UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA

FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND ENVIRONMENT

SEMESTER 1 2017/2018

ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
BFC32403
SECTION 1

INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT 1

LECTURER : DR ROSLINDA BINTI SESWOYA

NAME : MUHAMMAD NUR AIMAN BIN ADNAN
NO MATRIC : DF150045
DATE : 28/9/2017

DUE DATE: 5/10/2017

Assignment
1) pH

Find the pH of a 0.0025 M HCl solution. The HCl is a strong acid and is 100% ionized in
water. The hydronium ion concentration is 0.0025 M.
0.0025 M = 2.5 103 mol/liter
pH = - log (2.5 103 )
pH = - [log 2.5 + (-log 103)]
pH = - [0.4 + (-3 log 10)]
pH = - 0.4 + 3
pH = 2.6

2) Alkalinity
Jar test indicate that 36mg/L alum is optimum for a particular raw water. I f a residual 30
mg/L alkalinity must be present to promote complete precipitation of the alum added, what is
the total alkalinity required.

0.45

=
1 36

X = 0.45 36 = 16.2 mg/L

Alkalinity required
Total alkalinity req. (mg/L) = 16.2 mg/L + 30 mg/L
= 46.2 mg/L
3) Hardness
C The calcium and magnesium content of a water sample is 28 mg/L and 9mg/L respectively.
Calculate the total hardness expressed as 3?
Calcium
mg
concentration of X ( )(50 mg 3 /meq )
L
mg/L of X as 3 =
( ( )

2850.045
mg/L of X as 3 = 20.04

X = 69.9 mg/L as 3

Magnesium
mg
concentration of X ( )(50 mg 3 /meq )
L
mg/L of X as 3 =
( ( )

950.045
mg/L of X as 3 = 12.15

X = 37.4 mg/L as 3

Total Hardness (mg/L) = 69.9 + 37.4

= 107.3 mg/L
4) BOD
If the BOD of a municipal wastewater at the end of 7 days is 60.0 mg/L and the ultimate BOD
is 85.0 mg/L, what is the rate constant?

7 = 60 /
0 = 85 mg / L

= 0 (1 )
7 = 0 (1 (7) )
60 = 85(1 (7) )
60
= (1 (7) )
85
0.71 = 1 (7)
(7) = 1 0.71
(7) = 0.29
ln (7) = 0.29
-7k = -1.238
k = 0.177 1

Assuming that the data in Problem 1 were taken at 25C, compute the rate constant at 16C.
= 20 20
25 = 20 2520
0.177 = 20 (1.056)2520
0.177 = 20 (1.056)5
0.177 = 20 (0.313)
0.177 = 20 (0.313)
20 = 0.135
At 16C
16 = 20 1620
16 = (0.135)(1.135)4
16 = 0.0813 1
5) DO Sag curve
a) A certain college discharges 17,360 m3 /d of treated wastewater into a nearby river. The
treated wastewater has a 5 of 12 mg/L and k of 0.12 1 at 20C. The river has a flow
rate of 0.43 m3 /s and an ultimate BOD of 5.0 mg/L. The DO of the river is 6.5 mg/L and the
DO of the wastewater is 1.0 mg/L. Saturation dissolved oxygen = 11.33 mg/L. Compute the
DO and initial ultimate BOD after mixing.

= 173603 = 0.2 3 /
= 1.0 /
= 12 /

= 0.43 /
= 6.5 /
= 5.0 /

Initial dissolved oxygen concentration DO

( ) + ( )
DO =
+

0.2(1.0) + 0.43(6.5)
DO =
0.2 + 0.43

DO = 4.75 mg/L

Initial ultimate BOD concentration

( ) + ( )
=
+

0.2(12) + 0.43(5.0)
=
0.2 + 0.43

= 7.22 mg/L

Initial dissolved oxygen deficit

DO =
DO = 11.33mg/L 4.75mg/L

b) From previous calculation determine the deoxygenation rate constant for the reach of the
river below the wastewater outfall (discharge pipe). The average speed of the stream flow in
the river is 0.03 m/s. The depth is 5.0 m and the bed-activity coefficient is 0.35.
Deoxygenation
k = 0.12 1
u = 0.03m/s
h=5m
= 0.35

= k +

0.03
= 0.12 + 5.0
(0.35)

= 0.122 1
For temperature 20C

The stream temperature is 10C. So the value should be corrected

Correct temperature formula
= 0.122 1 (1.135)1020
= 0.034 1
.
Re-aeration rate
3.91/2
=
3/2

3.9(0.03)1/2
=
(5)3/2

= 0.060 1
= 0.06 1 (1.024)1020
= 0.047 1
c) Determine the DO concentration at a point 5 km downstream from the college discharge into
the river. Also determine the critical DO and the distance downstream at which it occurs.
1
= ln [ ( 1 - )]

1 0.047 0.0470.034
= ln [ 0.034 ( 1 - (6.58) )]
0.0470.034 0.034(7.22)

= 8.13

Critical distance
3600 24 1
= (8.13) (0.03 )( )( )( ) = 21.07
1 1 1000

Minimun DO

= ( ) +

0.034(7.22)
= ( 0.034(8.13) 0.047(8.13) ) + 6.58 0.047(8.13)
0.0470.034

= 18.88(0.758 0.682) + 6.58(0.682)

= 5.92 /

=
= 11.33 5.92 /
= 5.41 /

DO concentration at a point 5 km downstream

1000m
(5km)( )
t 5km = km = 1.92d
m 3600s 24hr
(0.03 s )( )( )
1hr 1d

5km = ( ) +

0.034(7.22)
5km = ( 0.034(1.92) 0.047(1.92) ) + 6.58 0.047(1.92)
0.0470.034
0.034(7.22)
5km = ( 0.034(1.92) 0.047(1.92) ) + 6.58 0.047(1.92)
0.0470.034

5km = 18.88(0.937-0.914) + 6.58(0.914) = 6.45 mg/L

5km = 11.33 6.45 mg/L = 4.88 mg/L