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The Effect of Rolling Direction to the Tensile

Properties of AA5083 Specimen

Chapter May 2015

DOI: 10.1007/978-981-287-290-6_67

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 The Effect of Rolling Direction to the Tensile
Properties of AA5083 Specimen
Latifah Mohd Najib1, Anizahyati Alisibramulisi1,2, Norliyati Mohd Amin1,2,
Ilyani Akmar Abu Bakar1 and Sulaiman Hasim1
Faculty of Civil Engineering1,
Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM),
40450 Shah Alam, Selangor
Institute for Infrastructure Engineering and Sustainable
Management (IIESM)2,
Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM),
40450 Shah Alam, Selangor
Abstract Tensile tests are commonly used to provide
information on the tensile properties of materials. However,
limited tests have been done on the orientation angles of material
for the same properties. Thus, the present paper discusses the
effect of three different angles to the tensile properties of
aluminium alloy AA5083 dog-bone specimens based on the
original rolling direction. For this purpose, the angles chosen and
tested were 0 o, 45 o and 90o. It is found that, as the orientation
angle increases, the ultimate tensile strength also increases. In
contrast, the Youngs Modulus decreases as the angle increases.
It is also observed that the material is much more ductile when
the work hardening increases. Thus, the rolling directions give a
significant effect on the tensile properties of AA5083 specimens
tested.
Keywords rolling ditection; tensile properties; AA5083; angle
orientation
I. INTRODUCTION
Aluminium 5083 is a strong magnesium-manganese-
chromium-aluminium alloy. It can be hardened by cold work
but it cannot be heat treated for higher strength. Its ductility is
better than most other 5000 series alloys [1]. The AA5083 can
be used as plate alloy in marine application or structural
component in transportation application.
During the rolling process to produce metals in plate or
sheet form, there are several factors that can be considered in
the rolling direction, such as the subsequent annealing and the
grains of microstructure and macrostructure, as it becomes
elongated when it rolls. Based on the rolling direction, a
preferred crystallographic (texture) of orientation can be
developed which causes variation of properties due to its
direction [2]. However, limited tests have been done on the
orientation angles of material. Thus, this study investigates the
effect of rolling direction to the tensile properties of AA5083
plate specimen.
II. EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM
The tensile specimens used in this study are an aluminium
alloy series of AA5083-H321 and the standard test methods
for tension testing of metallic materials - ASTM E8 [3] is
referred.
A. Specimen preparation
AA5083 rectangular plate with dimensions of 3.0 mm x 610
mm x 915 mm was cut to 0o, 45o and 90o angles from the
rolling direction and each angle has three specimens.
Therefore, there were nine specimens in total. The tensile
samples were rectangular, with 200.0 mm total length, 20.0
mm width of grip section, 12.5 mm width, 50.0 mm gauge
length, 12.5 mm radius of fillet, 57.0 mm length of reduced
section, 50.0 mm length of grip section and 3.0 mm thickness.
At first, the rectangular specimens were machined by using
Hydraulic Swing Beam Shearing Machine, and then followed
with dog-bone specimens that were machined by using CNC
milling machine (DMC 635 V). Nine (9) tensile specimens of
the respective angles are illustrated in Fig. 1. Details of
AA5083 chemical composition are tabulated in Table 1 and
the respective processes are illustrated in Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and
Fig. 4.
Original rolling direction
90
0
Area A
45
Fig. 1: Plan view of cutting specimens from the AA5083 plate
TABLE 1: CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF AA5083
Percentage
Element
(%)
Aluminium (Al) Balance
Magnesium (Mg) 4.0 4.9
Manganese (Mn) 0.40 1.0
 Chromium (Cr) 0.05 0.25

Silicon (Si) 0.40 max

Iron (Fe) 0.40 max

Rolling direction
Copper (Cu) 0.10 max

Zinc (Zn) 0.25 max

Titanium (Ti) 0.15 max

Fig. 5: Tensile specimen of 0o to the rolling direction
Others, each 0.05 max

Others, total 0.15 max

Rolling direction

Fig. 6: Tensile specimen of 45o to the rolling direction

Fig. 2: Half depth hole drilling at the specimens grip section Rolling direction

Fig. 7: Tensile specimen of 90o to the rolling direction

Fig. 3: Full holes drilling assisted by large g-clamp
B. Tensile tests
The UTM-1000 machine (Fig. 8) is used to determine the
strength of AA5083 plate specimen and extracting other
parameters such as deformation, strain, modulus of elasticity,
and work hardening.

Fig. 4: CNC milling machine that was used to cut the specimens
into dog-bone shape

Microstructures were analyzed by using optical
microscopy (Olympus BX-51) as illustrated in Fig. 5, Fig. 6
and Fig. 7. The scanning shows a homogeneous elongated
grain. It is proven that the grain orientation is in accordance to
the angle oriented from the rolling direction of the cut plate
AA5083.
Fig. 8: Universal Testing Machine, UTM-1000
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
In this section, rolling direction effects to the tensile
properties of AA5083 specimen will be discussed.
A. Tensile properties
The tensile behaviors of the AA5083 specimen tested
based on the respective orientation angles are shown in Fig. 9.
Its corresponding tensile properties are tabulated in Table 2.
It is found that the maximum force and stress are resulted
from the 900 orientation. This is in accordance to the result of
Said et al [4] for Al-Cu-Li specimen. It is expected that 00
orientations will give higher strength if it is properly heat
treated and aged. It appears that the force and tensile stress
increase as the orientation angle increases. In contrast, the
Youngs Modulus decreases as the orientation angle increases.
In other words, the grain that is elongated 00 to the tensile
force gives higher Youngs Modulus. Liu et al [5] and
Askeland et al [6] also found that, there was also a correlation
between the grain orientation and the deformation structure.
The 450 orientation gives the highest strain and work
hardening result. This is due to the increasing stress level is
directionally proportional to the change of plastic deformation.
However, the effect of work or strain hardening only occur in
the early stages of plastic deformation. Thus, once the
structure deforms and breaks down, the influence of work
hardening will also disappear. It is also evident that the
specimen is much more ductile when the work hardening
increases as stated by Dieter et al [7]. Thus, the highest
elongation to fracture and fracture stress are obtained from the
same angle orientation. Nevertheless, it can be summarized
that the tensile specimens response curves change as the
rolling directions change.

Fig. 9: The relationship between engineering stress and engineering strain for three different angles

TABLE 2: TENSILE TEST RESULT

Degree to Maximum Ultimate Tensile Fracture Work

Modulus of
rolling Force, Strength, UTS Stress
direction Fmax (kN) (MPa) (MPa)
Elasticity, E (GPa) Hardening, w

0 15.63 416.90 384.76 52.77 1.19

45 15.16 404.23 610.33 49.17 1.25
90 15.83 422.17 422.88 47.92 1.22

B. Tensile fracture surfaces of AA5083

The overall tensile fracture images as well as its cross
section surfaces of the rectangular shape specimen were
captured to determine the deformation behavior of the chosen
alloy as depicted in Fig. 10 and Fig. 11 respectively. The
applied tensile stress on the specimen will result in separation
of the solid body into two which is denoted as fracture. From
the images snapped, ductile fracture was observed. This is due
to its appearances of cup-and-cone fracture showing gross
plastic deformation on both of the fracture surfaces. It is also
worth noting that the specimens modes of failures are in
accordance to the response curves shown in Fig. 9 and
tabulated data in Table 2.
Fig. 10: The tensile fracture of AA5083 specimens

Fig. 11: Closer view of the fracture (cross section)
IV. CONCLUSIONS
Based on the above investigation, it was observed that as
the orientation angles increases, the ultimate tensile stress also
increases (maximum value was obtained from the 900
orientation). In contrast, the Youngs Modulus decreases as
the angle increases. In other words, the grain that is elongated
00 to the tensile force gives higher Youngs Modulus. It was
also observed that the 450 orientations give the highest strain
and work hardening result. It is evident that, the material is
much more ductile when the work hardening increases. The
tensile fracture surfaces show that it fails under ductile
manner. Thus, it can be concluded that the rolling direction
does has a significant effect on the tensile properties of the
AA5083 specimen tested.
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank Faculty of Civil
Engineering and Reseach Management Institute (RMI),
Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia for all supports in
establishing this research.
REFERENCES
[1] Austral Wright Metals, (2005), Aluminium Grade 5083, A95083
Product Data Sheet
[2] Davis, J. R., (2004), Tensile Testing, ASM International, United States
of America, Edition 2,
[3] American Society for Testing and Materials ASTM, (2012), Standard
Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials, E8/E8M-11,
United States of America
[4] Said, O. E., Parrish, C. J., Bradberry, C. A., Hassoun, J.Y. and Parish, R.
A., (2011), Effect of Stretch Orientation and Rolling Orientation on the
Mechanical Properties of 2195 Al-Cu-Li Alloy, Digital Commons @
LMU and LLS
[5] Liu Q., Juul Jensen D. and Hansen N., (1998), Effect of grain
orientation on deformation structure in cold-rolled polycrystalline
aluminium, Acta Materialia, Vol 46, Pg 5819-5838
[6] Askeland, D. R. and Fulay, P. P., (2009), Essentials of Materials
Science and Engineering, Cengage Learning, Canada
[7] Dieter, G. E., Kuhn, H. A., and Semiatin, S. L., (2003), Handbook of
Workability and Process Design, ASM International, United States of
America