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A. A. Ranicki
University of Edinburgh
This is the full text of the book published in 1992 as Volume 102 of the
Cambridge Tracts in Mathematics by the Cambridge University Press, with
some corrections and additional material. The list of changes is maintained
on my WWW Home Page :
http://www.maths.ed.ac.uk/aar/books/topman.pdf
Please send any further corrections/suggestions for improvements by e-mail
to : a.ranicki@ed.ac.uk
23 August, 2017
Contents
Introduction 1
Summary 21
Part I. Algebra
1. Algebraic Poincare complexes 25
2. Algebraic normal complexes 38
3. Algebraic bordism categories 51
4. Categories over complexes 63
5. Duality 74
6. Simply connected assembly 80
7. Derived product and Hom 85
8. Local Poincare duality 89
9. Universal assembly 95
10. The algebraic - theorem 111
11. -sets 119
12. Generalized homology theory 124
13. Algebraic L-spectra 136
14. The algebraic surgery exact sequence 146
15. Connective L-theory 153
Bibliography 348
Index 359
Preface
The algebraic L-theory of quadratic forms relates the topology of manifolds
to their homotopy types. This tract provides a reasonably self-contained ac-
count of this relationship in dimensions 5, which was established over 20
years ago by the BrowderNovikovSullivanWall surgery theory for com-
pact dierentiable and P L manifolds, and extended to topological manifolds
by Kirby and Siebenmann.
The term algebraic L-theory was coined by Wall, to mean the algebraic
K-theory of quadratic forms, alias hermitian K-theory. In the classical
theory of quadratic forms the ground ring is a field, or a ring of integers in an
algebraic number field, and quadratic forms are classified up to isomorphism.
In algebraic L-theory it is necessary to consider quadratic forms over more
general rings, but only up to stable isomorphism. In the applications to
topology the ground ring is the group ring Z[] of the fundamental group
of a manifold.
The structure theory of high-dimensional compact dierentiable and P L
manifolds can be expressed in terms of the combinatorial topology of finite
simplicial complexes. By contrast, the structure theory of high-dimensional
compact topological manifolds involves deep geometric properties of Eu-
clidean spaces and demands more prerequisites. For example, compare
Thoms proof of the combinatorial invariance of the rational Pontrjagin
classes with Novikovs proof of topological invariance. The current devel-
opment of the controlled and bounded surgery theory of non-compact man-
ifolds promises a better combinatorial understanding of these foundations,
using the algebraic methods of this book and its companion on lower K-
and L-theory, Ranicki [146]. The material in Appendix C is an indication
of the techniques this will entail.
The book is divided into two parts, called Algebra and Topology. In
principle, it is possible to start with the Introduction, and go on to the
topology in Part II, referring back to Part I for novel algebraic concepts. The
reader does not have to be familiar with the previous texts on surgery theory:
Browder [16], Wall [178], Ranicki [145], let alone the research literature*.
This book is not a replacement for any of these. Books and papers need not
be read in the order in which they were written.
The text was typeset in TEX, and the diagrams in LAMS-TEX.
Introduction
An n-dimensional manifold M is a paracompact Hausdor topological space
such that each point x M has a neighbourhood homeomorphic to the
Euclidean n-space Rn . The homology and cohomology of a compact n-
dimensional manifold M are related by the Poincare duality isomorphisms
H n (M )
= H (M ) ,
using twisted coecients in the nonorientable case.
An n-dimensional Poincare space X is a topological space such that
H n (X) = H (X) with arbitrary coecients. A Poincare space is finite if
it has the homotopy type of a finite CW complex. A compact n-dimensional
manifold M is a finite n-dimensional Poincare space, as is any space homo-
topy equivalent to M . However, a finite Poincare space need not be homo-
topy equivalent to a compact manifold. The manifold structure existence
problem is to decide if a finite Poincare space is homotopy equivalent to a
compact manifold.
A homotopy equivalence of compact manifolds need not be homotopic
to a homeomorphism. The manifold structure uniqueness problem is to
decide if a homotopy equivalence of compact manifolds is homotopic to a
homeomorphism, or at least h-cobordant to one. The mapping cylinder of a
homotopy equivalence of compact manifolds is a finite Poincare h-cobordism
with manifold boundary, which is homotopy equivalent rel to a compact
manifold h-cobordism if and only if the homotopy equivalence is h-cobordant
to a homeomorphism. The uniqueness problem is thus a relative version of
the existence problem.
The BrowderNovikovSullivanWall surgery theory provides computable
obstructions for deciding the manifold structure existence and uniqueness
problems in dimensions 5. The obstructions use a mixture of the topo-
logical K-theory of vector bundles and the algebraic L-theory of quadratic
forms. A finite Poincare space is homotopy equivalent to a compact mani-
fold if and only if the Spivak normal fibration admits a topological bundle
reduction such that a corresponding normal map from a manifold to the
Poincare space has zero surgery obstruction. A homotopy equivalence of
compact manifolds is h-cobordant to a homeomorphism if and only if it is
normal bordant to the identity by a normal bordism with zero rel surgery
obstruction. The theory applies in general only in dimensions 5 because
it relies on the Whitney trick for removing singularities, just like the h- and
s-cobordism theorems.
The algebraic theory of surgery of Ranicki [143][149] is extended here to a
combinatorial treatment of the manifold structure existence and uniqueness
problems, providing an intrinsic characterization of the manifold structures
2 Algebraic L-theory and topological manifolds
The structure groups S (X) measure the extent to which the surgery ob-
struction groups L (Z[1 (X)]) fail to be a generalized homology theory, or
equivalently the extent to which the algebraic L-theory assembly maps A
fail to be isomorphisms. The algebraic surgery exact sequence for a com-
pact manifold M is identified in 18 with the SullivanWall surgery exact
sequence for the manifold structure set of M .
The total surgery obstruction s(X) Sn (X) of an n-dimensional Poincare
space X is expressed in 17 in terms of a combinatorial formula measuring
the failure on the chain level of the local homology groups H (X, X\{x})
(x X) to be isomorphic to H n ({x}) = H (Rn , Rn \{0}). The condition
s(X) = 0 is equivalent to the cellular Z[1 (X)]-module chain complex C(X) e
of the universal cover X e being algebraic Poincare cobordant to the assem-
bly of a local system over X of Z-module chain complexes with Poincare
duality. The structure invariant s(f ) Sn+1 (M ) of a homotopy equiva-
lence f : N M of compact n-dimensional manifolds is expressed in 18 in
terms of a combinatorial formula measuring the failure on the chain level
of the local homology groups H (f 1 (x)) (x M ) to be isomorphic to
H ({x}). The condition s(f ) = 0 is equivalent to the algebraic mapping
cone C(fe: C(N e )C(M f))+1 being algebraic Poincare cobordant to the
assembly of a local system over M of contractible Z-module chain com-
plexes.
The algebraic L-theory assembly map is constructed in 9 as a forgetful
map between two algebraic Poincare bordism theories, in which the underly-
ing chain complexes are the same, but which dier in the duality conditions
required. There is a strong local condition and a weak global condition,
corresponding to the dierence between a manifold and a Poincare space,
and between a homeomorphism and a homotopy equivalence. The assembly
of a local algebraic Poincare complex is a global algebraic Poincare complex,
by analogy with the passage from integral to rational quadratic forms in al-
gebra, and from manifolds to Poincare spaces in topology. The algebraic
L-theory assembly maps have the advantage over the analogous topologi-
cal assembly maps in that their fibres can be expressed in terms of local
algebraic Poincare complexes such that the underlying chain complexes are
globally contractible.
The generalized homology groups of a simplicial complex K with L-theory
coecients are identified in 13 with the cobordism groups of local algebraic
Poincare complexes, where local means that there is a simply connected
Poincare duality condition at each simplex in K. The cobordism groups
of global algebraic Poincare complexes are the surgery obstruction groups
or some symmetric analogues, where global means that there is a single
non-simply connected Poincare duality condition over the universal cover
6 Algebraic L-theory and topological manifolds
e Surgery theory identifies the fibre of the assembly map from compact
K.
manifolds to finite Poincare spaces in dimensions 5 with the fibre of
the algebraic L-theory assembly map. Picture this identification as a fibre
square
{ topological manifolds} w { local algebraic Poincare complexes}
assembly assembly
u u
{ Poincare spaces} w { global algebraic Poincare complexes}
allowing the homotopy types of compact manifolds to be created out of the
homotopy types of finite Poincare spaces and some extra chain level Poincare
duality. The assembly maps forget the local structure, and the fibres of
the assembly maps measure the dierence between the local and global
structures. The fibre square substantiates the suggestion of Siebenmann
[160, 14] that topological manifolds bear the simplest possible relation to
their underlying homotopy types.
The surgery obstruction of a normal map (f, b): M X from a compact
n-dimensional manifold M to a finite n-dimensional Poincare space X
(f, b) Ln (Z[1 (X)])
is such that (f, b) = 0 if (and for n 5 only if) (f, b) is normal bor-
dant to a homotopy equivalence. In the original construction of Wall [180]
(f, b) was defined after preliminary geometric surgeries to make (f, b)
[n/2]-connected. In Ranicki [145] the surgery obstruction was interpreted
as the cobordism class of an n-dimensional quadratic Poincare complex
(C(f ! ), ) over Z[1 (X)] associated directly to (f, b), with
f
e C(X)
!
f : C(X) e n C(M
f)n C(M
f)
the Umkehr chain map.
The algebraic Poincare cobordism approach to the quadratic L-groups
L (R) extends to n-ads, and hence to the definition of a quadratic L-
spectrum L. (R) with homotopy groups
(L. (R)) = L (R) .
In Ranicki [148] the quadratic L-groups Ln (A) (n 0) of n-dimensional
quadratic Poincare complexes were defined for any additive category with
involution A, with
L (R) = L (A (R)) , A (R) = { f.g. free R-modules} .
In 1 the quadratic L-groups L (A) are defined still more generally, for any
additive category A with a chain duality, that is a duality involution on the
Introduction 7
The total surgery obstruction theory also has a version involving White-
head torsion. A Poincare space X is simple if it has a finite simplicial
complex structure in its homotopy type with respect to which
e n C(X))
([X] : C(X) e = 0 W h() ( = 1 (X)) .
Compact manifolds are simple Poincare spaces, with respect to the finite
structure given by the handle decomposition. The simple structure groups
Ss (X) are defined to fit into the exact sequence
A
. . . Hn (X; L. ) Lsn (Z[]) Ssn (X)
Hn1 (X; L. ) . . .
with Ls (Z[]) the simple surgery obstruction groups of Wall [180]. The
simple structure groups Ss (X) are related to the finite structure groups
S (X) by an exact sequence
. . . Ss (X) Sn (X) H b n (Z2 ; W h()) Ss (X) . . .
n n1
analogous to the Rothenberg exact sequence
b n (Z2 ; W h()) Lsn1 (Z[]) . . . .
. . . Lsn (Z[]) Ln (Z[]) H
The total simple surgery obstruction s(X) Ssn (X) of a simple n-dimensional
Poincare space X is such that s(X) = 0 if (and for n 5 only if) X is simple
homotopy equivalent to a compact n-dimensional topological manifold. The
simple structure invariant s(f ) Ssn+1 (M ) of a simple homotopy equiva-
lence f : N M of n-dimensional manifolds is such that s(f ) = 0 if (and
for n 5 only if) f is s-cobordant to a homeomorphism. For n 5 s-
cobordant can be replaced by homotopic to, by virtue of the s-cobordism
theorem.
The quadratic structure group Sn (K) of a simplicial complex K is iden-
tified in 19 with the bordism group of finite n-dimensional Poincare pairs
(X, X) with a reference map (f, f ): (X, X)K such that f : XK
is Poincare transverse across the dual cell decomposition of the barycentric
subdivision K of K. From this point of view, the total surgery obstruction
of an n-dimensional Poincare space X is the bordism class
s(X) = (X, ) Sn (X)
with the identity reference map XX. The quadratic structure group
Sn (X) can also be identified with the bordism group of homotopy equiva-
lences f : N M of compact (n1)-dimensional manifolds, with a reference
map M X. The mapping cylinder W of f defines a finite n-dimensional
Poincare h-cobordism (W, N M ) with N M X Poincare transverse
by manifold transversality.
The symmetric L-groups Ln (R) (n 0) of Mishchenko [115] and Ran-
icki [144] are the cobordism groups of n-dimensional symmetric Poincare
12 Algebraic L-theory and topological manifolds
[ '' [ ''
[ [ '' [ [ ''
[[ )' [[ )'
44 4
H (X; L.) b .)
464 1 + Thhjh 44A64 hhjh
Sn+1 (X) n H (X; L n
h h
h
j
n
4 4
H (X; L. )
44
V L (X)
h
j
n
h h 4A46 1 + Thh 4 46
hb. h
Hn+1
NN
(X; L )
NN
L (Z[ (X)])
n 1
S (X) .
n
NN
N
N
NN
Introduction 17
H4k (M ; L.) A wL
4k
(Z[1 (M )])
u u
H4k ({}; L.) A wL 4k
(Z)
18 Algebraic L-theory and topological manifolds
Summary
1 develops the L-theory of algebraic Poincare complexes in an additive
category with chain duality. 2 deals with the algebraic analogue of the
Spivak normal fibration. An algebraic bordism category (A, B, C) is an
additive category with chain duality A, together with a pair (B, C B) of
subcategories of the chain homotopy category of A . In 3 the quadratic
L-groups Ln (A, B, C) (n Z) are defined to be the cobordism groups of
finite chain complexes in B with an n-dimensional quadratic C-Poincare
duality. The quadratic L-groups L (R) of a ring with involution R are the
quadratic L-groups L ((R)) of the algebraic bordism category (R) =
(A (R), B (R), C (R)) with B (R) the category of finite chain complexes in
A (R), and C (R) the category of contractible chain complexes in A (R).
The additive category A (X) is defined in 4, for any additive category A
and simplicial complex X. In 5 a chain duality on A is extended to a chain
duality on A (X). The simply connected assembly functor A (X)A
is defined in 6. The chain duality on A (X) has a dualizing complex
with respect to a derived Hom, which is obtained in 7. The chain duality
on A (X) is used in 8 to extend an algebraic bordism category (A, B, C)
to an algebraic bordism category (A (X), B (X), C (X)) depending co-
variantly on X, as a kind of (A, B, C)-coecient algebraic bordism cat-
egory of X. The algebraic bordism category obtained in this way from
(A (R), B (R), C (R)) is denoted by (A (R, X), B (R, X), C (R) (X)). The as-
sembly functor A (R, X)A(R[1 (X)]) is defined in 9. In 10 this is used
to define an algebraic bordism category (A(R, X), B (R, X), C(R, X)), with
C(R, X) the chain homotopy category of finite chain complexes in A(R, X)
which assemble to a contractible chain complex in A(R[1 (X)]). An alge-
braic analogue of the - theorem of Wall [180] is used in 10 to identify the
geometric L-groups L (A (R, X), B (R, X), C(R, X)) with the algebraic
L-groups L (R[1 (X)]). The theory of -sets is recalled in 11, and ap-
plied to generalized homology theory in 12. The quadratic L-spectrum
L. (A, B, C) of an algebraic bordism category (A, B, C) is defined in 13 to
be an -spectrum of Kan -sets with homotopy groups (L. (A, B, C)) =
L (A, B, C). The quadratic L-groups L (A(R, X), B (R, X), C (R) (X)) are
identified in 13 with the generalized homology groups H (X; L. (R)). The
braid relating the visible L-groups, the quadratic L-groups and the gen-
eralized homology with L-theory coecients is constructed in 14, with a
connective version in 15. The symmetric L-theory orientations of topolog-
ical bundles and manifolds are constructed in 16. The theory developed
in 1-16 is applied in 17 to obtain the total surgery obstruction s(X) and
in 18 to give an algebraic description of the structure set ST OP (M ). In
19 the total surgery obstruction is identified with the obstruction to geo-
22 Algebraic L-theory and topological manifolds
Algebra
1. Algebraic Poincare complexes 25
Given chain complexes C, D in A let HomA (C, D), be the double complex
26 Algebraic L-theory and topological manifolds
is defined by
TM,N : (M A N )n = HomA (T (M )n , N )
(N A M )n = HomA (T (N )n , M ) ;
(f : T (M )n N ) (TM,N (f ): T (N )n M )
with
TM,N (f ) = e(M )T (f ) :
T (N )n T (T (M )n )n T 2 (M )0 M0 = M .
The inverse of TM,N is
(TM,N )1 = TN,M : N A M M A N ,
since for any f M A N
TN,M TM,N (f ) = e(N ) T (e(M )T (f )) = e(N ) T 2 (f ) T (e(M ))
= f e(T (M )) T (e(M )) = f M A N .
Example 1.3 Given a ring R with an involution RR; rr let Ap (R)
be the additive category of f.g. projective (left) R-modules. Define a 0-
dimensional chain duality
T : Ap (R) Ap (R) ; P T (P ) = P = HomR (P, R)
by
R P P ; (r, f ) (x f (x).r) ,
e(P )1 : P P ; x (f f (x)) .
The tensor product of f.g. projective R-modules P ,Q is the abelian group
P R Q = P Z Q/{ rx y x ry | x P, y Q, r R } ,
such that the slant map defines a natural isomorphism
P R Q HomR (P , Q) = P Ap (R) Q ; x y (f f (x).y) .
The duality isomorphism TP,Q : P Ap (R) QQ Ap (R) P corresponds to
the transposition isomorphism
TP,Q : P R Q Q R P ; x y y x .
Similarly for the full subcategory Ah (R) Ap (R) of f.g. free R-modules.
Note that the chain complex C in 1.6 is only required to be finite, and
not n-dimensional as in Ranicki [144].
Let f : CD be a chain map of finite chain complexes in A . An (n + 1)-
cycle
{
(, ) C(f % : W % CW % D)n+1
(, ) C(f% : W% CW% D)n+1
{
(W % C)n
is an n-cycle together with a collection
(W% C)n
{
= {s (D A D)n+1+s | s 0}
= {s (D A D)n+1s | s 0}
such
that
dDA D (s ) + ()n+s (s1 + ()s T s1 )
+ ()n (f A f )(s ) = 0 (D A D)n+s
dDA D (s ) + ()ns (s+1 + ()s+1 T s+1 )
+ ()n (f A f )(s ) = 0 (D A D)ns
The (n + 1)-cycle
{
(0 , 0 ) C(f A f : C A CD A D)n+1
((1 + T )0 , (1 + T )0 ) C(f A f : C A CD A D)n+1
determines a chain map
{
(0 , 0 ) : Dn+1 C(f )
(1 + T )(0 , 0 ) : Dn+1 C(f )
with
( )
0
(0 , 0 ) = : Dn+1r C(f )r = Dr Cr1
f
0
( )
(1 + T )0
((1 + T )0 , (1 + T )0 ) =
(1 + T )0 f
: Dn+1r C(f )r = Dr Cr1 .
{
symmetric
Definition 1.7 (i) An (n + 1)-dimensional (Poincare) pair
quadratic
in A
{
( f : CD , (, ) )
( f : CD , (, ) )
{ map f : CD
is a chain of finite chain complexes together with an (n + 1)-
(, ) C(f )n+1
%
cycle (such that the chain map
(, ) C(f% )n+1
{
(0 , 0 ) : Dn+1 C(f )
(1 + T )(0 , 0 ) : Dn+1 C(f )
32 Algebraic L-theory and topological manifolds
is a chain equivalence). {
symmetric
(ii) A cobordism of n-dimensional Poincare complexes
quadratic
{ { {
(C, ) (C , ) symmetric
, is an (n + 1)-dimensional Poincare pair
(C, ) (C , ) quadratic
{
( (f f ): C C D , (, ) )
( (f f ): C C D , (, ) ) .
{ { n
symmetric L (A)
Definition 1.8 The n-dimensional L-group (n Z)
quadratic Ln (A)
an additive category
{ with chain duality A is the cobordism group of n-
symmetric
dimensional Poincare complexes in A .
quadratic
{
symmetric
Proposition 1.10 The n-dimensional L-groups are 4-periodic,
quadratic
with the double skew-suspension maps defining isomorphisms
S 2 : Ln (A) Ln+4 (A) ; (C, ) (S 2 C, S 2)
2
S : Ln (A) Ln+4 (A) ; (C, ) (S 2 C, S 2)
for n Z.
Proof The functor S 2 : B (A)B (A) is an isomorphism of additive cat-
egories.
Example 1.11 Let R be a ring with involution, so that the additive cat-
egories with duality involution
Ah (R) = { f.g. free R-modules} , Ap (R) = { f.g. projective R-modules}
are defined as in 1.3.
(i) The quadratic L-groups of Aq (R) for q = h (resp. p) are the free (resp.
projective) versions of the 4-periodic quadratic L-groups of Wall [180]
Ln (Aq (R)) = Lqn (R) (n Z) .
1. Algebraic Poincare complexes 33
(ii) The symmetric L-groups of Aq (R) for q = h (resp. p) are the 4-periodic
versions of the free (resp. projective) symmetric L-groups of Mishchenko
[115]
Ln (Aq (R)) = lim
Ln+4k
q (R) = Ln+4
q (R) (n Z) .
k
See Ranicki [144], [148] for proofs of both (i) and (ii). The 4-periodicity
of the symmetric L-groups is ensured by the use of finite rather than n-
dimensional chain complexes in 1.6. See 3.18 below for a further discussion.
{
symmetric
Proposition 1.13 Cobordism of n-dimensional Poincare com-
quadratic
plexes in A is the equivalence relation generated by homotopy equivalence
and algebraic surgery.
Proof As for Ranicki [144, 5.1], the special case A = Ap (R) = {f.g. project-
ive R-modules}.
{
symmetric
Definition 1.14 The boundary of an n-dimensional complex
quadratic
{ {
(C, ) symmetric
in A is the (n 1)-dimensional complex
(C, ) quadratic
{
(C, ) = (C, )
(C, ) = (C, )
{
symmetric
obtained from (0,0) by surgery on the n-dimensional pair
quadratic
{
(0: 0C, (, 0))
In the symmetric case
(0: 0C, (, 0)) .
1. Algebraic Poincare complexes 35
( )
dC ()r 0
dC = :
0 ()r dC
Cr = Cr+1 C nr Cr1 = Cr C nr1 ,
( )
()nr T 1 ()r(nr1) e
0 = :
1 0
C nr1 = C nr (T 2 C)r+1 Cr = Cr+1 C nr ,
( )
()nr+s T s+1 0
s = :
0 0
C nr+s1 = C nr+s (T 2 C)rs+1
Cr = Cr+1 C nr (s 1)
and in the quadratic case
( )
dC ()r (1 + T )0
dC = :
0 ()r dC
Cr = Cr+1 C nr Cr1 = Cr C nr+1 ,
( )
0 0
0 = :
1 0
C nr1 = C nr (T 2 C)r+1 Cr = Cr+1 C nr ,
( )
()nrs1 T s1 0
s = :
0 0
C nrs1 = C nrs (T 2 C)r+s+1
Cr = Cr+1 C nr (s 1) .
{
Proposition 1.15 The homotopy equivalence classes of n-dimensional
symmetric
complexes in A are in oneone correspondence with the homo-
quadratic
{
symmetric
topy equivalence classes of n-dimensional Poincare pairs in
quadratic
A.
Proof As for Ranicki [144,{3.4], the special case A{= Ap (R).
symmetric (C, )
Given an n-dimensional complex in A define the
quadratic (C, )
{
symmetric
n-dimensional Poincare pair
quadratic
{ ( { )
(C, ) (0, )
= pC = projection : C C n
, .
(C, ) (0, )
{
symmetric
Conversely, given an n-dimensional Poincare pair in A
quadratic
( { )
(, )
B = f : C D ,
(, )
apply
{ the algebraic Thom construction to obtain an n-dimensional
symmetric
complex
quadratic
{
(D, )/C = (C(f ), /)
B/B =
(D, )/C = (C(f ), /)
with
( )
s 0
(/)s = :
()nr1 s f ()nr+s T s1
C(f )nr+s+1 = Dnr+s+1 C nr+s C(f )r = Dr Cr1
(s 0, 1 = 0) ,
( )
s 0
(/)s = :
()nr1 s f ()nrs T s+1
C(f )nrs+1 = Dnrs+1 C nrs C(f )r = Dr Cr1
(s 0) ,
which is homotopy equivalent to (B/B).
1. Algebraic Poincare complexes 37
{
symmetric
It follows from 1.15 that an n-dimensional Poincare complex
quadratic
{ { {
(C, ) (C, ) = 0 Ln (A) (C, )
in A is such that if and only if is
(C, ) (C, ) = 0 Ln (A) (C, )
homotopy
{ equivalent to the boundary (D, ) of an (n + 1)-dimensional
symmetric
complex (D, ) in A .
quadratic
38 Algebraic L-theory and topological manifolds
with { {
s for s 0 (1 + T )0 for s = 0
(J)s = , ((1 + T ))s =
0 for s < 0 0 for s 1
(H)s = s1 for s 0 .
Definition 2.2 (i) A chain bundle (C, ) is a chain complex C in A together
c % T C)0 .
with a 0-cycle (W
(ii) A map of chain bundles in A
(f, b) : (C, ) (C , )
is a chain map f : CC together with a 1-chain b (Wc % T C)1 such that
fb% ( ) = d(b) (W
c % T C)0 .
Remark 2.5 Geometric normal (resp. Poincare) complexes and pairs de-
termine algebraic normal (resp. Poincare) complexes and pairs. The meth-
ods of Ranicki [145] and Weiss [186] can be combined to associate to any
(k 1)-spherical fibration : XBG(k) over a finite CW complex X a
chain bundle in A (Z[]w ) (cf. 1.4)
e )
b () = (C(X),
with X e any regular covering of X such that the pullback : X
e BG(k)
e the cellular Z[]-
is oriented, the group of covering translations, C(X)
module chain complex of X,e and w: {1} a factorization of the orien-
tation character
w
w1 () : 1 (X) {1} .
The hyperquadratic structure is unique up to equivalence (i.e. only the
homology class Q b 0 (C(X)
e ) is determined), and depends only on the
stable spherical fibration : XBG. Let T () be the Thom space of ,
and let U H k (T (), w) be the w-twisted Thom class, with H denot-
ing reduced cohomology. The AlexanderWhitneySteenrod diagonal chain
approximation
e e e
X e : C(X) HomZ[Z2 ] (W, C(X) Z C(X))
induces the symmetric construction of Ranicki [145, 1]
X = 1 X e
e : Hn (X, w) = Hn (Z Z[]w C(X))
w
from the certain exact sequence of Whitehead [190], with h the Hurewicz
map.
An n-dimensional geometric normal complex (X, X , X ) in the sense of
Quinn [132] is a finite CW complex X together with a (k 1)-spherical
fibration X : XBG(k) and a map X : S n+k T (X ). The algebraic
42 Algebraic L-theory and topological manifolds
e of X is defined
normal complex of (X, X , X ) with respect to a covering X
by
b (X, X , X ) = (C(X),
e , , )
e ) =
with (C(X), e ) the image of X
b (X ) and (, ) Qn (C(X),
b (X) is given
n+k (T (X )). The Z[1 (X)]-module duality chain map of
by the cap product
0 = X ([X])0 = [X] : C(X) e n C(X)
e ,
with the fundamental class defined by
[X] = h(X ) UX Hn (X, w) .
A (finite) n-dimensional geometric Poincare complex X is a (finite) CW
complex together with an orientation map w: 1 (X)Z2 and a fundamen-
tal class [X] Hn (X, w) such that cap product defines a Z[1 (X)]-module
chain equivalence
e n e .
[X] : C(X) C(X)
An embedding X S n+k (k large) determines the normal structure (X , X )
of Spivak [164], so that X is an n-dimensional geometric normal complex.
The n-dimensional symmetric Poincare complex in A (Z[]w )
e )
(X) = (C(X),
is such that J (X) =
b (X, X , X ).
The following result deals with the analogue for algebraic Poincare com-
plexes in any additive category with chain duality A of the Spivak normal
structure of a geometric Poincare complex:
of Q-groups
1+T J
b n1 (C) ,
Qn1 (C) Qn1 (C) Q
b%
e%
b n
Q (C n 0
b
) Q (C) Q
n b n (SC) .
The obstruction J() Q b n1 (C) to a quadratic refinement of (C, )
corresponds under the suspension isomorphism Q b n1 (C)Q
b n (SC) to
the obstruction e J() Q
% b (SC) to a normal refinement of (C, ).
n
complexes in A .
(ii) The cobordism classes of n-dimensional (normal, symmetric Poincare)
pairs in A are in natural oneone correspondence with the cobordism classes
of (n 1)-dimensional quadratic Poincare complexes in A .
Proof (i) An n-dimensional normal complex (C, , , ) in A determines
the n-dimensional (symmetric, quadratic) Poincare pair in A
(iC : CC n , (, ))
defined by
iC = (0 1) : Cr = Cr+1 C nr C nr ,
( )
dC ()r 0
dC = :
0 ()r dC
Cr = Cr+1 C nr Cr1 = Cr C nr+1 ,
( )
0 0
0 = :
1 + n 0 n1
with
: N Ln (A) Ln1 (A) ; (C, , , ) (C, )
given by the quadratic boundary (2.9) of normal complexes.
Proof The identities L b n (A) = N Ln (A) (n Z) are immediate from 2.8 (i)
and its relative version relating (symmetric, quadratic) Poincare triads and
normal pairs. See Ranicki [146, 2.1] for algebraic Poincare triads.
. . .
Lhn (R) bn
H (Z2 ; K
Lpn (R) e 0 (R)) . . . .
Lhn1 (R)
Thus the free and projective hyperquadratic L-groups of R coincide
b (R) = L
L b h (R) = L b p (R) .
Similarly, the hyperquadratic L-groups of the categories Ah (R) and Ap (R)
b (R)
coincide, being the 4-periodic versions of the hyperquadratic L-groups L
b n (Ah (R)) = L
L b n (Ap (R)) = lim L b n+4k (R) (n Z) ,
k
the direct limits being taken with respect to the double skew-suspension
maps. Use the isomorphisms given by 2.11
N L (Aq (R))
= Lb (Aq (R)) (q = h, p)
to write
N L (R) = N Lh (R) = N Lp (R) = lim b +4k (R) .
L
k
Remark 2.13 The exact sequence of 2.11 for A = A (R) = Ah (R) is the
algebraic analogue of the exact sequence of Levitt [92], Jones [80], Quinn
[132] and Hausmann and Vogel [75]
. . . N
n+1 (K) Ln (Z[]) P
n (K) N
n (K) . . . ,
2. Algebraic normal complexes 47
with P N
n (K) (resp. n (K)) the bordism group of maps X K from n-
dimensional geometric Poincare (resp. normal) complexes, with = 1 (K)
the fundamental group of K and n 5. The symmetric signature of
Mishchenko [115] and Ranicki [145, 1] defines a map from geometric to
symmetric Poincare bordism
e ) .
: P (K) Ln (Z[]) ; X (X) = (C(X),
n
The hyperquadratic signature of Ranicki [146, p. 619] defines a map from
geometric to algebraic normal bordism
b : N
n (K) L b n (Z[]) ; X e , , ) .
b (X) = (C(X),
The signature maps fit together to define a map of exact sequences
... wN
n+1 (K)
w L (Z[])
n w P
n (K) w N
n (K) w ...
u u u
Example 2.14 (i) Let R be a ring with involution, and let (B, ) be a
chain bundle over R, with B a free R-module chain complex (not necessarily
finite or finitely generated). The cobordism groups Ln (B, ) (n 0) of n-
dimensional symmetric Poincare complexes (C, , , ) in A (R) with a chain
bundle map (f, b): (C, )(B, ) fit into an exact sequence
. . . Ln (R) Ln (B, ) Qn (B, ) Ln1 (R) . . .
with
Ln (R) Ln (B, ) ; (C, ) ((C, (1 + T ), 0, ), 0) ,
Ln (B, ) Qn (B, ) ; ((C, , , ), (f, b)) (f, b)% (, ) ,
: Qn (B, ) Ln1 (R) ; (, ) (B, , , ) ,
where (B, , , ) the restriction of (B, , , ) to any finite subcomplex
B B supporting (, ) Qn (B, ). As in Weiss [186] there is defined
48 Algebraic L-theory and topological manifolds
By analogy with the observation of Quinn [132] that the mapping cylinder
of a map of geometric normal complexes defines a cobordism, we have:
Proposition 2.15 The algebraic mapping cylinder of a map of n-dimen-
sional normal complexes in A
(f, b) : (C , , , ) (C, , , )
is an (n + 1)-dimensional normal pair in A
M (f, b) =
( (f 1): C C
C , ((, , ), ( , , )) , b 0 ) ,
2. Algebraic normal complexes 49
N L () normal
complexes in A which are B-contractible and C-Poincare. The main re-
sult of 3 is the exact sequence relating quadratic, symmetric and normal
L-groups of an algebraic bordism category.
As in 1,2 let A be an additive category with chain duality, and let B (A)
be the additive category of finite chain complexes in A and chain maps.
Definition 3.1 (i) A subcategory C B (A) is closed if it is a full additive
subcategory such that the algebraic mapping cone C(f ) of any chain map
f : CD in C is an object in C.
(ii) A chain complex C in A is C-contractible if it belongs to C. A chain map
f : CD in A is a C-equivalence.18 if the algebraic mapping cone C(f ) is
C-contractible. { {
symmetric (C, )
(iii) An n-dimensional complex in A is C-contractible
quadratic (C, )
C and C n are C-contractible.
if the chain complexes { {
symmetric (C, )
(iv) An n-dimensional complex in A is C-Poincare if
quadratic (C, )
the chain complex
{
C = S 1 C(0 : C n C)
C = S 1 C((1 + T )0 : C n C)
is C-contractible.
Example 3.3 For any additive category with chain duality A there is de-
fined an algebraic bordism category
(A) = (A, B (A), C (A))
with B (A) the category of finite chain complexes in A, and C (A) B (A)
52 Algebraic L-theory and topological manifolds
Example 3.6 The algebraic bordism category (A) = (A, B (A), C (A)) of
3.3 is such that Qb (C) = 0 for C (A)-contractible (= contractible) B (A)-
contractible (= any) finite chain complexes in A, so that
N L ((A)) = L ((A)) = L (A) .
3. Algebraic bordism categories 53
T F T (A)
GT (A)
w F T (A)
2
T G(A) F e(A)
u u
2
T F (A)
e F (A)
w F (A) .
Proposition 3.8 A functor of algebraic bordism categories
F : = (A, B, C) = (A , B , C )
induces morphisms of L-groups
F : L () L ( )
F : L () L ( )
F : N L () N L ( )
L (F )
and there are defined relative L-groups L (F ) to fit into a long exact
N L (F )
sequence
n
F
Ln ( ) Ln (F ) Ln1 () . . .
. . . L ()
F
. . . Ln () Ln ( ) Ln (F ) Ln1 () . . .
F
. . . N Ln () N Ln ( ) N Ln (F ) N Ln1 () . . . .
Proof For any objects M, N in A define a chain map of abelian group
chain complexes
F (M, N ) : M A N F (M ) A F (N ) ;
(: T (M )N ) (F ()G(M ): T F (M )F T (M )F (N ))
which is compatible with the duality equivalences. An n-dimensional sym-
metric complex (C, ) in induces an n-dimensional symmetric complex
(F (C), F ()) in . Similarly for quadratic and normal complexes, and also
for pairs. Working as in Ranicki [146, 2] define the relative L-group Ln (F )
54 Algebraic L-theory and topological manifolds
Proposition 3.9 Let A be an additive category with chain duality, and let
(B B (A), C B, D C) be a triple of closed subcategories of B (A). The
relative L-groups of the functor of algebraic bordism categories
F : = (A, B, D) = (A, B, C)
defined by inclusion are given up to isomorphism by the absolute L-groups
of the algebraic bordism category = (A, C, D)
(i) Ln (F ) = Ln1 ( )
(ii) Ln (F ) = Ln1 ( )
(iii) N Ln (F ) = Ln1 ( )
and there are defined exact sequences
(i) . . . Ln ( ) Ln ( ) Ln () Ln1 ( ) . . .
(ii) . . . Ln ( ) Ln ( ) Ln () Ln1 ( ) . . .
(iii) . . . Ln ( ) N Ln ( ) N Ln () Ln1 ( ) . . .
with given by the boundary of 1.14 for (i) and (ii), and by 2.10 for (iii).
Proof (i) The relative symmetric L-group Ln (F ) is the cobordism group of
n-dimensional symmetric pairs (f : CD, (, )) in (A, B, C) with (C, )
defined in (A, B, D) (i.e. the pair is B-contractible, C-Poincare and the
boundary is D-Poincare). Define inverse isomorphisms
Ln1 (A, C, D) Ln (F ) ; (C, ) ((C, ), (C0, (0, ))) ,
Ln (F ) Ln1 (A, C, D) ; (f : CD, (, )) (C , )
with (C , ) the (n 1)-dimensional symmetric complex in (A, C, D) ob-
tained from (C, ) by algebraic surgery on the n-dimensional symmetric
pair (f : CD, (, )) in (A, B, C).
(ii) As for (i), with symmetric replaced by quadratic.
(iii) As for (i), with symmetric replaced by normal, and using 2.9 (ii) to
obtain a quadratic structure on the eect of surgery on a normal pair.
Example 3.10 For any algebraic bordism category = (A, B, C) the exact
sequence of 3.9 (iii) for the triple (B, B, C) can be written as
1+T J
. . . Ln () N Ln () N Ln () b Ln1 () . . .
with b = (A, B, B). If satisfies the hypothesis of 3.5 then N L () can be
replaced by L (). In particular, this can be done for the algebraic bordism
category = (A) of 3.3 (cf. 3.6), recovering the exact sequence of 2.12
1+T J
. . . Ln (A) Ln (A) N Ln (A) Ln1 (A) . . . .
Remark 3.12 In dealing with the free L-theory of a ring with involution R
the terminology is abbreviated, writing
h (R) = (R) = (A (R), B (R), C (R)) ,
Ln ((R)) = Ln+4
h (R) = Ln+4 (R) ,
Ln ((R)) = Lhn (R) = Ln (R) ,
b
(R) b
= (A (R), B (R), B (R)) , N Ln ((R)) = N Ln (R) .
because
(i) for every finite chain complex C in A (R) localization defines isomor-
phisms of abelian groups
lim
Qn (D) lim
Qn (S 1 D) = Qn (S 1 C) (n Z)
CD CD
with the direct limits taken over all the finite chain complexes D in
A (R) with a C (R, S)-equivalence C D,
(ii) every finite chain complex in A(S 1 R) is C (S 1 R)-equivalent to S 1 C
for a finite chain complex C in A (R).
Let Ln (R, S) = Ln1 ((R, S)), the cobordism group of (n 1)-dimensional
quadratic Poincare complexes (C, ) in A (R) with C in C(R, S). The lo-
calization exact sequence of Ranicki [146, 4]
. . . Ln (R) Ln (S 1 R) Ln (R, S) Ln1 (R) . . .
is isomorphic to the exact sequence of 3.9 (ii)
. . . Ln ((R)) Ln ((R, S)) Ln1 ((R, S))
Ln1 ((R)) . . . .
The quadratic L-group Ln (R, S) is isomorphic to the cobordism group of
n-dimensional quadratic Poincare complexes in the category of S-torsion
R-modules of homological dimension 1. In particular, the boundary map
for n = 0
: L0 (S 1 R) = L0 ((R, S)) L0 (R, S) = L1 ((R, S))
sends the Witt class of a nonsingular quadratic form S 1 (M, , ) over
S 1 R induced from a quadratic form (M, , ) over R to the Witt class of
a nonsingular S 1 R/R-valued quadratic linking form
S 1 (M, , ) = (M, , ) ,
with
M = coker(: M M ) ,
: M M S 1 R/R ; x (y x(z)/s)
(x, y M , z M , s S , (z) = sy M ) .
Similarly for the symmetric L-groups.
58 Algebraic L-theory and topological manifolds
N N N N
N N N N
NN NN
L (A, C, D )
P
N
n
N L (A, B, D) N L (A, B, B)
NPN
n
NNN
n
NN N
N
NP
n
L (A, B, D)
N NN
P
N L (A, B, C)
n
N N NN
N N
NL n+1
'''
(A, B, B)
[]
[
n
''
L (A, B, C)
''
L
[ ]
[
(A, C, D ) .
n1
'' [ [
'[[[ '' [[
[
Proof The exact sequences through L (A, C, D) are given by 3.9 (ii), and
those through N L (A, B, B) by 3.9 (iii).
Example 3.17 (i) The{algebraic bordism category (A) = (A, {B (A), C (A))
symmetric symmetric
of 3.3 is stable. The L-groups of (A) are the
quadratic quadratic
L-groups of the additive category with chain duality A
{
L ((A)) = L (A)
L ((A)) = L (A) .
Also, by 3.5 the normal L-groups of (A) are the symmetric L-groups of A
N L ((A)) = L (A) ,
since Qb (C) = 0 for any C (A)-contractible (= contractible) finite chain
complex in A .
(ii) The normal L-groups of (A) = (A, B (A), B (A)) are the normal L-
groups of A
N L ((A)) = N L (A) .
Example 3.18 Given a ring with involution R define the algebraic bordism
category
+ (R) = (A (R), B+ (R), C+ (R))
with A (R) the additive category of f.g. free R-modules, B+ (R) the additive
category of finite chain complexes C in A (R) which are positive (i.e. Cr = 0
for r < 0), and C+ (R) B+ (R) the subcategory of the contractible positive
complexes. The inclusion + (R) (R) in the algebraic bordism
{ category
symmetric
(R) of 3.12 induces the natural maps to the 4-periodic L-
quadratic
groups of R
{ n
L (+ (R)) Ln ((R)) = Ln (A (R)) = Ln+4 (R)
(n Z) .
Ln (+ (R)) Ln ((R)) = Ln (A (R)) = Ln+4 (R)
60 Algebraic L-theory and topological manifolds
Example 3.20 Let (A, B, C) = (Aq (R), Bq (R), Cq (R)) (q = p, h, s) for some
ring with involution R. The following conditions on an n-dimensional chain
complex C in A are equivalent:
(i) C is highly connected,
(ii) C is highly B-connected,
(iii) H r (C) = Hr (C) = 0 for 2r > n,
(iv) C is C-equivalent to an n-dimensional chain complex D in A such that
Dr = 0 for 2r > n.
(iii) Forgetting the K-based structure defines the covariant assembly functor
A (K) A ; M M (K) = M ()
K
A (K) A ; M M (K) = M () .
K
{ {
chain (K)
Example 4.2 The simplicial complex of K is a finite
{ cochain (K)
A (Z) (K)
chain complex in with
A (Z) (K)
{
(K)() = S || Z
( K) .
(K) () = S || Z
64 Algebraic L-theory and topological manifolds
Regard the simplicial complex K as a category with one object for each
simplex K and one morphism for each face inclusion .
{
A [K]
Definition 4.3 Let be the additive category with objects the
A [K]
{
covariant
functors
contravariant
M : K A ; M []
Definition 4.4 Define the covariant assembly functor for a simplicial com-
plex K
{
B (A) [K] = B (A [K]) B (A (K)) ; C C [K]
B (A [K]) B (A (K)) ; C C [K]
{
A [K]
by sending a finite chain complex C in to the finite chain complex
{ { A [K]
C [K] A (K)
in with
C [K] A (K)
C [K] r = C[]r+|| , C [K]() = S || C[]
K
( K) .
||
C [K] r = C[] r|| , C [K]() = S C[]
K
4. Categories over complexes 65
{
Example 4.5 The assembly of the 0-dimensional chain complex Z in
A (Z) [K]
defined by
A (Z) [K]
Z : K A (Z) B (A (Z)) ; Z[] = Z
{
cochain
with the identity structure chain maps Z[] = Z[ ] is the simplicial
chain
complex of K
{
Z [K] = (K)
Z [K] = (K)
{
A (Z) (K)
already considered in 4.2 above as a chain complex in
A (Z) (K).
{
Remark 4.6 If A is embedded in an abelian category the double complex
C [K]
of 4.4 determines a spectral sequence E(C) with E 2 -terms
C [K]
{ p
2 H (K; {Hq (C[])})
Ep,q =
Hp (K; {Hq (C[])}) ,
66 Algebraic L-theory and topological manifolds
{
H (C [K])
which converges to with respect to the filtration defined by
H (C [K])
F p C [K] q = C[]q+|| C [K]q
K,||p
Fp C [K]q = C[]q|| C [K]q .
K,||p
Remark 4.8 Given an additive category A let D (A) be the homotopy cat-
egory of finite
{ chain complexes in A and chain homotopy classes of chain
D (A [K])
maps. Let be the localization of the triangulated category
{ D (A [K]) {
D (A [K]) A [K]
inverting the chain complexes C in such that each
D (A [K]) A [K]
of the chain complexes C[] ( K) in A is contractible. Using the
methods
{ of Ranicki and Weiss [150, 3] it can be shown that the functor
A (K)A [K]
is a full embedding which determines an equivalence of
A (K)A [K]
the homotopy categories
D (A (K))
D (A [K]) ; C [C] ,
D (A (K)) D (A [K]) ; C [C] .
Proposition 4.9 For any finite chain complex C in A (K) the assembly
[C] [K] of the finite chain complex [C] in A [K] is naturally chain equivalent
to the finite chain complex C (K) in A obtained by forgetting the K-based
structure.
Proof Define a natural chain equivalence in A
C : [C] [K] C (K)
by
C : [C] [K]n = ((|| ) Z C())n
K
C (K)n = C()n ; a b (a)b ,
K
using the chain equivalences : (|| ) Z in A (Z) defined by augmen-
tation.
with boundary
D(, K) = D(, K) = {b bp K | < 0 < 1 < . . . < p } .
b1 . . .
0
>
The barycentric subdivision of the link of K is isomorphic to the bound-
ary of the dual cell D(, K)
(linkK ())
= D(, K) .
The star and link in K of the barycentre
b K of K are given by the
joins
(starK (b )) = (D(, K), D(, K)) .
), linkK (b
The local homology groups of |K| at a point x |K| in the interior of K
are given by
H (|K|, |K|\{x}) = H (K, K\stK ()) ,
with
stK () = { K | }
the open star of in K. Now S || (K, K\stK ()) is the cellular chain
complex of the relative CW pair (|D(, K)|, |D(, K)|), with one q-cell
eq = |D(, K) |
= | {b0 b1 . . . bp K | 0 < 1 < . . . < p }| (q = | | ||)
for each stK (). The subdivision chain equivalence
S || (K, K\stK ()) = C(|D(, K)|, |D(, K)|)
(|D(, K)|, |D(, K)|)
induces isomorphisms
H (K, K\stK ()) = H|| (D(, K), D(, K)) .
The following conditions on a locally finite simplicial complex K are equiv-
alent:
(i) the polyhedron |K| is an n-dimensional homology manifold, i.e. the
local homology of |K| at each point x |K| is
{
Z if = n
H (|K|, |K|\{x}) = H (R , R \{0}) =
n n
0 otherwise,
(ii) K is a combinatorial homology n-manifold, i.e. for each simplex K
H (K, K\stK ()) = H (Rn , Rn \{0}) ,
(iii) each linkK () ( K) is an (n || 1)-dimensional homology sphere
{
n||1 Z if = 0 , n || 1
H (linkK ()) = H (S ) =
0 otherwise ,
(iv) each D(, K) ( K) is an (n||1)-dimensional homology sphere,
4. Categories over complexes 69
By contrast with 4.9, for a finite chain complex C in A (K) the assembly
[C] [K] is not chain equivalent to C (K). If K is an oriented n-dimensional
homology manifold with boundary K then [C] [K] is chain equivalent to
S n (C (K)/C (K)).
Example 4.11 As in 4.2 regard the simplicial cochain complex (K) as
a chain complex in A (Z) (K), with
(K) () = S || Z ( K) .
The associated chain complex [(K) ] in A (Z) [K] is such that
[(K) ][] = (K, K\stK ()) ( K) .
The spectral sequence E([(K) ]) of 4.6 is the dihomology spectral se-
quence of Zeeman [192] converging to H (K), with
2
Ep,q = Hp (K; {H q (K, K\stK ())}) .
If K is an n-dimensional homology manifold
{
Z if r = n
r
H (K, K\stK ()) = ( K) ,
0 otherwise
and the spectral sequence collapses to the Poincare duality isomorphisms
H n (K) = H (K) ,
using twisted coecients in the nonorientable case. See McCrory [106] for
a geometric interpretation of the Zeeman spectral sequence.
Example 4.12 The simplicial chain complex (K) is Z-module chain equiv-
alent to the assembly B [K] of the chain complex B in A (Z) [K] defined
by
B[] = (K, K\stK ()) ( K) ,
with a chain equivalence
(K) B [K] ;
b.
For any n-cycle [K] n (K) let
[K][] Bn [] = n (K, K\stK ()) ( K)
be the image n-cycles. Evaluation on [K] defines a chain map in A (Z) [K]
= [K], : S n Z B
70 Algebraic L-theory and topological manifolds
with
[K]
[] = [K][], : S n Z[] = S n Z (K)
B[] = (K, K\stK ()) .
The assembly of is the cap product Z-module chain map
[K] = [K] : S n Z[K] = (K)n B [K] (K) .
The following conditions on K are equivalent:
(i) K is an n-dimensional homology manifold with fundamental class
[K] Hn (K), with each [] ( K) a Z-module chain equivalence,
(ii) : S n ZB is a chain equivalence in A (Z) [K].
For a homology manifold K the assembly [K] is the Poincare duality chain
equivalence.
with
Ep,q = im(Hp+q (Fp [X])Hp+q (X))/im(Hp+q (Fp1 [X])Hp+q (X)) .
5. Duality
An algebraic bordism category = (A, B, C) and a locally finite simplicial
complex K will now be shown to determine an algebraic bordism category
{
(K) = (A (K), B (K), C (K))
(K) = (A (K), B (K), C (K))
{
contravariantly
which depends on K. In 13 below the symmetric (resp.
covariantly
quadratic)
{ L-groups of this category will be identified with the generalized
cohomology
groups of K
homology
{ n
L ( (K)) = H n (K; L.())
Ln ( (K)) = Hn (K; L.())
{
( Ln ( (K)) = H n (K; L. ()) )
resp. (n Z)
Ln ( (K)) = Hn (K; L. ())
.
with coecients in an -spectrum L () (resp. L. ()) of Kan -sets such
that
n (L.()) = Ln () (resp. n (L. ()) = Ln ()) .
Algebraic Poincare complexes in (K) are analogues of the mock bun-
dles over K used by Buoncristiano, Rourke and Sanderson [22] as cocycles
for generalized cohomology h (K). For P L bordism h = P L a (d)-
dimensional cocycle p : EK is a d-dimensional mock bundle, a P L map
such that the inverse image p1 () ( K) is a (d + ||)-dimensional P L
manifold with boundary p1 (). Dually, algebraic Poincare complexes in
(K) are analogues of manifold cycles for generalized homology h (K).
For P L bordism a d-dimensional cycle p : EK is just a P L map from a
d-dimensional P L manifold E, in which case the inverse image p1 (D(, K))
( K) is a (d ||)-dimensional manifold with boundary p1 (D(, K)).
For the additive category M (Z) = {Z-modules} write
{ {
M (Z) (K) = Z (K) M (Z) [K] = Z [K]
, .
M (Z) (K) = Z (K) M (Z) [K] = Z [K]
For any finite chain complexes C, D in A there is defined an abelian group
{ C A D = HomA (T C, D) as in 3. Given
chain complex { chain complexes
A [K] Z [K]
C, D in define a chain complex C A D in by
A [K] Z [K]
(C A D)[] = C[] A D[] ( K) ,
and let
TC,D : C A D D A C
5. Duality 75
to a 0-cycle
{
e(M ) (T M A (K) M )0 = HomA (K) (T 2 M, M )0
e(M ) (T M A (K) M )0 = HomA (K) (T 2 M, M )0 ,
defining a natural transformation
{
e : T 2 1 : A (K) B (A (K))
e : T 2 1 : A (K) B (A (K))
such that e(T M ) . T (e(M{)) = 1. {
B (K) B (A (K))
The additive category is the full subcategory of
B (K) { B (A (K))
A (K)
with objects the finite chain complexes C in such that each C()
A (K)
K) is an object in B. {
( { The dual chain complex T C is then also defined
B (K) C (K)
in Similarly for
B (K). C (K).
Example 5.3 The chain complexes B, C in A (Z) (K) defined in 4.2 and
4.15 by
B() = S || Z , B (K) = (K) ,
C() = (D(, K), D(, K)) , C (K) = (K ) (K)
are dual to each other, with the subdivision chain equivalences in A (Z)
T B() = S || (K, K\stK ()) C() = (D(, K), D(, K))
defining a chain equivalence T B C in A (Z) (K).
{
Proposition 5.6 Let = (A, B, C) be an algebraic bordism category.
A map f : JK of finite ordered simplicial complexes induces
{ simplicial
contravariantly
a covariant functor of algebraic bordism categories
covariantly
{
f : (K) (J)
f : (J) (K) ,
inducing morphisms of the symmetric L-groups
{
f : Ln ( (K)) = H n (K; L.()) Ln ( (J)) = H n (J; L.())
f : Ln ( (J)) = Hn (J; L.()) Ln ( (K)) = Hn (K; L.()) .
Similarly for the quadratic L-groups.
Proof See 13 below for the identifications of the L-groups with the gen-
eralized (co)homology groups.
(i) The functor induced by a -map f : JK is defined by
f : A (K) A (J) ; M f M , f M () = M (f ) ,
with T (f M ) = f (T M ).
(ii) The functor f : (J) (K) induced by a simplicial map f : JK
is given by
f : A (J) A (K) ; M f M , f M ( ) = M () ,
J,f =
with
(f M ) (K) = M (J) = M () .
J
by
( )
f (M ) : [M ] [J]r = (|| ) Z M () r
J
( )
[f M ] [K]r = (|f | ) Z M () r
; a b f a b .
J
The dual C-equivalences determine a natural C (K)-equivalence
G(M ) = T (f (M )) : T (f M ) f (T M ) ,
making F = f : (J) (K) a functor of algebraic bordism categories.
Example 5.10 The dual in the sense of 5.9 of the object Z in A (Z) [K]
of 4.5 is the chain complex [(K) ] in A (Z) [K] associated to the chain
complex (K) in A (Z) (K) of 4.2
T Z = [(K) ] ,
with
T Z[] = [(K) ][] = (K, K\stK ()) ( K) .
80 Algebraic L-theory and topological manifolds
and let
: (X) D D[] S || (X[], X[])
be the chain map determined by the projection of the total complexes. (See
8.2 below for a direct construction of .) The n-dimensional symmetric
complex (C, ) in A (Z) (K) is such that
0 () = [X()] : C n () = (X[])n||
C() = (X[], X[]) ,
with
[X[]] = ([X]) Hn|| (X[], X[]) ( K) .
The spectral sequence E = E([C n ]) of 4.6 is the spectral sequence of the
82 Algebraic L-theory and topological manifolds
Cap product with [X] [C] [K]n defines a map of double complexes
[X] : D D
given on the E 2 -level by the cap products
2
{[X[]] } : E p,q = Hp (K; {H n||q (X[], X[])})
Ep,q
2
= Hp (K; {Hq (X[])})
and converging to the cap product
[X] : H n (X) H (X)
on the E -level. In particular, if each (X[], X[]) ( K) is an (n
||)-dimensional Z-coecient geometric Poincare pair then (C, ) is an n-
dimensional symmetric Poincare complex in A (Z) (K) and X is an n-
dimensional Z-coecient geometric Poincare complex. This is a general-
ization of the familiar result that a homology manifold is a Poincare space.
and 5.5 gives the Zeeman dihomology spectral sequence E (already discussed
in 4.11) converging to H n (K), with
2
E p,q = Hp (K; {H n||q (D(, K), D(, K))}) .
s = 0 (Z Z Z) [K]n+s (s 1)
such that the assembly in A (Z) is the n-dimensional symmetric complex
(Z, ) [K] = ((K), K ([K]))
considered in Ranicki [145]. By 5.10 the n-dual of Z is the chain complex
in A (Z) [K]
Zn = S n T Z = [C]
associated to the chain complex C in A (Z) (K) with
C() = S n|| Z , C (K) = (K)n ,
Zn [] = [C][] = (K, K\stK ())n ( K) .
84 Algebraic L-theory and topological manifolds
The assembly duality chain map 0 [K]: (Zn ) [K]Z [K] in A (Z) fits
into a chain homotopy commutative diagram
hh
(Zn ) [K] = [C] [K]
0 [K]
w Z [K] = (K)
hh
C j
[K]
C (K) = (K)n
Example 7.3 The adjoint of the Flexner chain level cap product (4.13) is
a Z-module chain equivalence
AF : (K) Hom(Z,K) ((K) , (K )) (K ) Z (K ) ,
by the special case f = g = 1: X = Y = KK of 7.2.
Definition 7.5 The derived Hom of (R, K)-modules M, N is the (R, K)-
module chain complex
RHom(R,K) (M, N ) = T M R N .
88 Algebraic L-theory and topological manifolds
The derived Hom defined for any (R, K)-module chain complexes C, D by
RHom(R,K) (C, D) = T C R D ,
is such that there is defined an R-module chain equivalence
T CR D : Hom(R,K) (C, D) = [RHom(R,K) (C, D)][K] = [T C R D][K]
RHom(R,K) (C, D)(K) = (T C R D)(K) .
Proposition 7.6 The (R, K)-module chain complex (K ; R) with
(K ; R)() = (D(, K), D(, K); R) ( K)
is a dualizing complex for the chain duality T : A (R, K)B (A (R, K)) with
respect to the derived Hom, meaning that T is naturally chain equivalent to
the contravariant functor
T = RHom(R,K) (, (K ; R)) : A (R, K) B (A (R, K)) ;
M T M = RHom(R,K) (M, (K ; R)) .
Proof Use the augmentation R-module chain maps : (K ; R)()R
to define a natural transformation T T
T M () = (T M R (K ; R))() T M () R R = T M () ;
x() y() x() y() .
This is a natural chain equivalence, since the R-module chain maps
1 : [T M ][] = [T M ][] R [(K ; R)][]
= [T M ][] R (D(, K); R) [T M ][] R R = [T M ][]
are chain equivalences.
More generally, for any (R, K)-module chain complex C 7.6 gives a natural
(R, K)-module chain equivalence
T C RHom(R,K) (C, (K ; R)) .
A simplicial map f : KL induces a pullback functor
f : A [R, L] A [R, K] ; M f M , f M [] = M [f ] .
Example 7.7 The [R, K]-module chain complex associated to the dualizing
(R, K)-module chain complex (K ; R) is chain equivalent in A [R, K] to
the pullback f R along the simplicial map f : K
{} of the [R, {}]-module
R
[(K ; R)] f R .
Specifically, the augmentation maps define chain equivalences
[] : [(K ; R)][] = (D(, K); R) f R[] = R ( K) .
8. Local Poincare duality 89
From now on, the (R, K)-module chain complex [C R C][K] = C (R,K) C
will be replaced by the (R, K)-module chain equivalent complex (C R
C)(K).
Definition 8.2 (i) Given an (R, K)-module chain complex C define the R-
module chain map : C(K)S || C() for each simplex = (v0 v1 . . . v|| )
90 Algebraic L-theory and topological manifolds
in K to be the composite
projection
: C(K)n = C( )n C(0 )n
K
d1 d2 d||
C(1 )n1 C(2 )n2 . . . C()n|| ,
with 0 < 1 < . . . < || = defined by j = (v0 v1 . . . vj ) (0 j ||)
and dj : C(j1 )nj+1 C(j )nj (1 j ||) the relevant components
of dC(K) : C(K)nj+1 C(K) { nj . {
symmetric (C, )
(ii) Given an n-dimensional complex in A (R, K) de-
quadratic (C, )
{
symmetric
fine for each K an (n ||)-dimensional pair in A (R)
quadratic
{
(C, )[] = (i[]: [C][][C][], ([], []))
(C, )[] = (i[]: [C][][C][], ([], []))
with
i[] = inclusion : [C][]r = C( )r [C][]r = C( )r .
>
Example 8.3 Let C be the (Z, K)-module chain complex defined as in 4.13
by
C(K) = (K ) , C() = (D(, K), D(, K)) ( K) .
8. Local Poincare duality 91
The Z-module chain map : C(K)S || C() of 8.2 induces the natural
maps passing from the global (= ordinary) homology of |K| to the local
b |K|
homology at
projection
: H (C(K)) = H (K ) = H (K) = H (|K|)
H (|K|, |K|\{b
}) = H (K, K\stK ())
= H (starK (b )) = H ( (D(, K), D(, K)))
), linkK (b
= H|| (D(, K), D(, K)) = H|| (C()) .
If K is an n-dimensional homology manifold the images of the fundamental
class [K] Hn (K)
([K]) = [D(, K)] Hn|| (D(, K), D(, K)) ( K)
are the fundamental classes of the (n ||)-dimensional geometric Poincare
pairs (D(, K), D(, K)).
{ {
symmetric (C, )
Proposition 8.4 An n-dimensional complex in
quadratic (C, )
{
(C, )[]
A (R, K) is locally Poincare if and only if each ( K) is
{ (C, )[]
symmetric
an (n ||)-dimensional Poincare pair in A (R).
quadratic
Proof By 4.7 a chain map f : CD in A (R, K) is a chain equivalence if
and only if the (, )-component f (, ): C()D() is a chain equiva-
lence in A (R) for each K. The duality R-module chain map
[C][]n|| = C n () [C][]/[C][] = C()
{
(C, )[]
of is the (, )-component of the duality (R, K)-module chain
(C,
{ )[] {
0 : C n C (C, )
map of .
(1 + T )0 : C n
C (C, )
[C][K]
[0 ]
w [CZC][K]
C C Z C
u u
C(K)
0
w (CZC)(K)
is a chain equivalence, and
(C (Z,K) C)(K) (K) , C(K) Z C(K) (K K) .
By 5.5 the dual (Z, K)-module chain complex T C is such that
T C() = (D(, K))|| S || Z ( K) , T C(K) (K) ,
and
(T C (Z,K) T C)(K) (K K, K K\) ,
T C(K) Z T C(K) (K K) .
The product K K (or rather K K) is a 2n-dimensional pseudomanifold,
and the diagonal map of polyhedra
: |K| |K| |K| ; x (x, x)
8. Local Poincare duality 93
9. Universal assembly
Universal assembly is the forgetful map from the L-groups of local algebraic
bordism categories to the L-groups of global algebraic bordism categories,
such as
A : L ((R) (K)) = H (K; L. (R)) L ((R, K)) = L (R[1 (K)]) .
In 9 only the oriented case is considered; the modifications required for the
nonorientable case are dealt with in Appendix A.
With R, K as in 8, let = 1 (K) be the fundamental group, and let R[]
be the fundamental group ring. The assembly functor B (A[R, K])B (R)
e of K:
of 4.4 can be lifted to the universal cover K
Definition 9.1 (i) The [R, K]-module chain complex universal assembly is
the functor ASS095!!xxx xxbbb[R, K]xxra1xxbbb(R[])
e
B [R, K] = B (A[R, K]) B (R[]) ; C C[K]
with
e r =
C[K] C[p ]r|| .
e
K
e K is the covering projection.
Here, p : K
(ii) The (R, K)-module universal assembly is the functor ASS095!!xxx xxbba(R, K)xxra1xxbba(R[
A (R, K) A (R[]) ; M M (K) e = M (p) ,
e
K
with the R[]-module structure induced from the action of on the universal
cover K e by covering translations. An (R, K)-module morphism f : M N
assembles to the R[]-module morphism f: M (K) e N (K)
e with compo-
nents {
f (, ) if
f( , ) = : M () = M () N ( ) = N ( ) .
0 otherwise
Let C be a f.g. free (R, K)-module chain complex. The R-module chain
equivalence C : [C][K]C(K) of 4.9 lifts to an R[]-module chain equiv-
alence
e C(K)
C : [C][K] e ,
so that the universal assembly constructions of 9.1 (i) and (ii) agree up to
chain equivalence.
Proposition 9.2 If f : CD is a chain map of finite [R, K]-module chain
complexes such that each f []: C[]D[] ( K) is an R-module chain
e C[K]
equivalence then the universal assembly f [K]: e D[K] e is an R[]-
module chain equivalence.
96 Algebraic L-theory and topological manifolds
Example 9.3 The universal assembly of the f.g. free [R, K]-module chain
complex R defined as in 4.5 by
R[] = R ( K)
e
is the simplicial R[]-module chain complex of the universal cover K
e = (K;
R[K] e R) .
s = 0 (R R R)[K]n+s (s 1)
is the n-dimensional symmetric complex in A (R[]) defined above
e = ((K;
(R, )[K] e R), K ([K]))
and there is defined a chain homotopy commutative diagram
e
Rn [K] hh
e = [C][K]
e 0 [K]
w e = (K;
R[K] e R)
hh [K]
j
C
e = (K;
C(K) e R)n
with C the chain equivalence given by 4.9. Here, 0 [K] is the assembly of
the [R, K]-module chain map 0 : Rn R with the components
0 [] = [K][], :
Rn [] = (K, K\stK (); R)n R[] = R ;
{
r if , | | = n
0 otherwise
with [K][] the image of [K]
[K][] = r (K, K\stK (); R)n ( K) .
,| |=n
Definition 9.7
symmetric
visible symmetric
The L-groups of (R, K) are the LGRSYM099!!xxx xxx
quadratic
normal
L (R, K) LGRNOR099!!xxx xxx N L (R, K) LGRVIS099!!xxx visible sym-
metric xxhfilxxbreak xxx xxx V L (R, K) LGRQUA099!!xxx xxx L (R, K)
symmetric
normal
L-groups
quadratic
normal n
L (R, K) = Ln ((R, K))
V Ln (R, K) = N Ln ((R, K))
(n Z)
Ln (R, K) = Ln ((R, K))
b
N Ln (R, K) = N Ln ((R, K))
with
(R, K) = (A (R, K), B (R, K), C (R, K)) ,
b
(R, K) = (A (R, K), B (R, K), B (R, K)) .
The L-groups defined in 9.7 are all 4-periodic via the double skew-suspen-
sion maps, because the underlying chain complexes are only required to be
finite, allowing non-zero chain objects in negative dimensions. The (poten-
tially) aperiodic versions defined using positive chain complexes are dealt
with in 15.
The exact sequence of 3.10 can be written as
1+T J
. . . Ln (R, K) V Ln (R, K) N Ln (R, K)
Ln1 (R, K) . . . .
symmetric
visible symmetric
The L-theory universal assembly maps
quadratic
normal
A: L (R, K)L (R[])
Remark 9.9 It will be shown in 13 below that the L-groups of the local
algebraic bordism categories are generalized homology groups
n .
L ((R) (K)) = Hn (K; L (R))
L ((R) (K)) = Hn (K; L. (R)) (n Z)
n n
N L (R, K) = Hn (K; N L.(R))
with coecients in algebraic L-spectra. In particular, for a classifying space
K = B these are the generalized homology groups of the group .
C,D
C(K) e R[] D(K)e ; (K)
e
with CR D the chain equivalence given by 4.9 and
C,D : (C R D)(K) C(K) e R[] D(K)e ; x() y() x() y()
the injection constructed using any lifts of the simplexes , K with
e with = .
= to simplexes , K
C (R,K) D
C,D
w C(K)
e R[]
e
D(K)
TC,D TC(K),D(
e e
u u
K)
D (R,K) C
D,C
w e R[] C(K)
D(K) e .
9. Universal assembly 103
A()
e = (n T C)(K)
n (T C)(K) e .
e D(K)
104 Algebraic L-theory and topological manifolds
e C(K)
Thus : n T CD is a C (R, K)-equivalence if and only if (K): e n
D(K) e is a C (R[])-equivalence. The universal assembly of an n-dimen-
sional symmetric complex (C, ) in (R, K) is an n-dimensional symmetric
complex in (R[])
e = (C(K),
(C, )(K) e (K))
e ,
e W % C(K)
with (K) e n the n-cycle defined by the image of the n-cycle
(W % C)n under the Z-module chain map
% : W % C = HomZ[Z2 ] (W, C (R,K) C)
e = HomZ[Z ] (W, C(K)
W % C(K) e R[] C(K))
e .
2
(x = (x0 x1 . . . xn ) X (n) ) .
By the naturality of there is defined a commutative diagram of R-module
chain complexes and chain maps
[C][K]
[]
w [W %
C][K]
C W % C
u u
C(K) w (W %
C)(K) .
9. Universal assembly 105
Given an n-cycle
[X] = x C(K)n = (X; R)n = (X[], X[]; R)n
K K
||
use the chain maps : (X; R)S (X[], X[]; R) given by 9.5 to
define (n ||)-cycles
[X()] = ([X]) (X[], X[]; R)n|| ( K) .
The n-cycle
= ([X]) (W % C)(K)n
defines an n-dimensional symmetric complex in A (R, K)
(X) = (C, )
such that
(X)[ ] = (X[ ], X[ ]) ( K) .
The assembly of (X) is an n-dimensional symmetric complex in A (R[])
e (K))
(C(K), e with a chain homotopy commutative diagram
e n = (X;
C(K)
[[
e R)n [X]
w C(K)
e = (X;
e R)
[][
C
e
(K)
0
e n = C n (K)
([C][K]) e
restriction
(f [ ], b[ ]) = (f, b)| :
(M [ ], M [ ]) = f 1 (D(, K), D(, K)) (D(, K), D(, K))
is a normal map from an (n | |)-dimensional{homology manifold with
normal
boundary to an (n | |)-dimensional geometric
Poincare
pair. The quadratic construction
{ of Ranicki [145] associates to (f, b) an
globally
n-dimensional quadratic Poincare complex in A (Z, K)
locally
(f, b) = (C(f ! ), )
with C(f ! ) the algebraic mapping cone of the Umkehr chain map in A (Z, K)
([K ])1 f [M ]
f : (K ) (K )n (M )n (M ) ,
!
such that
(f, b)[ ] = (f [ ], b[ ]) ( K) .
The quadratic signature SIGQUA107!!xxx quadratic of (f, b) is the cobor-
dism class
{
Ln ((Z, K))
(f, b)
Ln ((Z) (K)) .
b (K)[ ] =
b (D(, K), D(, K)) ( K) .
The normal signature SIGNOR107!!xxx normal of K is the cobordism class
b (K) N Ln (Z, K) .
{
visible symmetric
Example 9.16 The assembly of the quadratic signature given by
normal
{
9.13 Poincare complex K
9.14 for an n-dimensional geometric normal map (f, b): M K is the
9.15 normal complex K
108 Algebraic L-theory and topological manifolds
{
visible symmetric
quadratic signature
normal
(K) im(A: V L (Z, K)V L (Z[1 (K)]))
n n
Definition 10.1 The homology assembly maps are defined for any (R, K)-
module chain complex C to be the R[1 (K)]-module morphisms
e
Hr ([C][]) Hr (C(K)) (r Z)
induced in homology by the chain map
e C(K))
Hom(R,K) (, C) = [C][] HomR[1 (K)] ((K), e e ;
= C(K)
x() x() ( ,
) .
and consider the corresponding first quadrant spectral sequence (4.6). The
E2 -terms are given by
2
Ep,q = Hp (K;e {Hq ([C][])}) = Hp (K;
e Hq ([C][])) ( = 0 for q < n ) ,
e and the homogene-
using the simple connectivity of the universal cover K
ity of C to untwist the local coecient systems. The spectral sequence
e = H (C(K))
converges to H ([C][K]) e , with
e Hp+q (C(K)))
im(Hp+q (Fp [C][K]) e
Ep,q = ( = 0 for q < n ) .
e Hp+q (C(K)))
im(Hp+q (Fp1 [C][K]) e
The assembly map in n-dimensional homology coincides with the isomor-
phism defined by the edge map
e .
2
E0,n = Hn ([C][]) E0,n
= Hn (C(K))
A quotient of the assembly map in (n + 1)-dimensional homology coincides
with the edge isomorphism
2
coker(d: E2,n E0,n+1
2 e Hn ([C][]))Hn+1 ([C][]))
) = coker(H2 (K;
E0,n+1 e .
= Hn+1 (C(K))
e : C(K)
f (K) e n (K)e = n R[1 (K)] ,
e C(K)
defining an n-cocycle f (K) e n.
e for m = n, n 1 is represented by
q > n then every element x H m (C(K))
a pair (f : CD, g: m D) of morphisms in B (R, K) with g a global
equivalence.
Proof (i) By 10.2 the homology assembly map
Hm (Hom(R,K) (, V C)) = Hm ([V C][])
e
Hm (V C(K)) = Hm (C(K))e
is an isomorphism for m = n and an epimorphism for m = n + 1.
(ii) For any finite f.g. free (R, K)-module chain complexes B, C and r Z
duality defines isomorphisms
Hr ((B R V C)(K)) = Hr (Hom(R,K) (T B, V C))
Hr ((C R V B)(K)) = Hr (Hom(R,K) (T C, V B)) ;
(f : r T BD, g: CD) (f : r T CD , g : BD )
with
D = r C(e(C) T h: T 2 CC T (1 C(f g: r T B CD))) .
Here, f , g are inclusions and h: 1 C(f g)C is the projection. Let
now C be such that H q (C(K)) e = 0 for q > n, so that the dual chain complex
T C in A (R, K) is such that Hq ((T C)(K)) e = H q (C(K))e = 0 for q < n.
By the proof of (i) the assembly map
Hm (Hom(R,K) (T C, V )) = Hm (Hom(R,K) (T , V C))
e
Hm ((T C)(K)) e
= H m (C(K))
is an isomorphism for m = n and an epimorphism for m = n 1.
If 1 (X)
= 1 (X) = 1 (K), n 5 and (f, b): (M, M )(X, X) is
(i 1)-connected with 2i n an element x Ki (M ) = H ni (C) can be
killed by geometric surgery on a framed embedded i-sphere S i in the in-
terior of M with a null-homotopy in X if and only if it can be killed by
an algebraic surgery on (C, ) using an (n + 1)-dimensional quadratic pair
(x: Cni Z[1 (K)], (, )) (as in 1.12). The following result analo-
gously relates algebraic surgery on a quadratic complex in A (R, K) to al-
gebraic surgery on the assembly in A (R[1 (K)]). It is clear how to pass
from A (R, K) to A (R[1 (K)]), so only the disassembly of a surgery in
A (R[1 (K)]) to a surgery in A (R, K) need be considered.
In conclusion:
Algebraic - Theorem 10.6 The global assembly maps in quadratic
L-theory define isomorphisms
e (K))
e
Ln (R, K) Ln (R[1 (K)]) ; (C, ) (C(K), (n Z) .
Proof Apply the criterion (*) of 3.24 to the maps induced in quadratic L-
theory by the global assembly functor (R, K)(R[1 (K)]), using 10.5
to lift surgeries in A (R[1 (K)]) to surgeries in A (R, K).
11. -sets 119
11. -sets
The semi-simplicial sets in the original theory of Kan are abstractions of the
singular complex, with both face and degeneracy operations. The -sets of
Rourke and Sanderson [155] are semi-simplicial sets without degeneracies.
The theory of -sets is used in 12 to provide combinatorial models for
generalized homology and cohomology, and in 13 to construct the algebraic
L-spectra. In 11 only the essential results of the theory are recalled see
[155] for a full exposition.
A -set K is a sequence K (n) (n 0) of sets, together with face maps
i : K (n) K (n1) (0 i n)
such that
i j = j1 i for i < j .
A -set K is locally finite if for each x K (n) and m 1 the set
{y K (m+n) | i1 i2 . . . im y = x for some i1 , i2 , . . . , im }
is finite.
The realization of a -set K is the topological space
( n )/
|K| = K (n)
n0
with the equivalence relation generated by
(a, i b) (i a, b) (a n1 , b K (n) ) ,
with i : n1 n (0 i n) the inclusion of n1 as the face opposite
the ith vertex of n .
An ordering of a simplicial complex K is a partial ordering of the vertex
set K (0) which restricts to a total ordering on the vertices v0 < v1 < . . . < vn
in any simplex = (v0 v1 . . . vn ) K (n) . As usual n = || is the dimension
of , and the faces of are the (n 1)-dimensional simplexes
i = (v0 v1 . . . vi1 vi+1 . . . vn ) (0 i n)
and their faces. In dealing with the standard n-simplex n write the vertices
as 0, 1, 2, . . . , n, ordering them by 0 < 1 < 2 < . . . < n.
A simplicial complex K is locally finite if every simplex is the face of only
a finite number of simplices.
Example 11.1 A (locally finite) ordered simplicial complex K determines
a (locally finite) -set K, with realization |K| the polyhedron of K.
Proposition 11.5 For any locally finite -set K and any Kan -set L ho-
motopy is an equivalence relation on the set of -maps KL. Realization
11. -sets 121
defines a bijection
[K, L] [|K|, |L|] ; f |f |
between the set [K, L] of homotopy classes of -maps KL and the set
[|K|, |L|] of homotopy classes of maps |K||L|.
Definition 11.8 The loop -set of a pointed Kan -set K is the pointed
Kan -set
1
K = K S
with S 1 the pointed -set defined by
{
1 (n) {s, } if n = 1
(S ) =
{} 1,
if n =
such that
n (K) = n+1 (K) (n 0) .
Note that the indexing of F is the negative of the usual terminology for
an -spectrum
G = {Gn , Gn Gn+1 | n Z} .
Definition 11.11 The mapping cofibre of a map f : KL of -spectra of
Kan -sets is the -spectrum of Kan -sets
C(f ) = {C(f )n = M (f : Kn1 Ln1 ) | n Z} .
The definition of the supplement goes back to at least Blakers and Massey
[10]. In particular
m+1 = , = m
and if J K m+1 then K J m .
Definition 12.3 Let F be an -spectrum of Kan -sets.
(i) Given a finite simplicial complex J define the -spectrum
H . (J; F ) = { H n (J; F ) | n Z}
by
H n (J; F ) = H nm (m , J; F ) ,
using the canonical embedding J m+1 (m+1 = |J (0) |), with homotopy
groups
n (H . (J; F )) = H mn (m , J; F ) (n Z) .
126 Algebraic L-theory and topological manifolds
(ii) Given a locally finite ordered simplicial complex K define the -spectrum
H . (K; F ) = lim
H . (J; F )
J
with the direct limit over finite subcomplexes J K. The homotopy groups
are such that
n (H . (K; F )) =
lim
H mn (m , J; F ) (n Z) .
J
Given a -set K let (K) be the abelian group chain complex with
(K)n the free abelian group generated by K (n) , and
n
d(K) : (K)n (K)n1 ; x ()i i x .
i=0
((m , K) p (F nm , ))
(m p+ K+ (m /K) p+ K+ F nm ) .
This is a homotopy equivalence by J. H. C. Whiteheads theorem, since it
induces the Alexander S-duality isomorphisms
n (H . (K; F )) = H mn (m , K; F ) n (K+ F ) = Hn (K; F ) (n Z) .
12. Generalized homology theory 127
H n (K, L; F ) = lim
(F nm , )(J L, J) (n Z) ,
J
with the direct limit taken over finite subcomplexes J K. The relative
F -homology groups of (K, L) are the homotopy groups of H . (K, L; F )
n (H . (K, L; F )) = Hn (K, L; F ) (n Z) .
(ii) A relative n-dimensional F -cycle (J, x) in (K, L) is an element of
H n (K, L; F )(0) , that is a finite subcomplex J K together with a col-
lection
(m||)
x = {x() F nm | J\(J L)}
such that
{
x(i ) if i J\(J L)
i x() = (0 i m ||) .
if i
/J
(F nm1 , )(L, K)
= (F nm1 , )(L , K L )
1 1 1
(F nm1 , )( , K L 0 1 )
m 1 1 1 m 1
The Kan extension condition will now be used to define the assembly map
A : H . (K; F ({})) F . (K )
for any covariant functor
F : { simplicial complexes} {-spectra} ; K F (K) .
Let m+1 m+1 be the subcomplex obtained by removing the face
m < m+1 opposite the vertex m + 1, such that
m+1 = m+1 m , m+1 m = m+1 = m .
The inclusion
(m+1 , m+1 ) (m+1 , m+1 )
is a homotopy equivalence such that for a Kan -set F the induced homo-
topy equivalence
m+1
, m+1 ) m+1
, m+1 )
(F , )( (F , )(
admits a section
m+1
: (F , )( , m+1 ) (F , )(m+1 , m+1 )
In terms of the homotopy equivalence H . (K; F ) K+ F of 12.4 the
assembly A is just the map of the F -homology -spectra K+ F {}+ F
induced by the unique simplicial map K{}
A : H . (K; F ) K+ F {}+ F = F .
An element x Hn (K; F ) is represented by an F -cycle (J K, x) with
(m||)
x = { x() F nm | J } .
Visualize A: Hn (K; F )n (F ) as assembling the components x() to an
element
A(x) = x() F (0)
n
J
representing
A(x) Hn ({}; F ) = 0 (F n ) = n (F ) .
For a subcomplex J m+1 and J let J() m be the subcom-
plex consisting of the dual simplexes m of the simplexes m+1
such that either / J or J, that is
J() = J\stJ () m
with stJ () = { J | }. If J then J() J(), and
J() = m .
J
The relative simplicial pair (J(), J) has one (m | |)-simplex for each
stJ (), with
i ( ) = (i ) J() (0 i m | |) .
of the forgetful map H . (K; {F })H . (K; F (K )) induced by all the inclu-
sions D(, K) K ( K) and the assembly A: H . (K; F (K ))F (K )
of 12.14.
A functor
F : {simplicial complexes} {-spectra} ; K F (K)
is homotopy invariant if a homotopy equivalence f : K L induces a ho-
motopy equivalence of -spectra
f : F (K) F (L) .
For such F the forgetful map from local F -coecient homology to constant
F ({})-coecient homology is a homotopy equivalence
H . (K; {F }) H . (K; F ({})) ,
since each of the unique simplicial maps D(, K){} ( K) is a ho-
motopy equivalence.
Definition 12.19 The constant F ({})-coecient assembly for a homotopy
invariant functor F and a subcomplex K m+1 is the map of -spectra
A : H . (K; F ({})) F (K)
given by the local {F }-coecient assembly A of 12.18, using the homotopy
equivalences
H . (K; {F }) A w F (K )
u u
H . (K; F ({})) A w F (K) .
with SO
. (K)n the Kan -set defined by
. (K)n = { (n + k)-dimensional smooth oriented manifold k-ads
SO (k)
(M ; 0 M, 1 M, . . . , k M ) such that
0 M 1 M . . . k M = , with a map M |K|}
with base simplex the empty manifold k-ad . The homotopy groups
. (K)) = n (K) (n 0)
n (SO SO
are the bordism groups of maps M |K| from closed smooth oriented
n-dimensional manifolds. The functor
. : {simplicial complexes} {-spectra} ; K . (K)
SO SO
x = {M ()n|| | K}
is a map
A(x) : M n = M () |K| = |K |
K
from a closed smooth oriented n-manifold such that
A(x)1 D(, K) = M () ( K) .
The smooth oriented bordism -spectrum SO. (K) is just a combinatorial
version of the Thom suspension spectrum |K|+ M SO , with
M SO = { M SO(j) , M SO(j)M SO(j + 1) | j 0 } ,
. (K)n H n (K; . ({})) lim
SO j+n (|K|+ M SO(j)) (n Z) .
SO
j
136 Algebraic L-theory and topological manifolds
L. () = { Ln () | n Z }
NL.() = { NLn () | n Z }
{
symmetric
of Kan -sets with homotopy groups the quadratic L-groups of
normal
.()) = Ln ()
n
(L
n (L. ()) = Ln () (n Z) .
. n
n (NL ()) = N L ()
.
L ()
The L. () -cohomology (resp. homology) groups of a simplicial complex
NL.()
{
symmetric
K will be identified with the quadratic L-groups
normal
n . n
H (K; L ()) = L ( (K))
H n (K; L. ()) = Ln ( (K))
n .
H (K; NL ()) = N Ln ( (K))
.
( Hn (K; L ()) = L ( (K))
n
)
resp. H (K; L. ()) = Ln ( (K))
n
Hn (K; NL.()) = N Ln ( (K))
of the algebraic bordism category (K) (resp. (K)) of 5. The various
algebraic L-spectra are used in Part II to express the geometric properties
of bundles and manifolds in terms of L-theory.
The algebraic surgery classifying spaces and spectra are analogues of the
geometric surgery classifying spaces and spectra, which arose as follows:
Remark 13.1 (i) The classifying space G/O for fibre homotopy trivialized
vector bundles and its P L analogue G/P L first appeared in the surgery
classification theory of exotic spheres (Kervaire and Milnor [86], Levine [91,
Appendix]). The fibration sequence
P L/O G/O G/P L
induces an exact sequence
. . . n+1 (G/P L) n (P L/O) n (G/O) n (G/P L) . . .
13. Algebraic L-spectra 137
N N
N N NN
N N
BP L'
K(Z , 3)
2
[
] ')' [ ]
[ BG
[[ [
BT OP'
NP
G/P L
][ ')'
N N
[ [
G A
AA jh 4
G/T OP
44
K(Z , 4)
hj
2
Ahh h 4hh h
with [BT OP, K(Z2 , 4)] = H 4 (BT OP ; Z2 ) the KirbySiebenmann in-
variant.
(iii) Quinn [130] defined the geometric surgery spectrum L. (K) of a space
K, with homotopy groups
(L. (K)) = L (Z[1 (K)]) .
138 Algebraic L-theory and topological manifolds
n
L ()
Proposition 13.4 Ln () is a Kan -set with homotopy groups and
NLn ()
loop -set
L () = L
n m+n n n+1
m (L ()) = L () ()
(L ()) = Lm+n () Ln () = Ln+1 ()
m nn
m (N L ()) = N L m+n
() , NLn () = N Ln+1 ()
13. Algebraic L-spectra 139
for n Z, m + n 0 .
Proof Only the quadratic case is considered, the symmetric and normal
cases being entirely similar.
The Kan extension condition is verified using the algebraic analogues of
glueing and crossing with the unit interval I = [0, 1]. See Ranicki [146, 1.7]
for the glueing of quadratic complexes. Crossing with I corresponds to the
following chain complex construction. A pair (C, C) of chain complexes in
the additive category A is a chain complex C in A which is expressed as
( )
dC eC
dC = : Cr = Cr Cr Cr1 = Cr1 Cr1 ,
0 dC
so that C is a subcomplex of C and C = C/C is a quotient complex.
Define
(D, D) = (C, C) (I, I)
to be the pair with
dC eC eC 0
0 dC 0 ()r1
dD = :
0 0 dC ()r
0 0 0 dC
Dr = Cr Cr Cr Cr1
Dr1 = Cr1 Cr1 Cr1 Cr2 ,
Dr = Cr Cr Cr , Dr = Cr1 .
Let C {0}, C {1} be the subcomplexes of D defined by
(C {0})r = {(x, y, 0, 0) Dr | (x, y) Cr = Cr Cr } ,
(C {1})r = { (x, 0, y, 0) Dr | (x, y) Cr = Cr Cr } .
The inclusions
ik : C {k} D (k = 0, 1)
are chain equivalences, with chain homotopy inverses jk : DC {k} de-
fined by
{ {
(x, y + z, 0, 0) 0
jk : Dr (C {k})r ; (x, y, z, w) if k = .
(x, 0, y + z, 0) 1
Let m m be the subcomplex of m obtained by removing the in-
teriors of m and of a face m1 < m . Define the extension of a chain
complex C in A (m ) to a chain complex C in A (m ) by
(C (m ), C (m )) = (C (m ), C (m )) (I, I) ,
140 Algebraic L-theory and topological manifolds
with
(C() {0})r if m
C()r = (C (m ) {1})r if = m1
m
C ( )r1 if = m .
Use the identification of pairs of abelian group chain complexes
((W% C) [m ], (W% C) [m ]) = ((W% C) [m ], (W% C) [m ]) (I, I)
to define the extension of an n-dimensional quadratic complex (C, ) in
(m ) to an n-dimensional quadratic complex (C, ) in (m ) by
= (j0 )% () (W% C) [m ]n .
The homotopy group m (Ln ()) is the group of equivalence classes of
m-simplexes (C, ) in Ln () such that
i (C, ) = 0 (0 i m) .
Such simplexes are n-dimensional quadratic complexes (C, ) in (m ,
m ), which are just (m + n)-dimensional quadratic complexes in . The
homotopy of simplexes corresponds to the cobordism of complexes, so that
m (Ln ()) = Lm+n () (m 0, n Z) .
Let i0 , i1 , . . . , ir denote the r-simplex of m with vertices i0 , i1 , . . . , ir
given by a sequence 0 i0 < i1 < . . . < ir m. The standard embedding
m+1 : m m+1 identifies m with the face of m+1 opposite the vertex
m+1. By definition, an m-simplex of Ln () is an n-dimensional quadratic
complex (C, ) in (m+1 , m {m + 1}), so that
C(m + 1) = 0 ,
C(i0 , i1 , . . . , ir ) = 0 (0 i0 < i1 < . . . < ir m) .
Except for terminology this is the same as an (n + 1)-dimensional quadratic
complex (C , ) in (m ) with
C (i0 , i1 , . . . , ir ) = C(i0 , i1 , . . . , ir , m+1) (0 i0 < i1 < . . . < ir m) .
This is an m-simplex of Ln+1 (), so that there is an identity of -sets
Ln () = Ln+1 () .
{
symmetric
Definition 13.5 The quadratic L-spectrum of an algebraic bordism
normal
category is the -spectrum of Kan -sets given by 13.4
.
L () = { L () | n Z }
n
L. () = { Ln () | n Z }
NL.() = { NLn () | n Z }
13. Algebraic L-spectra 141
Example 13.6 For any additive category with chain duality A and the
algebraic bordism category of 3.3
(A) = (A, B (A), C (A))
{ {
symmetric symmetric
the quadratic L-spectrum of (A) has homotopy groups the quadratic
normal normal
L-groups of A
.
(L ((A))) = L (A)
(L. ((A))) = L (A)
(NL.((A))) = N L (A) .
Also, by 3.6
. .
(L ((A))) = L (A) = N L (A) = (N L ((A))) ,
so that the forgetful map defines a homotopy equivalence
NL.((A)) L.((A)) .
{
symmetric
Proposition 13.7 The quadratic L-spectrum of (K) (resp. (K))
.
normal
L ()
is homotopy equivalent to the L. () -cohomology (resp. homology) spec-
N L.()
trum of the locally finite simplicial complex K
. . .
L ( (K)) H (K; L ())
L. ( (K)) H .(K; L. ())
NL.( (K)) H .(K; NL.()) ,
. .
( L ( (K)) H . (K; L ()) )
resp. L. ( (K)) H . (K; L. ())
NL.( (K)) H . (K; NL.())
so that on the level of homotopy groups
142 Algebraic L-theory and topological manifolds
n n .
L ( (K)) = H (K; L ())
L ( (K)) = H n (K; L. ())
n n
N L ( (K)) = H n (K; NL.()) ,
n .
( L ( (K)) = Hn (K; L ()) )
resp. L ( (K)) = Hn (K; L. ())
n n
N L ( (K)) = Hn (K; NL.()) .
Proof As in 13.4 consider only the quadratic case, the symmetric and
normal cases being entirely similar. An n-dimensional quadratic complex
in (K) is a collection of n-dimensional quadratic complexes in (m ),
one for each m-simplex of K, with the common faces in K corresponding to
common faces of the quadratic complexes. Thus the -maps K+ Ln ()
are just the n-dimensional quadratic complexes in (K). For each p 0
identify
Ln ( (K))(p) = { n-dimensional quadratic complexes in (K) (p ) } ,
(L. ()K+ )(p) = { n-dimensional quadratic complexes in (K p ) }
= { -maps (K p )+ Ln () } .
The Kan -set spectra L. ( (K)), L. ()K+ are not isomorphic, but they
are homotopy equivalent*, so that
Ln ( (K)) Ln ()K+ = H n (K; L. ()) .
As in 12.4 there is no loss of generality in taking K to be finite, so that there
is an embedding K m+1 for some m 0, and the supplement K m
is defined (12.2). There is a natural oneone correspondence between chain
complexes C in A (K) and chain complexes D in A (m , K), with
C() = D( ) ( K) , [C] [K] = S m [D] [m , K] .
For each p 0 identify
Ln ( (K))(p) = { n-dimensional quadratic complexes in (K) (p ) }
H n (K; L. ())(p) = { (n m)-dimensional quadratic complexes in
(m p , K p ) }
= H nm (m , K; L. ())(p) = Lnm ( (m , K))(p)
= { -maps (m , K) p Lnm () }
and so
Ln ( (K)) H n (K; L. ()) .
[ '' [ ''
[ [ '')' [[ '')'
[[ [[
44
L (A, C, D)
4
N L (A, B, D)
n
N L (A, B, B)
n
h
j
h
n
4
L (A, B, D)
4 j
h 44
N L (A, B, C)
n
hh 46 hh 46
NL n+1
NN
(A, B, B)
N
L (A, B, C)
NN
L (A, C, D)
NN
n n1
N
consists of the exact sequences of homotopy groups of algebraic L-spectra in
a braid of fibration sequences
13. Algebraic L-spectra 145
[ '' [ ''
[ [ '')' [[ '')'
[[ [[
44 4
L. (A, C, D) .
N L (A, B, D) N L.(A, B, B)
46 hh hj
L. (A, B, C) .
N N
N NN
NN N N N
NN
S
P
N
H (K; L.(R))
H (K; N L.(R))
NNNPN
(R, K)
N
n+1 n n
NN1 + T A
N N
N
n
H (K; L. (R))
N
P NN
P
n
V L (R, K)
N N NN
A 1 + T
N. N
Hn+1
'''
(K; N L (R))
' '
L (R[ (K)])
[][
n
''
1 S (R, K)
[][
n
'' [ [
'[[[ '' [[
[
with the quadratic structure group
Sn (R, K) = Ln1 (A (R, K), C (R, K), C (R) (K))
defined to be the cobordism group of (n 1)-dimensional quadratic com-
plexes in A (R, K) which are globally contractible and locally Poincare.
The algebraic surgery exact sequence is the exact sequence
. . . Hn (K; L. (R)) Ln (R[1 (K)]) Sn (R, K)
Hn1 (K; L. (R)) . . .
relating the generalized homology groups H (K; L. (R)), the surgery ob-
struction groups L (R[1 (K)]) and the quadratic structure groups S (R, K).
The algebraic characterization in 18 of the topological manifold structure
sets actually requires the 1/2-connective version of the algebraic surgery
exact sequence for R = Z, and this will be developed in 15.
14. The algebraic surgery exact sequence 147
{
symmetric
Definition 14.1 The quadratic L-spectrum of a ring with involution
normal
R
.
L (R) = { L (R) | n Z }
n
L. (R) = { Ln (R) | n Z }
N L.(R) = { N Ln (R) | n Z }
{ .
symmetric L ((R)) = { Ln ((R)) | n Z }
is the quadratic L-spectrum L. ((R)) = { Ln ((R)) | n Z } of
.
normal N L ((R)) = { N L ((R)) | n Z }
n
13.5 with
symmetric
visible symmetric
Definition 14.2 The L-spectrum of a pair (R, K)
quadratic
normal
with R a commutative ring and K a simplicial complex is the algebraic
L-spectrum
.
L (R, K) = { Ln (R, K) | n Z } = L.((R, K))
VL.(R, K) = { VLn (R, K) | n Z } = N L.((R, K))
L. (R, K) = { Ln (R, K) | n Z } = L. ((R, K))
. . b
N L (R, K) = { N Ln (R, K) | n Z } = N L ((R, K))
Remark 14.3 It follows from 9.8 that the forgetful map defines a homotopy
equivalence
. .
VL (R, K) L (R, K) .
In the special case K = {} already considered in 3.6 this is
VL.(R, {}) = N L.((R)) L.((R)) = L.(R) .
u u
H .(K; L. (R)) A w L.(R, K)
with A the local {L. (R, )}-coecient assembly of 12.18.
b
(ii) This is the normal case of 13.7 with = (R, K).
(iii) This is the special case of 13.9 (i) with = (R) (K).
The forgetful map H . (K; L. (R))L. (R, K) may be composed with the
homotopy equivalence of 14.4 L. (R, K) L. (R[1 (K)]) to define an assem-
bly map
A : H . (K; L. (R)) L. (R[1 (K)]) .
Definition 14.6 (i) The quadratic structure groups of (R, K) are the cobor-
dism groups
Sn (R, K) = Ln1 (A (R, K), C (R, K), C (R) (K)) (n Z)
of (n 1)-dimensional quadratic complexes in A (R, K) which are globally
contractible and locally Poincare.
(ii) The quadratic structure spectrum of (R, K) is the quadratic L-spectrum
S. (R, K) = L. (A (R, K), C (R, K), C (R) (K))
with homotopy groups
(S. (R, K)) = S (R, K) .
(iii) The algebraic surgery exact sequence is the exact sequence of homotopy
groups
A
. . . Hn (K; L. (R)) Ln (R[1 (K)])
Sn (R, K) Hn1 (K; L. (R)) . . .
induced by the fibration sequence of spectra
H . (K; L. (R)) L. (R[1 (K)]) S. (R, K) .
14. The algebraic surgery exact sequence 151
N N
N NN
NN N N N
NN
S
H (K; L.(R))
H (K; N L.(R))
A
N N
N
n
H (K; L. (R))
N
P NN
P
n
V L (R, K)
N N 1 +NT N
A
N. N
Hn+1
'''
(K; N L (R))
' '
L (R[ (K)])
[][
n
''
1 S (R, K)
[][
n
'' [ [
'[[[ '' [[
[
which are the exact sequences of homotopy groups of algebraic L-spectra in
a braid of fibration sequences
N
N NN
NN
NP
N
H .(K; L. (R)) H .(K; N L.(R))
NPN
N N
NN NN
.
H .(K; L. (R)) VL (R, K)
NN N
P
N
N
1
'''
L. (R[ (K)]) S.(R, K) .
[][
'' [
'[[[
152 Algebraic L-theory and topological manifolds
L q() = Ln () if n q, 0 if n < q
n n
N L q() = N L () if n q, 0 if n < q.
n
L. q() = { Ln q() | n Z }
NL.q() = { NLn q() | n Z }
with
n
L q()
(m)
symmetric (C, )
L q()(m) = { n-dimensional quadratic complexes (C, )
nn
NL q()(m) normal (C, )
in (m ) such that C is C ((m )[qn1] )-contractible,
i.e. C() is in C for m with | | q n 1 } ,
154 Algebraic L-theory and topological manifolds
such that
L q() = L q() m (L q()) = L q()
n n+1 n m+n
exact sequence
= { (n m)-dimensional symmetric
complexes in (m p , (m p )[qn+m1] K p ) } ,
Ln (q)( (K))(p) = Lnm (q)(A (m , K), B (m , K), C (m , K))(p)
= { n-dimensional symmetric complexes in (K) (p , (p )[qn1] ) }
= { (n m)-dimensional symmetric
complexes in ((m , K) (p , (p )[qn1] )) }
and the inclusion
(m p , (m p )[qn+m1] K p )
(m , K) (p , (p )[qn1] ) = (m p , m (p )[qn1] K p ) .
(i) Consider the two cases separately, starting with cohomology. Use the
identifications
{ -maps K+ Ln (q)() } = {-maps (K, K [qn1] )Ln ()}
= { n-dimensional symmetric complexes in A (K, K [qn1] ) }
to define a surjection of homotopy groups
H n (K, K [qn1] ; L.()) = [K, K [qn1] ; Ln (), ]
H n (K; L.(q)()) = [K+ , Ln (q)()] .
An element in the kernel is represented by a -map
(K, K [qn1] ) {0} (Ln (), )
which extends to a -map
(K 1 , K [qn1] {0} K [qn2] 1 K {1}) (Ln (), ) .
15. Connective L-theory 157
Example 15.5 Given a simplicial complex K and any homology class [K]
Hn (K) let (C, ) be the n-dimensional symmetric complex defined as in 9.13,
with
C() = (D(, K), D(, K)) ( K) ,
0 (K) = [K] : C n (K) (K )n C(K) = (K ) .
If K is n-dimensional then (C, ) is 0-connective. (C, ) is locally q-Poincare
if and only if
Hr ([D(, K)] : (D(, K))n|| (D(, K), D(, K))) = 0
( K , r q) ,
in which case
Hr (D(, K)) = Hr (linkK ()) = Hr (S n||1 ) (r q 1) .
Example 15.8 (i) The quadratic L-groups of 0(R) coincide with the
0-connective quadratic L-groups of R
Ln (0(R)) = Ln 0(R) = Ln (R) (n 0) ,
by virtue of the 4-periodicity of the quadratic L-groups, and the map of
quadratic L-spectra
L. (0(R)) L. 0(R)
is a homotopy equivalence.
(ii) The symmetric L-groups of 0(R) are the connective symmetric L-
groups of 3.18
Ln (0(R)) = Ln (R) (n 0) ,
while the 0-connective symmetric L-groups of R are the 4-periodic symmet-
ric L-groups of 3.12
Ln 0(R) = Ln+4 (R) (n 0) .
If R is a ring such that the symmetric L-groups L (R) are 4-periodic (such
as R = Z) then the map of symmetric L-spectra
. .
L (0(R)) L 0(R)
is a homotopy equivalence. If also L0 (R)N L0 (R) is onto then the map
of normal L-spectra
N L.(0(R)) N L.0(R)
is a homotopy equivalence.
{
Proposition 15.9 For any commutative ring R and a simplicial complex K
symmetric
the quadratic L-spectrum of the algebraic bordism category q(R) (K)
normal
(given by 4.1) is the homology spectrum of K with coecients in the corre-
sponding q-connective L-spectrum of R
. .
L (q(R) (K)) = H . (K; L (q(R)))
L. (q(R) (K)) = H . (K; L. (q(R)))
b
N L.(q(R) . b
(K)) = H . (K; N L (q(R))) .
Proof Exactly as for 13.7, which is the special case q = .
exact sequences
0 Sn q(R, K) Sn q 1(R, K) Hnq (K; Lq1 (R))
Sn1 q(R, K) Sn1 q 1(R, K) . . . ,
0 Sn1 q 1(R, K) Sn1 q 2(R, K) Hnq (K; Lq2 (R))
Sn2 q 1(R, K) Sn2 q 2(R, K) . . .
with
Sn q 1(R, K) = Sn (R, K) , Sn1 q 2(R, K) = Sn1 (R, K) .
Proof (i) The assembly map Ln (R, K)Ln (R[1 (K)]) is an isomorphism
by the algebraic - theorem (10.6). The forgetful map Ln (q(R, K))
Ln (R, K) is an isomorphism for n 2q, with the inverse
Ln (R, K) Ln (q(R, K)) ; (C, ) (C , )
defined by sending an n-dimensional quadratic complex (C, ) in (R, K)
to the n-dimensional quadratic complex (C , ) in q(R, K) obtained by
surgery below the middle dimension using the quadratic pair (CD, (0, ))
with
{
Cr if 2r > n + 1
Dr =
0 otherwise.
(ii) Consider the map of exact sequences
u u
Ln (q(R, K [nq]
)) w L (q(R, K))
n
u u
Sn q(R, K [nq]
) w S q(R, K)
n
u u
Hn1 (K [nq]
; L. q(R)) wH n1 (K; L. q(R))
u u
Ln1 (q(R, K [nq]
)) wL
n1 (q(R, K)) .
Hn (K [nq] ; L. q(R)) w H (K
n
[nq]
; L. (R))
u u
Ln (q(R, K [nq] )) w L ((R, K
n
[nq]
))
u u
Sn q(R, K [nq]
) w S q(R, K
n
[nq]
)
u u
Hn1 (K [nq]
; L. q(R)) wH n1 (K
[nq]
; L. (R))
u u
Ln1 (q(R, K [nq]
)) wLn1 ((R, K
[nq]
)) .
u u u
H .(K [nq]
; L. (R)) w L.(R, K [nq]
) w S.(R, K [nq]
)
with L. (R, K [nq1] )L. (R, K [nq] ) a homotopy equivalence, giving rise
to a homotopy equivalence
homotopy fibre of S. (R, K [nq1] )S. (R, K [nq] )
homotopy cofibre of H . (K [nq1] ; L. (R))H . (K [nq] ; L. (R)) .
Thus there is defined an exact sequence
Sn (R, K [nq1] ) Sn (R, K [nq] ) Hn1 (K [nq] , K [nq1] ; L. (R))
( = nq (K; Lq1 (R)))
and
Sn q(R, K) = im(Sn (R, K [nq1] )Sn (R, K [nq] )) .
(iv) There is defined a map of (co)fibration sequences of -spectra
N N
N NN
NN N N N
NN
. .
S q(R, K)
H (K; L (q(R)))
P
N
H (K; N L q(R))
N NNNPN
n+1 n n
NN
N N
NP
n
H (K; L. q(R))
N NN
P
V L q(R, K)
n
N N NN
N N
Hn+1
'''
(K; N L.q(R))
''
L (q(R, K))
[][
n
''
S q(R, K) .
[][
n
'' [ [
'[[[ '' [[
[
N N N N
N N N N
NN N
N
b
. N L.(0(R))
L. 1(R)
L (0(R))
NNNPN
NN N NPN
N
NN
P
L. 0(R)
NN
P
N L.1/2(R)
N N NN
N N
1 b
'''
N L.(0(R))
''
K.(L (R), 0)
[][
0
''
L. 1(R)
[][
'' [ [
'[[[ '' [[
[
(ii) The 1/2-connective normal L-groups are such that
N Ln (R) if n>1
im(L1 (R)N L1 (R)) if n=1
N L 1/2(R) =
n
L0 (R) if n=0
0 if n<0,
with a long exact sequence
. . . Ln 1(R) Ln 0(R) N Ln 1/2(R) Ln1 1(R) . . . .
(iii) For a commutative ring R and a simplicial complex K there are natural
identifications
N L 1/2(R, K) = H (K; N L.1/2(R)) .
[ [''' [ ['''
[ [ '') [ [ '')
[ [
'' '
S 1(R, K) .
H (K; L (0(R))) H (K; N L.1/2(R))
'') [[][ '' ][
n+1 n n
') [[ [
[
]
[
n
'
H (K; L. 1(R))
' ]
[ ''
V L 1/2(R, K)
n
[ [ '') [[ '')
[ [
Hn+1
44
(K; N L.1/2(R))
hj 444
L (1(R, K))
n S 1(R, K) .
hj
n
44 h h
4hhh 44 hh
h
The map
[ '' [''
[ [ '' [ [ ''
[[ ') [[ ')
''
H (K; L (R))
'
H (K; N L.1/2(R)))
''
L (0(R, K))
'') [[][ ][
n 0 n n1
') [[ [
[
]
[ '
V L 1/2(R, K)
n
' ]
[
n
b
''
H (K; N L.(0(R)))
[ [ '') [[ '')
[ [
n
44
L (0(R, K)) n
hj 44 4
V L 0(R, K) H
hj
(K; L (R))
n1 0
44 h h
4hhh 44 hh
h
(iii) The 1/2-connective visible symmetric L-groups V L 1/2(R, K) fit into
a commutative braid of exact sequences
[ '' [ ''
[ [ '' [ [ ''
[ [ '
) [ [ ')
''
H (K; L.(0(R))) n
'
V L 0(R, K)
''
H (K; L (R))
'') [[][ ][
n n1 0
') [[ [
[
]
[ ''
V L 1/2(R, K)
n
]
[
n
''
S 0(R, K)
[ [ '') [[ '')
[ [
n
44
H (K; L (R))0
h
j
n
44
S 1(R, K) H (K; L.(0(R))) .
hj
n1
44 h 4 h
4hhh 44 hh
h
.
Proof (i) The 1/2-connective visible symmetric L-spectrum VL 1/2(R, K)
fits into a commutative braid of fibrations of -spectra
170 Algebraic L-theory and topological manifolds
N N
N N
NN
. H .(K; N L.1/2(R))
NPN
H .(K; L (0(R)))
N N NPN
NN NN
H .(K; L. 1(R))
NN
P
VL.1/2(R, K)
NN
N
'''
L. (1(R, K)) S.1(R, K) ,
[][
'' [
'[[[
inducing a commutative braid of exact sequences of homotopy groups.
(ii) and (iii) follow from (i).
Note that for a ring R with L (R) 4-periodic and L0 (R)N L0 (R) onto
(e.g. R = Z) the 0-connective n-dimensional L-groups of (R, K) are 4-
periodic for n dim(K), with
V Ln 0(R, K) = V Ln (R, K) = V Ln+4 (R, K)
Sn 0(R, K) = Sn (R, K) = Sn+4 (R, K)
Hn (K; L.(0(R))) = Hn (K; L.0(R))
= Hn (K; L.(R)) = Hn+4 (K; L.(R))
Hn (K; L. (0(R))) = Hn (K; L. 0(R))
= Hn (K; L. (R)) = Hn+4 (K; L. (R))
b
Hn (K; N L.(0(R))) = Hn (K; N L.0(R))
= Hn (K; N L.(R)) = Hn+4 (K; N L.(R)) .
Also, for n 2
Ln ((R, K)) = Ln (0(R, K)) = Ln (1(R, K)) = Ln (R[1 (K)]) .
15. Connective L-theory 171
Topology
16. The L-theory orientation of topology 175
topological bundles and the 0th Kan -set L0 = L10 (Z) of the 1-connective
quadratic L-spectrum L. of Z
G/T OP L0 .
(v) The dierence between two topological bundle reductions , : X
B Tg
OP (k) of the same (k1)-spherical fibration : XBG(k) is classified
by a dierence element
t(, ) [X, G/T OP ] = H 0 (X; L. )
such that
.
U U = (1 + T )(U t(, )) H k (T (); L ) ,
with U : H 0 (X; L. ) H k (T (); L. ) the L. -cohomology Thom isomor-
phism. If : XB TgOP (k) is yet another reduction of then
t(, ) = t(, ) + t( , ) + t(, ) t( , ) H 0 (X; L. ) .
Proof The singular complex of the Thom complex T () of a spherical
fibration : XBG(k) contains as a deformation retract the subcomplex
of the singular simplexes : n T () which are normal transverse at the
zero section X T (), with M = 1 (X) an (n k)-dimensional geometric
normal complex n-ad.
(Added in 2009: Let N (X, ) be the Kan -set in which an n-simplex
is an (n k)-dimensional normal space n-ad (Y ; 1 Y, . . . , n Y ; Y : Y
BG(k), : n T (Y )) such that (i n ) T (i Y ), with a normal map
(f, b) : (Y, Y ) (X, ). The map of Kan -sets
N (X, ) T () ; (Y ; 1 Y, . . . , n Y ; Y , ) T (b)
induces the normal space Pontrjagin-Thom isomorphisms
Nn (X, ) n (T ()) with inverses
n (T ()) N
n (X, ) ; X ((X, , X ), 1)
and is thus a homotopy equivalence.)
The canonical L b .-cohomology orientation U b .) is represented
b H k (T (); L
by the -map U b k sending to the (nk)-dimensional normal
b : T ()L
complex b
b (M ) = (C, ) in (Z)
(n ) defined in 9.15. A topological block
bundle reduction : XB Tg OP (k) corresponds to a further deformation
retraction of the singular complex of T () to the subcomplex consisting
of the singular simplexes : n T () which are Z-coecient Poincare
transverse at the zero section X T (), with M = 1 (X) a Z-coecient
geometric Poincare n-ad. The reduction is equivalent to the lift of U b to the
. .
L -cohomology Thom class U H k (T (); L ) represented by the -map
U : T ()Lk sending to the (n k)-dimensional symmetric Poincare
complex (M ) = (C, ) in (Z) (n ) defined in 9.13. For further details
178 Algebraic L-theory and topological manifolds
B Tg
OP (k) w BL.G(k)
u u
BG(k) w b .G(k)
BL
Both the L-genus and the symmetric signature determine and (modulo tor-
sion) are determined by the signatures of submanifolds, as used by Thom to
characterize the L-genus as a combinatorial invariant (Milnor and Stashe
[114, 20]).
.
Remark 16.3 The characterization of topological block bundles as L -
oriented spherical fibrations generalizes the characterization due to Sullivan
[168] of topological block bundles away from 2 as KO[1/2]-oriented spher-
ical fibrations, which is itself a generalization of the AtiyahBottShapiro
KO-orientation of spin bundles. See Madsen and Milgram [102, 5A] for a
homotopy-theoretic account of the KO[1/2]-orientation of P L-bundles. The
characterization of topological block bundles as spherical fibrations with al-
gebraic Poincare transversality (i.e. an L.-orientation) corresponds to the
characterization of topological block bundles as spherical fibrations with
geometric Poincare transversality due to Levitt and Morgan [93], Brumfiel
and Morgan [20].
By the Poincare disc theorem of Wall [177, 2.4] every connected finite
n-dimensional geometric Poincare complex X is homotopy equivalent to
Y en for a finite (n 1)-dimensional CW complex Y , and hence to an
n-circuit. Thus in dealing with the homotopy theory of finite geometric
Poincare complexes there is no loss of generality in only considering circuits,
and for the remainder of 16 only such complexes will be considered.
Let then X be a finite n-dimensional geometric Poincare complex which
is an n-circuit. (It is not assumed that each (n 1)-simplex in X is the face
of two n-simplexes, cf. 16.8.) As in 9.13 define an n-dimensional globally
Poincare normal complex (C, ) in A(Z, X) with
C(X) = (X ) , C( ) = (D(, X), D(, X)) ( X) .
The (Z, X)-module duality chain map
0 (X) = [X] : C n (X) (X)n C(X) (X)
180 Algebraic L-theory and topological manifolds
has components
0 ( ) = [D(, X)] :
C n ( ) = (D(, X))n| | C( ) = (D(, X), D(, X)) .
For every simplex X up to chain equivalence
0 ( ) : S n| | Z S | | (X, X\{b
}) ; 1 [X][ ] ,
and
H (0 ( )) =
H ([D(, X)] : (D(, X))n| | (D(, X), D(, X))) ,
with an exact sequence
[X]
. . . H n| |r ({ }) Hr+| | (X, X\{ })
Hr (0 ( )) H n| |r+1 ({ }) . . . .
The n-dimensional normal complex (C, ) in A (Z, X) is 0-connective and
globally Poincare, and the boundary (n 1)-dimensional quadratic complex
in A (Z, X)
(C, ) = (C, )
is 0-connective, locally Poincare and globally contractible, with
C( ) = S 1 C(0 ( ): C n ( )C( )) ,
H (C( )) = H+1 (0 ( )) ( X) .
For each n-simplex X (n) the (1)-dimensional quadratic complex
(C(), ()) in A (Z) is contractible (since D(, X) = {} is a 0-dimensional
Poincare complex), so that for each (n 1)-simplex X (n1) the 0-
dimensional quadratic complex (C( ), ( )) in A (Z) is Poincare. In view
of the exact sequence given by 15.11 (iii)
. . . Sn (X) Sn 0(Z, X) Hn1 (X; L0 (Z)) Sn1 (X) . . .
the image of (C, ) Sn 0(Z, X) is the element
c(X) = (C( ), ( ))
X (n1)
(
(C C ) w D w )
u u u u
,
(C C ) n
w (D/(C C ))
n+1
0 w 0
with
C = S 1 C(0 : C n C )
locally contractible and
C = S 1 C(0 : C n C ) ,
D = S 1 C(0 : (D/(C C ))n+1 D)
globally contractible. The union n-dimensional normal complex
(B, ) = (C n , 0) (C , ) (D, )/C
is locally Poincare, and the projection
(B, ) (B, )/D = (C , )
is a global 1-equivalence.
A polyhedron K is an n-dimensional combinatorial homotopy manifold
homology
P L
if the links of i-simplexes are homotopy (n i 1)-spheres.
homology
Remark 16.11 (i) A triangulation (K, h) of a topological space M is a poly-
hedron K with a homeomorphism h: KM . If M is an n-dimensional
topological manifold then K is an n-dimensional combinatorial homology
manifold. Siebenmann [159] showed that for n 5 an n-dimensional com-
binatorial homotopy manifold is an n-dimensional topological manifold.
(ii) A triangulation (K, h) of a topological manifold M is combinatorial if K
is a combinatorial manifold. A P L manifold is a topological manifold with a
P L equivalence class of combinatorial triangulations. The Hauptvermutung
for manifolds was that every homeomorphism of compact P L manifolds is
homotopic to a P L homeomorphism. The CassonSullivan invariant for a
homeomorphism f : N M of compact n-dimensional P L manifolds (Arm-
strong et al. [5])
(f ) = (M T OP/P L) H 3 (M ; Z2 ) = Hn3 (M ; Z2 )
is such that (f ) = 0 if (and for n 5 only if) f is homotopic to a P L
homeomorphism (13.1), with M T OP/P L = K(Z2 , 3) the classifying
map for the topological trivialization determined by f of the dierence
M (f 1 ) N : M BP L of stable P L normal bundles. For n 5 every
element
SP L (T n ) = [T n , T OP/P L] = H 3 (T n ; Z2 )
is realized as = (f ) for a homeomorphism f : T n T n from a fake P L
n-dimensional torus T n , with a normal map
(F, B) : (W n+1 ; T n , T n ) T n ([0, 1]; {0}, {1})
on a P L cobordism (W n+1 ; T n , T n ), such that F |T n = id., F |T n = f ,
providing counterexamples to the Hauptvermutung for manifolds. The rel
surgery obstruction
(F, B) = (C, ) Ln+1 (Z[Zn ]) = Hn+1 (T n ; L. )
186 Algebraic L-theory and topological manifolds
H 3 (T n ; Z2 ) = Hn3 (T n ; Z2 )
is an image of (F, B) Ln+1 (Z[Zn ]). The surgery-theoretic classification
of the P L structures on T n (by Casson, Hsiang, Shaneson and Wall) is an
essential ingredient of the obstruction theory of Kirby and Siebenmann [87]
for the existence and uniqueness of combinatorial triangulations on compact
topological manifolds in dimensions 5.
(iii) The KirbySiebenmann invariant of a compact n-dimensional topolog-
ical manifold M
(M ) H 4 (M ; Z2 ) = Hn4 (M ; Z2 )
is such that (M ) = 0 if (and for n 5 only if) M admits a combinatorial
triangulation. By construction, (M ) is the homotopy class of the composite
M
(M ) : M BT OP B(T OP/P L) = K(Z2 , 4) ,
and is such that (M ) = 0 if and only if M : M BT OP lifts to a P L
reduction M : M BP L. The invariant is realized by compact topological
manifolds in each dimension 5 which do not admit combinatorial trian-
gulation. For example, if f : T n T n , (F, B), W n+1 are as in (ii) then the
(n + 1)-dimensional topological manifold
N n+1 = W n+1 f id. T n [0, 1]
is equipped with a normal map (g, c) : N n+1 T n+1 such that
(g, c) = ( (F, B), 0)
Ln+1 (Z[Zn+1 ]) = Ln+1 (Z[Zn ]) Ln (Z[Zn ]) ,
g (N ) = ((f ), 0)
Hn3 (T n+1 ; Z2 ) = Hn3 (T n ; Z2 ) Hn4 (T n ; Z2 ) .
(iv) Let 3 be the cobordism group of oriented 3-dimensional combinatorial
manifolds which are homotopy spheres, modulo those which bound con-
tractible 4-dimensional combinatorial manifolds. Cohen [39, 4] defined an
invariant of a compact n-dimensional combinatorial homotopy manifold K
c(K) = [linkK ()] H 4 (K; 3 ) = Hn4 (K; 3 )
K (n4)
such that c(K) = 0 if and only if K admits a P L resolution, i.e. a trans-
versely cellular P L map M K from an n-dimensional combinatorial man-
ifold M .
16. The L-theory orientation of topology 187
H 4 (M ; Z2 ) = Hn4 (M ; Z2 ) ,
with W () a parallelizable 4-dimensional combinatorial manifold with bo-
undary W () = linkK ().
(vi) A triangulation (K, h) of a topological manifold M is non-combinatorial
if K is not a combinatorial manifold. Non-simply connected combinatorial
homology (n 2)-spheres H provided examples of non-combinatorial tri-
angulations (2 H, h) of S n (n 5), with a copy of H as the link of each
1-simplex in the suspension circle of the double suspension 2 H (Edwards,
see Daverman [43, II.12]).
(vii) Galewski and Stern [58], [59] showed that for n 5 a compact n-
dimensional combinatorial homology manifold has the homotopy type of a
compact n-dimensional topological manifold, and that a compact n-dimen-
sional topological manifold M admits a triangulation if and only if the
KirbySiebenmann invariant (M ) H 4 (M ; Z2 ) is such that
(M ) = 0 H 5 (M ; ker()) ,
with the connecting map in the coecient exact sequence
. . . H 4 (M ; ker()) H 4 (M ; 3H ) H 4 (M ; Z2 )
H 5 (M ; ker()) . . . .
(viii) The Casson invariant of 3-dimensional combinatorial homology spheres
shows that certain compact 4-dimensional topological manifolds are not tri-
angulable (Akbulut and McCarthy [1, p. xvi]). In particular, the Freedman
188 Algebraic L-theory and topological manifolds
manifold M 4 with
(M ) = (Z8 , E8 ) = 8 L4 (Z) = Z ,
(M ) = 1 H 4 (M ; Z2 ) = Z2
is not triangulable (Freedman and Quinn [56, 10.1]).
(ix) Compact n-dimensional topological manifolds with n 5 are finite CW
complexes, by virtue of the topological handlebody decomposition obtained
by Kirby and Siebenmann [87] for n 6 and by Quinn for n = 5 ([56, 9.1]).
At present, it is not known if every compact topological manifold of dimen-
sion 5 is triangulable.
(x) Edwards [47] showed that for n 5 an n-dimensional combinatorial
homology manifold K is a topological manifold if and only if the link of
each simplex K is simply-connected.
with
i = inclusion : N M , j = projection : M+ = M {pt.} T () .
Proof (i) The canonical transversality structure is defined by
(X, Y, g, h) = (M, M , id., id.) ,
.
and the corresponding canonical L -homology fundamental class of M is the
cobordism class
.
[M ]L = (C, ) Hn (M ; L )
of the n-dimensional symmetric Poincare complex (C, ) in A (Z) (M ) with
C(M ) = (M ).
(ii) Any map f : M X to a compact polyhedron X can be made topolog-
ically transverse, with the inverse images
(M (), M ()) = f 1 (D(, X), D(, X)) ( X)
(n||)-dimensional submanifolds, some of which may be empty. Let (Y, Z)
be a closed neighbourhood of M in Rn+k (k large), a compact (n + k)-
dimensional P L manifold with boundary which is the total space of a topo-
logical (Dk , S k1 )-bundle M : M BT OP (k). By Quinn [133] Y can
be taken to be the mapping cylinder of a map e: ZM . Make e P L
transverse, and define an X-dissection {Y () | X} of Y by
Y () = mapping cylinder of e|: e1 M ()M () ( X) .
The projection g: Y M is a hereditary homotopy equivalence, so that
each (Y (), Y ()) is a simplicial (n ||)-dimensional geometric Poincare
pair homotopy equivalent to (M (), M ()). The composite
g f
h = f g : Y M X
is such that
h1 D(, X) = g 1 M () = Y () ( X) .
In particular, if f : M X is a homotopy equivalence in the preferred sim-
ple homotopy type of M (e.g. the inclusion M Y ), then (X, Y, g, h)
defines the canonical transversality structure on M .
.
Remark 16.17 (i) By 16.2 the canonical L -homology fundamental class of
an oriented n-dimensional manifold M n is given rationally by the Poincare
dual of the L-genus L(M ) H 4 (M ; Q)
[M ] Q = L(M ) [M ] H (M ; L.) Q =
L Q n H (M ; Q) ,
n4k
k0
[M ]L Q Hn (M ; L.) Q.
(ii) The identity (M ) = A([M ]L ) V Ln (M ) is a non-simply connected
generalization of the Hirzebruch signature formula in the case n = 4k
signature (M ) = L(M ), [M ]Q L4k (Z) = Z .
Also, for any free action of a finite group G on M the identity
(M/G) = A([M/G]L ) V Ln (M/G)
gives the corresponding special case of the AtiyahSinger index theorem,
that the G-signature of such an action is a multiple of the character of the
regular representation. See 22 for rational surgery obstruction theory with
finite fundamental group.
192 Algebraic L-theory and topological manifolds
N N
N NN
NN N N N
NN
b .)
.
Sn+1
H (X; L ) H (X; L
A
N N
N
n
H (X; L. )
N
P NN
P
n
V L (X)
'' [ [
'[[[ '' [[
[
17. The total surgery obstruction 193
See 19.7 below for the generalization of 17.7 to a degree 1 normal map
(f, b): Y X of finite n-dimensional geometric Poincare complexes, with
b : Y X a fibre map of the Spivak normal fibrations rather than a bundle
map of topological reductions. The formula of 19.7 is
s(Y ) s(X) = (f, b) Sn (X) ,
expressing the dierence of the total surgery obstructions in terms of the
quadratic signature (f, b) Ln (Z[1 (X)]).
Remark 17.8 The algebraic surgery exact sequence of a polyhedron X
A
. . . Hn (X; L. ) Ln (Z[1 (X)]) Sn (X) Hn1 (X; L. ) . . .
can be viewed as the L-theory localization exact sequence for the assembly
functor
A : { locally Poincare complexes} { globally Poincare complexes}
inverting all the globally contractible chain complexes. The total surgery
obstruction s(X) Sn (X) of an n-dimensional geometric Poincare complex
X is thus an analogue of the boundary construction of quadratic forms
on finite abelian groups from integral lattices in rational quadratic forms
(cf. 3.13 and Ranicki [146, 3,4]). The peripheral invariant of Conner and
Raymond [40] and Alexander, Hamrick and Vick [2] for actions of cyclic
groups on manifolds and the intersection homology peripheral invariant of
Goresky and Siegel [64] and Cappell and Shaneson [28] are defined similarly.
s t
u u
... w w
Ln+1 (Z[1 (M )]) Sn+1 (M ) w H (M ; L.)
n w
A L (Z[ (M )])
n 1
Wall [180, p. 266] used bordism theory and the surgery product formula to
define the L-theory assembly map away from 2
A : H (X; L. )[1/2] L (Z[1 (X)])[1/2]
by sending the bordism class of an n-dimensional manifold M equipped with
a reference map M X to the symmetric signature of Mishchenko [115]
A(M ) = (M ) Ln (Z[1 (X)])[1/2] = Ln (Z[1 (X)])[1/2] .
Up to a power of 2 this is a surgery obstruction
8 (M ) = (1 + T ) (1 (f, b): M Q8 M S 8 ) Ln (Z[1 (X)]) ,
with (f, b): Q8 S 8 the 8-dimensional normal map determined by the
framed 3-connected 8-dimensional Milnor P L manifold Q8 with signature
(Q8 ) = (Z8 , E8 ) = 8 L8 (Z) = Z .
The factorization of the surgery map as
: [M, G/T OP ] Tn OP (B G/T OP, B {})
Ln (Z[]) ( = 1 (M ))
is due to Sullivan and Wall [180, 13B.3] (originally in the P L category), with
[M, G/T OP ] Tn OP (B G/T OP, B {}) ;
(g: M G/T OP ) = ((f, b): N M )
f g
(N (M G/T OP, M {}) (B G/T OP, B {})) .
See Appendix B for an expression of this factorization using the multiplica-
tive properties of the algebraic L-spectra. The factorization of through
the assembly map A was first proposed by Quinn [131]: see Mishchenko and
Solovev [118], Nicas [121, 3.3], Levitt and Ranicki [94, 3.2] for the geomet-
ric construction of A in the case when M is a P L manifold. In Ranicki [143]
the factorization of through the algebraic assembly map A was obtained by
means of the theory of normal complexes and geometric Poincare complexes
due to Quinn [132]: see the Appendix to Hambleton, Milgram, Taylor and
204 Algebraic L-theory and topological manifolds
Williams [69] for an exposition of this approach. The factorization was used
in [69] and Milgram [109] to compute the surgery obstructions of normal
maps of closed manifolds ( = the image of A: H (B; L. )L (Z[])) for
finite groups .
Example 19.2 Browder [14] showed that finite H-spaces are geometric
Poincare complexes, providing the first examples of Poincare spaces other
than manifolds or quotients of finite group actions on manifolds (which
are Q-coecient Poincare complexes). Finite H-spaces are topologically
reducible, with trivial Spivak normal fibration, so that simply-connected
ones are homotopy equivalent to compact topological manifolds.
Example 19.3 Gitler and Stashe [61] used the first exotic class e1
H (BG; Z2 ) to show that a certain simply-connected finite 5-dimensional
geometric Poincare complex X = (S 2 S 3 )e5 is not topologically reducible,
and hence not homotopy equivalent to a compact topological manifold. In
fact, X can be chosen to be the total space of a fibration S 2 XS 3
classified by an element in 3 (BG(3)) with image 1 3 (B(G/T OP )) =
2 (G/T OP ) = Z2 . See Madsen and Milgram [102, pp. 32-34] for the classi-
fication of all the 5-dimensional geometric Poincare complexes of the type
(S 2 S 3 ) e5 . See Frank [55] for non-reducible geometric Poincare com-
plexes detected by the exotic classes e1 H (BG; Zp ) for odd prime p.
Example 19.4 Wall [177, 5.4.1] constructed for each prime p a reducible
finite 4-dimensional geometric Poincare complex X with 1 (X) = Zp
X = e0 e1 e2 e3 e4
10
e are orientable with signature
such that X and the universal cover X
e = 8 L4 (Z) = Z .
(X) = (X)
Signature is multiplicative for orientable finite covers of orientable compact
e = p (X), so X cannot be homotopy equivalent to a
manifolds, and (X)
closed manifold; higher-dimensional examples are obtained by considering
the products X (C P2 )k (k 1). See 22.28 for the systematic construction
19. Geometric Poincare complexes 207
The realization theorem of Wall [180] for the surgery obstruction groups
Ln (Z[]) (n 5) provides the following systematic construction of topo-
logically reducible finite geometric Poincare complexes. Every finitely pre-
sented group is the fundamental group = 1 (M ) of a compact (n 1)-
dimensional manifold M n1 . Every element x Ln (Z[]) is the rel
surgery obstruction x = (f, b) of a normal map
(f, b) : (W n ; M n1 , M n1 ) M ([0, 1]; {0}, {1})
with
f |M = identity : M M {0} ,
f |M = homotopy equivalence : M M {1} .
The topologically reducible n-dimensional geometric Poincare complex
X = W f M [0, 1]
has fundamental group 1 (X) = Z but the extraneous Z-factor can
be ignored (or removed by Poincare 1 -surgery as in Browder [17]). The
normal map of n-dimensional geometric Poincare complexes
(f, b) 1 : X = W f M [0, 1] M S 1 = M [0, 1] M [0, 1]
has quadratic signature ((f, b)1) = x Ln (Z[]) . Also, if (g, c): N X
is a normal map from a closed n-dimensional manifold N corresponding to
the topological reduction of X then (g, c) = x Ln (Z[]) . See Ran-
icki [145] for the definition and the composition formula for the quadratic
signature of a normal map of geometric Poincare complexes.
Proposition 19.5 The topologically reducible finite n-dimensional geomet-
ric Poincare complex X with 1 (X) = constructed from x Ln (Z[]) has
total surgery obstruction
s(X) = (x) im(: Ln (Z[])Sn (X)) = ker(Sn (X)Hn1 (X; L. )) ,
and s(X) = 0 Sn (X) if and only if x im(A: Hn (X; L. )Ln (Z[])).
Proof The Spivak normal fibration X has a topological reduction such
that the corresponding normal map (g, c): N n X has surgery obstruction
(g, c) = (f, b) = x Ln (Z[]) .
The total surgery obstruction of X is given by 17.7 to be
s(X) = (g, c) = (x) Sn (X) .
The equivalence of s(X) = 0 and x im(A) is immediate from the exact
sequence
A
Hn (X; L. ) Ln (Z[1 (X)]) Sn (X) .
208 Algebraic L-theory and topological manifolds
'') [[][ ][
n n
') [[ [
[
]
[
n
''
H (K; L. )
]
[
P
n''
(K)
44 h 4 h
4hhh 44 hh
h
with P P N N
. = . ({}) (resp. . = . ({})) the geometric Poincare (resp.
normal) bordism spectrum of a point and
n (K)
s : P Sn (K) ; (f : XK) f s(X)
the total surgery obstruction map. The quadratic structure group Sn (K) is
the bordism group of maps (f, f ): (X, X)K from finite n-dimensional
geometric Poincare pairs (X, X) such that f : XK is Poincare trans-
verse.
(ii) A finite n-dimensional geometric Poincare complex X has total surgery
obstruction s(X) = 0 Sn (X) if (and for n 5 only if ) there exists an P
.-
homology fundamental class [X]P Hn (X; . ) with assembly the Poincare
P
bordism class of 1: XX
A([X]P ) = (1: XX) P
n (X) .
19. Geometric Poincare complexes 209
The symmetric L-groups are not geometrically realizable, in that the sym-
metric signature map
: P
n (K) Ln (Z[1 (K)]) ; (XK) (X)
is not onto in general. For example, the (2k 1)-connected 4k-dimensional
symmetric Poincare complex (S 2k Z[Z2 ], T ) over Z[Z2 ] is not in the image
of : P
4k (BZ2 ) L4k (Z[Z2 ]) for any k 1 (Ranicki [146, 7.6.8], see also
9.17).
The fibre of the 1/2-connective visible symmetric signature map
: P .
. (K) V L (K) ; (XK) (X)
is a homology theory:
Corollary 19.8 For any polyhedron K with finitely presented 1 (K) and
n 5 there is defined a commutative braid of exact sequences
[ '' [ ''
[ [ ''') [ [ ''')
[[ [[.
S
''
(K)
'
H (K; L )
' H (K; . (L,P )
)
')' [[[] 'A)' [[[]
n+1 n n
[ [
][ '''A ''
P n
H (K; . ) V L (K)
[ []
[ ' ')
n
[ [ '
) [
[
Hn+1
44 )
(K; . (L,P )
4
(K)
4
P
S (K)
hjh hjh
n
44 4s4
n
4hh h 4hh h
with (L,P
.
)
the fibre of the simply connected symmetric signature map : P
.
.
L .
19. Geometric Poincare complexes 211
u u u u
... w H (Y ; L.)
n w L (Z[ (Y )])
n 1 w Sn (Y ) wH
n1 (Y ; L. ) w ...
f
u f
u
f
u f
u
... w H (X; L.)
n w L (Z[ (X)])
n 1 w S (X) w H (X; L.) w . . .
n n1
u u u u
... w H (f ; L.)
n w L (f )
n w S (f ) w H (f ; L.) w . . .
n n1
u u u u
... wH n1 (Y ; L. ) wLn1 (Z[1 (Y )]) w S (Y ) w H (Y ; L.) w . . .
n1 n2
u u u u
.. .. .. ..
. . . .
with exact rows and columns. The total surgery obstruction of a finite
212 Algebraic L-theory and topological manifolds
21. Transfer
The L-theory transfer maps associated to fibrations give generalized product
formulae for the various signatures, and also the total surgery obstructions.
The transfer maps for coverings give the Morita theory isomorphisms in the
projective L-groups, which are used in 22 to describe the rational L-theory
of finite fundamental groups.
See Ranicki [144, 8], [145, 8] for the L-theory products for any rings with
involution R, S
Lm (R) Ln (S) Lm+n (R S) ,
Lm (R) Ln (S) Lm+n (R S)
and for the applications to topology, generalizing the EilenbergZilber the-
orem
(X Y ) (X) (Y ) .
On the chain level the L-theory products are given by the tensor product
pairing
{ R-module chain complexes} { S-module chain complexes}
{ R S-module chain complexes} ; (C, D) C D .
{
geometric Poincare complex X
The product of an m-dimensional and an
normal map (f, b): M X
n-dimensional
{ geometric Poincare complex
{ Y is an (m + n)-dimensional
geometric Poincare complex symmetric
with signature
normal map quadratic
(X Y ) = (X) (Y ) L (Z[1 (X Y )])
m+n
((f, b) 1: M Y X Y )
= (f, b) (Y ) Lm+n (Z[1 (X Y )]) .
In the simply connected case 1 (X) = 1 (Y ) = {1} these are the usual
product formulae for the signature and KervaireArf invariant (Browder
[16, III.5]). See Appendix B for the corresponding product structures on
the algebraic L-spectra. On the cycle level these structures define products
in the 1/2-connective visible symmetric L-groups
V Lm (X)V Ln (Y ) V Lm+n (X Y ) ; (C, )(D, ) (C D, )
for any polyhedra X, Y .
Proposition 21.1 The product of a finite m-dimensional geometric Poinc-
are complex X and a finite n-dimensional geometric Poincare complex Y
is a finite (m + n)-dimensional geometric Poincare complex X Y with
1/2-connective visible symmetric signature
(X Y ) = (X) (Y ) V Lm+n (X Y )
21. Transfer 219
p
A fibration F E B with the fibre F a finite m-dimensional geo-
metric Poincare complex induces transfer maps in the quadratic L-groups
p ! : Ln (Z[1 (B)]) Lm+n (Z[1 (E)]) ,
which were described geometrically by Quinn [130] and algebraically in Luck
and Ranicki [99]. An n-dimensional normal map (f, b): M X and a refer-
ence map XB lift to an (m+n)-dimensional normal map (f ! , b ! ): M !
X ! and a reference map X ! E such that
p ! (f, b) = (f ! , b ! ) Lm+n (Z[1 (E)]) .
From now on, it will be assumed that the fibration is defined by a simplicial
map p : EB of finite simplicial complexes which is a P L fibration in the
sense of Hatcher [74], with the fibre F = p1 ({}) a finite m-dimensional ge-
ometric Poincare complex. In terms of the cycle theory of 14 the quadratic
L-theory transfer maps are given by
p ! : Ln (Z[1 (B)]) = Ln ((Z, B))
Lm+n (Z[1 (E)]) = Lm+n ((Z, E)) ; (C, ) (C ! , ! )
with (C, ) = {C( ), ( ) | B} a globally Poincare cycle of (n | |)-
dimensional quadratic complexes over (Z, B) (= n-dimensional quadratic
Poincare complex in (Z, B)), and
(C ! , ! ) = {(C ! (), ! ()) | E}
the lifted globally Poincare cycle of (m + n | |)-dimensional quadratic
complexes over (Z, E) with
C ! () = (D(, E), D(, E)) C(p ) .
The cycle approach extends to define compatible transfer maps in the 1/2-
connective visible symmetric L-groups
p ! : V Ln (B) V Lm+n (E) ; (C, ) (C ! , ! )
and also in the normal L-theory L b .-homology groups
n
b .) H
p ! : H (B; L b .) .
(E; L
m+n
p
Remark 21.3 For any P L fibration F E B with the fibre F a finite
m-dimensional geometric Poincare complex the composite
p ! p ! : Ln (Z[1 (B)]) Lm+n (Z[1 (E)]) Lm+n (Z[1 (B)])
is shown in Luck and Ranicki [100] to depend only the 1 (B)-equivariant
Witt class (F, p) Lm (1 (B), Z) of the symmetric Poincare complex
of F over Z with the chain homotopy 1 (B)-action by fibre transport.
See [100] for the equivariant L-groups L (, Z) and the assembly map
A: H m (B; L.)Lm (1 (B), Z). If B is a compact n-dimensional homol-
ogy manifold and F is a compact m-dimensional homology manifold then
E is a compact (m + n)-dimensional homology manifold, and the -map
BLm (Z) sending each simplex B to the symmetric Poincare fibre
(p1 ) over Z represents an element [F, p]L H m (B; L.) with assembly
.
A([F, p]L ) = (F, p) Lm (1 (B), Z). The canonical L -homology funda-
mental class [E]L Hm+n (E; L.) has image
p [E] = [F, p] [B] H
! L L (B; L.) .
L m+n
21. Transfer 221
p
Remark 21.4 A finite d-sheeted covering is a fibration F E B with
the fibre F a 0-dimensional manifold consisting of d points. It is convenient
to write B = X, E = X. The covering is classified by the subgroup
= 1 (X) = 1 (X)
of finite index d. The transfer maps in the quadratic L-groups
p ! : Ln (Z[]) Ln (Z[])
are given algebraically by the functor
p ! : { Z[]-modules } { Z[]-modules } ; M M !
sending a Z[]-module M to the Z[]-module M ! obtained by restricting
the action to Z[] Z[]. The transfer maps define a map of exact sequences
p! p!
u u u u
d d
(
d
)
R R Md (R) R ; (x, (yi ), (zjk ))
d d
xyj zjk ,
j=1
See Hambleton and Madsen [67] for the detection of the projective surgery
obstructions in Lp (Z[]) of normal maps of finitely dominated geometric
Poincare complexes with finite fundamental group in terms of the mul-
tisignature, Arf invariants and various semi-invariants as well as the Wall
finiteness obstruction, which together with the underlying homotopy type
can be used to at least express the projective total surgery obstruction
sp (X) Spn (X) (Appendix C) in terms of computable invariants.
The multisignature is the fundamental invariant of surgery obstruction
theory with finite fundamental group . It is a collection of integers indexed
by the irreducible real representations of , generalizing the signature in the
simply connected case. The multisignature suces for the computation of
the projective L-groups Lp (R[]) = Lp (R[]), and for the determination of
the quadratic L-groups L (Z[]) and the quadratic structure groups S (B)
modulo torsion. In 22.36 below it is explicitly verified that for an oriented
finite n-dimensional geometric Poincare complex X with a map 1 (X)
to a finite group the multisignature determines the image of the total
surgery obstruction s(X) Sn (X) in Sn (B) modulo torsion. For the sake
of brevity only the oriented case is considered in 22.
There are two distinct approaches to the multisignature, both of which
were applied to the L-theory of finite groups by Wall [180, 13A,B]:
(i) The K-theoretic G-signature method of Atiyah and Singer [7] and
Petrie [128], which depends on the character theory of finite-dimensional F -
representations of a compact Lie group G, with F = R or C . Only the case
of a discrete finite group is considered here, with G = . The K-theory F -
multisignature for L2p (F []) consists of the rank invariants of the algebraic
K-group K0 (F []) giving a natural isomorphism L4
p (F []) = K0 (F []),
with the complex conjugation involution if F = C . There is a similar (but
more complicated) result for L4+2p (F []).
(ii) The L-theoretic method of Wall [176], [180], Frohlich and McEvett
[57] and Lewis [95], which depends on the algebraic properties of the ring
F [] for a finite group , with F any field of characteristic 0. The L-theory
F -multisignature for L2p (F []) consists of the signature invariants of the
L-groups of the division rings appearing in the Wedderburn decomposition
of F [] as a product of matrix algebras over division rings.
The K- and L-theory F -multisignatures coincide whenever both are de-
fined. The Q-multisignature coincides with the R-multisignature.
The reduced projective class group K e 0 (Z[]) is finite for a finite group
by a theorem of Swan, and every f.g. projective Z[]-module P induces a
f.g. free Q[]-module Q[] Z[] P , so that
im(Ke 0 (Z[])K
e 0 (Q[])) = {0}
and the Q-multirank is not useful for detecting K e 0 (Z[]). The F -multitorsion
is defined for any field F of characteristic 0 by means of the identification
(F,)
K1 (F []) = K1 (Dj (F, )) .
j=1
By a theorem of Bass the torsion group K1 (Z[]) and the Whitehead group
W h() are finitely generated for finite , with the same rank
dimQ Q K1 (Z[]) = dimQ Q W h() = (R, ) (Q, )
detected by the Q-multitorsion subject to the restrictions given by the
Dirichlet unit theorem: each of the (Q, ) simple factors S = Md (D)
in Q[] contributes (R, S) 1, with (R, S) the number of simple factors
in R Q S.
The character of an F -representation : GLd (F ) is the (conjugacy)
class function
() : F ; g tr((g)) .
Let RF () be the F -coecient character group of , the free abelian group of
Z-linear combinations of the characters of the irreducible F -representations.
The F -multirank also defines an isomorphism
(F,)
K0 (F []) RF () ; [P ] rj (P )(j )
j=1
with j the irreducible F -representation
j : AutF (Dj (F, )dj ) = GLcj dj (F )
of degree cj dj defined by the composite
F [] Sj (F, ) = EndDj (F,) (Dj (F, )dj ) .
reduces the computation of L (F []) for finite to that of L (D) for division
rings with involution D which are finite-dimensional algebras over F . By
assumption F has characteristic 0, so that 1/2 F and there is no dierence
between the quadratic and symmetric L-groups
L (F []) = L (F []) .
The calculations are particularly easy for projective L-theory Lp , since this
has better categorical properties than the free L-theory L , while diering
from it in at most 2-primary torsion:
Proposition 22.6 For any ring with involution A the forgetful maps L (A)
Lp (A) from the free to the projective L-groups are isomorphisms modulo
2-primary torsion, so that
L (A)[1/2] = Lp (A)[1/2] .
Proof Immediate from the exact sequence of Ranicki [139]
b n (Z2 ; K
. . . Ln (A) Lnp (A) H e 0 (A)) Ln1 (A) . . . ,
b are of exponent 2.
since the Tate Z2 -cohomology groups H
The rank of the Witt group L2k (D) = L0 (D, ()k ) of a division ring with
involution D is the number of the signatures given by the embeddings of D
in R, H and C , whose L-theory is tabulated in 22.16 below.
The following definition of the multisignature is just a translation into
the language of algebraic L-theory of the definition due to Wall [176, 4.9],
[180, p. 164].
Definition 22.13 The L-theory F -multisignature of a nonsingular (1)k -
symmetric form (M, ) over F [] for a finite group is the collection of
k (F, ) signature invariants
( )
j (M, ) = [Sj (F, ) F [] (M, )] im L2k (Sj (F, )) Z
r k (Dj (F,))
with k (F, ) = rk (Dj (F, )).
jJ(F,)
Every simple factor Sj (R, ) in R[] is preserved by the involution, and the
duality involution : K0 (R[])K0 (R[]) is the identity.
In order to obtain the corresponding computation of L2 p (R[]) it is nec-
essary to consider the action of the involution on R[] on the simple factors
Sj (R, ).
Let A be a central simple algebra over a field K of characteristic = 2,
with dimK (A) = d2 . Involutions
I : A A ; a a
are classified by the dimensions of the I-invariant subspaces
A+ = H 0 (Z2 ; A) = {a A | a = a} ,
A = H 1 (Z2 ; A) = {a A | a = a}
with A = A+ A , as follows:
(I) (first kind, orthogonal type)
dimK (A+ ) = d(d + 1)/2 , dimK (A ) = d(d 1)/2 ,
in which case I|: KK is the identity,
(II) (first kind, symplectic type)
dimK (A+ ) = d(d 1)/2 , dimK (A ) = d(d + 1)/2 ,
in which case I|: KK is the identity,
(III) (second kind, unitary type) d is even and
dimK (A+ ) = dimK (A ) = d2 ,
in which case I|: KK is not the identity.
See Scharlau [156, 8.7] for further details.
Example 22.17 Let (V, ) be a nonsingular -symmetric form over a field
with involution K of characteristic = 2, and let dimK (V ) = d. Define an
22. Finite fundamental group 239
The round free quadratic L-groups Lr (R) are the quadratic L-groups of
a ring with involution R defined using f.g. free R-modules of even rank,
which dier from the projective and free L-groups by the exact sequences
b n+1 (Z2 ; K0 (R)) Lrn (R) Lpn (R)
. . . H
b n (Z2 ; K0 (R)) . . . ,
H
b n+1 (Z2 ; im(K0 (Z)
. . . H K0 (R))) Lrn (R) Lhn (R)
b n (Z2 ; im(K0 (Z)
H K0 (R))) . . . .
Similarly for the round free symmetric L-groups Lr (R). See Hambleton,
Ranicki and Taylor [70] for further details.
Theorem 22.18 Let be a finite group.
240 Algebraic L-theory and topological manifolds
Ln1 (R[]) . . . .
See Serre [157, 13] and Curtis and Reiner [42, 73A] for further details.
Example 22.20 (i) For any finite group the trivial irreducible C-represent-
ation of degree 1
GL1 (C) ; g 1
are of the orthogonal type (I) if j = 0 or m/2 (m even), and of the unitary
type (III) otherwise, with j = mj .
i+! = 1 0 0 : L4
p (R[]) = Z Z Z
R (R,) R (R,) H (R,) C (R,)
L4 +
p (C []) = Z2 ,
R (R,)
i+! = 0 : L4+2
p (R[]) = Z2 Z
H (R,) C (R,)
L4+2
p (C + []) = Z2 .
H (R,)
Remark 22.22 For any ring A and a non-square central unit a A let
A[ a ] = A[t]/(t2 a)
be the quadratic extension ring obtained by adjoining the square roots of a.
Given an involution : AA with a = a let A[ a ]+ , A[ a ] denote the
rings with involution defined by A[ a ] with the involution on A extended
by
: A[ a ] A[ a ] ; x + y a x y a .
22. Finite fundamental group 245
(In the classic case A = R, a = 1, A[ a] = C). Jacobsons work on
hermitian forms over quadratic field extensions was used by Milnor and
Husemoller [113, p. 116] to obtain an exact sequence
0 L0 (A[ a ] ) L0 (A) L0 (A[ a ]+ )
in the case when A is a field with the identity involution. See Wall [180, 12C],
Hambleton [65], Harsiladze [72], Hambleton, Taylor and Williams [71], Lewis
[96], Ranicki [147] for various generalizations to the L-theory of quadratic
extensions of more general rings with involution A. The isomorphisms
of relative L-groups of the induction and transfer maps of the inclusions
i : AA[ a ] obtained in [147] for any A
L (i! : AA[ a ] ) = L+1 (i+! : A[ a ]+ A) ,
L ((i ) ! : AA[ a ] )
= L+1 ((i+ ) ! : A[ a ]+ A)
L
[] ''
(i )
n+1
+
L
hj
h 4
4
((i ) )
n+1
4
6
+ !
[] ''')
L (i ) n
+
[ '
) [
! !
[ h
[
L
NN
(A[ a ] )+
L
NN
(A) L
NN
(A[ a ] )
L (A) .
NN
NN
NN
n+1 n+1 n1 n1
If the rings A and A[ a ] are semisimple then
Lp2+1 (A) = Lp2+1 (A[ a ] ) = 0 ,
so that in the projective version of the braid with even n the L-groups at
the bottom are all 0 and the L-groups at the top fit into an octagon
246 Algebraic L-theory and topological manifolds
Lp0 (A[ a ] ) w L (A)[
p
[[]
0
Lp2 (A) Lp0 (A[ a ]+ )
u
u
[^[
Lp2 (A[ a ]+ )
Lp0 (A)
[
Lp2 (A) u
Lp2 (A[ a ] )
with
i !i ! = (dj )2 + 4(dj )2 + 2(dj )2
Dj =R Dj =H Dj =C
L2+1
p (R[Zm ]) = 0 .
The 4k-dimensional assembly map
.
A : H4k (BZm ; L (R)) = H4j (BZm ; L4k4j (R))
j=0
i!
H0 (BZm ; L4k (R)) = L4k (R) = Z L4k
p (R[Zm ])
has image the cyclic subgroup generated by A(1) = (1, 1, . . . , 1), and the
(4k + 2)-dimensional assembly map has image 0. The projective Witt class
of a nonsingular symmetric form over R[Zm ] is in the image of the assembly
map if and only if the R-multisignature components are equal. The 4k-
dimensional transfer map is given by
{
! (1 2 . . . 2)
i =
(1 1 2 . . . 2)
Z (m1)/2
Z {
odd
4k
: Lp (R[Zm ]) = Lp (R) = Z if m is
4k
Z2 Z even .
(m2)/2
by
( )
!
( )
i = dj 2dj dj 1 1 :
Dj =R Dj =H Dj =C
L2k
p (C []) = Z Z (Z Z) L2k (C ) = Z
R (R,) H (R,) C (R,)
with
i !i ! = (dj )2 + 4(dj )2 + 2(dj )2 = || :
Dj =R Dj =H Dj =C
L2k (C ) = Z L2k (C ) = Z .
and by 22.26
i ! (X) = ||j ! (X) L4k (R) ,
signature (X) = || signature (X) Z .
u u
Z w Zq
where
Z[] = Z[z]/(1 + z + z 2 + . . . + z q1 ) (z = z 1 )
22. Finite fundamental group 251
is the extension of Z by the primitive qth root of unity = e2i/q with the
complex conjugation involution. As in Ranicki [146, 6.3] there is defined an
L-theory MayerVietoris exact sequence
0 L4k (Z[Zq ]) L4k (Z) L4k (Z[])
L4k (Zq ) L4k1 (Z[Zq ]) 0 .
As in Wall [177] the pullback construction can be used to obtain a non-
singular quadratic form (K, , ) over Z[Zq ] with K = Z[Zq ]8 a f.g. free
Z[Zq ]-module of rank 8, such that
Z Z[Zq ] (K, , ) = (Z8 , E8 ) = 1 L4k (Z) = Z ,
Z[] Z[Zq ] (K, , ) = H+ (Z[]4 ) = 0 L4k (Z[])
with H+ (Z[]4 ) the hyperbolic form of rank 8 over Z[]. The Witt class
(K, , ) L4k (Z[Zq ]) does not belong to the image of the assembly map
(K, , )
/ im(A: H4k (BZq ; L. )L4k (Z[Zq ]))
since the R-multisignature is such that
R (1 + T )(K, , ) = (8, 0)
/ im(A) = { (s, s, . . . , s) | s Z }
{Z Z if q = 2
Lp (R[Zq ]) = L (R) Lp (R[]) =
4k 4k 4k
Z Z if q = 2 .
(q1)/2
Next, consider the L-theory of the rational group ring Q[] for a finite
group , which is built up from the Witt groups of quadratic and hermitian
forms over algebraic number fields and quaternion algebras.
Definition 22.29 (i) For any field F let nR (F ) be the number of embed-
dings F R, one for each ordering of F , and let nC (F ) be the number of
conjugate pairs of embeddings F C.
(ii) For any field with involution F let nC (F, Z2 ) be the number of conjugate
pairs of embeddings F C .
252 Algebraic L-theory and topological manifolds
adjoining the dth roots of unity. Now Q(d) is totally real for d = 1, 2 and
totally imaginary for d 3, with one embedding
Q(d) C ; e2i/d e2iu/d
for each unit u Zd Zd . Thus
{ {
1 d = 1, 2
nR (Q(d)) = if
0 d3,
{ {
0 d = 1, 2
nC (Q(d)) = nC (Q(d), Z2 ) = if
(d)/2 d3
with (d) = | Zd | the Euler function, the number of positive integers < d
which are coprime to d. By 22.30 the symmetric Witt group of Q(d) is such
that { {
0 Z[1/2] d = 1, 2
L (Q(d))[1/2] = (d)/2 if
Z[1/2] d3.
By 22.31 the symmetric Witt group of Q[Zm ] is such that
{ {
0 0 Z[1/2](m+1)/2 odd
L (Q[Zm ])[1/2] = L (Q(d))[1/2] = if m is
d|m
Z[1/2](m+2)/2 even ,
using (d) = m. This agrees with the computation of L0p (R[Zm ]) in
d|m
22.24.
256 Algebraic L-theory and topological manifolds
(Q,)
L2k
p (Q[]) = L2k (Dj , j ) .
j=1
The contributions to the Q-multisignature of all the simple factors Sj of
Q[] are thus just the R-multisignatures of the induced products of simple
factors R Q Sj of R[], with
0 (Q, ) = nR (Q()) + nC (Q()) = (R, ) = 0 (R, ) ,
= =
1 (Q, ) = nC (Q()) = C (R, ) = 1 (R, ) .
=
... w L (Z[])
p
n wL X
n (Q[]) wL
X
n (i) wL
p
n1 (Z[]) w ...
u u u u
=
... w b
Lpn (Z[]) w b b
n (Q[])
LX w b b
LX
n (i) wL
p b
n1 (Z[]) w ...
258 Algebraic L-theory and topological manifolds
1 Q
(R,Zm )
{
0
if k (mod 2) .
1
For k 0 (mod 2) there is one multisignature component sj for each irre-
ducible R-representation of Zm = T | T m = 1
{
R if j = 1 or (m + 2)/2 (m even)
j : Zm Dj =
C otherwise ;
T e2ij/m (0 j < 0 (R, Zm )) ,
with
signature (X) = s1 L4k (R) = Z ,
0 (R,Zm )
signature (X) = cj sj L4k (R) = Z (cj = dimR (Dj )) .
j=1
The total surgery obstruction is such that
[s(X)] Q = 0 S2k (BZm ) Q
if and only if the multisignature components are equal
signature (X) = s1 = s2 = . . . = s0 (R,Zm ) Z ,
in which case
(0 (R,Z
m ) )
signature (X) = cj s1 = m signature (X) Z
j=1
confirming the multiplicativity of the signature for finite covers of manifolds
(21.4, 22.26) in the cyclic case.
23. Splitting 261
23. Splitting
The algebraic methods appropriate to the computation of L (Z[]) and
S (B) for finite groups do not in general extend to infinite groups .
At present, systematic computations are possible only for infinite groups
which are geometric in some sense, such as the following.
(i) is an n-dimensional Poincare duality group, i.e. such that the classi-
fying space B is an n-dimensional geometric Poincare complex. Dierential
and hyperbolic geometry provide many examples of Poincare duality groups
acting freely on an open contractible n-dimensional manifolds with com-
pact quotient, such as the torsion-free crystallographic groups acting on
Rn . The generic result expected in this case is that the assembly map
A: H (B; L. )L (Z[]) is an isomorphism for > n, with S (B) = 0
for > n and s(B) = 0 Sn (B) = Z, so that B is homotopy equivalent
to an aspherical compact n-dimensional topological manifold with topologi-
cal rigidity. This is the strongest form of the Novikov and Borel conjectures,
which will be discussed (but alas not proved) in 24 below.
(ii) acts on a tree with compact quotient, so that by the BassSerre the-
ory is either an amalgamated free product or an HN N extension. The
generic result available in this case is that if is obtained from the trivial
group {1} by a sequence of amalgamated free products and HN N exten-
sions then S (B) can be expressed in terms of the Tate Z2 -cohomology
groups of the duality involution on the algebraic K-theory of Z[], the UNil-
groups of Cappell [23] and the generalized BrowderLivesay LN -groups of
Wall [180, 12C], which arise from the codimension 1 splitting obstruction
theory. It is this splitting theory which will be considered now.
Definition 23.1 A homotopy equivalence f : M M of compact n-dimen-
sional manifolds splits along a compact submanifold N nq M n if f is
h-cobordant a homotopy equivalence (also denoted by f ) transverse regular
at N M , such that the restriction f |: N = f 1 (N )N is a homotopy
equivalence of compact (n q)-dimensional manifolds.
u
u
1 (Y ) w (X) .
1
Proposition 23.3 The exact sequence of Ranicki [146, 7.2.6] relating the
codimension q splitting obstruction groups LS () and the quadratic struc-
ture groups S for X = E() S() Z
. . . LSnq () Sn ( ! : Y Z) Sn (X)
LSnq1 () . . .
extends to a commutative braid of exact sequences
h 44 h 44
h. h 64 hh 64
n
4 64 hjV L (X)4 64 LShj ()
H (X; L ) n
nq1
h h
j
h
n
4
V L ( ) !
4
6 j
h 446
S (X)n
h h
LS
NN
()
N
S ( ) !
H (X; L.) .
N
NN
nq n n1
264 Algebraic L-theory and topological manifolds
N N N N
N N
' )' [] (X)' )' LSNPN ()
H (X; . )
n
P P
n nq1
[ N
NP
N
( )
P
n
!
P
N
N
S (X) n
N N
LS
AA
()
A
S ( ) H !
(X; . ) P
A AA
nq n n1
with P P
. = . ({}) the Poincare bordism spectrum of a point.
If the group morphisms (i1 ) , (i2 ) in cases (A) and (B) are injections then
the LS-groups are direct sums
LSn1 () = UNiln+1 () H b n (Z2 ; I)
of the UNil-groups of Cappell [23] and the Tate Z2 -cohomology groups with
respect to the duality Z2 -action on the algebraic K-group
I = im(: W h(1 (X))K e 0 (Z[1 (Y )]))
{
e 0 (Z[1 (Y )]) K
ker((i1 ) (i2 ) : K e 0 (Z[1 (Z1 )]) K
e 0 (Z[1 (Z2 )]))
=
e 0 (Z[1 (Y )]) K
ker((i1 ) (i2 ) : K e 0 (Z[1 (Z)]))
{
(A)
for
(B) .
Here, : W h(1 (X))K e 0 (Z[1 (Y )]) is a component of the connecting map
in the algebraic K-theory exact sequence of Waldhausen [175]
f 1 () W h(1 (Z1 )) W h(1 (Z2 ))
. . . W h(1 (Y )) Nil
W h( (X)) K
1 0
f () . . .
e (Z[ (Y )]) Nil 1 0
f 1 () W h(1 (Z))
. . . W h(1 (Y )) Nil
W h(1 (X)) K f 0 () . . . .
e 0 (Z[1 (Y )]) Nil
The split surjection LSn1 ()Hb n (Z2 ; I) fits into a commutative square
Sn+1 (X) H w
b n+1 (Z2 ; W h(1 (X)))
u u
LSn1 () w Hb n
(Z2 ; I)
with
b n+1 (Z2 ; W h(1 (X))) ; (C, ) (C(X))
Sn+1 (X) H e
the map which sends the cobordism class of an n-dimensional locally Poincare
globally contractible complex (C, ) in A (Z, X) to the Tate Z2 -cohomology
266 Algebraic L-theory and topological manifolds
V Ln1 ((iw ) ! ) . . . .
The visible symmetric structure V Qn (C) determines the -twisted
quadratic structure i ! t Qn (i ! C, ) by the algebraic analogue of the
antiquadratic construction of [146, pp. 687-735].
Example 23.5C Let Y = RP1 X = RP , with the oriented involu-
tion w = + on
Z[1 (X)] = Z[Z2 ] = Z[T ]/(T 2 1) ,
so that = {1}, = Z2 , t = T , w(T ) = +1. The codimension 1 splitting
obstruction groups in this case are given by Wall [180, 13A.10] to be
LSn () = LNn (i+ : Z
Z[Z2 ]+ ) = Ln+2 (Z) .
23. Splitting 269
Write the quadratic L-theory assembly map for the classifying space B
of a group as
A : H (B; L. (Z)) L (Z[]) .
Proposition 24.5 The following versions of the Novikov conjecture are
equivalent for any finitely presented group :
(i) the universal higher signatures are homotopy invariant, i.e. for any
homotopy equivalence h: N M of oriented compact n-dimensional
manifolds with 1 (M ) = 1 (N ) = and every x H n4 (B; Q)
x (M ) = x (N ) Q ,
276 Algebraic L-theory and topological manifolds
Proof (i) (ii) Working as in the proof of 24.3 (i) the image f [M ]L
Hn (B; L.) determines and is determined modulo torsion by the universal
higher signatures x (M ) Q (x H n4 (B; Q)).
(iii) = (ii) Symmetric and quadratic L-theory only dier in 2-primary
torsion, so (iii) is equivalent to the injectivity of the rational assembly map
in symmetric L-theory
A Q : H (B; L.) Q = H4j (B; Q) L (Z[]) Q .
jZ
For any compact n-dimensional manifold M with 1 (M ) = and classifying
map f : M B the assembly of f [M ]L Hn (B; L.) is the homotopy
invariant symmetric signature
A f [M ]L = A[M ]L = (M ) Ln (Z[]) .
(ii) = (iii) Every element in S+1 (B) is the image of the structure in-
variant s(h) of a homotopy equivalence h: N M of closed manifolds with
fundamental group . The kernel of the assembly map
ker(A : H (B; L. (Z))L (Z[])) = im(S+1 (B)H (B; L. (Z)))
consists of the images of the normal invariants [h]L of such homotopy equiv-
alences h, which are given modulo 2-primary torsion (and a fortiori ratio-
nally) by the dierences of the canonical L.-homology classes
[h]L Q = h [N ]L Q [M ]L Q
.
H (B; L. (Z)) Q = H (B; L (Z)) Q .
A cohomology class x H (B; Q) is such that the function M x (M )
is a homotopy invariant if and only if
ker(A Q) x = 0 H0 (B; Q) = Q .
(This is the case if and only if x H (B; Q) is in the image of the Q-
dual assembly map (A Q) .) If ker(A Q) = 0 then every class x
H (B; Q) satisfies this condition.
(iii) (iv) Trivial.
Remark 24.6 The equivalence of the Novikov conjecture for and the
rational injectivity of the assembly map A was first established by Wall
[180, 17H], Mishchenko and Solovev [118] and Kaminker and Miller [81].
Remark 24.7 The Novikov conjecture for the free abelian groups Zn (n
1) was proved (more or less explicitly) by Novikov [123], [124], Rohlin [152],
Farrell and Hsiang [48], Kasparov [83], Lusztig [101], Shaneson [158], Ran-
icki [140], Cappell [25] using a variety of topological, analytic and algebraic
methods. This case is especially significant, on account of the related prop-
erties of the n-torus BZn = T n used in the work of Novikov [123] on the
topological invariance of the rational Pontrjagin classes, and in the work of
Kirby and Siebenmann [87] on topological manifolds.
N. N N
Hm+1
44
(K; N L 0(Z))
44
L (Z[ (K)]) S 0(Z, K) .
44 hhjh 4 4 hhhj
m 1 m
h h
280 Algebraic L-theory and topological manifolds
The strong form of the Novikov conjecture (24.4) is that condition N (K)
holds for any n-dimensional Poincare duality group , and that s(K) = 0
Sn (K) = L0 (Z), so that K is homotopy equivalent to an aspherical com-
pact n-dimensional topological manifold. This includes the Borel conjecture
concerning the rigidity of aspherical manifolds, since it implies that for any
aspherical compact n-dimensional manifold M with 1 (M ) = , M K
ST OP (M ) = Sn+1 (M ) = Sn+1 (K) = {0} ,
so that any homotopy equivalence f : N M of compact aspherical mani-
folds is homotopic to a homeomorphism (at least for n 5).
Remark 24.14 Many examples of Novikov groups arise geometrically as
the fundamental groups = 1 (M ) of aspherical compact manifolds M =
B with topological rigidity, such that ST OP (M Di , M S i1 ) = 0 for
i 0. See Farrell and Hsiang [49], Farrell and Jones [50], [51], Ferry and
Weinberger [54], Yamasaki [191]. The methods of controlled topology are
particularly relevant here (see Appendix C).
If s(K) = 0 Sn (K) = L0 (Z) then (at least for n 5) the homotopy type
of K contains an aspherical compact topological n-manifold M , and
ST OP (M Di , M S i1 ) = Sn+i+1 (M ) = Sn+i+1 (K) = 0 (i 0) .
Proof Immediate from the exact sequence given by 15.11 (iii)
. . . Sm+1 0(Z, K) Hm (K; L0 (Z)) Sm (K)
Sm 0(Z, K) . . . ,
and the identification in 18.5 of the SullivanWall geometric surgery exact
sequence with the algebraic surgery sequence.
p! p!
u u
Hn (K; L0 (Z)) w S (K)
n
s(K) = 1/2(K)
= (B global 1/2(K) B local 1/2(K))/8
= (B 0(K) 1)/8 Sn (K) = L0 (Z) = Z ,
N N N N
N N
NN NN
n
H (K; L (Z))
0 H
P
N n1
(K; L. 1(Z)) L
P
N
(Z[ (K)])
n1 1
NN NN
N N
PN PN
S 1(Z, K)
n H (K; L. 0(Z))
n1
N N
NN NN
n 1
''
L (Z[ (K)])
[
] ''
S 0(Z, K)
n H
[
]
(K; L (Z)) ,
n1 0
'' [ [ '' [ [
'[[ '[[
and that there is defined an isomorphism
L. 0(Z)) Hn (K; L0 (Z)) ;
Hn (K; L. 1(Z)
(CD, (, )) (D( )/C( ), ( )/( ))
K (n)
4 4 4
4
4 44
C
A C
H (K; L.0(Z)) V L 0(Z, K)n
AAAn
A A
A AA
0
C
A
V L (K)
n
N
P 0
AAA
NNN
H (K; L (Z))
C
A
S (K)
A
n 0 n
AA AA
defining a direct sum system
V Ln 0(Z, K) = Hn (K; L.0(Z))
V Ln (K) Sn (K) = Hn (K; L0 (Z)) .
In particular, the quadratic boundary map
: V Ln (K) Sn (K) ; (C, ) (C, ) = (C, )
is a split surjection, with kernel isomorphic to V Ln 0(Z, K). For any
n-dimensional 1/2-connective globally Poincare normal complex (C, ) in
A (Z, K) the image of (C, ) V Ln (K) in the algebraic normal complex
cobordism group
b .) = Hn (K; L. 1(Z)
Hn (K; L L.0(Z))
is represented by the n-dimensional 0-connective locally Poincare normal
pair (CD, (0, (1 + T ))) with D = C n+1 , (D/C, 0/(1 + T )) =
(C, ). The symmetric version of (i) now allows the identification
(1 + T )(C, )
= B global (D/C, 0/(1 + T )) B local (D/C, 0/(1 + T ))
= B global (C, ) B local (C, ) Hn (K; L0 (Z)) = L0 (Z) ,
with
1 + T = 8 : L0 (Z) = Z L0 (Z) = Z .
(iii) The n-dimensional 1/2-connective globally Poincare normal complex
(C, ) in A (Z, K) with C = (K ) representing 1/2(Z, K) = (C, )
286 Algebraic L-theory and topological manifolds
(ii) For any space X there are defined commutative braids of exact sequences
N N
N
A N
N N
N N
H (X; L. )
S (X)
NANNNP NNNP
n L (Z[ (X)])
n 1 n
N
N
n
H (X; L. )
P
N NP
N
S (X)
n
NN NN
S
''
(X)
''
H (X; L (Z)) H (X; L. )
'' [[] '' [[]
n+1 n 0 n1
'[[ [ '[[ [
292 Algebraic L-theory and topological manifolds
N N
0 N N
NN N. N
H (X; L ) H (X; L b .)
NNNNP NNNNP
Hn+1 (X; L (Z)) 0 n n
N
N
n
H (X; L. )
P NP
N
H (X; L.)n
NbN. NN
H
''
(X; L )
' '
H (X; L. ) H (X; L (Z))
'' [[] '' [[]
n+1 n n 0
'[[ [ '[[ [
N N
A N N
N. N NN
H (X; L )
n
S (X)
NANNNP NNNP
n V L (X) n
N
.
P
N
N
n
H (X; L )
NP
N
S (X) n
NN NN
S (X)
'' [] '' '
H (X; L (Z)) H
[]
(X; L.)
'' [ 0[[
n+1 n 0 n1
A
N
P
N
N
V L (X)
n
NP
N
S (X)
n
NN NN
'' '
.
[] ''
H (X; L (Z)) S (X) H (X; L ) .
'' [ [[]
n 0 n n1
Proof (i) The inclusion L.L. is split by the forgetful map L.L..
(ii) The braids of exact sequences are induced from the braids of fibrations
of spectra given by 15.18.
Hn (X; L. ) A A w VL n
(X)
][
[[
V Ln (X)
PN
Sn (X)
u NN
u
Hn (X; L0 (Z)) w S (X)n
commutes.
Proof (i) The double skew-suspension maps define an isomorphism of exact
sequences
... wH m (X; L. q + 1) wH m (X; L. q) wH mq (X; Lq (Z)) w ...
u u u
... wH
m+4 (X; L. q + 5) wHm+4 (X; L. q + 4) wH mq (X; Lq+4 (Z)) w ...
for any m, q Z, with L. q = L. q(Z). The natural map
Hm (X; L. 0) = Hm+4 (X; L. 4) Hm+4 (X; L. 0)
25. The 4-periodic theory 295
Since Ln (0(Z, X)) = Ln (1(Z, X)) (by 15.11 (i)) there exists an (n +
1)-dimensional quadratic pair in 0(Z, X)
P = ( C C D , (, ) )
with C 1-connective and D 0-connective. The assembly of (C, ) is repre-
sented by (C , )
A(C, ) = (C , ) Ln (Z[1 (X)]) = Ln (1(Z, X)) ,
296 Algebraic L-theory and topological manifolds
so the composite
A 1+T
Hn (X; L. ) Ln (Z[1 (X)]) V Ln (X)
sends (C, ) Hn (X; L. ) to (C , (1 + T ) ) V Ln (X). The boundary of
P is an n-dimensional locally Poincare globally contractible quadratic pair
in 0(Z, X)
P = ( C C D , (, ) )
with
Cr = Cr+1 C nr , Cr = Cr+1
C nr ,
Dr = Dr+1 Dnr+1 C nr C nr (r Z)
such that C is locally contractible, C is 1-connective and D is 0-
connective. The composite
A
Hn (X; L. ) Ln (Z[1 (X)]) V Ln (X) Sn (X)
sends (C, ) Hn (X; L. ) to (C , ) Sn (X). For each n-simplex
X (n) the 0-dimensional quadratic Poincare complex in 0(Z)
P ( ) = ((D/(C C))( ), (/( ))( ))
is cobordant to (C( ), ( )), so that
[P ] = P ( ) = (C( ), ( )) = [C, ] Hn (X; L0 (Z)) .
X (n) X (n)
An application of (ii) gives
(C , ) = [P ] = [C, ]
ker(Sn (X)Sn (X)) = im(Hn (X; L0 (Z))Sn (X)) ,
verifying the commutativity of the diagram.
with i(x) Hn (X; L0 (Z)) the image of x under the natural map
Hn (X; L. ) = Hn (X; L. 0(Z)) Hn (X; 0 (L. 0(Z))) = Hn (X; L0 (Z)) .
Proof (i) Immediate from the exact sequences
A
. . . Hn (X; L.) V L n (X) Sn (X) Hn1 (X; L.) . . . ,
A
. . . Hn (X; L.) V Ln (X) Sn (X) Hn1 (X; L.) . . . .
(ii) The natural map Hn (X; L. )Hn (X; L0 (Z)) coincides with the com-
posite
([X]L )1
Hn (X; L. ) H 0 (X; L. ) = [X, L0 (Z) G/T OP ]
projection [X]
[X, L0 (Z)] = H 0 (X; L0 (Z)) Hn (X; L0 (Z)) ,
with [X] = f [M ] H (X; L.) the L.-coecient fundamental class of X
L L n
determined by (f, b), and [X] Hn (X) the ordinary (Z-coecient) funda-
mental class. The identities s(X) = 0, s(X) = [i(x)] follow from 25.3 (iv).
with [f, b]L = t(b) [M, G/T OP ] represented by the fibre homotopy trivi-
alized dierence eM M : M BT OP , with M the canonical topological
reduction of the Spivak normal fibration.
P P N N
. = . ({}) , . = . ({}) .
Define
P
. = cofibre(L. L. P
. ) = fibre(. L. ) ,
N
N N NN
NN N N
P N
N
P
NN n
H (K; L. )
P NP
N
H (K; . )
n
NN NN
Hn+1
''
(K; . )N
''
H (K; L. ) H (K; L (Z)) .
'' [[] '' [[]
n n 0
'[[ [ '[[ [
The relation between the 4-periodic theory and geometric Poincare bor-
dism is given by the following generalization of 19.6:
Proposition 25.12 (i) For any polyhedron K with finitely presented 1 (K)
302 Algebraic L-theory and topological manifolds
N N s N
N
NN N N
A
P
H (K; . )
N
P
(K)P
N
P
S (K)
NANN s NN
n n n
N
P
NP
N
H (K; . )
n
NP
N
S (K) n
NN NN
i
S
''
(K)
''
H (K; L (Z)) H (K; . ) . P
'[[ [ '[[ [
(ii) A finite n-dimensional geometric Poincare complex X has 4-periodic
total surgery obstruction s(X) = 0 Sn (X) if (and for n 5 only if ) there
P P
exists an . -homology fundamental class [X]P Hn (X; . ) with assembly
the geometric Poincare bordism class of 1: XX
A([X]P ) = (1: XX) P
n (X) ,
Remark 25.13 Bryant, Ferry, Mio and Weinberger [21] have announced
the existence of nonresolvable compact n-dimensional AN R homology man-
ifolds realizing the Quinn resolution obstruction in each dimension n 5. It
follows that the 4-periodic total surgery obstruction of a finite n-dimensional
geometric Poincare complex X is such that s(X) = 0 Sn (X) if (and for
n 5 only if) X is homotopy equivalent to a compact n-dimensional AN R
homology manifold M , in which case the total surgery obstruction of X is
the image of the resolution obstruction of M
s(X) = [i(M )] im(Hn (X; L0 (Z))Sn (X)) = ker(Sn (X)Sn (X)) .
It also follows that the structure set SHT OP (M ) of a compact n-dimensional
25. The 4-periodic theory 303
... wL
n+1 (Z[]) wS HT OP
(M ) w [M, L (Z) G/T OP ] w L (Z[])
0 n
s t
u u
... wL
n+1 (Z[]) wS n+1 (M ) w H (M ; L.)
n
A w L (Z[])
n
Remark 25.14 The 4-periodic total surgery obstruction s(B) of the classi-
fying space B of an n-dimensional Novikov group takes value in Sn (B) =
{0}, so that by 25.13 B is homotopy equivalent to a compact n-dimensional
AN R homology manifold M (at least for n 5) such that
s(M ) = i(M ) Sn (M ) = Sn (B) = L0 (Z) ,
SHT OP (M ) = Sn+1 (M ) = Sn+1 (B) = {0} .
In particular, M is resolvable if and only if M is homotopy equivalent to
a manifold. Ferry and Pedersen [53] used bounded surgery to show that
any compact AN R homology manifold in the homotopy type of a compact
aspherical manifold with a Novikov fundamental group is resolvable.
with 1 H ni
(S ) = Z. The composite gf : N S ni can be made
ni
N N N N
N N N N
NN NN.
Sn+1
H (X; L )
P
N
H (X; Lb .)
NNNPN
(X; )
N
n n
NN
1 + T A
N N
NN
P
n
H (X; L. )
NN
P
n
V L (X; )
N N 1 +NT N
A
Nb. N
Hn+1
'''
(X; L )
'
(F)
[][
n
' ''
S (X; ) .
[][
n
'' [ [
'[[[ '' [[
[
The -coecient visible symmetric L-group V Ln (X; ) of a simplicial
complex X is the cobordism group of 1/2-connective globally -Poincare
n-dimensional algebraic normal complexes in A (Z, X).
An n-dimensional geometric -Poincare complex X is an n-dimensional
normal complex with -Poincare duality isomorphisms
[X] : H n (X; ) H (X; ) ,
with respect to a locally epic morphism F: Z[1 (X)] of rings with
involution. The -coecient visible symmetric signature of X is defined by
(X; ) = ((X), ) V Ln (X; ) ,
working as in 16.5 to make ((X), ) 1/2-connective. The -coecient
total surgery obstruction of X is defined by
s(X; ) = (X; ) Sn (X; ) .
As in the absolute case F = 1: Z[] = Z[] (17.4):
Proposition 26.1 The -coecient total surgery obstruction of a finite
n-dimensional geometric -Poincare complex X is such that s(X; ) = 0
if (and for n 5 only if ) X is -homology equivalent to a compact n-
dimensional topological manifold.
classes of pairs
(compact n-dimensional topological manifold N n ,
-homology equivalence h: N n M n )
with base point (M, id) = 0 ST OP (M ) .
As in the absolute case (15.19, 18.2) for any simplicial complex M and
any locally epic F: Z[1 (M )] there is defined a -coecient algebraic
surgery exact sequence
A
. . . n+1 (F) Sn+1 (M ; ) Hn (M ; L. ) n (F) . . . ,
and for any n-dimensional manifold M n with n 5 there is defined a -
coecient geometric surgery exact sequence
. . . n+1 (F) ST OP (M ) [M, G/T OP ] n (F) .
As in the absolute case (18.5):
Proposition 26.2 The -coecient algebraic and geometric surgery exact
sequences of a compact n-dimensional topological manifold M n with n 5
are related by an isomorphism
... w n+1 (F) wS T OP
(M ) w [M, G/T OP ] w (F)
n
s t
u u
... wn+1 (F )
wS
n+1 (M ; ) w Hn (M ; L. ) A w (F ) .
n
Z[] 1 w Z[]
F F
u u
w
fit into an exact sequence
. . . n (F ) n (F) n () n1 (F ) . . . .
By [146, 2.4.6] (a special case of 3.9)
n () = Ln (A (Z[]), C (F), C (F ))
is the cobordism group of (n1)-dimensional quadratic complexes in A (Z[])
which are -contractible and -Poincare. The various groups are related
by a commutative braid of exact sequences
310 Algebraic L-theory and topological manifolds
N N N N
N N
NN NN
H (X; L. )
NNPN NNPN
n (F ) n () n
N N
P
N
(F )
n
P
N
S (X; ) n
N NN
NN N
n+1
''
()
[
] ''
S (X; ) n
H
[
]
(X; L. ) .
n1
'' [[ '' [ [
'[[ '[[
Proposition 26.3 The -coecient total surgery obstruction s(X; )
Sn (X; ) of a finite n-dimensional geometric -Poincare complex X has
image [s(X; )] = 0 n () if (and for n 5 only if ) X is -homology
equivalent to a finite n-dimensional geometric -Poincare complex.
Cappell and Shaneson [26] identified n+3 () for n 4 with the cobor-
dism group Cn of locally flat knots k: S n S n+2 . The following natural
(iso)morphism Cn Sn+3 (S 1 ; Z) was defined in Ranicki [146, 7.9.4]. The
complement of a knot k is the (n + 2)-dimensional manifold with boundary
(X, X) = (cl(S n+2 \U ), S n S 1 )
with U = k(S n ) D2 S n+2 a closed regular neighbourhood of k(S n ) in
26. Surgery with coefficients 311
Remark 26.6 The results of 1625 for n-dimensional manifolds and ge-
ometric Poincare complexes with n 5 also apply to the case n = 4, pro-
vided the fundamental group 1 is not too large see Freedman and Quinn
[56]. However, as explained in [56, 11.8] there is a failure of 4-dimensional
homology surgery already in the case 1 (X) = Z, which is detected by
the CassonGordon invariants of the cobordism group C1 of classical knots
k: S 1 S 3 . Thus the results of 26 do not in general apply to n = 4.
312 Algebraic L-theory and topological manifolds
Definition A5 The assembly chain map for (R, K, w)-module chain com-
plexes C, D
e R[]w D(K)
C,D : C A (R,K w ) D C(K) e
is a Z[Z2 ]-module chain map, and so induces a twisted universal assembly
chain map
C,D = 1 C,D : C (R,K,w) D = Z Z[Z2 ] (C (R,K w ) D)
e R[]w D(K)
C(K) e = Z Z[Z ] (C(K)
e R[w ] D(K)) ; (K)
e ,
2
with C (R,K,w) D short for C A (R,K,w) D. Here, the Z[Z2 ]-actions are
those induced from T : K w K w .
(f, b) Ln (Z, K, w)
b (K) N Ln (Z, K, w)
(K) L (Z[] )
n w
symmetric
with assembly the twisted quadratic signature (f, b) Ln (Z[]w )
normal b (K) N Ln (Z[]w ).
K+ w
Z2 F = { lim
j (K+
w
Z2 F nj ) | n Z }
j
{
F -cohomology
with homotopy groups the w-twisted groups of K
F -homology
H n (K, w; F ) = n (F K
Z2 ) = [K+ , F n ]Z2
+ w
Hn (K, w; F ) = n (K+
w
Z2 F ) = lim
w
n+j (K+ Z2 F j ) .
j
w
The inclusion K 2m is a Z2 -equivariant map covering the inclusion
w
K = K /Z2 RP2m = 2m /Z2 .
Definition A10 Given a simplicial complex K with a double cover K w
K and a Z2 -equivariant embedding K w 2m+1 let
H . (K, w; F ) = { H n (K, w; F ) | n Z }
be the -spectrum defined by
w
(2m ,J )
H n (K, w; F ) = lim
(F n2m , )Z2 ,
J
with the direct limit taken over the finite subcomplexes J K and using the
canonical Z2 -equivariant embedding J w 2m+1 , with homotopy groups
n (H . (K, w; F )) = lim
H 2mn (RP2m , J, w; F ) (n Z) .
J
such that
{
i x(i ) if i K w
(i) i x() = (0 i 2m ||)
if i
/ Kw
(ii) x(T ) = T x() ,
with i : F (D(i , K), w )F (D(, K), w ) induced by the inclusion
D(i , K) D(, K).
Definition A14 The local w-twisted {F }-coecient assembly is the map
of -spectra
A : H . (K, w; {F }) F (K , w )
given by the composite
A
A : H . (K, w; {F }) H . (K, w; F (K , w )) F (K , w )
of the forgetful map H . (K, w; {F })H . (K, w; F (K , w )) induced by all
the inclusions D(, K) K ( K) and the w-twisted assembly of A12
A : H . (K, w; F (K , w )) F (K , w ) .
is a Z2 -equivariant map
A(x) : M n = M () |K w | = |(K w ) |
K w
from a closed smooth oriented n-manifold with an orientation-reversing free
involution, such that
A(x)1 D(, K w ) = M () ( K w ) .
In the untwisted case of the trivial double cover
K w = K K , SO SO
. (K, w) = . (K)
the spectrum is the oriented smooth bordism -spectrum of 12.21.
(iii) The twisted algebraic surgery exact sequence is the exact sequence of
homotopy groups
A
. . . Hn (K, w; L. (R)) Ln (R[1 (K)]w )
Sn (R, K, w) Hn1 (K, w; L. (R)) . . .
induced by the fibration sequence of spectra
H . (K, w; L. (R)) L. (R[1 (K)]w ) S. (R, K, w) .
n
= C(0 . . . i) D(i . . . n) .
i=0
There is one piece of the product for each cell in |n |.
Appendix B. Assembly via products 323
B4. For any rings with involution R, S use the chain complex n-ad product
of B3 to define spectrum-level products
: Li (R) Lj (S) Li+j (R S) ,
: Li (R) Lj (S) Li+j (R S)
inducing the products of Ranicki [144, 8] on the level of homotopy groups
: Li (R) Lj (S) Li+j (R S) ,
: Li (R) Lj (S) Li+j (R S) .
(These products can also be defined using bisimplicial sets.) In particular,
L0 (Z) is a ring spectrum, and L0 (Z) is an L0 (Z)-module spectrum. For
commutative rings R, S with the identity involution and a subcomplex
K m+1 the n-ad products can also be used to define spectrum-level
products
: Li (R K) Lj (S) Li+j ((R S) K) ,
: Li (R, K) Lj (S) Li+j (R S, K) .
B5. For any subcomplex K m+1 define the framed (smooth or topo-
logical) framed -spectrum
(m ,K)
f. r (K) = { f. r (K)i = f. r ({})im | i Z }
by analogy with
L.(Z K) = { Li (Z K) = Lim (Z)( ,K) | i Z } .
m
H i (K, L. (Z)) =
lim
j Lij (Z K) = Li (Z K) .
j
f. r (K)i Lj (Z)
wL
i+j (Z K)
u u
=
L (Z K) Lj (Z)
i
wL
i+j (Z K)
u uA
Li (Z, K) Lj (Z)
wL i+j (Z, K)
u u
Li (Z[1 (K)]) Lj (Z)
wL
i+j (Z[1 (K)]) .
H i (K, L. (Z)) =
lim
j Lij (Z K) = Li (Z K) .
j
e n ), (
(n K) (C( e n ))
NN N N
NNN NN
Hb (ZNPN; Ke (Z[]))
i
H (X; L. ) n
NNNPN
n L n (Z[]) 2 i
A NN
''
1i i
S
P
N
L (Z[]) (X)
]
[ N
n n
[ [ NN ')
b n+1
44
e (Z[]))
44
1i
H (Z ; K S (X) H (X; L. )
44 hhhj 44 hhhj
2 i n n1
h h
330 Algebraic L-theory and topological manifolds
Assume that the diameters of the simplices of K are uniformly bounded, i.e.
there exists a number b 0 such that d(x, y) b if x, y || for any simplex
K . Regard the polyhedron of K (also denoted by K) as a metric space
using a proper embedding K RN for a suciently large N 0, so that the
K-bounded additive category with involution C K (A) is defined as above.
Let Ke be a regular covering of K with group of covering translations .
Define an assembly functor by forgetting all but the bounded aspects of the
simplicial structure and passing to the cover
A : Alf
(K) C K (A []) ; M M c,
sending an object M in Alf c
(K) to the object M in C K (A []) defined by
{
c(x) = b is the barycentre of K
M ()[] if x =
M
0 otherwise .
Working as in 6.1 the chain duality on Alf
(K) is related to the involution
on C K (A) by a natural chain equivalence in C K (A)
c
T : Td
M (M ) .
Appendix C. Assembly via bounded topology 333
trf trf
u u
e L. (A))
Hnlf (J; A w L (C e(A)) .
n J
[
lf
N
n
P
N
H (K; L. )
P
N
N
bP
(K)
n
NN NN
A
44 44
lf
Hn+1 N
(K; . ) L (C (Z[])) S (K) b
j
h j
h
n X n
44 hh 44 hh
h h
generalizing 19.6 (= the special case when X is compact). Define the 1/2-
connective X-bounded visible symmetric L-groups V Lb (K) to be the cobor-
dism groups of visible symmetric Poincare complexes (C, ) in A (Z)lf
(K)
which are globally 0-connective and locally 1-Poincare at , by analogy
with the 1/2-connective visible symmetric L-groups V L (K) of 15. As in
15.18 (i) there is defined a commutative braid of exact sequences
N N N N
NN N N
Sbn+1
(K) lf
'
H (K; L.) H (K; Lb .)
lf
[
lf
]
[
n ''
H (K; L. )
NP
N
n
V L (K)
b
[b[. ') NN
A
44 4
lf
Hn+1 (K; L ) L (C (Z[])) S (K) .
b
44 hhhj 44 hj
n X n
4hh h
h
The 1/2-connective X-bounded visible symmetric signature of an n-dimen-
sional X-bounded geometric Poincare complex K is
(K) = (C(K), [K]) V Lnb (K) .
The X-bounded total surgery obstruction of K
sb (K) = (K) Sbn (K)
Appendix C. Assembly via bounded topology 335
sb t
u u
... wLn+1 (CX (Z[])) w Sbn+1 (K) w Hnlf (K; L. ) w L (C
n X (Z[]))
with
sb : Sb (K) Sbn+1 (K) ; (f : JK) sb (f ) = sb (W, J K)
given by the X-bounded rel total surgery obstruction of the mapping
cylinder W = J If K of the X-bounded homotopy equivalence f : JK,
and
t = [K] : [K, G/T OP ] = H 0 (K; L. ) Hnlf (K; L. )
the Poincare duality isomorphism defined by cap product with the locally
finite L.-coecient orientation [K] Hnlf (K; L.) (L. = L.0(Z)) .
C7. Let PX (A) denote the idempotent completion of C X (A), the additive
category in which an object is a pair
( M = object of C X (A) , p = p2 : M M )
and a morphism f : (M, p)(N, q) is a morphism f : M N in C X (A)
such that
qf p = f : M N .
The algebraic K-theoretic methods of Pedersen and Weibel [127], Carlsson
[32] and Ranicki [149] give an exact sequence for the algebraic K-groups of
CX1 X2 (A)
. . . lim
K1 (CNb (X1 ,X2 ) (A)) K1 (CX1 (A)) K1 (CX2 (A))
b
K1 (CX1 X2 (A)) lim
K0 (PNb (X1 ,X2 ) (A)) . . .
b
with
Nb (X1 , X2 ) = {x X1 X2 | d(x, yi ) b for some yi Xi , i = 1, 2} .
An involution : AA ; AA is extended to an involution of PX (A)
by
: PX (A) PX (A) ; (M, p) (M, p) = (M , p ) .
336 Algebraic L-theory and topological manifolds
The quadratic L-groups of C X (A) and PX (A) are related by an exact se-
quence
b n (Z2 ; K
. . . Ln (C X (A)) Ln (PX (A)) H e 0 (PX (A)))
Ln1 (C X (A)) . . .
involving the Tate Z2 -cohomology groups of the duality involution on the
reduced projective class group
e 0 (PX (A)) = coker(K0 (C X (A))K0 (PX (A))) .
K
The quadratic L-groups of CX1 X2 (A) fit into the MayerVietoris exact
sequence of [149, 14.4]
. . . lim
Ln (CNb (X1 ,X2 ) (A)) Ln (CX1 (A)) Ln (CX2 (A))
b
LYn (CX1 X2 (A)) lim
Ln1 (CNb (X1 ,X2 ) (A)) . . .
b
with
Y = im(K1 (CX1 (A)) K1 (CX2 (A))K1 (CX1 X2 (A))) .
Similarly for the symmetric L-groups L .
C8. Let X be a metric space with a K-dissection (4.14)
X = X[]
K
for a finite simplicial complex K with fundamental group = 1 (K) . Work-
ing as in 13.7 the generalized homology group Hn (K; {L. (CX[] (A))}) can
be identified with the cobordism group of n-dimensional quadratic Poincare
cycles
(C, ) = {(C(), ()) | K}
such that (C(), ()) is defined in CX[] (A), and there is defined an as-
sembly map for any regular covering p : K e K with group of covering
translations
A : Hn (K; {L. (CX[] (A))}) Ln (C X (A [])) ;
e (K))
(C, ) (C(K), e = (C(p), (p)) .
e
K
For any bound b 0 and any n-simplex = (v0 v1 . . . vn ) K let
Nb (X[]) = {x X | d(x, yi ) b for some yi X[vi ] , 1 i n} .
The algebraic transversality of [149, 14] shows that every n-dimensional
quadratic complex in C X (A) is homotopy equivalent to the assembly
A(C, ) = (C(K), (K))
of an n-dimensional quadratic cycle (C, ) (although not necessarily one
which is Poincare) such that (C(), ()) is defined in CNb (X[]) (A) for
Appendix C. Assembly via bounded topology 337
... wH lf
n+i (K w
Ri ; L. ) A Ln+i (C Ri (Z[])) wS b
n+i (K Ri ) w ...
u u u
... w H (K; L.)
n
A w L1i
n (Z[]) w S1i
n (K) w ...
with = 1 (K) . If K is an n-dimensional geometric Poincare complex
Appendix C. Assembly via bounded topology 339
then for any i 1 the lower total surgery obstruction (C1) to K T i being
homotopy equivalent to a compact (n + i)-dimensional manifold coincides
with the Ri -bounded total surgery obstruction (C6) to K Ri being Ri -
bounded homotopy equivalent to an Ri -bounded open (n + i)-dimensional
manifold
s1i (K) = sb (K Ri ) Sn1i (K) = Sbn+i (K Ri ) .
A homotopy equivalence f : M K T i from a compact (n+i)-dimensional
manifold M lifts to a Zi -equivariant Ri -bounded homotopy equivalence
f: M K Ri . Conversely, if n + i 5 an Ri -bounded homotopy equiva-
lence g: LK Ri from an Ri -bounded open (n+i)-dimensional manifold
L can be wrapped up to a Zi -equivariant lift f: L = M K Ri of a
homotopy equivalence f : M K T i from a compact (n + i)-dimensional
manifold M . See Hughes and Ranicki [79] for an algebraic treatment of
wrapping up.
The Ri -bounded geometric Poincare complex bordism groups bP
(K R )
i
lf
Hn+i (K Ri ; N
. ) Ln+i1 (C Ri (Z[])) . . .
with
Ln+i (C Ri (Z[])) = Ln1i (Z[]) , Hn+i
lf
(K Ri ; N N
. ) = Hn (K; . ) .
In particular, for i = 1 the R-bounded geometric Poincare complex bordism
+1 (K R) coincide with the finitely dominated geometric Poincare
groups bP
complex bordism groups p (K) of Pedersen and Ranicki [126]
n+1 (K R) = n (K) ,
bP p
C13. Pedersen and Weibel [127] identify the algebraic K-theory of PO(K) (A)
for a compact polyhedron K S N with the reduced generalized homology
groups of K with coecients in the algebraic K-theory spectrum K(P0 (A))
of the idempotent completion P0 (A)
K (PO(K) (A)) = H1 (K; K(P0 (A))) .
The MayerVietoris exact sequences of Ranicki [149, 14] show that the
assembly maps in the ultimate lower quadratic L-groups are isomorphisms
A : Hlf (O(K); L
. (A)) = H1 (K; L
. (A)) L (CO(K) (A)) .
The simply connected assembly maps are isomorphisms
A : Hlf (O(K); L. (Z)) = H1 (K; L. (Z))
L
(CO(K) (Z)) = L (CO(K) (Z))
since Ki (Z) = 0 for i 1 .
C14. For any pair of metric spaces (X, Y X) and any additive category
A let CX,Y (A) be the additive category with the objects M of C X (A) and
morphisms [f ]: M N the equivalence classes of morphisms f : M N
in C X (A) which agree more than a bounded distance away from Y . A
morphism in CX,Y (A) is thus a germ of morphisms in CX (A) which agree
far away from CY (A), by analogy with the germs at Y of functions defined
on X. The germ category CX,Y (A) was introduced by Munkholm in the
special case (X, Y ) = (Rk , {0}) (Anderson and Munkholm [3, VII.3]). See
Ferry, Hambleton and Pedersen [52] for a survey of the applications of the
germ categories. The X-bounded topology away from Y is measured by
the algebraic K- and L-groups of CX,Y (A). See Ranicki [149, 4.1, 14.2] for
Appendix C. Assembly via bounded topology 341
N N N N
NN N N
(O(K ); L.) b .)
lf lf
Sbn+2 (O(K ))+
H +
H (O(K ); L +
NN N P
N n+1
NNNPN
A
n+1
''
lf
H (O(K ); L. )
+
VL n+1
(O(K )) +
NP
N n+1
[[ ]
[ b
'
)
NNb.
A
44 4
lf
Hn+2 (O(K ); L )
+
L (C (Z)) S b
(O(K )) +
44 hhhj 44 jh
n+1 O(K + ) n+1
4hh h
h
342 Algebraic L-theory and topological manifolds
can be written as
N N N N
NN N N
0
H (K; L.)
P
N
b .)
H (K; L
NNNPN
Hn+1 (K; L (Z))
N
0 n n
NN
.
NPN NNPN
H (K; L. ) n H (K; L ) n
N
Nb. N
Hn+1
44
(K; L )
4
H (K; L. ) H (K; L (Z))
44 hhhj 44 hj
n n 0
4hh h
h
N N N N
NN N N
H NPN(O(K ); . ) H NPN(O(K ); . )
lf lf
Sbn+2 (O(K ))+
n+1
+ P
n+1
+ N
NN A
NN
lf
H (O(K ); L. ) +
(O(K )) bP +
NP
N
n+1
NN
P n+1
NN NN
A
44 4
lf
Hn+2 +
(O(K ); . ) LN
(C (Z)) S (O(K )) b +
44 hhhj 44 hj
n+1 O(K + ) n+1
4hh h
h
can be written as
Appendix C. Assembly via bounded topology 343
N N N N
NN N N
0
Hn+1
'''
(K; L (Z))
P
H (K; . )
NNPN
H (K; . ) N
') [[[[]
0 n n
N
P
NN
n
H (K; L. )
P P
N
H (K; . )
N
n
NN NN
Hn+1
44
(K; . )N
4
H (K; L. ) H (K; L (Z))
44 hhhj 44 hj
n n 0
4hh h
h
P
with . = K. (L0 (Z), 0) P +
. . The O(K )-bounded visible symmetric
signature of an O(K + )-bounded (n + 1)-dimensional geometric Poincare
complex X is a cobordism class
(X) = (C(X), [X])
V Ln+1 (O(K + )) = H (K; L.) = H (K; L (Z)) H (K; L.)
b n n 0 n
+
with components the O(K )-bounded total surgery obstruction
sb (X) = (X) Sbn+1 (O(K + )) = Hn (K; L0 (Z))
and the O(K + )-bounded symmetric signature
(X) = (C(X), [X]) Ln+1 (CO(K + ) (Z)) = Hn (K; L.) .
The O(K + )-bounded total surgery obstruction can be expressed as the dif-
ference of local and global codimension n signatures at , by analogy with
the expression in 24.20 of the total surgery obstruction s(B) Sn (B) =
Hn (B; L0 (Z)) of the classifying space B of an n-dimensional Novikov
group as the dierence of local and global codimension n signatures.
C15. A compact n-dimensional AN R homology manifold X is an X-
controlled Poincare complex (Quinn [135]), and X R has the O(X + )-
bounded homotopy type of an (n+1)-dimensional O(X + )-bounded Poincare
complex via the projection map
{
tx if t 0
X R O(X + ) = O(X) (, 0] ; (x, t)
t if t < 0
+
(Ferry and Pedersen [53]). The O(X )-bounded total surgery obstruction
sb (X R) Sbn+1 (O(X + )) is identified in [53] with the resolution obstruc-
tion i(X) L0 (Z) of Quinn [136]
sb (X R) = i(X) Sbn+1 (O(X + )) = Hn (X; L0 (Z)) = L0 (Z) .
344 Algebraic L-theory and topological manifolds
homeomorphism
e = H : V = W N Rm ,
and
(V ) = (N T m )
= (signature(N ), 0) = (signature(N ), 0)
( m ( ) )
m 4k+i
L 4k+m
(Z[Z ]) = L (Z)
m 4k
L (Z) .
i=1
i
The evaluation of L(M ) H 4 (M ; Q) on x = (h1 ) (x) H4k (M ; Q) is
thus given by
Lk (M ), x = signature(N ) = signature(N )
= Lk (M ), x = h Lk (M ), x Z ,
and
L(M ) = h L(M ) H 4 (M ; Q) .
See Sullivan and Teleman [171] and Weinberger [184] for analytic proofs
of the topological invariance of the rational Pontrjagin classes p (M )
H 4 (M ; Q) of a compact oriented topological manifold M . The most sys-
tematic way of obtaining the topological invariance of the L.-orientation
[M ]L Hn (M ; L.) is to follow up the proposal in the Introduction of devel-
oping the sheaf-theoretic versions of the methods of this text, allowing the
construction of [M ]L directly from the local homology sheaf.
348 Algebraic L-theory and topological manifolds
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