Engine condition monitoring provides a clear indication of performance,

lubrication and wear conditions for slow-speed two-stroke marine diesel engines. This is
achieved through detailed analysis of engine performance variables combined with advanced
dilution analysis of used cylinder, fuel and system lubricating oils.

Through this holistic diagnostic approach, we can help identify any issues before they become
problematic, provide practical guidance and pinpoint corrective actions.

How does engine condition monitoring work?

We analyse eight key condition indicators that significantly affect the efficient operation of your
engine:

Fuel oil quality.

Air cooler and scavenge air.
Combustion performance.
Cylinder oil feed rate.
Cylinder drain oil condition.
Liner and ring wear.
System oil condition.
Engine performance indicators.

This is combined with advanced dilution theory (Flame ADT) from Flame Diagnostic, which
normalises the effects of dilution within the system drain oil to allow meaningful analysis to be
carried out. Without this vital process, changing conditions may not be revealed.

The benefits

Through the combination of eight-point analysis and ADT, we provide greater insight into the
performance of marine engines. This can result in benefits such as:

reduced cylinder lubricating oil consumption

less unplanned downtime due to repairs
more fuel efficient operation, leading to reduced emissions
reduced maintenance costs.

The benefits of managed optimisation cylinder lubricating oil feed rate

For most large two-stroke engines, which are likely to be operating with a cylinder lubricating oil
(CLO) feed rate of around 1.0 1.6 g/kWh, greater control can normally be achieved by using
mechanical feed rate systems.
However, there can still be a tendency to over-lubricate since there is no way to provide confidence
to the ships engineers that rate reductions are appropriate to the operation of each specific engine.
Fitting wear detection systems can only show that wear is occurring and will not reveal underlying
conditions.

The extra savings which can result from using a targeted optimisation programme such as engine
condition monitoring can be significant, especially when considered over the fleet. For a ship
achieving a 1.0g/kWh feed rate, even a modest 0.1g/kWh reduction in feed rate will represent a
significant cost saving.

For example, based on the standard calculation, a hard working engine rated at 50,000 kW,
operating at 85% MCR for 7,000 hours annually with a nominal CLO consumption of 1.0g/kWh, will
use 297.5 tonnes of cylinder oil per year. At US$ 1,700 per tonne, the annual cost will be US$505,
000. A feed rate reduction over the year of 0.1g/kWhr will net a reduction in CLO usage of almost 30
tonnes, yielding a return of US$ 50,000.

Savings such as this are only made possible by the combination of FOBAS Engines eight-point
analysis and the application of Flame ADT.

Without any capital expenditure, engine condition monitoring offers a significant increase in day-to-
day knowledge of operational engine performance. This can empower shipboard crews, allowing
staff to make the necessary adjustments to achieve an optimum operational condition and can help
ensure that unforeseen problems are identified much earlier.

http://www.lr.org/en/services/fuel-testing/fobas-engine.aspx

Fuel oil bunker analysis and advisory service (FOBAS)

The challenge

Poor quality fuel can put the safety, operational and environmental performance of ships at
risk. With highly variable bunker quality across the world, the risk of contamination that
could be harmful to ship systems and must be managed to avoid the cost of downtime and
repairs.

The solution

The most effective way of protecting assets from the risks of poor quality fuel is through
regular fuel sampling, analysis and quality assessment. Through our Fuel Oil Bunker
Analysis Service (FOBAS) we provide ship operators and managers with independent
verification of fuel quality, as delivered, compared to international standards and
environmental legislation.
When faced with suspected fuel-related problems, our experienced professional engineers can
also provide practical guidance in dealing with fuel quality issues, supported by detailed
analysis reports and a wealth of experience.

The features

FOBAS is a fully integrated fuel testing solution where we:

Provide suitable supplies and guidance to ensure representative samples from each and
every bunkering are obtained.
Ensure samples for testing reach us in the fastest possible time (with guaranteed transit
times) using our approved courier from collection of sample to delivery to laboratory.
Ensure test results from the bunker sampling are received as quickly as possible (with
analysis results issued within 24 hours of sample receipt at one of our laboratories).
Offer full technical and engineering advice on all fuel related matters.
Help clients maintain compliance with the regulations of MARPOL Annex VI, the EU Sulphur
Directive and all other regionally imposed sulphur regulations.

This animation explains Lloyds Register GMTs fuel testing process, from taking a fuel sample to
receiving a fuel quality analysis report.

http://www.lr.org/en/services/fuel-testing/fuel-oil-bunker-analysis.aspx

The Fuel Management Toolkit has been developed to assist shipowners and
operators with fuel management procedures such as quantity calculations, quality
specifications, operational optimisation, energy consumption and emissions calculations.

A major feature of the Toolkit is the Knowledge Base, with detailed information on
maritime fuels, the risks associated with fuel quality and preventive measures that can be
taken to avoid damage to components of fuel management systems on ships.

The Toolkit gives greater insight into the technical and commercial aspects of fuel
management and is arranged in 6 sections:

1. Quantity
To calculate the quantity of fuel bunkered, based on the advised delivery data for
density and temperature along with measured volume.
2. Quality
This includes comparing marine fuel standard specifications, assessment of fuel
quality parameters against specified limits and to calculate the expected fuel quality
specification when different products are blended.

3. Operations
To calculate fuel ignition and combustion characteristics (Cetane Index & Calculated
Carbon Aromaticity Index), injection temperature and temperature/ density
converters.
 4. Energy
Net and Gross Specific Energy calculators as well as an estimated cost/ 100MJ
calculator

5. Emissions
Emissions calculator for SOx and CO2

6. Knowledge Base
A fuel property glossary including definitions, effect on different parts of fuel system,
indications and recommended actions for all basic fuel parameter

http://www.lr.org/en/services/fuel-testing/FuelManagementToolkit.aspx

Testing the fuel is absolutely essential for the safe and efficient operation of
the ship. Poor fuel costs the ship owners millions of dollars in damage and downtime each
year.

SeaTecs Bunker Fuel Oil analysis programme which conforms to ISO 8217 testing
requirements and will be in compliance with MARPOL Annex VI. Although the service
offered matches or exceeds those available to the marine industry, it is packaged and priced
for the benefit of our clients.

SeaTec aims to offer the highest quality testing standards, accredited to ISO 9002 and ISO
17025 as well as aiming to provide the fastest turn-around time based on a combination of the
latest laboratory equipment, global sample pickup, single point of contact and online
reporting. Samples are analysed on the day of delivery with the ability to report on the same
day. If any off-specification fuel are being identified an alert is being sent to the client within
24 hrs upon receipt of the sample.

The routine tests on fuel samples includes density, API gravity, viscosity at 50C and at
100C, upper pour point, flash point, elemental analysis, water and ash content. Elemental
analysis identifies the content level of such elements as carbon residue, sulphur, vanadium,
sodium, aluminium, silicon, calcium, iron, lead, nickel, zinc, phosphorus, magnesium and
sediment. The test results will also include calculated parameters such as Calculated Carbon
Aromaticity Index, calorific value, recommended minimum transfer temperature and the
recommended temperature required at injection. An indication if the bunkered fuel is mixed
with any other substance such as waste lubricating oil, can be determined with the help of
these tests.

Fuel purifier efficiency

We also have a bunker fuel oil purifier assessment programme which consists of a series of
specified tests undertaken on fuel samples form the purifier inlet and outlet to determine the
units efficiency in performing its functions of removing water, catalytic fines and other
elements. The results help you to continuously monitor and improve the performance of your
purifier

http://www.vships.com/what-we-do/technical-services/fluid-analysis-services/fuel-oil-analysis.aspx
Fuel Oil Testing
Fuel Oil testing for quality control and specifications.

Fuel oil is tested for quality according to recognized industry standards such as ASTM, ISO
and other specifications. The Intertek fuel oil labs also test fuel oils for trace contaminants,
adulterants and other components as required by clients and regulations.

Fuel oil testing and cargo inspection services are available for fuel oil #6, #5, #4, marine gas
oil (MGO), #3, #2, #1, heavy fuel oil (HFO), bunker fuels, and other heavy fuel oil types and
blends.

Fuel Oil testing:

Trace Metals in Petroleum (nickel, cadmium, mercury, etc.)

Trace sulfur (sulphur)
Heavy Distillates Testing and Inspection
Contamination Detection and Analysis
Additive Services for Petroleum and Fuels
ISO 8217 Bunker Fuel Testing
H2S Testing for Bunker Fuels
and more

Fuel oil testing:

Heavy Distillate Fuels Testing

Bunker Fuel Testing

http://www.intertek.com/petroleum/fuel-oil/
Oil Test Kits

DIGI Tests
A range of On-Site tests based around our unique electronic DIGI cell for Water/BN
(formerly Total Base Number - TBN). Digital display, 5 year battery life and multi range
capability. The DIGI range covers Water, BN (TBN), Insolubles, Viscosity testing and
Hydraulic Particles. Often supplied in multi-parameter test kits with ECON tests covering
AN (Acid Number, formerly Total Acid Number TAN) testing, Salt, Insolubles and Viscosity
to form a comprehensive solution. Rugged and simple to use, tests typically take <2 minutes
each. Comprehensive replacement reagent packs include all necessary consumables. Tests
use EasySHIP Non-Hazardous reagents .

Click here for more information about Parker Kittiwake's DIGI Tests

ECON Tests
Entry level and very economical tests in stand alone kits. Used as stand alone tests or in
combination with other ECON or DIGI tests, available parameters cover Salt, Insolubes, AN
(Acid Number, formerly Total Acid Number TAN) testing and Viscosity. Comprehensive
replacement reagent packs include all necessary consumables. AN (TAN), Insolubles and
Salt test are also available for larger more comprehensive test kits.

Click here for more information about Parker Kittiwake's range of ECON oil test kits

Multi-Parameter Test Kits

A complete set of economically priced oil equipment with a level of accuracy suited to
routine analysis. These oil test kits will identify most major problems in time to limit
major damage. They will give you comfort that the oil is fit for use and system free of major
contamination. The ability to test On-Site at the point of use enables you to conduct oil
analysis quickly and easily. Detecting out-of-spec fuels and lubricants can identify potential
problems, before they become critical. Choose from a range of oil testing equipment and
parameters to use either individually, or combined as a single oil test kit containing
combinations of DIGI and ECON tests.

Click here for more information about Parker Kittiwake's Multiparameter Test Kits

Supplied ready for use, in aluminium or durable ABS cases, these multi-parameter test kits
contain all of the necessary equipment and consumables for your oil condition monitoring
programme.

Fast, accurate results for multiple oil parameters in an easy to use, portable kit.
Make informed on-site maintenance decisions, act before the onset of critical failure.
Robust and reliable for use in harsh or remote environments.

Non-Hazardous Reagents
Parker Kittiwake constantly develop ways to reduce the cost of your Planned Maintenance
programme. One way is to decrease the hazardous nature of our tests and associated shipping
costs. Over the past two years we have developed many alternatives allowing re-classification
of over 80 reagents. Such tests are now non-hazardous for shipping, look for the
logo.

Hydraulic Particles Test Kit

A small self contained kit specifically aimed at basic On-Site care of hydraulic
systems. Quickly identify hydraulic system contamination by a variety of metallic and non-
metallic contaminants and gauge the suitability for continued use or need for additional
filtration.

http://www.kittiwake.com/oil-test-kits
Fuel Oil Analysis
Today environmental regulation has changed the characteristic of Marine
fuels. In order for suppliers to comply with regulation, more complex blending
and refining processes are used which has a large impact on the quality of the
final products. In the past few years, we have seen fuel quality problems rise
and we expected more to come with the new regulations taken effect in the
next few years.

Our laboratory chemist are well aware of the challenge. Equipped with a state of the
art laboratory, certified 9001:2008 by the ABS Quality Evaluation, they are ready to
analyze your fuel to the full extent of the ISO 8217 specifications and beyond. Our
laboratory is setup to go beyond the ISO 8217 specification for maximum vessel
protection utilizing FTIR analysis on distillate fuel for bio fuel contamination.
Moreover, more sophisticated equipment can be utilized to follow-up initial findings
by the lab or client.

Analysis data is available for you to access through our secure server at any time
free of charge.

To simplify the process to our client we have introduced a new easy to use Fuel
Sampling Kit, containing everything needed to sample a vessel in a small box.

Our Fuel Sampling Kit solution makes it simple for our client to:

Comply with MARPOL Annex VI and with local vessel operating regulation.
Monitor fuel quality through simple and fast analysis report with engineering
technical comment for fuel optimization.
Evaluate on-board purification equipment by utilizing " Purifier Efficiency
Evaluation" samples

The Fuel Sampling Kit (FSK) includes:

32 1000 ml bottles with rectangular base for better handling and stability
32 MARPOL compliance labels
32 seals and Caps
8 Cubitainers
Bottle capable of handling up to four (4) unique seals on cap
Self-aligning cap to indicate fully closed bottle
IATA approved package for sample dispatch
Easy to use documentation
Kit are ready for shipment from the U.S.A to any port in the world.

http://seahawkservices.com/Services/FuelOilAnalysis.aspx