READING STRATEGY: DIALECTICAL JOURNAL
Title of Text:_____________________ Author: ________________________
What the Author Says (They Say)
1. Choose words, phrases, and/or quotes from
the text. Focus on key concepts, main
ideas, and relevant support.
Your Response (I say)
2. Your analysis and interpretations of the
authors concepts/main ideas. Do you agree,
disagree, both, and why? What connections
do you see between this text and your own
observations, prior knowledge, and/or other
texts? What questions can you ask about the
ideas?
READING STRATEGY: ANNOTATION

To annotate means to mark a text. Many students use a highlighter to mark important
information, and this can be a fine approach for some types of readings, for example to study
for a test. But when reading in order to think critically about an authors ideas, it can help to
move beyond the highlighter, using a pencil and post-it notes instead to make more meaningful
markings that will help you think more deeply about the ideas presented in the text, to read as if
in a conversation with the author.

There are many different ways to annotate a text, and many readers will find a system that works
for them. Having a consistent system will ensure that the annotations are helpful when you
review them later.

Below is one framework for strategic annotation of a text from two perspectives: what the author
says (They Say) and your own response as a reader (I say).

Annotating what text/author says Annotating your response

(They Say) (I Say)

<< >> To mark major sections
Underline main points/assertions
Circle key terms/concepts (single words
or 2-3 word phrases)
|| In the margins next to relevant support
(examples, quotes, details)
Write single words or short phrases in the
margins that describe what the author is
saying/doing.
** Next to assertions, terms, support that
spark a response
?? Next to assertions, terms, support that
spark a question or inquiry (for example, a
reference to look up, a point of confusion,
or an idea that makes you want to know
more)
Single words or short phrases in the
margins to capture your response or
question.
Post-it Notes: Reader response and
questions.

Ultimately, strategic annotation helps critical readers stay active and engaged with the text.

Give yourself a goal: Make at least 3 annotations on every page that you read.