Académique Documents
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By : Rajinder Hans
UNINTERRUPTED
POWER SUPPLY
Introduction to Uninterrupted
power supply.
AC to DC conversion (Rectification)
Batteries
UNINTERRUPTED
POWER SUPPLY
Uninterrupted power supply as the name
suggest is power supply available without any
interruption.
TYPES
1. DC SUPPLY :
SOURCE : Battery chargers located at substations.
USED FOR : Electrical panels control supply, Fire alarm
system, Telecommunication, Solenoid valves (SDV),
Switches at field (e.g. flow, pressure), & Emergency lighting
supply.
2. AC SUPPLY :
SOURCE : Provided by UPS system located at Control room
buildings.
USED FOR : DCS, Analysers, and Instrumention field control
panels, ECS stystem, PLC, VFD etc
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF CHARGER AND UPS
3 phase L
AC O
supply A
D
BATTERY
CHARGER Rectifier
Battery
L
3 phase O
AC A
supply D
3 4
+ve cycle Diode
2&3
- ve cycle Diode
1&4
Current flows through one diode from the RIGHT group
and one from the LEFT
Diode with highest anode potential from the RIGHT and
diode with lowest cathode potential from the LEFT will
conduct
THREE PHASE UNCONTROLLED
RECTIFICATION WAVEFORM
SILICON CONTROLLED RECTIFIERS
(SCR)
The SCR is a semi-conductor device with 3 terminals
i.e. Anode, Cathode and Gate.
The main load current is carried by Anode and Cathode
while the control current flows through Gate and
Cathode.
When the gate to cathode voltage exceeds a certain
threshold, the device turns 'on' and conducts current
SILICON CONTROLLED
RECTIFIERS (SCR)
The characteristic of SCR is such that it blocks
the forward voltage until the Gate current
reaches the specified level.
Therefore the instant at which the SCR goes
into conduction can be controlled by changing
the instant at which the gate current or pulse
is applied.
Controlled rectifier
Period, range of q SCR Pair in conduction
30o to 90o S1 and S6
90o to 150o S1 and S2
150o to 210o S2 and S3
210o to 270o S3 and S4
270o to 330o S4 and S5
330o to 360o and 0o to
S5 and S6
30o
SCR1 SCR2 SCR3
Fully
Controlled
R
Bridge
Y Loa
B d
Half
Controlled
R
Bridge
Y Loa
B d
D1 D2 D3
BRIDGE RECTIFIER DIAGRAM
R
Y Uo
B DC
3 PHASE AC
INPUT
Us RMS AC
Battery
Control
And alarm
section
BATTERY CHARGER
System.
Termination terminals, Switches/Fuses/MCBS/MCCBS;
Contactors and relays.
Meters Voltage and current both at Input and output.
Transformers Mains and control.
Semiconductor devices ie THYRISTORS & DIODES.
Choke and Capacitors.
Shunts.
Printed circuit boards (PCBS).
FEATURES OF BATTERY
CHARGERS
Vmax
Vrms
output ripple.(AC
Vripple
component that
rides on the DC Volts (V)
boost mode.
During an emergency, when AC power fails,
MCCB 1A
C1A O/L1A Tr. Fuse SW5
A
DCDB
Charger A
diode
SW1A
SW 7
80%
MCCB 1A
C1B O/L1B Tr. BATTERY BANK
B Diode
Fuse SW5 B
Fuse MCCB 1B
Charger B
SW1B
HBL CHARGERS IN PREP & PXPTA
K3 Only in MCCB
K1 OLR Tr. Fuse SW 2
model
SW 5
80%
Fuse SW 4 K4
Fuse
Charger B
SW2
HBL CHARGERS IN PREP & PXPTA
O/P SWITCH
S1
BB-1
CHGR - 1 DCDB1
3 PHASE
AC INPUT
CHGR-2 BB DROPPER
2 DIODE
O/P DCDB2
SWITCH
S1
DROPPER DIODE
BYPASS CONTACTOR K1
HBL 24 V DC CHARGERS AT CPP (STG)
There are two Nos. of float cum Boost chargers (Charger-1 and
2) with separate battery banks.
The chargers operate in parallel to float charge the battery
and feed the load.
The output of the chargers is fed to two Nos of DC
distribution boards .
Each charger can be put in boost mode to boost charge
its battery .
The charger that is put in boost mode, it has to be disconnected
from the DCDB by switching OFF the Output Switch S1 prior to
putting it in boost mode.
The load is fed via dropper diodes under normal condition so
that reduced voltage is available at the load.
In case of mains failure the load is fed by the battery. The DVR
contactor gets energized the moment the voltage falls below
load requirement. The dropper diodes are shunted once the
contactor energizes.
220V DC Charger System at CPP/
MSQ
SW Fuse TH relay SW Fuse TH relay
3Ph.415V 3Ph.415V
Tr. Tr.
Charger
Charge
Battery
Bank-1
r-1
Battery
Bank-2
-2
Blocking Diodes
DCDB -1 DCDB-2
There are two float cum Boost chargers viz Charger-1 and Charger-
2.
The output of each charger is connected to a DCDB through a
incomer breaker/ Switch.
There is a tie breaker/Swtich used to connect the two sections of
DCDB,s whenever required.
Each charger has its own battery bank which is connected to the
respective DCDB
Normally each charger feeds loads connected to its DCDB and float
charge its battery bank. The tie breaker is normally open.
Load of both the DCDBs can be fed from one charger by closing the tie
breaker .
In Case of boost Charging the Tie breaker is closed and the Incomer
from Charger of the battery bank to be boost charged is switched OFF.
Boost charging is switched ON and the battery is boost charged for the
set time.
The Charger comes back to Float mode after the set time. Incomer and
Tie Breakers/Switches are normalised thereafter.
OPERATING PROCEDURE
(Float mode)
A/M S/W