Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
environment
Nicolas K Misselbrook
Associate Principal & Office Director
Thornton Tomasetti Defence Ltd
Sustainability We i d l i n g e r
Applied
Science
Fa a d e Re n ew a l
Engineering
We i d l i n g e r P ro p e r t y L o s s
P ro te c t i ve D e s i g n Consulting
Construction Structural
Engineering Engineering
Thornton Tomasetti Defence Ltd
Weidlinger Protective Design
1. Vulnerability and Feasibility
Assessments
4. Progressive Collapse
Prevention
5. Faade Hardening
4. Progressive Collapse
Prevention
5. Faade Hardening
Nicolas K Misselbrook
Associate Principal & Office Director
Thornton Tomasetti Defence Ltd
Objectives
What does an explosion look like?
What causes blast loads?
Blast shock wave load-time history
How do we calculate blast loads?
What are the pros and cons?
How do we calculate structural response to blast?
Calculation of blast in the urban environment
Validation and verification
Summary
Objectives
td
td
Blast shockwave load-time history
Simplified
POSITIVE IMPULSE, iS
td td
The shock wave changes as it expands
Pso1
1
1
tA1 td1
2
Pso2
2
tA2 td2
Pso3
tA3 td3
3
The shock wave changes as it expands
3
Loads on structure are reflected
Pr
a
Pso
td
Reflections add up
2 1
Pr1 1
Pr2 2
Pr3 3
3
td
Reflections add up
Empirical Equations
Pressure / wavelength / impulse curves based on test data and theory
Line-of-sight
Calculating blast loads
Empirical tools
Empirical Equations
Pressure / wavelength / impulse curves based on test data and theory
Line-of-sight
Ray Tracing Software
BLASTX
Calculating blast loads
Empirical Equations
Pressure / wavelength / impulse curves based on test data and theory
Line-of-sight
Ray Tracing Software
BLASTX
Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) Software
MAZ
WALAir Fast running CFD GPGPU
How are the methods different?
Revit WALAIR
Are there drawbacks to empirical methods?
May be unconservative
Why not use CFD methods all the time?
Pressure dependent
Impulse dependent
Pressure-time dependent
Calculating structural response to blast
SDOF analysis
Pressure dependent
Impulse dependent
Pressure-time dependent
Calculating structural response to blast
SDOF analysis
Pressure dependent
Impulse dependent
Pressure-time dependent
Calculating structural response to blast
SDOF analysis
Calculating structural response to blast
Iso-damage contour plot for brick built houses
A Complete demolition
B Severe damage, demolition required
- Temporary uninhabitable
- Minor structural damage
D Urgent repair
Graph based on Cormie,Mays, Smith, Blast effects on buildings, Thomas Telford 2nd Ed, 2009
Calculating structural response to blast
Finite element modelling
Urban Canyon
Urban Canyon
Scenario 2
Scenario 1
IBD 222m
Scenario 2
IBD 222m
Verification & Validation
40
30
20
10
Impulse (Error %)
0
-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40
-10
-20
Air3D
-30 ConWep
WALAIR GPU 75mm cells
WALAIR GPU 50mm cells
-40
Pressure (Error %)
Stephens, R., Nicholas, T., Validation of blast analysis software (Air3d and ConWEP) with trials data, Home Office Scientific Development Branch, Publication No. 38/07, in partnership with Centre for the
Protection of National Infrastructure, June 2007
Verification & Validation
Comparison with experiments
Verification & Validation
Comparison with experiments
Verification & Validation
Comparison with experiments
Summary
QUESTIONS?
Register of Security Engineers
& Specialists
The Register of Security Engineers & Specialists (RSES) has been established to promote excellence in
security engineering by providing a benchmark of professional quality against which its members have
been independently assessed
Website: www.ice.org.uk/rses
E-mail: registers@ice.org.uk
www.ThorntonTomasetti.com