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Instruction to candidates:

DO NOT OPEN THE BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD For examiner’s use
TO DO SO.
(Untuk kegunaan
Answer all the questions in section A in the spaces provided. All pemeriksa)
working must be shown. For calculation, relevant values of constants in 1
the data booklet must be used. For numerical answers, unit must be
quoted whenever they are appropriate. 2
Answer any four questions from section B. For this section, write your 3
answers on the answer sheets provided. Begin each answer on a fresh
sheet of paper, and arrange your answers in numerical order. 4
Tie your answer sheets to this booklet. 5
Answer may be written in either English or Malay. 6
7
Arahan kepada calon:
8
JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA ANDA 9
DIBENARKAN BERBUAT DEMIKIAN.
10
Jawab semua soalan dalam bahagian A dalam ruang yang disediakan.. 11
Semua kerja mestilah ditunjukkan. Bagi penghitungan nilai pemalar yang
berkaitan dalam Buku Data mestilah digunakan. Bagi jawapan berangka, unit 12
mestilah dinyatakan di mana-mana yang sesuai. 13
Jawap mana-mana empat soalan. dalam bahagian B. Untuk
bahagian ini, tulis jawapan andapada helaian yang dibekalkan. . Mulakan 14
setiap jawapan pada helaian kertas yang baru, dan susun jawapan anda Total
mengikut tertib berangka. Ikat kertas jawapan anda bersama dengan kertas
soalan ini.
(Jumlah)
Jawapan boleh ditulis dalam bahasa Inggeris atau bahasa Melayu.

This question paper consists of 13 printed pages and 1 blank page.

(Kertas soalan ini terdiri daripada 13 halaman bercetak dan 1 halaman kosong.)
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*Kertas soalan ini SULIT sehingga peperiksaan kertas ini tamat. CONFIDENTIAL*
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CONFIDENTIAL* 2

Section A [ 40 marks ]

Answer all the questions in this section.

1. (a) Explain what is meant by work and power. [2]

 
Work W = F • s
F = Force
S = displacement (1)

Power is the rate of doing work. (1)

(b) A car of mass 1540 kg is moving up a slope making an angle of 30o with the horizontal.
The total air resistance acting on the car is 500N. If the car is moving at a constant
speed of 20.0 m s-1,
(i) calculate the force exert by the engine. [2]

F = mgsinθ + R (1)

= 540x9.81xsin30o + 500

= 8054 N (1)

(ii) find the power of the engine.

P = Fv (1)

= 1.61x105 W (1)

[2]

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CONFIDENTIAL* 3

2. A uniform beam having a mass of 60 kg and a length of 2.8 m is held in place at its
lower end by a pin. Its upper end leans against a vertical frictionless wall as shown in
the figure.
(a) In the diagram below, show the direction of reaction forces acting on the
beam and the weight of the beam. [3]

R2

R1

W
40o

One mark for each direction.

(b) What is the magnitude of the force the pin exerts on the beam? [3]

Consider moment of forces about the pin :

R1x2.8sin40o = Wx1.4cos40o (1)

R1 = 350.7 N

R2y = W = mg {1}
= 588.6 N

R2x = R1 (1)
= 350.7 N

R2 = R2 x + R2 y = 685 N
2 2
(1)

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CONFIDENTIAL* 4

3. a) Based on a thermodynamic law, explain the drop in the temperature of a gas

during an adiabatic expansion. [2]

In an adiabatic expansion, no heat is absorbed or released by the system. (1)

Therefore work is done by using the internal energy and thus the temperature
decreases. (1)

Or From Q = dU + W

Q=0 (1)

W = - dU ; thus temperature decreases. (1)

(b) The following p-V graph represents a cyclic process in an ideal gas of constant mass.
The overall process is represented by three separate changes I, II and III.

i) Identify which change represents adiabatic change? [1]

II

ii) If the above processes represents the changes in a heat engine, in what sequence
must the three processes take place? Explain how you deduce your answer. [2]

II  I  III or clockwise (1)

So that there is a net work done by the system. (1)

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4. (a) A sound source of a certain frequency moving towards a stationary observer. The
frequency of the sound heard by the observer is different from that of the source.
Explain this phenomenon in terms of change in wavelength, frequency and velocity.
[3 ]

The apparent wavelength decreases. (1)

But the velocity of the wave is unchanged. (1)

From the equation , f = v/λ

When the wavelength decreases, the apparent frequency increases. (1)

(b) A car traveling normally towards a cliff at a speed of 30 m s-1 sounds its horn which
emits a note of frequency 100 Hz. What is the frequency of the echo as heard by the
driver? (Speed of sound is 330 m s-1. ) [3]

v+u
f '=  f 1
v−u
 330 + 30  1
=  x100
 330 − 30 
= 120 Hz 1

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CONFIDENTIAL* 6

5. (a) A parallel-plate capacitor of capacitance C and a resistor of large resistance R are

connected in series with a battery of e.m.f. E having negligible internal resistance.

(i) Sketch graphs to show the time variation of the voltage across the capacitor and the
current in the circuit after closing switch S. [2]
I
V

(1)
(1)

t
t
0 0

(ii) With switch S closed, the plates of the capacitor are pulled apart slightly. Describe and
explain the possible change(s) in the charge and the energy stored in the capacitor
when the steady state is reached. [3]

The charge decreases. (1)

The energy stored also decreases. (1)

Because the capacitance decreases but the potential difference is unchanged. (1)

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CONFIDENTIAL* 7

6. You are given some isotopes of a certain element. The isotopes are ionized so that they can
carry the same charge Q, and enter a speed selector as shown in the diagram below. Only
those isotopes with a definite speed can pass straight through the mutually perpendicular
uniform electric and magnetic fields in the speed selector. The whole set-up is in a
vacuum environment.

(i) Explain how the speed selector works. [2]

In the speed selector, the electrostatic force and the magnetic force acting the charged
particle are equal in magnitude but opposite in direction. (1)

Therefore the resultant force is zero, thus the charge will move in a straight line. (1)

Or qE = Bqv or FE = FB (1)

∑F=0 (1)

(ii) Describe and explain how the isotopes can be distinguished experimentally by
directing the emerging beam of ionized isotopes into a uniform magnetic field.

[3]
Different isotopes will be deflected in magnetic field in semicircular path of different
radii. (1, 1)

The mass of the isotope is directly proportional to the radius of the path. (1)

Or Bqv = mv2/r (1)

mα r (1)

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CONFIDENTIAL* 8

7. The diagram below shows two point charges, A and B, separated by a distance of 1.20 m
QA = –1.50 × 10-6 C and QB = +4.20 × 10-6 C

(a) Calculate the magnitude and direction of electric field at point P, midway between the
charges. [3]

Direction : BA (1)

QA QB
EP = + (1)
4πε o r1 4πε o r2
2 2

1.5 x10 −6 4.2 x10 −6

= + = 1.42 x10 5 Vm −1 (1)
4πε o (0.6) 2 4πε o (0.6) 2

(b) Calculate the electric potential at point P. [2]

QA QB
VP = + (1)
4πε o r 4πε o r

= 4.05 x10 4 V (1)

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CONFIDENTIAL* 9

8. In an X-ray tube, electrons are accelerated towards an anode by a potential difference

of 10,500 V.

(a) Calculate the de Broglie wavelength of the electrons just before collision with
the anode. [3]

1
2 mv 2 = eV (1)

2eV
v= = 6.073 x10 7
m
h
λ= (1)
p

= 1.20 x10 −11 m s −1 (1)

(b) Calculate the minimum wavelength in the X-ray continuous spectrum. [2]

hc
= eV (1)
λ

λ = 1.18 x10 −10 m (1)

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CONFIDENTIAL* 10

Section B [ 60 marks ]
Answer any four questions in this section.

9. (a) State Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation. [1]

The gravitational attraction between two point masses is directly proportional to the
product of the masses but inversely proportional to the square of their separation.

(b) A satellite of mass 200 kg is placed in a circular orbit at a height of 200 km above the
Earth’s equator travelling in the same direction as the rotation of Earth about its own
axis.

(i) Explain why the centre of the orbit must be at the centre of the Earth. [2]

The weight of the satellite provides the centripetal force. (1)

Since the weight acts towards the centre of the Earth, therefore the centre of the
Earth is the centre of the orbit. (1)

(ii) Calculate the speed of the satellite. [3]

mv 2 GMm
= (1)
r r2
gR 2
v= GM = gR 2 (1)
r

9.81x(6.4 x10 6 ) 2
=
6.6 x10 6

= 7800m / s (1)

(iii) The satellite passes a particular place on the ground at certain time of the day, by
taking into account the rotation of the Earth, find the time interval it will pass the
same place again ? [4]

v = rw (1)

7800
ω= = 1.182 x10 −3 rad s −1
6.6 x10 6
2π
Angular velocity of Earth ω ' = (1)
T
= 7.27 x10 −5 rad s −1

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CONFIDENTIAL* 11

Relative angular velocity ω r = ω − ω ' (1)

= 1.109 x10 −3 rad s −1
2π
T= = 5660 s (1)
ωr

(iv) By ignoring air resistance, calculate the minimum energy required to launch the
satellite into its orbit from the ground. [3]

W = ∆U + E K (1)
GMm GMm 1 2
= − + 2 mv (1)
R r
 1 1
= gR 2 m −  + 12 mv 2
R r
 1 1  1
= 9.81(6.4 x10 6 ) 2 x 200 −  + 2 x 200 x7800
2

 6.4 x10 
6
6.6 x10 6
= 6.47 x10 9 J (1)

(v) What is the minimum speed of the satellite in the orbit so that it can escape from the
gravitational field of the Earth and travel to infinity. [2]

(Radius of Earth R = 6.40x106 m)

GMm
1
2 mv 2 = (1)
r
2 gR 2
v=
r

= 1.10 x10 4 m s −1 (1)

10. a) The pressure p of an ideal gas of density ρ is related to the mean-square speed <c2> of
its molecules by the expression

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CONFIDENTIAL* 12

i) State three basic assumptions of the kinetic theory of gases, which lead to a model
of an ideal gas [3]

Any three of the followings:

- The gas molecules move randomly in all direction.

- The collisions between the molecules and the wall of the container
are elastic.
- There is no force between the molecules.
- The time of collision can be neglected compared to the time between
collisions.
- The motion of gas molecules obeys Newton’s Laws of motion.
- The volume of the molecules can be neglected compared to the
volume of the container.

ii) Write down the equation for an ideal gas. Explain the symbols you use.
[2]

pV = nRT

p = pressure of gas

V = volume

n = number of mole of gas

T= temperature in Kelvin 2/0

iii) Show that the average kinetic energy of a molecule of an ideal gas is proportional
to the thermodynamic temperature T. [4 ]

1 Nm
P= < c2 > (1)
3 V
3PV
m < c 2 >=
N
3nRT
= (1)
N
3nRT
=
nN A
1 3RT (1)
m < c 2 >=
2 2N A
3
= kT
2 (1)

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CONFIDENTIAL* 13

b) A tank contains 2.0 moles of helium gas at 200C. The molar mass of helium is 4.0 g.
Assume that the helium gas behaves as an ideal gas

i) find the total internal energy of the system [2]

f (1)
U= nRT
2
3
= × 2 × 8.31 × 293
2
= 3704 J (1)

ii) what is the average kinetic energy per molecule [2]

3 (1)
EK = kT
2
= 6.07 × 10 − 21 J (1)

iii) determine the r.m.s. speed of the helium atoms at 200C. [2]

1
m < c 2 >= 6.07 × 10 − 21 (1)
2
1 4 × 10 −3
× < c 2 >= 6.07 × 10 − 21
2 6.02 × 10 23 (1)
−1
< c > = 1350ms
2

11. (a) State the phenomenon which proved that light is a transverse wave? [1 mark]

Polarization of light

(b) The diagram below shows a charge oscillating along the y-axis.

Charge
x

The oscillating charge produces an EM wave propagating in the positive-z direction.

State the respective axis in which the oscillations of the electric field component E and
the magnetic field component B of the wave. [2 ]

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CONFIDENTIAL* 14

Electric field : along y-axis (1)

Magnetic field : along x – axis. (1)

(c) The light from a light bulb is a unpolarized light. Explain. [2 ]

Emission of light is a random/spontaneous process. (1)

Plane of oscillation is random. (1)

(d) The polarizing material consists of parallel long straight chain molecules. When
unpolarized light passing through it, the light transmitted will be polarized light.
(i) State the direction of the polarizing axis referring to the long straight chain
molecules. [1 ]

The polarizing axis is perpendicular to the molecular chain.

(ii) Explain what happens when an EM wave passes through these long straight
chain molecules. [2 ]

If electrical oscillations is parallel to the chain molecules, the electrical energy

will be absorbed. (1)
If the electrical oscillations is perpendicular to the chains molecules, it will pass
through. (1)
Or
The em wave will be polarized in the plane perpendicular to the chain molecule
(2)

(iii) If the electric field component of the EM wave is lost, what happens to the
magnetic field component? [1 ]

The magnetic field component will be lost too.

(e) The diagram below shows an unpolarized light of intensity Io passing through two
polarizers.

Polarizing axis

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CONFIDENTIAL* 15

(i) State the intensity of light after passing through the first polarizer in terms of Io and
explain your answer [3 ]

1
Io . 1
2
The EM oscillations can be resolved into two perpendicular directions. 1
The component which is parallel to the polarizing axis passes through 1

(ii) Calculate the angle θ if the light emitted from the two polarizers has intensity 25%
that of the incident light. [3 ]

1
I1 = Io
2

I 2 = I 1 cos 2 θ 1
1
0.25Io = I o cos 2 θ correct substitution of I2 and I1 1
2
θ = 45o 1

12. (a) Explain what is meant by mutual inductance between two coils. [1]

Mutual inductance M = - Induced emf in secondary coil

Rate of change of current in primary coil (1)

(b) A large long solenoid is made with 60 turns per centimeter. A smaller solenoid has
30 turns, is 2.0 cm long and has a diameter of 0.80 cm. The ends of the small
solenoid are connected to a 10 Ω resistor. The small solenoid is placed right in
the centre of the large solenoid. In the di agram below the small solenoid is
shown outside the large solenoid for clarity. The large solenoid is then connected
to a DC power supply which changes the current in the large solenoid from zero to
10 A in a time of 2.0 ms.

I
10 Ω

Power Supply

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CONFIDENTIAL* 16

i) Calculate the magnitude of the magnetic field in the large solenoid when the current
is at its maximum value of 10 A. [2]

B = μonI (1)

= 4πx10-7x60x102x10

= 0.0754 T (1)

ii) Calculate the average current passing through the 10 Ω resistor while the current in
the large solenoid is changing. [3]

dΦ
E=−
dt
NBA (1)
=−
t
NBA
IR = − E = IR (1)
t

NBA 30 × 0.0754 × π (0.40 × 10 − 2 ) 2

I =− = ( −)
Rt 10 × 2 × 10 −3
= 5.685mA or 5.7 mA
(1)

iii) If the direction of the current in the large solenoid is as shown in the diagram, in
which direction does current go in the resistor (to the left or to the right)?
[1]
To the right

iv) Calculate the mutual inductance of the two coils. [3]

dI p
Es = − M (1)
dt
dI p
IR = M
dt
10
5.685 ×10 −3 ×10 = M
2 ×10 −3 (1)
M = 1.137 ×10 −5 H or 1.1×10 −5 H
(1)
Or
(1)
Φ s = MI p
NBA = MI P
30 × 0.0754 × π (0.80 ×10 −2 ) = M ×10 (1)

M = 1.14 ×10 −5 H (1)

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CONFIDENTIAL* 17

(c) An AC motor of an electric drill has a resistance of 13.0 Ω. When it is turning at its
maximum speed it draws an rms current of 2.10 A when connected to a 120 V rms
supply.
i) Calculate the back emf when the drill is running at its maximum speed. [2]

V − Eb = Ir (1)
12 − Eb = 2.1 × 13
Eb = 92.7V (1)

ii) Calculate the rms current drawn by the drill when it is drilling through some
hardwood at one quarter of its maximum speed. [3]

Eb ∝ f (1)
1
Eb' = × 92.7 = 23.18V
4
V − Eb' = I ' r
12 − 23.18 = I ' × 13 (1)
I ' = 7.45 A
(1)

13 (a) State the difference between X-rays and γ-rays. [2]

X-ray is produced by transition of electron in atom (1)

γ –ray is produced by radioactive decay of a nucleus or in nuclear reaction. (1)

(b) (i) Sketch a graph to show the variation of the intensity with wavelength for the X-
ray spectra obtain at two different voltages V1 and V2 (V1 < V2 ) from an X-ray tube.
[2]

Intensity, I

1 mark for each

graph with at
least one
V2 characteristic
line
V1
λ
0

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CONFIDENTIAL* 18

(ii) Explain how the continuous spectrum and the characteristic line spectrum of X-
rays are formed. [4]

Continuous spectrum is produced when an electron bombarding the anode target

experiences deceleration. (1)
Kinetic energy of the electron is changed into photon or radiated as electromagnetic
wave. (1)

The line spectrum is produced by transition of electron from higher energy level to the
innermost orbit in the anode atom. (1)
The energy difference between the two orbits is radiated as a photon of discrete
wavelength. (1)

(c) The K series of the discrete X-ray spectrum of tungsten contains wavelengths of 0.0209
nm (transition from L to K shell) , and 0.0215 nm (transition from M to K shell). The
K-shell ionization energy is 69.5 keV.
(i) Draw a diagram of the transitions. [2]

N
M EM

L 1 mark for
EL
each
transition

K -69.5 KeV
0.0209 nm 0.215 nm
(ii) Determine the ionization energies of the L and M shell. [5]

For transition L  K :
(1)
∆E = E L − (−69.5) keV
hc (1)
∆E =
λ
[E L + 69.5]× 10 3 × 1.6 × 10 −19 = hc
eV J (1)
0.0215 × 10 −9
E L = −11.68 KeV
(1)
Ionization energy of L shell = 11.68KeV

For transition M K :

EM = - 10.02 KeV

Ionization energy of M shell = 10.02 KeV (1)

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CONFIDENTIAL* 19

14. (a) Potassium-40 is a radioactive isotope of potassium which is present in human body.
The main decay mode is for 1940 K to decay by the emission of a beta particle to produce
the stable product of 2040 Ca .
Write an equation for this radioactive decay process. [1]

40
19 K → 20
40
Ca + 0
−1 e (1)

(b) Calculate the energy emitted in Joule when one nucleus of 1940 K undergoes the above
decay process. Explain why the mass of beta particle is not considered in your
calculation. [5]

∆m = 39.964000 − 39.962591 (1)

= 1.409 × 10 −3 u
E = ∆m c 2 (1)
−3 − 27
= 1.409 × 10 × 1.66 × 10 × (3.0 × 10 )
8 2

−13
= 2.105 × 10 J or 2.11 × 10 −13 J (1)

The 1940 K atom contains 19 electrons while 2040 Ca atom contains 20 electrons. (1)
Therefore the mass of electron (beta particle) has been taken into consideration. (1)

(c) 0.3% of the human body mass is potassium of which only 0.0117% of the potassium
are isotope 1940 K . Calculate the number of isotope 1940 K atoms per kilogram of the
human body. [2]

40
Mass of 19 K per kg = 0.3% x 0.0117% (1)
= 3.51x10-7 kg

3.51 × 10 −7
Number of 40
K atoms per kg = −3
× 6.02 × 10 23
40 × 10
19

= 5.283x1018 (1)

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CONFIDENTIAL* 20

(d) If the half life of 1940 K is 1.28x109 years, calculate the rate of decay of 40
19 K in Bq per
kilogram in the human body. [4]

dN (1)
= λN
dt
ln 2 (1)
λ=
T1 / 2
dN ln 2 Change yr  s (1)
= × 5.283 × 1018
dt 1.28 × 10 × 365 × 24 × 3600
9

(1)
= 90.72 Bq or s −1

(e) One third of the energy of each decay is deposited in the body. Calculate the total
energy absorbed by a boy of mass 40 kg in one year. [3]

40
Given : The mass of one 19 K atom = 39.964000 u
40
The mass of one 20 Ca atom = 39.962591 u

E = 90.72 × (365 × 24 × 3600) × 40 × 2.105 × 10 −13 (1, 1)

1
Energy absorb = E
3

(1)
= 8.03 × 10 −3 J

-----------------------------------------END--------------------------------------------------------------

PHYSICS PAPER 1 2009 MALACCA STATE TRIAL EXAM MARKING SCHEME :

1D 11C 21A 31D 41D

2C 12C 22B 32D 42A
3B 13A 23C 33A 43B
4C 14D 24C 34C 44A
5B 15C 25A 35B 45D
6A 16D 26C 36D 46B
7A 17D 27D 37A 47A
8B 18D 28A 38C 48A
9A 19B 29B 39C 49C
10C 20A 30C 40A 50D

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