilluted with Water sample : greenish,

5.11. Pouring 25mL of

2. Pour caporit with different volume Caporit (OCL) : colorless,

After adding caporit sample

After adding glacial acetic

5.13. Pouring 2,5mL

4. Add 1 gr of KI into each erlenmayer flask KI : White fine powder,

After adding KI sample

5.14. Adding 1gr of

5.15. The sample

After adding Amylum sample

The volume of tirtrate are: 5.17. Titrate the

The experiment was held on Water Purification Laboratorium of Environmental

I3- + 2S2O32- 3I- + S4O62-