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Project Report
On

AUTOMATIC WATER LEVEL CONTROLLER

Submitted in the partial fulfilment of the requirements of the Degree of


Bachelor of Technology in Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering

PRODUCT LAB INCHARGE: SUBMITTED BY:


DR. ASHISH KUMAR JAIN PRAKHAR AGARWAL (14EI35)
PRAPHULL KUMAR (14EI38)
UPENDRA KUMAR (14EI56)
YASH KUMAR (14EI60)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING, F.E.T.


MJP ROHILKHAND UNIVERSITY
Bareilly-243006 (U.P)
Session: 2017-18

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LIST OF CONTENTS

CONTENTS PAGE NO.

INTRODUCTION 1
COMPONENTS REQUIRED 1
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 3
PCB LAYOUT 3
WORKING PRINCIPLE 4
ADANTAGES 4
APLLICATIONS 5

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OBJECTIVE: To design simple water level controller.

INTRODUCTION
Of all the water in the world, only 3% is fresh and 1/3rd of 1% of this fresh water is available for
human use. The rest is beyond our reach. Therefore we must not let waste the water we use for
domestic purpose. This project is designed to help us in that process while saving the water in a
tank. According to the water level we have different indicators to let us know the exact level of
the water in the tank and when the tank is about to be full the connected relay automatically
switches the supply pump off. This is simple automatic water level controller circuit. It will
make you more comfortable because it enables open close water pump automatically. When
full of water, was ordered off the water. But when levels gradually reduced to the required, then
turned on fully the water. So we do not have to worry about overflow and water out anymore.

COMPONENTS REQUIRED

S.NO COMPONENTS QUANTITY


1. 2SC1815 OR 2SC1740 NPN 3
TRANSISTORS
2. CS9012 PNP TRANSISTOR 1
3. 1N4148 200V 75V 150mA DIODES 2
4. LED 1
5. RESISTORS 5K 2
6. RESISTORS 10K 3
7. RESISTOR 1.5K 1
8. RESISTOR 1K 1
9. RESISTOR 2K 1
10. RESISTOR 3K 1
11. C1 2.2uF 25V ELECTROLYTIC 1
CAPACITOR
12. 6V-3A RELAY 1
13. STEP DOWN TRANSFORMER 1
220V/6V
14. 6V DC MOTOR 1

1
15. DIODES IN4001 4
16. CAPACITORS 1

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Fig.1. SIMPLE AUTOMATIC WATER LEVEL CONTROLLER CIRCUIT

PCB LAYOUT

Fig. 2 PCB LAYOUT

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THE WORKING PRINCIPLE

As Fig.1 show working of circuit. In begin states when without water on a bucket. Both
transistor Q1 and Q2 will not works. Because the base of both transistors not triggered from the
common point. Which still connect positive voltage through R1. And this result to both
transistors no conduction. So current through R5 and D1 to trigger base of Q3, cause Q3
conducts current cause the transistor Q4 also works. When Q4 conducts current, LED1 will get a
direct bias so glow, and relay-RY1 will pull in to contact continuously a water pump with the
AC-line 220 volts until water to low level (L) cause it as conductor of electricity to base of Q1
get bias and conduct current at collector so have voltage like ground. But Q3 and Q4 exist
voltage at collector so there are voltage same the positive supply, the current will flow through
D1 to trigger base of transistor-Q3, so begin cycle working new again.

ADVANTAGES

1. Saves Power
Using a water level controller saves power. This is because water levels are controlled
automatically, which limits the amount of electricity used. As a result, less water and power are
used to regulate a water supply. In an age where energy conservation is of utmost importance,
using one of these devices is very beneficial.
2. Saves Money
Since a water level controller conserves power, it saves money, as well. Basically, water
regulation is optimized through these devices, which means that wasted electricity and wasted
water is kept at a minimum. That saves a substantial amount of money over time.
3. Works Automatically
Another big advantage is that these devices can work on their own. Thanks to timer switches,
there is no need to operate them manually. This means that the frustrations involved with
monitoring something like a water tank is minimized, and the water levels will be where they
should be.

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4. Maximizes Water
Additionally, water usage can be maximized with a water level controller. Often, water pumps
get more use during the middle of the day. A water level controller is helpful because it
automatically provides more water during the middle of the day and less water at night. As a
result, water remains at its appropriate level at all times.

APPLICATIONS
Useful for paper industry, tannery.
It can be used in dam, flood & drought affected areas.
In hydroelectric power systems, automatic water level controller may be very useful.
Hospitals.
Factories.
Hotels and restaurants.
Multi-storied apartments.

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