Aguirre 1

Aguirre, Juvy Lyn

ESL 33B
Dr. Carlisi
28 November 2017

Thesis Statement
Racial discrimination against African-American minority group in the justice system is chronic

and several negative effect a racial discrimination could inflict on their lives.

Detailed Outline
I. Introduction

A. Background how the justice system in the United States unfair treatment

against African-Americans.

1. When did unfair treatment against African-American started.

a. After the emancipation was proclaimed, and black people were

free from their owners, however; society did not accept them as

equal.

b. Chief Justice Roger Tawney announced that black will never be

acknowledge an equal protection under the law or civil rights,

because they were genetically inferior to whites and always will be

(Manning Marable).

2. Negative treatment which African-American had experience on the past

and still experiencing unfair treatment in the present.

a. In the past, African-American was treated unfairly because they

came from a background of slaves.

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b. African-American continue to face discrimination against them

such as an unfair treatment with disrespect, bullied and treated as

inferior (Chae).

B. Thesis: Racial discrimination against an African-American minority group is

chronic and several effects it could inflict in their lives.

II. Controversy and Boundary on the justice system in the United States

A. Racial profiling against a minority group (black people).

1. Police and authorities have easily suspected someone without

any concrete evidence.

a. For instance, in the Oneonta, New York because someone

reported a housebreaker, all of the African-American who

live in that area had stopped and interrogated without any

solid evidence (Bill Quigley).

b. Another example of this is, Bell a sixteen years old student

was convicted of Aggravated battery because of a

dangerous weapon (tennis shoes) that he wore on the day

of the incident. (Quigley).

2. Negatively stereotype someone because of their race.

a. Among the different races in America, black people are

most often pulled over, get doubt and interrogate by police

officer.

b. Police officer and Judge have unconsciously prejudice

someone because of their skin color, race and background.

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B. Unfairness on the justice system in the United States.

1. Racial discrimination is very common in the justice system in the

United States (Bill Quigley).

2. Most often whites are the least suspected when there is a crime

between different races in the United States.

a. For example, A young adult white man have taken out his

gun in a dispute against a young black men, but he did not

face any complaint (Quigley).

b. Another example is when White people favored their

people against black instead of punishing those who did

something wrong (Quigley).

3. Blacks are most often suspected when there something awful

happened compared to other races in America.

a. When the black men took the gun away from a white man

they were arrested (Quigley).

b. A man had been imprison for almost fifty years for the

crime he did not commit because of a weak evidence

(Stacey Plaisance).

III. The impact of racism and racial discrimination has a negative effect on the unfairness

treatment towards the black minority group in the United States.

A. Negative impact of racial discrimination on the academic and health in the

community.
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1. Academic problem is one of the effects of racial discrimination against

adolescence.

a. Student have been bullied while in school, so they tend to drop out

of school.

b. Because student did not finish studying, they will not achieve

higher education.

2. Health problem is also one of the issues black people have been facing

because of racial discrimination.

a. Adolescence who experiences this type of issue has lower

self-esteem, feel inferior towards themselves (Chae).

b. Psychological problems is also an issue of someone facing

a racial discrimination (Bynum).

c. Feeling stress, depress and anxiety because of the racism

they have been experiencing (Chae).

3. Lower status on the society is also one of the main issues that the

African-American have been encountering.

a. For instance, socio-economic status where a persons

standing position in the society based on his income

(Hochschild).

b. Because of this their dignity or reputation has been lessen

(Hochschild).

IV. Solution to avoid racism towards other races that people should do.
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A. Learn how to accept other people by not looking at the barrier that prevents

them from getting to know others.

1. People should avoid judging someone by their background and

their physical appearance.

a. Stereotyping on other race will add misconception and it

might affect how others treat people, therefore; people need

to accept other race to avoid stereotyping them.

b. Judging someone base on their looks makes someone think

they are superior compare to others, therefore; people

should stop thinking that they are superior against other

race.

2. People should support others, whether they came from different

country, have different religion and beliefs.

V. Conclusion.

Racial discrimination in the United Sates might not stop because people see

themselves as different to others by the color of their skin, the texture of their hair,

how thick or thin their skin is, and the different status of other races they see and have

talk to. People should think about the negative impact of discriminating someone

because of their race. Just because someone looks different from oneself does not

means he or she is different from you. No matter what country one came from, what

color skin they have, we are all the same, we breathe, sleep, and live temporarily in

this world. Therefore, people should ignore the races that separate us all and think

about how to live in this world without hurting someone by respecting them and try to
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step in to their shoes. Racial discrimination is chronic so we should end it, so the

future generation will be free from hate, racism, and other racist barrier that separates

us all.

Works Cited
Chae, David H., et al. "Discrimination, Attribution, and Racial Group Identification: Implications

for Psychological Distress among Black Americans in the National Survey of American

Life (2001-2003)." American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, vol. 81, no. 4, Oct. 2011, pp.

498-506. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1111/j.1939-0025.2011.01122.x.

https://login.ezp.pasadena.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=tr

ue&db=aph&AN=66324613&site=ehost-live. Accessed 15 Nov. 2017.

Bynum, Mia Smith, et al. "Racism Experiences and Psychological Functioning in African

American College Freshmen: Is Racial Socialization a Buffer? Cultural Diversity &

Ethnic Minority Psychology, vol. 13, no. 1, Jan. 2007, pp. 64-71. EBSCOhost,

doi:10.1037/1099-9809.13.1.64.

https://login.ezp.pasadena.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=tr

ue&db=aph&AN=23794887&site=ehost-live. Accessed 15 Nov. 2017.

Hochschild, Jennifer L. and Vesla Weaver. "The Skin Color Paradox and the American Racial

Order." Social Forces, vol. 86, no. 2, Dec. 2007, pp. 643-670. EBSCOhost,

login.ezp.pasadena.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db

=aph&AN=28056482&site=ehost-live. Accessed 6 Nov. 2017.

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Marable, Manning. "Injustice along the Color Line." Black Issues in Higher Education, vol. 16,

no. 26, 17 Feb. 2000, p. 38. EBSCOhost,

login.ezp.pasadena.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db

=aph&AN=2893132&site=ehost-live. Accessed 6 Nov. 2017.

Plaisance, Stacey. Man Wrongfully Convicted as Teen Free After Nearly 50 Years. Time, 15

Nov. 2017, time.com/5026348/wilbert-jones-released-baton-rouge/. Accessed 15 Nov.

2017.

Quigley, Bill. "Racial Discrimination and the Legal System." UN Chronicle, vol. 44, no. 3, Sept.

2007, pp. 56-57. EBSCOhost,

login.ezp.pasadena.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db

=aph&AN=28140007&site=ehost-live. Accessed 6 Nov. 2017.

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Introduction

Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent and

impartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights and obligations and of any criminal charge

against him (Article 10 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights). This quotation is very

powerful, however; the real meaning of this do not practice very much in the justice system in

the United States. Here in the United States, people came from different background, different

group such as Asian, Hispanic, European, African-American, Native-American, and White-

American. People also have different perspective towards different topic. There are things in this

world that arguable and debatable, however; people should not construct a terrible mistakes by

discriminating other races because of their differences on physical appearance and background.

Racial discrimination is one of the issues that people in the United States have been

experiencing. No matter where someone came from, he or she have had or will experience racial

discrimination against them. Furthermore, in 1857 Dred Scott decision where the Supreme Court

Chief Justice Tawney declined an appeal for freedom from enslaved against African-

American, where he announced that Blacks could never be granted an equal protection under

the law of civil rights, because they were inherently inferior to Whites, and forever would be

(Marable). For instance, African-American are among the race in the United States who are the

typical victim of racial discrimination because of their historical background were they came

from slavery and freed. Racial discrimination against African-American minority group in the

justice system is a chronic and several negative effects a racial discrimination could inflict on

their lives.
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Body Paragraph II. A.1.

One of the controversy and boundary on the justice system in the United States is the

racial profiling against Africa-American. One of the example of racial profiling is that police

officers would suspect someone because of their race, color, and religion. Police officers often

times pulled-over African-American, suspected them of doing something illegal without any

concrete evidence. Based on the data given below, in the Ferguson Missouri the police officers

use force against blacks have bigger percentage compared to other races.

https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/7-clear-ways-ferguson-police-violated-the-constitution-

according-to-the-justice-department
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