INTRODUCTION

Any building service use machines. They include plumbing, elevators, escalators, and heating
and air-conditioning systems. The introduction of mechanization in buildings brought about
major adjustments, the new equipment demanded floor space, and the design team began to
include electrical and HVAC (heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning) engineers. Heating and
cooling changed dramatically. Modern buildings, with their large heat gains, turned central
heating into little more than a supplement. Heat removal is a much more serious burden,
especially in warm weather. The roofs of high-rises are occupied by cooling towers and
mechanical penthouses, entire floors are often dedicated to the containment of blowers,
compressors, water chillers, boilers, pumps, and generators.

OBJECTIVE
1. To get an understanding how the theoretical knowledge is fitted in practice.
2. To get understanding about mechanical system of a building.
APPARATUS
1) Measuring tape
2) Camera

PROCEDURE
i. Air-conditioning system
1) The air-conditioning in the mechanical and electrical engineering lab were
counted.
2) The heat ventilation in the lab were also counted.
3) The area of the lab was measured using meter tape.
4) The chillers for engineering blocks were found at level 3.

ii. Fire protection

1) The fire sprinkles in the lab were counted.
2) The smoke detector were found at in front of the lift of each level of the block.
3) Smoke detector and fire sprinkle in front of the lift were counted.
4) Searching for the fire extinguisher, fire hose and fire hydrant.
5) Emergency exit also can be found on each level of the block.

iii. Vertical transportation system

1) The area of the lift was measured.
2) The height of the lift was measured.
3) Every block have 8 level.
4) The emergency alarm was found in every lift.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
1. Air conditioning system

Air conditioner

Air conditioning (often referred to as AC, A.C., or A/C) is the process of removing heat
from the interior of an occupied space, to improve the comfort of occupants. Air
conditioning can be used in both domestic and commercial environments. This process is
most commonly used to achieve a more comfortable interior environment, typically for
humans or animals; however, air conditioning is also used to cool/dehumidify rooms
filled with heat-producing electronic devices, such as computer servers, power amplifiers,
and even to display and store artwork.

For example, there are 15 air conditioners in the lab which is 58.5cm x 58.5cm and
243cm height.

Heat Ventilation

Ventilation is the process of changing or replacing air in any space to control

temperature or remove any combination of moisture, odors, smoke, heat, dust,
airborne bacteria, or carbon dioxide, and to replenish oxygen. Ventilation includes
both the exchange of air with the outside as well as circulation of air within the
building. It is one of the most important factors for maintaining acceptable indoor air
quality in buildings.
For example, there are 3 heat ventilation in the lab which is 58.5cm x 58.5cm and 243cm
height.

Chiller

A chiller is a machine that removes heat from a liquid via a vapor-compression or

absorption refrigeration cycle. This liquid can then be circulated through a heat
exchanger to cool equipment, or another process stream (such as air or process
water). As a necessary by product, refrigeration creates waste heat that must be
exhausted to ambience, or for greater efficiency, recovered for heating purposes.

Chilled water is used to cool and dehumidify air in mid- to large-size commercial,
industrial, and institutional facilities. Water chillers can be water-cooled, air-cooled,
or evaporatively cooled. Water-cooled systems can provide efficiency and
environmental impact advantages over air-cooled systems. There are 4 chillers
located at engineering complex.
2. Fire Protection

Fire sprinkle

A fire sprinkler system is an active fire protection method, consisting of a water

supply system, providing adequate pressure and flowrate to a water distribution
piping system, onto which fire sprinklers are connected. Although historically only
used in factories and large commercial buildings, systems for homes and small
buildings are now available at a cost-effective price. Fire sprinkler systems are
extensively used worldwide, with over 40 million sprinkler heads fitted each year. In
buildings completely protected by fire sprinkler systems, over 96% of fires were
controlled by fire sprinklers alone.

There are 20 fire sprinkles in the lab (243cm height) and 2 fire sprinkles in front of
the lift for each level.

Smoke Detectors/Fire Alarms

A smoke detector is a device that senses smoke, typically as an indicator of fire.

Commercial security devices issue a signal to a fire alarm control panel as part of a
fire alarm system, while household smoke detectors, also known as smoke alarms,
generally issue a local audible or visual alarm from the detector itself. There are 2
smoke detectors in front of lift for each level.
 Fire Extinguisher

A fire extinguisher is an active fire protection device used to extinguish or control

small fires, often in emergency situations. It is not intended for use on an out-of-
control fire, such as one which has reached the ceiling, endangers the user (i.e., no
escape route, smoke, explosion hazard, etc.), or otherwise requires the expertise of a
fire department. Typically, a fire extinguisher consists of a hand-held cylindrical
pressure vessel containing an agent which can be discharged to extinguish a fire. Fire
extinguishers manufactured with non-cylindrical pressure vessels also exist, but are
less common.

Fire hose

A fire hose (or firehose) is a high-pressure hose that carries water or other fire
retardant (such as foam) to a fire to extinguish it. Outdoors, it attaches either to a fire
engine or a fire hydrant. Indoors, it can permanently attach to a building's standpipe
or plumbing system. After use, a fire hose is usually hung to dry, because standing
water that remains in a hose for a long time can deteriorate the material and render it
unreliable or unusable. Therefore, the typical fire station often has a high structure to
accommodate the length of a hose for such preventative maintenance.
 Fire hydrant

The user attaches a hose to the fire hydrant, then opens a valve on the hydrant to
provide a powerful flow of water, about 350 kPa (50 pounds per square inch gauge
(psig)) (this pressure varies according to region and depends on various factors
including the size and location of the attached water main). This user can attach this
hose to a fire engine, which can use a powerful pump to boost the water pressure and
possibly split it into multiple streams. One may connect the hose with a threaded
connection, instantaneous "quick connector" or a Storz connector. A user should take
care not to open or close a fire hydrant too quickly, as this can cause a water hammer,
which can damage nearby pipes and equipment. The water inside a charged hose line
causes it to be very heavy and high-water pressure causes it to be stiff and unable to
make a tight turn while pressurized. When a fire hydrant is unobstructed, this is not a
problem, as there is enough room to adequately position the hose.

Exit Sign

The real function of lighted LED exit signs is to allow you to find the exit or
emergency egress route in the event of an emergency. Many times, a power outage
can be the result of a fire in the building. In such cases, finding the emergency exits
 can be complicated not only by a loss of power but from the presence of smoke in
emergency egress routes. Under these circumstances, lighted exits signs powered by
rechargeable backup batteries can literally save lives by allowing individuals to safely
exit the building.

Emergency door

An emergency exit in a structure is a special exit for emergencies such as a fire: the
combined use of regular and special exits allows for faster evacuation, while it also
provides an alternative if the route to the regular exit is blocked by fire, etc. It is
usually in a strategically located (e.g. in a stairwell, hallway, or other likely place)
outward opening door with a crash bar on it and with exit signs leading to it. The
name is a reference to when they were frequently used, however a fire exit can also
be a main doorway must be able to be unlocked from the inside of the room. A fire
escape is a special kind of emergency exit, mounted to the outside of a building.
3. Vertical Transportation System

Lift

Lift is a type of vertical transportation that moves people or goods between floors
(levels, decks) of a building, vessel, or other structure. Elevators/lifts are generally
powered by electric motors that either drive traction cables and counterweight
systems like a hoist, or pump hydraulic fluid to raise a cylindrical piston like a jack.

Dimension of the lift at Block 1 engineering complex is 198cm x 154cm x 251cm.

The rule and regulation of the lift system must be followed to prevent from any
danger situation.
CONCLUSIONS

Based on the visit to a certain landmarks around the Engineering Faculty, we managed to
get understanding about mechanical system of a building. A building must have efficient Heat
Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system, good fire protection features for safety
measures and Vertical Transportation System that are working well. An efficient HVAC system
is important to provide comfort and acceptable indoor air quality. A good fire protection is
needed as a precaution if an emergency ever happen, while Vertical Transportation System such
as an elevator should be installed at tall building to provide ease to the people to move to another
level inside the building.