REFERENCES

An d erson, Be nedi..:l. 20 03 (19 83). Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin

and Spread ofNationalism. Rev. ed. Lond o n, N e vi York: Verso.
Appadu rai, Arju n. 20 06. Fear of Small Numbers: An Essay on the Geography of
Anger. Durham: D uke Un ive rsity P ress.
A ragon, Lo rrai ne. 20 00. Fields of the Lord: Animism, Ch ristian Minorities and
State Development in Indonesia. Honolu lu : Unive rs il y o f Ha1vai' i Press.
- -. 1996. "Reorganizi ng Lhe Cos111ology: TI1 e Rei nterpre la lio n of Deities and
Religious P ra..:li..:e by P rotestanls in Cenlral Sula1vesi, Ind o nesia." journal of
Southeast A sian Studies 27(2): 350 - 7:i.
Asa d , Tala d. 1992. Genealogies of Religion: Discipline and Reason s of Power in
Ch ristianity and Islam . Ballin1o re: Jo h ns Hopkins U nivers ily Press.
Austin-Broos, Diane. 2003. "TI1e Anlh ropo lo gy o f Conversion: A n lntro d u..: Lion."
In The A nthropology ofConversion, ed. A ndre1v Bu..:kse r a nd Slephe n D . G la-
zier, 1- 12. Lanha111: Ro1vm an & Lil tlefield.
Bab b, La1vren..:e A. 1995 "lntrodu..:Lio n." In Media and the Transformation of Reli -
gion in South Asia, ed. La1vren..:e A. Bab b and Susan S. vVa dley, 1- 18 . P h iladel-
phia: Univers il y o f Pe n nsylvania Press.
Bain b ridge, W.S. 1992. "TI1e So..:iology of Conve rsion." In Handbook of Religious
Conversion, ed. H . N. Mal..:o n y and S. Southard, 178- 9i. Bi n ni ngham: Religious
Edu..:alio n P ress.
Ban ..:hi d\lo T6ng dieu lra d an so va nh a i':1 Tru ng l!On g (Nationa l population and
housi ng ..:ensus di re..:ting ..:omn1 iltee]. 2010 . Bao cao ket qua chfnh thuc T8ng
o
die'u tra dan so va nha 1/ 4 / 2009 Phl.f luc II [Offi..:ial repo rl o f Lh e resu ll o f Lhe
Na lio n a l Pop ulation and Housing Census, January 4, 20 09, Appe ndix 2). H a
N<?i: Nit a x uat ban TI16ng ke.
Ban D an L9 <.: , U BND Linh Lao Cai [E lh n i<.: M ino rilie s De parl n1 e nt, Provin..:ia l
People Con1111illee, Lao Cai]. 2007. Bao cao ve sap xep dan cu', di dan do
va tinh hinh d(>ng cr.ia cac ton giao tren dia ban tlnh Lao Cai [Repor l o n
pop ulation rese llle111ent, f ree a nd sp on la neo us n1 igralio n, a nd the a..: Liv ilies of
re ligions 1vithin Lao Cai province]. Lao C ai: Ban D an t<?c.
Bao Lai C hau. 2010. "Dau lranh d lai lrong ..:ay lhuoc [Ballling lo
ausolulely slop re-planting o piu1n]. Laichau Online Ac..:esse d Jan u-
ary 14, 2011. hllp://uaolaichau.vn/.
Barker, Jo hn. 1993. "We Are Ekles ia: Convers ion in Ui aku, Papua Ne\v Guinea."
In Conversion to Christianity: Historical and Anthropological Perspectives on
a Great Transformation, ed. R. W. Hefner, 199-230. Berkeley: Universily of
California P ress.
Bar ney, G eorge Li n,vood. 196? "TI1e Meo ofXieng Khouang P rovince, Laos." In
Southeast Asian Tribes, Minorities and Nations, ed . Peler Kuns ladler, 271- 94.
Princeto n : P ri n..:elon Un ive rsity P ress.
- - -. 1957- Christianity and Innovation in Meo Culture: a Case Study in Mission-
ization. J\tlA lhesis, Un iversity of Minnesota.
Bar lh, Fredrik. 1969. "Inlroduclion." In Eth nic Groups and Boundaries, ed. Fredrik
Barlh, 9- 38. Boslon : Lill ie, Bro\<\n .
Bas..:h, Linda, N ina Gli..:k S..:hille r, and Cristina Szanlon-Blanc. 1994. Nations
Unbound: Transnational Projects, Post-Colonial Predicaments, and De-Territori-
alized Nation-States. Langhorn e: Gordon a nd Breadi.
Berger, Pele r L. 1990. The Sacred Canopy: Elem ents of a Sociological Theory of
Religion. Ne"'' York: A nchor Books.
- - -. 1954a. "From Seel lo C hurch: a Sociologi..:al Inlerprelalio n of lhe Baha'i
Move1nen l." P hD diss., New School of So..:ial Resear..:h.
- - - . 19451.J. "TI1e Sociological Sludy of Se..:larian is1n." Social Research 21: 467- 85.
Berlrais, Yves. 1978. The Traditional Marriage among the vVhite H mong of Thailand
and Laos. C hiangma i: H m ong Cenler.
- - -. 1964. Dictionnai re Hmong-Francais. Vienliane: M ission Calholique.
Bhauha, Ho m i K. 1994. The Location of Culture. Lo ndon: Rou lledge.
Blaelller, Dominic. 2008. "Slale of Mi nd: Foresl 0 \vnersh ip, lhe Private Sphere
an d Governan..:e in Reform-So..:ialisl Trans ilion: A Case Study in lhe Norther n
Mo un tain Region ofVielnan1." PhD diss., Oxford Universily.
Bi? T lC Quan khu 2. 1994. Tay Bae: Lich su Khang chien Chong My, cuu Nuoc
(1954 - 1975) [TI1e Nor lh\<\esl: A hislory of resislance against lhe US lo save lhe
nalio n (1954- 75)]. Ha Ni;>i: Nita xual I.Jan Quan di;>i.
Bourolle, B. 1943. "Mariages el funerai lles chez !es Meo ulancs de la region de
Nong-He l (Tran Nin h)." Bulletin de l'Institut pour l'Etude de /'Homme 6: 33- 56.
Browne, Donald R. 1982. International Radio Broadcasting: The Limits of the Limit-
less Medium . Ne"'' York: P reager Publishe rs.
Bru1nuerg, Joan Jacobs. 1980. Mission for Life: The Story of the Family of Adoniram
Judson, the Dramatic Events of the First American Foreign M ission, and the
Course ofEvangelical Religion in the Nineteenth Century. Ne"'' York: TI1e Free
P ress.
Bu..:kser, And re"'" 2003. "Social Convers io n and G roup Delinilio n in Je\vish
Copen hagen." In The Anthropology of Religiou s Conversion, ed . Andre\V Bu..:k-
ser and Stephen D. G lazier, 69- 84. Lanham : Rowman & Lill le lield.

RE F E RENCES
Bu..:kser, Andre\v and Slephe n D. Glazier. 2003. "lnlroduclion." In The Anthropol-
ogy of Religious Conversion, ed . Andre\V Buckser and Slephe n D. Glazie r, n .p.
Lanha1n: Ro\<\1nan & Lilllefield.
Burnell, Virginia G. and David Stoll. 199} Rethinking Protestantism in Latin
America. Philade lphia: Te1nple University Press.
Burridge, Kene ln1. 1969. Nelv Heaven, Nelv Earth: A Study ofMillenarian Activi-
ties. Ne\v York: Scho..:ken Books.
Carrulhe rs, Ashley. 2002. "TI1e Accu1n ulalion of Na lional Belongi ng in Transna-
tion al Fields: Ways of Being al Ho1ne in Viel na1n." Identities: Global Studies in
Culture and Polver 9(4): 42:i-44.
Casanova, Jose. 2005. "In11nigranl Religions in Se..:ular Eu rope and in Chrislian
A1nerica." Paper presented al meeling, "Ulopias/Dyslopias: Modern Desires
and TI1eir Dis..:onlenls;' Ulrechl University, October 21.
Castells, Manuel. 1996. The Rise of the Nehvork Society, vol. 1: The Information Age:
Economy, Society, and Culture. 2nd ed. Oxford: Bla..:k,vell.
CEMA. 2011. Vietnam: Image of the Comm unity of54 Ethnic Groups. Accessed
January 6, 2011. hllp:// ..:en1a.gov. vn/1nodules. php?name=Con lenl&1ncid= 1128#
ixzz1AphjH PeV.
C han, Su..:heng. 1994. Hmong Means Free. Philadelphia: Ten1ple Universily Press.
C hau, Adam Yue l. 2005. "TI1e Politics of Legili n1a lion and Lhe Revival of Popular
Religion in Shanbei, Norlh-Cenlra l China." Modern China 31(2): 236- 78.
C he ung, Siu-woo. 1993. "Mille nar ianism, C h ristian Movements, and Elh nic
C hange a1nong Lhe Miao in Soulh\<\esl C h ina." In Cultural Encounters on
Ethnic Frontiers, ed. Slevan Harrell, 217-47- Seallle: Un iversily of Wash-
ing Lon Press.
C hi nnery, E. W. P. and Haddon, A. C. 1917- "Five New Relig ious Culls in British
Ne"'' Gu inea." Hibbert journal 1: 448- 63.
C hu, julie. 2010. Cosmologies of Credit: Transnational Mobility and the Politics of
Destination in China. Durham: Duke Un iversity Press.
CliJTord, ja1nes. 2001. "Ind igenous Arliculalions." The Contemporary Pacific 13(2):
468- 90.
- -. 1994 "Diasporas." Cultural Anthropology 9(3): 302-38.
Cohen, Rob in. 1997- Global Diasporas: An Introduction . Seallle: Un iversity of
V\Tashinglon Press.
Cole1nan, Simon. 2003. "Conli nuous Conversion? TI1e Rhe lori..:, Pra..: Lice, and
Rhe lorical Pracli..:e of C haris1nalic Proleslanl Conversion." In The Anthropol-
ogy of Religious Conversion, ed . Andre\V Buckser and Slephe n D. Glazie r, 15- 27.
Lanham: Ro\<\1nan & Lilllefield.
Co1n aroJT, jean and Joh n Con1aroJT. 2001. Millenial Capitalism and the Culture of
Neoliberalism. Durh am: Duke Universily Press.
- -. 1991. Of Revelation and Revolution: Christianity, Colonialism and Con-
sciousness in South Africa. Vol. 1. Chicago: Universily of Chicago Press.
C6ng TI16ng li n so
Llr, Yan h6a TI1 lhao Du lich Lao Cai [DigiLal porlal

REFERE N CES
 of Lao Cai's D epar l1nenl of Culture, Sporl, and Tour ism]. 2008. "N hiln g hqc
ki n h nghi?1n Lrong cong Lac Tieu Phi 6 Lao Cai (1951-1955)" [TI1e exp erie nli al
lessons fro1n Lhe Ph i' 1n ission in Lao Cai (195 1-55)). A..:cessed January
22, 2011. hllp:/ I egov. lao..:ai. gov.vn/ sites/ sovhl ldl/lichsulaocai/lichsulaocai/
Trang/ 6 3405 1425775 520000. aspx.
Coope r, Roi.Jeri G. 1984. Resource Scarcity and the Hmong Respon se: Patterns of
Settlement and Economy in Transition. Singap ore: Singapore U niversity Press.
Corli n, Claes. 2004. "Hmong and Lhe Land Queslion in Vielnam: Na lional Poli..:y
an d Lo..:al Con..:epls of Lhe Environn1enl." In The Hmong/Miao in Asia, ed .
Ni..:holas Tapp, Jean Mi..:haud, C h rislian Culas, and Gary Yia Lee, 295- 320.
Chiang Mai: Silkwonn Books.
Csordas, TI1omas J. 1994. Embodiment and Experience: the Existential Ground of
Cultu re and Seif Ca1n brid ge: Cam bri dge U n iversil y Press.
C\}c Van h6a TI16ng lin Co so [Mi nistry depar l1nenl of grassroo ts-level cultu re
and infor n1a lion ]. 2004. Dung theo Ke xau [Don't follow b ad elen1enls). Ha
N{>i: N ha xual ban Yan h6a.
Culas, C hristian. 2005. Le Messianism e hmong aux XIXe et XXe siecles: La
dynamique religieu se com me in strument politique, chemins de ll!thnologie. Paris:
CNRS, Fondalion de la Maison des sciences de J' homme.
- - -. 2004. "Innovalion and Tradition in Rilual and Cosmology: H1nong M es-
sianis1n and Sha1nanism in Soulheasl As ia." In The Hmong/Miao in Asia, ed.
Ni..:holas Tapp, jean Mi..:haud, C h rislian Culas, and Gary Yia Lee, 97- 126.
Chiang Mai: Silkwo nn Books.
Cu las, C hris Lian and Jean M ichaud. 1997- "A Conlribulion lo Lhe Study of H n1ong
(Miao) J.\iligralions and His Lory." Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde
153(2): 211- 43.
Culh ane-Pera el al. 2003. Healing by Heart: Clinical and Ethical Case Stories of
Hm ong Fa mi lies and Western Pro viders. Nashville: Vanderb ill Un ive rsity Press.
Ngh ien1 V\ln. 2007. "On Religious Issue." Religious Studies Review 1(2): 3- 15.
- - -. 2003. Ly ve Ton giao va tinh hinh ton giaoo Nam [Conce plual-
izalion of religion and lhe developrn enl of religions in Vie lnarn) . Ha N{>i: Nh a
xual ba n Chin h Lrj Quo..: gia.
- -. 1998. "Ve vi?..: Lruyen ba O\IO Vang C h lr h ay gia Tin h Lanh." [Aboul Lhe
proselyLizalion of Lhe Vang ChU'. cull or Fake-Proleslanlisn1]. In Nhiing van de
lien quan den hi?n ttiqng "Vang Chu" [TI1e issues relati ng Lo Lhe "Vang Ch U'."
phenon1enon]. Ha N{>i: Vi?n Nghien ecru Ton giao.
Davidson, A rnold I. 1986. "Ar..:haeology, Genealogy, Elh i..:s." In Foucault: A Critical
Reader, ed. D avid Couzens Hoy, 235- 41. Oxford: Bas il Blackwell.
Davis, Brad ley C. 2011. "Black Flag Run1ors and Lhe Bla..:k River Basi n: Pov1er-
broke r and Lh e Stale in lhe Ton kin-China Borderland." journal of Vietnamese
Studies 6(2): 16- 41.
De Konin ck, Rodolphe. 1999. Deforestation in Vietnam. O lla\<\a: Inlernalion al
Developme nl Research Cenler.

RE F E RENCES
De Vr ies, Hen l. 2001. "Jn Media Res: Global Religion, Public Spheres, and Lhe Task
of Conle1nporary Co1nparalive Religious Studies." In Religion and lvtedia, ed.
Henl de Vries and Sa1n uel Weber, 1- 42. Stanford: Stanford Un iversity Press.
De Vries, Henl and Sa1nuel Weber, eds. 2001. Religion and Media. Stanford: Stan-
ford University Press.
De Wille, Marleen. 2010. "Transnational Tradition: TI1e Global Dyna111i..:s of
'.Afri..:an Traditional Religion."' In Religion Crossing Boundaries: Transnational
Religious and Social Dynamics in Africa and the Nelv African Diaspora, ed. Afe
Adogame and ji1n Spickard, 253- 85. Leiden: Brill.
- -. 2003. ''.Allar Media's Living \!Vord: Televised Charismali..: Chrislianily in
Ghana." Jo urnal of Religion in Africa 33(2): 172- 201.
Di Bella, Maria Pia. 2003. "Conversion and Marginality in Southern llaly." In The
Anthropology of Religious Conversion, ed. Andre\v Buckser and Stephe n D.
Glazier, 85- 95. Lanha1n: Ro\vman & Lilllefie ld.
Dia1n ond, Sara. 1989. Spiritual Warfare: The Politics of the Christian Right. Cam-
brid ge: Soulh End Press.
Donnelly, Nan..:y D. 1994. Changing Lives of Refugee Hmong Women. Seallle: Uni-
versity of Washinglon Press.
Dubois, TI1on1as David . 2005. The Sacred Village: Social Change and Religiou s Life
in Rural North China. Hono lu lu: University of Hawai'i Press.
Du:crng, Bid1 2008. "Conlesling Marginality: Consu1nplion, Nel,vorks, and
Everyday Pracli..:es among H 1nong G irls in Sa Pa, Nor lhwes le rn Vielna111."
Journal of Vietnamese Studies 3(3): 231- 60.
- -. 2006. "TI1e Hmong Girls of Sa Pa: Lo..:al Pla..:es, Global Trajectories,
Hybrid Iden lilies." PhD diss., Universi ty of Wash ington.
Eastern World. 1955a. "TI1e TI1ai-Meo Reg ion of Tonkin." Eastern World (Oc tober):
23- 24.
- -. 1955b. "Minorilies under Lhe Viel Minh." Eastern vVorld (November): 17- 18.
Eickehnan, Dale F. and joh n W. Anderson, eds. 1999. New Media in the Muslim
World: The Emerging Public Sphere. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Eisenlohr, Palri..:k. 2009a. "Whal is a Medium? TI1e Anth ropology of Media and
lhe Question of Eth nic and Religious Pluralis1n." Inau gural leclure, Un iversileil
Ulre..:hl, July.
- -. 2009b. "Technologies of Lhe Spirit: Devolional Isla1n, Sound Reproduc-
lion, and lhe Diale..: Lics of Media tion and In11nediacy in Mauritius." Anthropo-
logical Theory 9(3): 273- 96.
Engelke, Mallhe"'' and Joel Robbins. 2010. "Inlrodu..:Lion." Spe..:ial Issue, "Global
Chrislianily, Global Critique." South Atlantic Quarterly 109(4): 623- 31.
En,vall, joakim . 1995. "Hmong Wri ti ng Syslen1s in Vie lna111: A Case Study of
Vielnan1's Minority Language Poli..:y." Working paper, Cenler for Pa..:ifi..: Asia
Studies al Slockholn1 University, 40.
Eriksen, TI101nas Hylland. 1993. Ethnicity and Nationalism: Anthropological Per-
spectives. London: Plulo Press.

REFERENCES
Es..:oba r, A. 1995. Encountering Development: The Making and Unmaking of the
Third vVorld. P rin ..:eton: Pr ince ton Un iversity P ress.
Fabian, ). 1983. Time and the Other: Ho1v A nthropology Makes Its Object. New York:
Columbia Un iversity P ress.
Fadi1nan, A nn. 1997- The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down: A Hm ong Child,
Her American Doctors, and The Collision of Tlvo Cultures. Ne\<\ York: Farrar,
Straus and Giroux.
Failler, Ph ilippe Le. 2ou. "TI1e Deo Family of La i Chau: Traditional Power and
Un..:onventional Prac tices." journal of Vietnamese Studies 6( 2): 42- 67-
Faruq ue, Cathleen Jo. 2002. Migration of Hmong to the Mid1vestern United States.
Lanh a1n: Rown1an & Littlefield.
Fes ti nger, Leo n , Hen ry W. Rie..:ken, and Stanley S..:hachter. 1956. When Prophecy
Fails: A Social and Psychological Study of a Modern Group that Predicted the
End ofthe World. M inneapolis: Un iversity of Mi nnesota Press.
Foucau lt, J\llic hel. 1997- Ethics: Subjectivity and Truth. Vol. 1. N evi York: Ne\v P ress.
- -. 1990. The Use of Pleasure. Trans. Rober t Hurley. Ne\v York: Vintage Books.
- -. 1988. "Te..:hnologies of the Self." In Technologies of the Self, ed. L. H. Mar-
tin, H . Gu t1nan, and P. H . Hutton, 16- 49. A1nherst: University of M assa..:hu -
set ts P ress.
- -. 1984. "What Is Enlighten1nent?" In The Foucault Reader, ed. Pau l Rabinow,
32- 50. Ne"'' York: Pantheon Books.
- -. 1983. "On TI1e G eneology of Eth i..:s." In Michel Foucault: Beyond Struc-
turalism and Hermeneutics, ed. H uber t L. Dreyfus and Paul R ab ino ,v, 229-52.
Chicago : University of Chi..:ago Press.
- -. 1978. The History of Sexuality, vol. 1: A n Introduction. Trans. Rober t Hurley.
New York: Vintage Books.
- -. 1977- Discipline and Puni sh: The Birth of the Prison. Lo ndon: Penguin .
Galb iati, Fernando. 1985. Peng Pai and the Hai -L u-Feng Soviet. Stan ford: Stanford
Un iversity P ress.
Geddes, Willian1. 1976. Migrants of the Mountains: The Cultural Ecology of the Blue
Miao ( Hm ong Njua) of Thailand. Oxford: TI1e Clarendon Press.
Geer tz, CliJTord. 1995. After the Fact: Two Countries, Four Decades, One Anthropol-
ogist. TI1e Jerusale1n-Harvard Le..:tures. Ca1nbridge: Harvard Un iversity P ress.
- -. 1973a. "Religion as a Cultural Systen1." In The Interpretation of Cultures,
87- 126. New York: Basi..: Books.
- -. 1973b. "Internal Conversion in Conte1nporary Bali." In The Interpretation
ofCultures, 170-92. Ne\v York: Basic Books.
- -. 1973..:. "Deep Play: Notes on the Baline se Cockfight." In The Interpretation
ofCultures, 412- 53. Ne"'' York: Basi..: Books.
Germ ani, G . 1980. Marginality. Ne\v Bruns\vi..:k: Trans actio n Books.
G lazer, N. and J\lloynihan, D. P. 1963. Beyond the Melting Pot: the Negroes, Puerto
Rican s, fe1vs, Italians and Irish of New York City. Ca1nbridge: M IT Press.
Government Co1n1nittee fo r Religious AJTa irs [Ban Ton giao Chinh phu]. 2006.

186 RE F E RENC ES
 Religion and Policies Regarding Religion in Vietnam . Ha N<';ii: Ban Ton giao
C hin h pin'!.
Guest, Kenneth. 2003. God in Chinatown : Religion and Survival in New
Evolving Immigrant Community. Ne\\' York: Nevi York Un iversity Press.
Guslield, j. R. 1996. Contested Meanings: the Construction of Alcohol Problems.
Madison: Un iversity of Wisconsin Press.
Ha..:kell, Rosaline I. ). 1998. "Charis1nalic/Pentecostal Appropriation of Media
Te..:hnologies in Nigeria and Ghana." journal of Religion in Africa 28(3): 258- 77.
Ha..:king, Ian. 1986. "Self-Improvemenl." In Foucault: A Critical Reader, ed. David
Couzens Hoy, 235-4i. Oxford: Basil Black\\ell.
Ham illon-Merrill, Jane. 1993 Tragic Mountains: The Hm ong, the Americans, and
the Secret Wars for Laos, 1942-1992. Bloon1ington: Indiana Un iversity Press.
Handler, Richard. 1988. Nationalism and the Politics of Culture in Quebec. J\tladi-
son: Un iversity of Wis..:onsin Press.
Harding, Sussane Friend. 2000. The Book of ferry Falwell: Fundamentalist Lan-
guage and Politics. Princeton: Princeton Un iversity Press.
Hardy, Andrew. 2oo:i. Red Hills: Migrants and the State in the Highlands of Viet-
nam. Singapore: !SEAS.
Hav1wa, Sislhi. 2000. "Fro1n Cross lo Cres..:ent: Religious Conversion of Filipin a
Don1es tic Helpe rs in Hong Kong." Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations 11(3):
347- 67-
Hefner, Rob ert W. 1998. "Mulliple Modern ities: Chrislianily, Islan1, and H induism
in a Globalizi ng Age." Annual Review of Anthropology 27: 83-104.
- -. 1993 "v\Torld Building and lhe Rationality of Conversion ." In Conversi on to
Christianity: Historical and Anthropological Perspectives on a Great Transforma-
tion, ed. Roberl W. Hefner, 3- 44. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Hein1ba..:k, Earnest E. 1969. White Meo-English Dictionary. Dala Paper No. 75.
lth a..:a: Southeast Asia Progran1, Cornell University Press.
Hein, jeren1y. 2006. Ethnic Origins: The Adaptation of Cambodian and Hm ong
Refugees in Four American Cities. Ne\v York: Russell Sage Foundation.
He rberg, Will. 1955. Protestant, Catholic, few: An Essay in American Religious Soci-
ology. New York: Doubleday.
He rr, Na T. 2008. a Hmong Contextual Theology. A..:..:essed Seple1n ber 2,
2009. \VW\v. lunongbible.org/blog/ nlherr/ 20101205- 411.
H i..:key, Gerald. 1993 Shattered World: Adaptation and Survival among
Highland Peoples during the Vietnam War. Philadelphia: Un iversity of Pennsyl-
vania Press.
H i..:kn1an, )a..:ob R. 2007. "TI1e Moral Din1ension of the H1nong Refugee Experi-
en..:e in An1eri..:a: A TI1ree Elh i..:s Approach." Ph D diss., Un iversity of Chi..:ago.
H irschkind, Charles. 2006. The Ethical Soundscape: Cassette Sermons and Islamic
Counterpublics. Ne\v York: Colu1nbia Un iversity Press.
Ho-Tai, Hue Tam. 1983. Millenarianism and Peasant Politics in Vietnam. Ca1n-
bridge: Harvard Un iversity Press.

REFERE NCES
Hobsbawm, Eric. 1996. "Introduction." In The Invention ofTradition, ed. Eri..:
Hobsb av11n and Teren..:e Ranger, 1-14. Can1bridge: Ca1nbridge Universi ty Press.
- - -. 1959 Primitive Rebels: Studies in Archaic Forms of Social Movement in the
19th and 20th Centuries. Man..:hester: Manchesler Un iversi ty Press.
H9 i lhan h T in lan h Nan1 mien [Nor thern Evangelical C hu rch ofViel-
na1n ]. 2004. Noi quy, giao luqt, ky [Int ra1nural regulations, religious lav1,
d iscipli nes ]. Ha Nq i: H9 i lhanh Tin lan h Na1n 1n ien
Hones, Donald F. 2ooi. "TI1e \l\ford: Religion and Lileracy in the Life of a Hmong
A1nerican." Religious Education 96( 4). 489- 509.
Hones, Donald F. and Cher Shou Cha. 1999 Educating A merican: Imm igrant
Lives and Learning. London: La\<\ren..:e Erlbau1n Asso..:iates.
Horlon, Robin. 1971. "Afri..:an Conversion." AFRICA: journal of the International
African Institute 41(2): 85- 108.
Hoskins, J. 1987- "Enlering lhe Biller House: Spirit Worship and Conversion." In
Indonesian Religion in Transition in West Sumba, ed. R. S. Kipp and S. Rodgers,
136- 60. Tus..:on: Un iversity of Arizon a Press.
Hoover, Sle\<\art M. and Knut Lundby. 1997. Rethinking Media, Religion, and Cul-
ture. TI1ousand Oaks: SAGE Publi..:ations.
Hu1nphrey, Caroline. 2002. "Sha1nans in th e Cily." In The Unmaking of Soviet
Life: Everyday Economies after Socialism , 202- 21. llha..:a: Cornell Un iversi ty
Press.
Iannac..:one, Lauren..:e. 1997. "Ration al C ho ice: Frame\<\ork for the Scientifi..: Study
of Religion." In Rational Choice Theory and Religion: Summary and Assessment,
ed. L. A. Young, 25-42. Nevi York: Routledge.
Je nkz, Rober! D. 1994 In surgency and Social Disorder in Guizhou: The 'Miao'
Rebellion, 1854- 1873. Hono lu lu: Un iversity of Hawai'i Press.
Je ung, Russell. 2005. Faithful Generations: Race and New Asian American
Churches. New Brunswick: Rutgers Un iversity Press.
J0rgensen, Bent D. 2006. "Developmenl and 'TI1e Olher V\filhin': TI1e Culluralisa-
lion of the Polili..:al E..:ono1n y of Poverty in Nor thern Uplands of Vietnam."
PhD diss., Un iversity of Go th enburg.
Ju lian, Roberla. 2oo:i. "Transnational Ide nlilies in lhe H mong Diaspora." In Glo -
balisation, Cultu re and Inequality in Asia, ed. Timo thy J. S..:rase, Todd Joseph,
Miles Holden, and S..:oll Baum, 119- 43. Melbou rne: Trans Pacifi..: Press.
Kan1n1ere r, Cornelia. 1996. "Discarding lhe Basket: TI1e Rein leprelalion of Tradi-
lion by Akha C hris tians of Norlhern TI1ailand." journal of Southeast Asian
Studies, 27 (2): 320 - 33.
- - -. 1990. "Cusloms and Ch rislian Conversion an1ong Aki ta Highlanders of
Burma and TI1ailand." American Ethnologist 17(2): 277- 9i.
Kaplan, Sieve. 1996. Indigenous Responses to Western Christianity. Ne\v York: New
York Universi ty Press.
Keane, Webb. 2007- Chri stian Moderns: Freedom and Fetish in the Mission Encoun-
ter. Berkeley: Un iversity of Californi a Press.

188 RE F E RENC ES
 - -. 2002. "Sincerity, 'Modern ity; and the Protestan ts." Cultural Anthropology.
17(1): 6 5-92.
- -. 1997- "From Fetishisn1 to Sin..:erity: On Agen..:y, the Speaking of Subje..:l,
and Their Hislori..:ity in the Context of Conversion." Comparative Studies in
Society and History 39: 674- 9}
- -. 1996. "Materialisn1, M issionaries, and Mo dern Subje..:ls in Colonial Indo-
nesia." In Conversion to Modernities: The Globalization ofChristianity, ed. Peter
Van de Veer, 137- 70. Ne\v York: Routledge.Kendall, Laurel. 200 9 . Shamans,
Nostalgias, and the IMF: South Korean Popular Religion in Motion . Hono lulu:
Un iversity of Ha\<\ai' i Press.
Keyes, Charles F. 2002. "'TI1e People of Asia': Science and Politics in Ethn i..: Clas -
sifica tion in TI1ailand, China and Vietnam." journal of Asian Studies 61( 4):
1163- 20}
- -. 1996. "Being Protes tant C h ristian in Southeas t Asian Worlds." journal of
Southeast Asian Studies 27(2): 28 0 - 92.
- -. 1987. Thailand, Buddhist Kingdom as Modern Nation -State. Boulder : Wes t-
view Press.
Keyes, Charles F., Laurel Kendall, and Helen Harda..:re. 1994 Asian Visions of
Authority: Religion and the Modern States of East and Southeast Asia. Hono-
lu lu: U n iversity of Ha,vai'i Press.
Ki1n, N. B. Nin h. 20 0 2. A World Tran sfo rmed: The Politics ofCulture in Revolution -
ary Vietnam, 1945- 65. Ann Harbo r: Un iversity of M ichigan Press.
Kh5ng 2002 "M9t so van de ve dan so v6i phat trie'n ca..: dan t9c th ie'u s6 v6
1nien nu i Vi?t Na1n" [Den1ograph i..: issues and develop1nenl of ethnic n1inori -
ties and 1n ou ntai nous regions in Vielnan1 ]. In Phat triln ben vu'ng mie'n nui
Nam : l o nam nhin ll;'li va nhiing van de ra [Sustain able development in
the uplands of Vie lna1n: A te n-year revie\v of persisting issues]. H a N<?i: Nha
xuat ban Nong ngh i?p.
Kue, Naolue Taylor. 2000 . A Hmong Church History. TI1orlon: TI1e H mong Dis trict
of the Christian and M issionar y Alliance.
Kunreu ther, Lau ra. 2006. "Technologies of th e Voice: FM Radio, Telephone, and
the Nepali Diasp ora in Ka tlunandu." Cultural Anthropology 21(3): 323- 53.
Kunslad ter, Peter. 2004. "Hn1on g Marriage Pa tterns in TI1ailand in Relation lo
Social C hange." In The Hmong/Miao in Asia, ed. Nicholas Tapp. C hiang Mai:
Silk,vonn Books.
La1nbek, Michae l. 2002. "In troduc tion." In A Reader in the An thropology of Reli -
gion , ed. Michael Lan1bek, 1- 18. Oxford: Black\<\ell Publish ing.
Lanlernari, Vittorio. 1963. The Religion ofthe Oppressed: A Study ofModern Mes-
sianic Cults. Trans. Lisa Sergio. Ne"'' York: Knopf.
Le, Tr9ng Cu..: and A. Terry Rambo. 2001. Bright Peaks, Dark Valleys: A Compara-
tive Analysis of Environmental and Social Conditions and Development Trends
in Five Communities in Northern A1ountain Region . Hanoi: TI1e
Nat ional Political Publishi ng House.

REFERE NCES
Lee, Gary Yia. 2008 [2000). "TI1e H 1nong Rebellion in Laos: Victims ofTolalilari-
anism or Terrorists?" Indigenous Affairs 4. Upda ted version available al W\VVI'
.garyyialee.com/ (accessed January 23, 2011).
- - -. 1996. "Cullural ldenlily in Post-Modern Socie ty: Reflection on Whal Is
Hn1ong." Hmong Studies Journal 1(1): 1- 14.
- -. 1988. "Household and Marriage in a TI1ai Highland Society." Journal of the
Siam Society (76): 162- 73.
- - -. 198?- "Ethnic Minorities and National-Building in Laos: lhe H1nong in Lhe
Lao Stale." Peninsule 11/12: 215-32.
Leepree..:ha, Prasil. 2008. "TI1e Role of Media Te..:hnology in Reproducing Hmong
Ethnic Idenlily." In Living in a Globalized \tVorld: Ethnic Minorities in the
Greater Mekong Subregion, ed. Don McCaskill el al., 89- 113. Chiang Mai:
Mekong Press.
- - -. 2001. "Kinship and Idenlily a1n ong Hn1ong in TI1ailand." PhD diss., Un i-
versity of Washington.
Le111oine, Jacques. 1983. Kr'ua Ke: Showing the Way. Trans. Kenneth While. Bang-
kok: Pandora.
Lenin, Vladin1ir. 1920. Our Foreign and Domestic Position and Party Tasks.
Mos..:o\v.
Lenlz, Christian C. 2014. "Cullivaling Subje..:ls: Opiun1 Regi111es from Colony
lo Nation in Vietnam." Paper presen ted al Lhe Association for Asian Studies
Annual Meeting, Ph iladelphi a, Mar..:h 29, 2014.
- - -. 2011. "Making lhe Norlh\\esl Vielna1nese." Journal of Vietnamese Studies
6(2): 68- 105.
Leonard, Karen I., Alex Slepick, Manuel A. Vasquez, and Jennifer Holdaway. 2005.
Immigrant Faiths: Transforming Religious Life in America. Ne\v York: Alla1nira
Press.
Levill, Peggy. 2007- God Needs No Passport: Immigrants and the Changing Ameri-
can Religious Landscape. Ne'v York: TI1e Ne'v Press.
- - -. 2003. "'You Kno\\' Abraha1n Was Really lhe Firsl Migran t': Transna tional
Migration and Religion." International Migration Review 37(3): 847- 73.
- - -. 2002. "Migration and Religion in Transna tional Perspe..:live." In Transna-
tional Religion, Migration, and Diversity. lnlern alional Migration Progra1n,
Social S..:ien..:e Resear..:h Coun..:il, Ne\\' York. Accessed October 8, 2010. hllp://
\\'\V\V. ssr..:.o rg/ pro grains/ in Lin igra Lion/ pro due Lions/ Iran sna Liona !_Religion_

and_M igralion_docu1nen l. pdf.

- - -. 1999. "So..:ial Re111illances: A Lo..:al Level, tvligralion-D riven Form of Cul-
lural Defusion." International Migration Review 32(124): 926- 49.
Levill, Peggy and B. Nadya Ja\\orsky. 2007- "Tran snational Migration Studies: Pasl
Developments and Fu Lure Trends." Annual Review of Sociology 33: 129- 56.
Le\vis, James. 2002. "TI1e Evangeli..:al Religious Moven1enl a1nong lhe Hine E of
Northern Vielna1n and lhe Govern ment Response lo IL: 1989-2000." Cross-
roads: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 16(1): 226- 62.

190 REFERENCES
Lin Lon, Ralph. 194l "Nalivisli..: Move1nenls." American Anthropologist 45: 230- 40.
Lukens, Carol. 2008. "Conversion or Inlegralion: Religion and H mong In1n1 i-
granls." In Looking Back, Stepping Forward: The Hm ong People. TI1e DC Everesl
Oral History Project Weslon: DC Everesl Area Schools.
Luong, Hy Van. 1993. "E..:ono1n i..: Reform and Lhe Inlensifi..:alion of Rituals in Tv10
Nor lit Vielnan1ese \fillages, 1980- 90." In The Challenge of Reform in Indochina,
ed. Borje Ljunggren, 259-91. Cambridge: Harvard Inslilule for lnlerna lional
Develop1nenl.
Ly1nann, TI101nas Amis. 2004. "A Nole on Lhe Elh no-Sen1anli..:s of Proverb Usage
in Mong Njua (Green Hn1ong)." In The Hm ong/A1iao in Asia, ed. Ni.:holas
Tapp el al., 167- 78. Chiang Mai: Silk\vonn Books.
- -. 1974 Dictionary of Mong Njua, a Miao (Meo) Language of Southeast Asia.
TI1e Hague: Moulon.
tvla Van Khang. 198} Vung bien di [TI1e border region]. Ha N9i: Nha xual ba n
Cong an Nhan clan.
Madsen, Ri..:hard. 2010. "TI1e Upsurge of Religion in C hina." Journal of Democracy,
21( 4): 58- 71.
- -. 1998. Catholics: Tragedy and Hope in an Emerging Civil Society
Berkeley: Un iversil y of California Press, 1998.
Malarney, Shaun. 2002. Culture, Ritual and Revolution in Vietnam. Hono lulu:
Un iversity of Hav.ai' i Press.
- -. 1996. "TI1e Li1n ils of 'Stale Funclionalism' and lhe Re..:onslru..:lion of
Funerary Ri lual in Conlen1porary No rlhern Viel Na1n ." American Ethnologist
23(3): 540- 60.
Marx, Karl. 2005 (1852 ). The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte. Nev. York:
Mondial.
M..:A lisler, Jo hn T. Jr. 1967- "Mountain Minorities and Lhe Viel Minh: A Key lo Lhe
Indochina War." In Southeast Asian Tribes, J\1inorities, and Nations, ed. Peler
Kunsladler, 771- 844. Pri n..:elon: Prin..:elon Un iversity Press.
Meyer, Birgit. 2010. '"TI1ere Is a Spiril in lhal lin age': 'Mass -P rodu..:ed Jesus Pic-
tures and Pro leslanl-Penlecoslal Ani1nalion in Ghana." Comparative Studies in
Society and History 52(1): 100- 30.
- -. 2008. "Religious Sensalions. Why tvledi a, Aeslhelics and Power Maller in
lhe Study of Conle1nporary Religion." In Religion: Beyond a Concept, Henl de
Vries, ed. 704-2} New York: Fordh a1n Universi ly Press.
- -. 2006. "Impossible Represenlalions: Pe nle..:oslalis1n, Vision, and Video
Te..:hnology in Ghana." In Religion, Media and the Public Sphere, ed. Birgit
Meyer and Annelies Moors, 290-312. Bloo1ninglon : Indiana University Press.
- -. 2003. "Visions of Blood, Sex and Money: Fantasy Spa..:es in Popular Gha-
na ian Cinen1a." Visual Anthropology 16( 1): 15- 41.
- -. 1999 Translating the Devil: Religion and Modernity among the in
Ghana. Edinburgh: Edinburgh Universil y Press.
- -. 1998. "'Make a Complete Break \vilh lhe Pas t': Me1nory and Posl-..:olonial

REFERENCES 191
 Modern ity in Ghan aian Penle..:oslalist Discourse." Journal of Religion in Africa
27(3): 316- 49.
- - -. 1996. "Mode rnity and Enchantn1enl: TI1e linage of Lhe Devil in Popular
African Chrislianily." In Conversion to Modernities: The Globalization of Chris-
tianity, ed. Pe ter van der Veer, 199- 230. Ne" ' York: Routledge.
Meyer, Birgit and Annelies Moors. 2006. Religion, Media and the Public Sphere.
Bloomington: Ind ian a Un iversil y Press.
Merrill, VVillian1 L. 199} "Conversion and Colon ialisn1 in Northern Mexico: TI1e
Tarahu1nara Resp on se lo Lhe Jesuit Mission Progra1n 1601- 1767-'' In Conversion
to Christianity: Historical and Anthropological Perspectives on a Great Transfor-
ma.tion, ed. Roberl W. Hefner, 129- 63. Berkeley: Un iversity of California Press.
M iyazaki, Hi rokazu. 2003. "TI1e Te1nporalities of Lhe Markel." American Anthro-
pologist 105(2): 255- 65.
M ichaud, Jean. 2010. "Zo1nia and Beyond." Journal of Global History (5): 187- 214.
- -. 2006. Historical Dictionary of the Peoples of the Southeast Asian Massif
Lan ham: S..:arec.:row Press.
- - -. 2004. "French Missionary Expansion in Colon ial Uppe r Tonkin." Journal
of Southeast Asian Studies 35(2): 287- 310.
- - -. 2000. "A Hislori..:al Panorama of the Montagnards in Northern Vietnam
under Frendi Rule." In Turbulent Times and Enduring Peoples: Mountain Minori-
ties in the South -East Asian Massif, ed. Jean Michaud, 51-78. Ridunond: Curzon.
- - -. 1997- "From Soulh"esl Ch ina inlo Upper Indo..:hina: An Overview of
Hn1ong (Miao) Migrations." Asia Pacific Vie wpoint. 32(2):119- 30.
Mollin, Jean. 1980. History of the Hm ong. Bangkok: Odeon Store.
Moua, Vayong. 1995. "H1nong Ch ristianity: Conversion, Consequence and Con-
flict" In Hmong Electronical Resources Project. A..:cessed June 5, 2006. hllp://
" '\V\v.m iao u pg. ..:0111/lun ong.h tin.
Ngo, Tam T. T. 2010. "Ethnic and Trans na tional Dimensions of Re..:enl Pro testan t
Conversion among the H1nong in Nor thern Vietnam." Social Compass. 57(3):
322- 44.
- - -. 2009. "TI1e Shorl-Waved Faith: Christi an Broad..:asli ngs and Lhe Trans-
forn1a lion of Lhe Spiritual Lands..:ape of the H1nong in Nor thern Vietnan1."
In Mediated Piety: Technology and Religion in Contemporary Asia, ed. K. G.
Fran c.:is Li1n, 139- 58. Leiden : Brill.
Ngo, Ta1n T. T and Hue Tan1 Ho-Tai. 2013. "Myth, H istor y and Co1n1nunily in
the Cu ll of Ho Chi M inh ." Paper presented al Lhe Internationa l Conference on
Re1naking Com1nunal Festivals and Social Boundaries in Socialisl/Post -So..:ial-
ist So..:ielies, H KUST, De..:en1ber 16- 17, 2013.
Anh Ng9c. 1989. "Nh ung van de l)' vii th\lc ct'la ..:ong La..: dinh
..:anh dinh cu:" [TI1eorelical and practi..:al issues of fixed ..:ullivation and fixed
sellle1nenl] . Tli!P chi Dan toe h9c 2(3): 75- 95.
Van 200? Ambiguity of Identity: The Mieu in North Vietnam . Chi-
ang Mai: Silk"orm Books.

192 RE F E RENC ES
Nguyen Van Van 2008. "Tinh than ..:hong Phap cua cac dan ti;ic Lao Cai qua 1n 9 t
so cau ca" [Anti-French spi rits of ethn ic n1 inorities in Lao Cai reflected in a
nu1n ber of so ngs and folk-songs]. Accessed January 24, 2011. ht tp://egov.laoca i
.gov.vn/ ti n1 h ieulaocai/van hoa the tha o/van ho en gh e th ua t/ n ghien cuu Iyluan
/Trang/634046198026944190.aspx.
Nguyen Xuan Ye111. 1991. "Hay hiEu dung ve ngl!o i H n1ong" [Please understand
the H mon g correctly]. Nhiin Dan, April 21, 1991.
Ong, Aihwa. 2oo:i. Buddha is Hiding: Refugees, Citizen ship, and the New America.
Berkeley: Un iversi ty of Califor nia Press.
Ovesen, Jan. 1995. "A M inority En ters the Na tion States: A Case Study of a H 1nong
Con11n un ity in Vientiane Province, Laos." Uppsala Research Reports in Cultural
Anthropology 14: 1- 95.
Pahn er, David. 2007. Qigong Fever: Body, Science, and Utopia in China. Ne\v York:
Colu1nb ia Universi ty Press.
Peacock, Ja1n es L. 200 1. The Anthropological Lens: Harsh Light, Soft Focus. 2nd ed.
Ca111bridge: Ca1n bridge University Press.
Pelk111 an s, Ma th ijs. 2009. Conversion after Socialism : Disruption, Modernisms and
Technologies of Faith in the Former Soviet Union . Oxford: Berghahn Books.
Peel, J. D. Y 1968. Aladura: A Religious Movement among the Yoruba: London:
Oxford Un iversi ty Press.
Pelley, Patric ia. 1998. "'Barbarian s' and 'Younger Broth ers': TI1e Remaking of Race
in Postcolonial Vietnam." journal of Southeast Asian Studies 29: 374- 91.
Pels, P. ). 1997- "TI1e Anthropology of Colonialisn1: Culture, H istory an d the
E1nergence of Wes ter n Gove r nm en tali ty." Annual Review of Anthropology 26:
163- 83.
Pels, Pe ter and Oscar Salem ink. 1999. Colonial Subjects: Essays on the Practical His -
tory of Anthropology. Ann Arbor: Un iversity of Michigan Press.
Phan1, Quang Hoan. 1995. "TI1e Role of Tradi ti onal Social Institutions in Com-
mun ity Man agen1en t of Resou rces an1ong the H mong in Vietnam." East-v\fest
Center Indochina Series Working Papers, No. 5.
Phan H uu 1998. "M(lt soy kien ve bao ton, lam giau vii phat trie'n ba n
va n h6a cac dan ti;ic n l!c1c ta" [So111e vie'NS on preserving, enrichi ng and devel-
oping cultural identities of ethn ic 111inorities in our country]. In Mt?t s6 van de
ve diin tt?c hoc Viet Nam [So111e issues on eth nology in Vie tn a111], ed. Phan Hltu
Ha Ni;ii: N ha xuat ban D\\i h9c Quoc gia.
Pollard, San1uel. 1921. Tight Corners in China. London: Andrew Crombie.
- -. 1919. The Story of the Miao . London: Henr y Books.
Procacci, Giovan na. 1991. "Soda! Econo1ny and the Govern men t of Poverty." In
The Foucault Effect: Studies in Governmentality with Tlvo Lectures by and an
Interview with J\1ichel Foucault, ed. Grahan1 Bu rchell, Colin Gordon , and Peter
Miller, 151- 68. London: Harvester W hea tsheaf.
Q uij ada, Justine Buck. 2009. "Op eni ng th e Roads: His tory and Reli gion in Post-
Soviet Burya tia." Ph D d iss., Un iversity of Chicago.

REFERE N C E S 193
Quinn-judge, Sophie. 2002. Ho Chi Minh: The Missing Years: 1919 - 19 41. Berkeley:
Un iversity of California Press.
Rafae l, Vi..:enle L. 1988. Contracting Colonialism: Translation and Christian Con-
version in Tagalog Society under Early Spanish R ule. Durham: Duke Un iversity
Press.
Ra111bo, Lev1is R. 199} Understanding Religiou s Conversion . Ne \\' Haven: Ya le
Un iversity Press.
Rapin, Ami-ja..:ques. 2003. Ethnic Minorities, Drug Uses and Harm in the High -
lands of Northern Vietnam: A Contextual Analysis of the Situation in Six Com -
munes from Son La, Lai Chau, and Lao Cai . Un ited Na tion Offi..:e on Drugs
and Crin1e. Ha N9i: Nha xuat b an TI1e gioi. Accessed o n June 12, 2008. h ttp://
\\' \ V\V. unod..:.org/ p df/ vi e Ln a111/ vie tnan1_ eth n i..:_ 111 ino ri l ies_repo r l. pdf.

Rappapor t, Roy A. 1994. "Disorders of Ou r Own: A Con..:lusion." In Diagnosing

America, ed. Shepard Fonn an, 235- 94. An n Arbor: Un iversity of Mi..:higan
Press.
Robbins, Joel. 2007- "Continuil y TI1in king and the Proble111 of C hristian Culture:
Belief, Ti111e, and the Anth ropology of Ch ristian ity." Current Anthropology 48:
5-38.
- - -. 2004. Becoming Sinners: Christianity and Moral Torment in a Papua New
Guinea Society. Berkeley: Un iversity of California. Press.
Robinson, W. C. 1998. Terms of Refugees: The Indochinese Exodus and the Interna-
tional Respon se. London: Zed Books.
Rosaldo, Re na to. 200} Cultural Citizenship in Island Southeast Asia; Nation and
Belonging in the Hinterlands. Berkeley: Un iversity of California Press.
- - -. 1989 Culture and Truth : The Remaking ofSocial Analysis. Boston: Bea..:on
Press.
Sale111 ink, Os..:ar. 2009. "ls Pro tes tant Conversion a Form of Pro les t? Urban and
Upland Protestants in Southeast Asia." In Chri stianity and the State in Asia:
Complicity and Conflict, ed. Julius Bautista and Francis Khek Gee Lin1. Nevi
York: Rou tledge.
- -. 2003a. The Ethnography of Central H ighlanders: A Historical
Contextualization, 1850 - 1990. London: RoutledgeCurzo n.
- - -. 2003b. "Enclosing the Highlands: So..:ialist, Capitalist and Protestant Con-
versions of Vie lna111ese Highland ers." A..:..:essed Septe111ber 10, 2006. http ://dl..:
.dlib. indiana. edu/ar..:hive/ 00001142/.
Savina, F. M . 1924. Histoire des Miao. Paris: Sociris des Missions Elrangeres.
S..:anne ll, Paddy. 1992. Broadcast Talk. London: Sage Pub li..:a tions.
S..:hein, Louisa. 200? "Sou ls, Labor, Landscapes and Loves: Hn1 ong A111eri..:an
Transnationa l Q uests." Paper presented al conference, "Religion, Eth n icity and
Nation -Stales in a Globa lizing World;' Vrije Un iversileil A111slerdam, June 7- 8.
- - -. 2004a. "Hon1eland Beauty: Transna tio na l Longing and H111ong An1eri..:an
Video." journal of Asian Studies 63(2): 433- 63.
- - -. 2004b. "H111ong!Miao Transna tio na lity: Iden ti ty beyond Culture." In The

194 RE F E RENC ES
 Hmong/Miao in Asia, ed. Ni.J1olas Tapp el al., 27:J- 90. Chiang J\tlai: Silkwonn
Books.
- -. 2002. "Mappi ng H mong Media in Diasporic Space." In Media Worlds:
Anthropology on New Terrain, ed. Faye Ginsburg, Lila Abu-Lughod, and Brian
Larkin, 229- 44. Berkeley: Universily of California Press.
- -. 2000 . 1\1inority Rules: The M iao and the Feminine in Cultural Poli-
tics. Durhan1: Duke Universily Press.
- -. 1999a. "Diaspora Polilics, Ho1neland Eroli..:s and lhe Malerializing of
Me1nory." Positions: East Asia Cultures Critique 7(3): 697- 729.
- -. 1999b. "Of Ca rgo and Salelliles: !Jnagined Cos1n opolilanis1n." Postcolonial
Studies 2(3): 345- 75.
- -. 1998. "!Jnporli ng Miao Brethre n lo H 1nong A1nerica: A Nol So Slaleless
Transnalion alis1n." In Cosmopolitics: Thinking and Feeling Beyond the Nation,
ed. Pheng Cheah and Bruce Robbins, 163- 91. Minneapolis: Un iversily of M in -
neso la Press.
- -. 1997- "Gender and In ternal O rie nla lisn1 in China." Modern China 23(1):
69- 98.
S..:oll, James C. 2009. The Art ofNot Being Governed: An Anarchist History of
Upland Southeast Asia. Nevi Haven: Ya le University Press.
Seigel, Taggart and D \<\ighl Conquergood. 1985. Between Two Worlds: The Hmong
Shaman In America. Do..:un1enlary. [Por lla nd ): Colle..:live Eye.
Shu r, Vang Vangyi. 1986. "H n1ong En1ployn1enl and Welfare Depend ency." In The
Hmong in Transition, ed. Glenn L. He ndri..:ks, Bruce T. Do\vning, and A1nos S.
Deinard, 192- 96. New York: TI1e Cenler fo r M igration Sludies of Ne\v York.
S1nalley, Willia1n A., Chi a Koua Vang, and Gni a Yee Yang. 1990. Mother of Writing:
The Origin and Development of a Hmong Messianic Script. Chicago: Un iversily
of Chicago Press.
S1nilh-Hefn er, Nancy. 1994 "Elh nicily and lhe For..:e of Failh: Chrislian Conver-
sion among Kinner Refugees." Anthropological Quarterly 67(1): 24- 38.
Spilulni k, Debra. 2002. "Mobile Machin es and Fluid Audie nces: Re thin king
Re..:eplion through Za1nbian Radio Cullure." In Media Worlds: Anthropology on
Terrain, ed . Faye G insb urg, Lila Abu-Lughod, and Brian Larkin, 337- 54.
Berkeley: Un iversi l y of Californ ia Press.
- -. 2000. "Documenting Radio Cullure as Lived Expe rien..:e: Rece plion Slud-
ies and lhe Mob ile Ma..:hine in Zan1bia." In African Broadcast Cultures: Radio
in Transition, ed. R. Fardon and G. Furniss, 144- 6} Oxford: jan1es Currey.
Spyer, Palricia. 1996. "Serial Conversion/Conversion lo Serialily: Re ligion, Slale, and
Nu1nber in Aru, Easlern Indonesia." In Conversion to Modernities: The Globaliza-
tion ofChristianity, ed. Pel er Van Der Veer, 171- 98. New York: Roulledge.
Slark, Rodney. 1997. "Bri nging TI1eo ry Ba..:k in." In Assessing Rational Choice Theo-
ries of Religion , ed. L. A. Yo ung, 3- 23. Ne\v York: Routledge.
Slark, Rodne y and W. S. Bainbr idge. 1987. A Theory of Religion . Ne \v York: Peler
Lang.

REFERE NCES 195

Sleedly, Mar ry. 199:J. Hanging without a Rope: Narrative Experience in Colonial and
Postcolonial Karoland. Pri nceton : P ri n..:elon Unive rsity Press.
Sle rne, Jona lhan. The A udible Past: Cultu ral O rigin s of Sound Reproduction.
Du rh an1: Duke U niversily Press.
Sloul, Daniel, and Judith Budde nb aum. i996. Religion and Mass Media: A udiences
and Adaptations. London : Sage Publicalio n s.
Slreib, H. el al. 2009. Deconversion: Qualitative and Quantitative Results f rom
Cross -Cultural Research in Germany and the United States of A merica. Resear..:h
in Contempo rary Religion, 5. Go lli ngen: Vande nhoeck & Ruprechl.
S\vinkels, Rob a nd C ar rie Turk. 2006. "Explai ning Elhnic J\tlinorily Pove rty in
Vietnam: A Su mm ary of Re..:enl Trends and Cur renl C halle nges." Paper fo r
CEM/ MP! M ee ti ng o n Ethnic J\tli norily Pove rty, H anoi, Seple1nber 28.
Sy1nonds, Palri..: ia. 200 4. Calling in the Soul: Gender and the Cycle of Life in a
Hmong Village. Seallle: Unive rsi ly of Washinglo n Press.
Tapp, N i..:holas. 2010. The Im possibility of Self A n Essay on the Hmong Diaspora.
Berlin: Lil Verlag.
- - -. 2006. "A Trip lo Vie lnan1." Thai - Yunnan Project Bulletin T 1- 4.
- - -. 2002. "H mong Confucian E lhi..:s and Conslru..:lio n s of lhe Pasl." In
Cultu ral C risis and Social Memory: J\1odernity and Identity in Thailand
and Laos, ed . Sh igeharu Tanabe an d C harles F. Keyes, 95- 110. Ne\v York:
Roulled geCurzon.
- - -. 2001. The Hmong ofChina: Context, Agency, and the Imaginary. Leide n:
Sin i..:a Le idensia.
- -. 1989a. "H1n ong Religio n ." Asian Folklore Studies 48: 59- 9 4.
- - -. 1989b. "TI1 e In1pa..:l of M issio nary C h ris lian ily U pon Marginalized Elhni..:
M ino rilies: TI1e Case of lhe H n1o n g." journal of Southeast Asian Studies 20(1):
70 - 95.
- -. 1989..:. Sovereignty and Rebellion: The White Hmong of Northern Thailand.
Soulh-Easl Asian So..:ial Science M onographs. Singapore: Oxford Uni ve rsity
P ress.
Taylor, P hilip. 2008. "Minorities al Large: Ne"'' Approaches lo J\tli norily E lh n icily
in Vielna1n." journal of Vietnamese Studies 3(3): 3- 43.
Te r H aar, Ba rend ). 1992. The \.Yhite Lotus Teachings in Chinese Religious Histo ry.
H onolulu: Unive rsity of Ha\<\ai' i Press.
TI1oj, Va -J\tlegn. 200 2. Slaughtered in H ugo. Do..:u n1 e nlary. SL Paul: Froglo \vn
Media P rodu..: lions.
Tin h uy Lao C ai [Lao Cai People's Con11nillee]. 200 4. "Nglfcri Mo ng Lao Cai va
m{>l so giai phap, kien ngh i, ve xay d !,!ng dcri song van h6a vu ng dong bao
Mo ng nay" [TI1e H n1ong of Lao Cai and son1e solulio n s and proposals for
building socio -..:u llu ral life in H1nong areas ]. In Van h6a cac dan tqc Tay Bae:
Th \fC trli!ng va nhiing van de ra [TI1e ..:uilu res of elh nic 1n inorilies in lhe
Norllnvesl region: Fa..:ls and issues], ed. Tran Yan Binh, 310 - 28. H a N{>i: Nha
xual ba n Chin h lri Quo..: gia.

RE F E RENC E S
To Hoai. 1952. Vq Chong A Phu (TI1e A Phus]. Ha N{>i: N ha xual ban Van h9..:.
Tran H ltu Son. 1996. Van h6a Hmong [Hmong Cullure). Ha N{>i: N ha xual ban
Van h6a Dan L{>..:.
Tsing, Anna Lo'Aenhaupl. 1993. In the Realm of the Diamond Queen: Marginality
in an Out-of-the-\!Vay Place. Prin..:e lon: P rin..:elon University Press.
Tu..:k, Palri..:k J.N . 198? French Catholic Missionaries and the Politics of Imperialism
in Vietnam, 1857- 1914: A Documentary Survey. Liverpool: Liverpoo l Universily
Press.
Turner, Vi..: Lor. 1969. The Ritual Process: Structure and Anti-Structure. TI1e Le'Ais
Henry Morgan Le..:Lures. Lo ndon: Routle dge & K. Paul.
- -. 196? The Forest of Symbols: Aspects of Ndembu Ritual. llha..:a: Cornell
Un iversily Press.
UBND Lin h Lao Cai (Ban Dan L{>..:). 200? Bao cao ve sap xep dan dan di cu
do va tinh hinh ho(J.t dqng cua cac ton giao tren dia ban t{nh Lao Cai [Rep orl on
lhe Lask of p opulalion selllen1en l, free-n1igraling populalions and lhe silualion
and pra..:li..:e of religio ns in Lao Cai provin..:e ). Lao Cai: UB N D linh Lao Cai
(Ban Dan L{>..:).
United Stales Census Bureau. 2009. "Selected Population Profile in lhe Uniled
Stales: Hmong Alone or in Any Con1binalion. A1neri..:an Co1n1nunily Survey
1-Year Esli111ales." A..:..:essed January 6, 2011. hllp://hm ongsludies.o rg/H111on-
gACS2008. pdf.
van der Veer, Peler. 2005. "Afler'Aord: G lobal Conversions." In Mixed Messages:
Materiality, Textuality, and Missions, ed. Ja111ie S. S..:oll and Garelh Grillilhs,
221- 3:i. New York: Palgrave Ma..:Millan.
- -. 2002. "Tran snatio n al Religion: Hi ndu and Muslim Movements." Global
Networks 2(2): 95- 109.
- -. 2001. Imperi al Encounters: Religion, Nation, and Empire. P rincelo n : Prin..:-
elon University Press.
- -. 1996. "Inlrodu..:Lion:' In Conversion to Modernities: The Globalization of
Christianity, ed . Peler van der Veer, 1- 22. New York: Rou tledge.
- -. 1993. "TI1e Foreign H and: Orienlalisl Dis..:ourse in Sociology and Com-
1nunalisn1." In Orienta/ism and The Post-Colonial Predicament: Perspectives on
South Asia, ed. C. Breckenridge and Peler van der Veer. 23- 45. P hiladelphia:
Universily of Pennsylvania P ress.
Vang, C . 2008. H mong in Minnesota. SL Pa ul: Minneso ta Hislorical So..:iely
Press.
Vang, C hia Youyee. 2009. "H1nong Anli-Con11n uni sm al Ho1ne and Abroad." In
Anti-Communist Minorities in the U.S.: Political Activism of Eth nic Refugees, ed.
Ieva Sake, 211- 31. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Vang, Mayli. 2003. "Ari and Re ligion in our Living Cullure." Pa) Ntaub Voice: A
Jo urnal Giving Expression to Hmong Voices 8(2): 11.
Vang, Ti1110Lhy. 2000. The History of a People Movement. TI1ornlon: TI1e H n1ong
Dislric l of Lhe C h rislian and Missionary A llian..:e.

REFERENCES 197
- - . 1998. "Coining a Full C ircle: H istorical Analysis of the H111ong Church
Gro>Ath, 1950-1998." PhD diss., Fuller TI1eo logic.:al Seminary.
Vasquez, M anuel A. 1999. "To>Aard a Ne>A' Age nda for the Study of Religion in the
A111eric.:as." journal of Interamerican Studies and \tVorld Affairs 41(4): 1- 20.
Vu, ) u:crng Luan. 2014. "TI1e Politic.:s of Fron tier Mining: Lo..:al Chieftains, Chinese
Miners, and Upland Society in the Nong Van Van Uprising in the Sino -
Vielnamese Border A rea (1833- 1835)." Cross-Currents: East Asian History and
Culture Review, no. 11 (June): 31-58.
Vu Ng9c.: Ky. 1999. "Ho(ll a (l ng Phi C1 Ha G iang tro ng kho ng ..:hien c.:h6ng th t,I..:
clan Phap [An ti-Phi \vork in Ha G iang during the resislan c.:e against the French
..:olonialists)." In Quan va dan Tay Bae voi chien thang Bien Ph u [Norlh-
>Aestern soldie rs and peo ple and the success of Di?n Bien Phu ]. Ha N(li: Nha
xuat ba n Q uan d(l i.
Vu:ong, Duy Quang. 2005. Van h6a tam linh cua ngitoi Hm ong o Nam: Truyen
thong va tai [TI1e spiritua l c.:ullure of the Hmo ng in Vietnam: Tradition
and 111odernity]. H a N(li: Nha xu al ban Van hoa-TI1o ng lin and Vi?n Yan h6a.
- - - . 2004. "TI1e Hn1ong and Forest Management in No r thern Vielnan1." In The
Hm ong/A1iao in Asia, ed. Nicholas Tapp, jean Michaud, C hristian C ulas, and
Gary Yia Lee. C hi ang Mai: Silk,vorn1 Books.
- - - . 1998. "Y kien c.:ua 111<'.) t c.:an b9 ngu:cri H111ong ve van ae ngu:oi Hln o ng theo
O(IO hi?n n ay" [Opin ion among H111ong cadres abo ut the issue of H 1n ong ..:on-
version ]. In Nhiing van de lien quan den tridng "'Vang Chu" [Issue s relat-
ing lo the "Vang C h (c'' phenomeno n ], ed. Vi?n Nghien c.:d:u Ton giao. Hano i:
Vi?n Nghien c.:d:u Ton giao.
- - - . 1997- "Traditional Soc.:ial Relatio ns of the Hmo ng E th n ic.: Group and the
Questions of Pro tecting and Developing Forest in Mountainous Areas of
North Vietna111." Institu te for Religio us Studies, Ha noi.
V u:crng, Xuan T inh. 2002. "Looking fo r Food: TI1 e D iffic.:ult Journey of th e
Hn1ong in Vielna111 (Ant hro po logical Perspe..:lives o n Food Se..:urity)."
Unpublis hed paper. Ac.:c.:essed June 20, 2006. h llp ://di gital.librar y.wisc.:.
edu/1793/23092.
V u:ong, Xuan Tinh and Peter Hjen1dahl. 1996. "A Study of Hn1ong and Dao Land
Mana gement and Land Tenure, Na111 Ty Comn1une, Hoang Su Phi Distric.:l, Ha
Giang Provin c.:e, Vielnan1." Vietnam-Sweden Mo un tain Rura l, H anoi.
Wagner, J\ilelind a Bollar. 1997- "TI1e Study of Religion in Ame ri..:an So..:iet y." In
Anthropology of Religion: A Handbook, ed . Stephen D. Glazier, 85-101. v\Tesl-
por t: Green>Aood Press.
Walker, Anthony R. 2003. Merit and the Millennium: Routine and Crisis in the
Ritual Lives of the Lah u People. Ne\v Delhi: Hindus tan.
Walla..:e, Anthony F. C. 1956. "Revitalization Movemen ts." American Anthropologist
58(2): 264-81.
Warner, R. 1995. Backfire: The Secret War in Laos and Its Link to the \iVar in
Vietnam. Ne'v Yo rk: Sin1on and Sc.:husler.

RE F ER ENC ES
Wa ll, H ilary. 2008. "TI1e Power of the Sp oken Word in Defi n ing Religion and
TI1oughl: A Case Study." Hm ong Studies Journal 9: 1- 25.
Weber, Marx. 1947. The Theory of Social and Economic Organization . Tran s. A. M.
Henderson and Tal..:oll Parsons. Ne'v York: TI1e Free Press.
Weber, San1uel. 2001. "Religion, Repe ti tion , and Media." In Religion and Media, ed.
Hen l De Vries and Sa1nuel Weber, 3- 42. Stanford: Stanford Un iversity Press.
W inland, Daphne N . 1994. "Chrislian ily and Con11nunily: Conversion and Adap-
tation among H1nong Refugee Wo1n en." Canadian Journal of Sociology 19(1):
21- 41.
- -. 1992. "TI1e Role of Religious Affi liation in Refu gee Reseltle1n enl: TI1e Case
of Lhe H mong." Canadian Ethnic Studies 24: 96- 119.
Weid1nan, A1nanda J. 2006. Singing the Classical, Voicing the Modern : The Postco -
lonial Politics of Music in South India. Durha1n : Duke Un iversity Press.
Wes lwood, Sallie and An nie Phiza..:klea. 2000. "Introdu..: Lion." In Trans -national-
ism and the Politics of Belonging, ed. Sallie Wes l\<\ood and Annie Phiza..:klea,
1- 16. Ne'v York: Rou tledge.
W inro..:k lnler na lional. 1996. "Elhni..: M inorities in Vietna1n: A Country Profi le."
Developn1ent progra1n prepared for Lhe World Bank by Winro..:k Intern ational,
Hanoi, O..:tober.
Woodside, Alexander. 1971. Vietnam and the Chinese A1odel. Ca1n bridge: Harvard
Un iversity Press.
World Bank. 2009. Country Social Analysis: Ethnicity and Development in Viet-
nam. Hanoi: TI1e vVorld Bank.
Worsley, Pe ter. 1968. The Trumpet Shall Sound: A Study of "Cargo" Cults in Melane-
sia. 2nd ed. Ne'v York: Scho..:ken Books.
Yang, Kaoly. 2005. "Crili..:ism on Bride Pri..:e." A..:..:essed Ju ly 20, 2009. hl tp :// \<\'W\V
.h n1 ong..:on ten1po ra ryissu es.<:.om / ar<:.h ives/ C ri l iqu eB rideP r i..:eo605.h tm l.
Zake, leva. 2009. Anti-Communist Minorities in the U.S.: Political Activism ofEth -
nic Refugees. New York: Palgrave Ma..:millan.

REFERE NCES 199