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Seismic Forces
RHU-CIVE519
Dr. Zaher Abou Saleh
Seismic Loads.
Seismic loads are a combination of some formulas and factors that help you find
each floor contribution to the reduction of the seismic load.
Seismic loads make structures sway back and forth like and inverted pendulum.
Seismic loads subject the structures to lateral forces that are proportional to their
weights.
Formulas Used (UBC):
V = (ZIC/Rw)W
C =1.25 S/T2/3
T = Cth3/4
Ft = 0.07TV
F lo o r L e v e ls W x = W i (k ip s ) h i= h x ( ft) W ih i V ( k ip s ) Fx
1 4 1 5 .9 6 9 .8 4 3356298 2 3 7 0 .9 5 2 .5 3
2 4 1 5 .9 6 1 9 .6 8 3356298 2 3 7 0 .9 5 5 .0 7
3 4 1 5 .9 6 2 9 .5 2 3356298 2 3 7 0 .9 5 7 .6 0
4 4 1 5 .9 6 3 9 .3 6 3356298 2 3 7 0 .9 5 1 0 .1 3
5 4 1 5 .9 6 4 9 .2 3356298 2 3 7 0 .9 5 1 2 .6 7
6 4 1 5 .9 6 5 9 .0 4 3356298 2 3 7 0 .9 5 1 5 .2 0
7 4 1 5 .9 6 6 8 .8 8 3356298 2 3 7 0 .9 5 1 7 .7 4
8 4 1 5 .9 6 7 8 .7 2 3356298 2 3 7 0 .9 5 2 0 .2 7
Data: 9 4 1 5 .9 6 8 8 .5 6 3356298 2 3 7 0 .9 5 2 2 .8 0
10 4 1 5 .9 6 9 8 .4 3356298 2 3 7 0 .9 5 2 5 .3 4
W = 16635.84 Kips 11 4 1 5 .9 6 1 0 8 .2 4 3356298 2 3 7 0 .9 5 2 7 .8 7
12 4 1 5 .9 6 1 1 8 .0 8 3356298 2 3 7 0 .9 5 3 0 .4 0
# of Floors = 40 Story Building 13 4 1 5 .9 6 1 2 7 .9 2 3356298 2 3 7 0 .9 5 3 2 .9 4
14 4 1 5 .9 6 1 3 7 .7 6 3356298 2 3 7 0 .9 5 3 5 .4 7
Soil Type = S3 = 1.5 15 4 1 5 .9 6 1 4 7 .6 3356298 2 3 7 0 .9 5 3 8 .0 1
Rw = 4.5 From Table 16-N 16 4 1 5 .9 6 1 5 7 .4 4 3356298 2 3 7 0 .9 5 4 0 .5 4
(UBC-97) 17 4 1 5 .9 6 1 6 7 .2 8 3356298 2 3 7 0 .9 5 4 3 .0 7
18 4 1 5 .9 6 1 7 7 .1 2 3356298 2 3 7 0 .9 5 4 5 .6 1
Z = 0.40 19 4 1 5 .9 6 1 8 6 .9 6 3356298 2 3 7 0 .9 5 4 8 .1 4
20 4 1 5 .9 6 1 9 6 .8 3356298 2 3 7 0 .9 5 5 0 .6 7
Ct = 0.020 21 4 1 5 .9 6 2 0 6 .6 4 3356298 2 3 7 0 .9 5 5 3 .2 1
22 4 1 5 .9 6 2 1 6 .4 8 3356298 2 3 7 0 .9 5 5 5 .7 4
I = 1.25 23 4 1 5 .9 6 2 2 6 .3 2 3356298 2 3 7 0 .9 5 5 8 .2 7
24 4 1 5 .9 6 2 3 6 .1 6 3356298 2 3 7 0 .9 5 6 0 .8 1
25 4 1 5 .9 6 246 3356298 2 3 7 0 .9 5 6 3 .3 4
26 4 1 5 .9 6 2 5 5 .8 4 3356298 2 3 7 0 .9 5 6 5 .8 8
27 4 1 5 .9 6 2 6 5 .6 8 3356298 2 3 7 0 .9 5 6 8 .4 1
28 4 1 5 .9 6 2 7 5 .5 2 3356298 2 3 7 0 .9 5 7 0 .9 4
From Formulas : T (sec) = 1.77 29 4 1 5 .9 6 2 8 5 .3 6 3356298 2 3 7 0 .9 5 7 3 .4 8
30 4 1 5 .9 6 2 9 5 .2 3356298 2 3 7 0 .9 5 7 6 .0 1
C = 1.28 31 4 1 5 .9 6 3 0 5 .0 4 3356298 2 3 7 0 .9 5 7 8 .5 4
32 4 1 5 .9 6 3 1 4 .8 8 3356298 2 3 7 0 .9 5 8 1 .0 8
W(kips) = 415.9 33 4 1 5 .9 6 3 2 4 .7 2 3356298 2 3 7 0 .9 5 8 3 .6 1
3313.6 6 34 4 1 5 .9 6 3 3 4 .5 6 3356298 2 3 7 0 .9 5 8 6 .1 5
35 4 1 5 .9 6 3 4 4 .4 3356298 2 3 7 0 .9 5 8 8 .6 8
2370. 36 4 1 5 .9 6 3 5 4 .2 4 3356298 2 3 7 0 .9 5 9 1 .2 1
9 37 4 1 5 .9 6 3 6 4 .0 8 3356298 2 3 7 0 .9 5 9 3 .7 5
V (kips) = 5 38 4 1 5 .9 6 3 7 3 .9 2 3356298 2 3 7 0 .9 5 9 6 .2 8
39 4 1 5 .9 6 3 8 3 .7 6 3356298 2 3 7 0 .9 5 9 8 .8 1
293.3 40 4 1 5 .9 6 3 9 3 .6 3356298 2 3 7 0 .9 5 1 0 1 .3 5
Ft(kips) = 2 ? h i= 8 0 6 8 .8 F t(k ip s )= 2 9 3 .3 2
2 3 7 0 .9 5
The Nature of Earthquake Motions upon a Building.
The figure below shows the effect of the distortions of the ground upon a building.
The foundations of the building move with the ground displacements. However, the
inertia of the mass of the building resists this displacement and causes it to distort.
This distortion wave moves upward along the entire height of the building. As the
shaking of the ground continues, the same shaking of the foundations lead the
building to undergo a complex series of oscillations.
Wind and seismic forces are different. Wind forces are applied to the exposed surfaces
of the building, whereas seismic forces are inertial (body forces), which result from the
distortion of the ground and the inertial resistance of the building. Therefore, they are
a function of mass rather than of the surfaces, such as wind forces.
The earthquake ground motion quantity most commonly used in analytical studies is
the time-wise variation of the ground acceleration in the immediate vicinity of the
building. This acceleration is usually described by two horizontal components. There
are also a vertical component and a rocking and a twisting component, although these
latter three are usually negligible compared to the two horizontal because buildings are
primarily susceptible to lateral distortions. The two horizontal components of the
ground accelerations are assumed to act non-concurrently in the direction of each
principal plan axis of the building.
In 1994, three model code organizations met to become a single body, the International
Code Council (ICC) with the purpose of issuing a unified building code to be called the
IBC (the International Building Code). These organizations were BOCA (Building
Officials and Code Administrators intl.), ICBO (Intl. Conference of Building Officials)
and SBCCI (Southern Building Code Congress International).
By 1999, their resulting code was called the 2000 IBC, which specified the design
requirements for the various types of loads and design load combinations for steel and
reinforced concrete buildings and structures. Within the 2000 IBC, the ASCE 7-98 is
followed for all non-seismic forces, whereas seismic design follows the 1997 NEHRP
Provisions with some elements of the 1997 Uniform Building Code (UBC).
Steel Seismic Codes.
1. UBC
2. SEAOC
3. AISC (LRFD)
4. NEHRP
Analysis Procedure.
Modal Analysis;
Configurations.
Single Chevron
Stiffeners.
Link Selection.
Braced Unbraced
Connections.
Stresses and Deformations.