Vous êtes sur la page 1sur 6

Summary: What is contributing to overfishing in Japan, fisherman or the culture demanding the fish?

Works Cited

Burgess, Matthew G, Stephen Polasky, and David Tilman. "Predicting Overfishing and Extinction

Threats in Multispecies Fisheries." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the

United States of America 110.40 (2013): 15943-8. Web.

a) Burgess, Polasky, and Tillmans article lay a groundwork for the basis and definition

of overfishing, using tuna as a main test group. This creates a definition of

overfishing for the reader and provides identifiers and predictors for species and

their current rates of extinction.

b) Defining overfishing with quantitative numbers is vital to the central theme of my

essay. This data, along with its advice to prevent overharvesting also provide

realistic solutions to current ocean populations.

c) This article was published through the National Academy of Sciences, a non-profit,

non-governmental, private organization. This has been a long standing National

Academy, in that members are elected each year by current members. Matthew G.

Burgess has published multiple academic articles regarding fisheries and ocean

species extinction. Stephen Polasky is a professor of Ecological/Environmental

Economics at the University of Minnesota, and David Tilman is a Professor in the

College of Biological Sciences at the University of Minnesota. His areas of expertise

are, Ecological effects of humans, Biodiversity, Population ecology, Resource

competition, Ecosystem as stated by the universitys website. He has published

numerous articles and books pertaining to his field.

Freedman, Irith. "Cultural Specificity in Food Choice the Case of Ethnography in Japan." Appetite

96 (2016): 138-46. Web.


a) Freedmans study highlights a preference for a variety of tastes and textures in a

normal japanese diet. These preferences emphasize healthiness, as well as a culture

that celebrates unique food and the tourism surrounding it. The demand for these

unique tastes and flavors drive local fishing and farming industries around the island.

b) The establishment of a definition for a traditional Japanese diet is imperative for the

reader to understand the heart of my project. Understanding what the people

demand will show the impact on how food suppliers obtain and distribute their food.

c) Freedmans publisher, Elsevier is a large private dutch publishing company that

publishes over 400,000 peer reviewed articles per year. Freedmans article followed

the normal path of publication, which involves a review process before publication.

Goto, Keiko, et al. Globalization, Localization and Food Culture: Perceived Roles of Social and

Cultural Capitals in Healthy Child Feeding Practices in Japan. 21 Vol. , 2014. edswss;

EBSCOHost. Web.

a) Keikos article outlines the how conscientious Japanese parents are in regards to

feeding their children. This study showed mothers instilling healthy eating practices

and cultural eating manners at a young age. This requires fresh food for their

children, and how they supported the local food economy.

b) The article underlines the common japanese need for fresh food. This demand drives

the fishing economy and emphasizes the role of fishing markets in Japanese culture.

c) This study was translated to english and published through Sage Publications, an

established peer reviewed publisher that aims to be the worlds leading independent

academic publisher.
Gump, Steven E. "Food Culture in Japan." Southeast Review of Asian Studies (2006): 237. Web.

a) This book written by Stephen Gump is exactly what it says it is. It perfectly describes

the food culture in Japan, with descriptions of how the Japanese view food as an

experience and their need to find unique foods and textures.

b) This demand for unique foods and textures take a toll on small fish populations, such

as the Bluefin tuna. This need for rare fish provides enough for fisheries to overfish

such dwindling populations in search of profit over sustainability.

c) Gumps publisher, the Southeast Conference Association for Asian Studies describes

itself as, The Southeast Conference of the Association for Asian Studies (SEC/AAS)

is a non-political, non-profit scholarly organization dedicated to promoting the study

of Asia in the southeastern region of the United States. Each article or book is

proposed to a panel in which they go through a review process before publication.

This author in particular is currently at Princeton University and serves as a, key

reviewer of books on scholarly writing, and he regularly consults with scholars on

writing projects in the humanities, social sciences, and professional fields.

Ichii, T., et al. "Impacts of Extensive Driftnet Fishery and Late 1990s Climate Regime Shift on

Dominant Epipelagic Nekton in the Transition Region and Subtropical Frontal Zone:

Implications for Fishery Management." Progress in Oceanography 150 (2017): 35-47. Web.

a) This article, published by a large group of authors details a study on populations of

fish and squid in the north pacific, and how japanese fisheries have affected their

stock. They have tracked these populations from 1979 to 2005, and judging if these

species were underfished or overfished.


b) These judgements of key populations in the north pacific are quite useful to compare

to other populations of fish as well as understanding how consumer demand

impacts these populations from year to year.

c) This publisher, Elsevier as previously stated is a reliable peer review company.

Elsevier submits a large quantity of academic articles each year. Also, each of the

authors work for research agencies such as, National Fisheries Research Institute

and, Fisheries Research Agency as well as other japanese government run fishery

research agencies.

"Japan is Losing Out in the Pacific Fish Wars." Nikkei Asian Review Sep 28, 2017 Print.

a) This article outlines how Japanese fisheries are now facing competition from China

and North Korea. This increase in competition leads to corner cutting and less

regulation, since there are 3 countries competing for the same fish. The populations

sought after are now more vulnerable to overfishing since China and North Korea

have refused talks of instilling fishing quotas.

b) Instead of overfishing being solely internal, this article portrays the problem of

overfishing as external as well. These populations of fish are now susceptible to

illegal fishing operations and are in more danger than ever, as tragedy of the

commons can take effect.

c) This is my only non-scholarly, non-(officially) peer reviewed source so far. However

this publication specializes in asian economic and political affairs, and writes for an

audience interested in these subjects. The Nikkei review is an established journalistic

publication akin to an audience similar to The Wall Street Journal.


Nakatsuka, Shuya, et al. "A Limit Reference Point to Prevent Recruitment Overfishing of Pacific

Bluefin Tuna." Marine Policy 78 (2017): 107-13. Web.

a) This article predicts that, according to current harvesting techniques, the Pacific

bluefin Tunas future looks grim. They propose a solution to limiting the harvesting of

this species in order to ensure a healthy relationship between fisheries and their

product.

b) Their plan to limit the harvesting of PBT is a relevant solution for overfishing in

general, and is applicable to not only japan but the rest of the world.

c) This publisher is very familiar regarding the rest of my essay: Elsevier being an

academic and scholarly peer reviewed publisher. Shuya Nakatsuka is a deputy

manager of the Japan Fisheries Agency's international unit, so he has a background

in this area of interest.

Perissi, Ilaria, et al. "Dynamic Patterns of Overexploitation in Fisheries." Ecological Modelling

359 (2017): 285-92. Web.

a) This article explores why overexploitation happens and analyzes the roles the

fisheries play in the predation of their prey.

b) The question I posed before, if overfishing was a chicken vs egg dilemma is solved in

this article. The exploration of the relationship between declining populations and

fisheries can show what will happen to the bluefin tuna and it's fishers.

c) This article was published through a familiar publisher: Elsevier. Their commitment

to scholarly articles and peer review makes them an established source for

academic information.

Pramod, Ganapathiraju, Tony J. Pitcher, and Gopikrishna Mantha. "Estimates of Illegal and

Unreported Seafood Imports to Japan." Marine Policy 84 (2017): 42-51. Web.


a) This article estimates the amount of illegal ocean wildlife trade going into Japan.

They emphasize outdated fishery policy drive this black market.

b) This illegal trade is detrimental to pacific fish populations, as it is unregulated.

Bureaucracy is actually at fault for this exploitation as they hinder the ability for

fisheries to obtain said fish.

c) Elsevier is also the publisher of this article. Their commitment to academic

publications makes them a trusted source. These authors are professors in relevant

fields of study such as environmental science, criminology, and criminal law.

Yonezaki, Shiroh, Masashi Kiyota, and Hiroshi Okamura. "Long-Term Ecosystem Change in the

Western North Pacific Inferred from Commercial Fisheries and Top Predator Diet." Deep-

Sea Research Part II 113 (2015): 91-101. Web.

a) This article outlines the impact of varying degrees of overfishing and natural disasters have

had on ocean wildlife populations.

b) The information provided in this article provides relevant historical context for my essay

throughout the years, and shows how each population has been affected by different

variables.

c) This publisher: Elsevier is a trusted private academic, peer reviewed publisher committed to

furthering knowledge and accurate information. These authors have expertise in zoology,

oceanography, and marine biology.

So far my essay seems to be going *ahem* swimmingly. I need to work out a few details and
relate each source to the main summary correctly. I have never written a research paper before
so I am learning as I go. My strongest parts of my essay so far are my personal anecdotes, I
just need to get the quantitative data to the same level as my stories.

Vous aimerez peut-être aussi