Service Training REFERENCE

MATERIALS

TECHNICAL INFORMATION

B SERIES BACKHOE LOADERS

ELECTRICAL AND TRANSMISSION
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11/96

416B-438B STARTING AND CHARGING SYSTEM

309-GY
ALTERNATOR
G
304-WH D+
S
101-RD B+ W 450-YL
ALT
MTR BAT
RD-00 TACH
MOTOR POS NEG POS NEG DIODE
STARTER

308-YL
15 A 105-BR
KEY START
A SWITCH
303-BR

308-YL R

103-YL 101-RD C OFF

ACC
S ON
307-OR ST
B
ACCESSORY RELAY

START
MAIN AID SW
RELAY START AID
NEUTRAL / COIL
START SWITCH 310-PU
112-PU

306-GN

101-RD START
194-GN
RELAY 308-YL
CAB RELAY ENGINE
SHUTDOWN
SOLENOID

416B-446B BACKHOE LOADER UPDATES

Electrical System Electrical System

The 416B-438B electrical system has been modified.

A new alternator is equipped with a resistor so only the diode is

required in the wire from the key start switch to the alternator.

Due to COSA requirements the 109-OR wire that runs between the
starter and the alternator is now a 101-RD wire.

Due to a new relay design the ISO symbol has been changed as
shown above. The relays plug directly in the harness to reduce the
possibility of improperly hooking up a relay.

NOTE: The electrical schematics will be modified again in the future

to bring this system back to corporate guidelines.
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11/96

POWER TRAIN
HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
TWO WHEEL DRIVE

R F

FILTER
TRANSIMISSION
CONTROL VALVE

TORQUE
CONVERTER
PUMP
TRANSMISSION TORQUE
LUBE CONVERTER
OUTLET

LUBE OIL COOLER

SUCTION SCREEN

Trace flow and identify 416B-438B Power Train Hydraulic System - Two Wheel Drive
components
Oil from the sump is drawn though a suction screen by a crescent gear-
- Suction screen type oil pump located on the transmission input shaft. From the pump, the
oil (red) is sent through a spin-on filter to the transmission control valve.
- Pump Excess flow (orange) from the transmission control valve is sent to the
torque converter. A bypass orifice is located between the supply circuit
- Oil filter and torque converter circuit because the flow control valve cannot bypass
all the excess pump supply oil to the torque converter circuit.
- Control valve

A torque converter inlet relief valve, in the transmission control valve,

- Torque converter
inlet relief valve
protects the automotive-type torque converter from high pressures (cold
start-up). The torque converter can not utilize all of the excess pump flow,
- Cooler
so a bypass orifice is used. Oil (brown) from the torque converter goes to
the oil cooler located in front of the radiator.
- Lube circuit

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11/96

From the cooler, the oil is sent to the transmission circuit. A passage
directs lube oil to the input shaft of the transmission. Oil from the shaft
cools and lubricates the clutch assembly and input shaft bearings. The
output shaft, countershaft and reverse idler shaft are splash lubricated.
The oil then returns to the sump.

NOTE: In February of 1993 the transmission control valve was

changed on the 416B-438B backhoe loaders. The former adapter
plate and transmission control valve were combined into a single
valve body.

The lines and fittings from the torque converter and the oil cooler are
sized to provide sufficient restriction to the oil in the torque
converter. A torque converter outlet relief valve is not required.
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11/96

POWER TRAIN
HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
All WHEEL DRIVE

R F

ORIFICE
FILTER
TRANSIMISSION
TO FRONT CONTROL VALVE
WHEEL
DRIVE
CLUTCH

TORQUE
RELIEF VALVE CONVERTER

PUMP
TRANSMISSION TORQUE
LUBE CONVERTER
OUTLET

LUBE OIL COOLER

SUCTION SCREEN

Identify differences Power Train Hydraulic System - All Wheel Drive (AWD)

- Orifice in supply line The power train hydraulic system for all wheel drive (four wheel drive)
machines is the same as the two wheel drive machine except for the
- Internal supply line following:

- Relief valve 1. An orifice in the supply line to the transmission control valve
maintains pressure in the all wheel drive clutch between shifts.
This orifice is in the transmission control valve body.

2. An internal supply line from the filter directs oil to the AWD
solenoid (not shown). When the solenoid is energized, oil engages
the AWD clutch.

3. A relief valve is part of a manifold between the filter and the

transmission case.
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11/96

TRANSMISSION CONTROL VALVE

NEUTRAL

NEUTRALIZER
TORQUE CONVERTER VALVE
INLET RELIEF VALVE

TO TORQUE SOLENOID
CONVERTER

R F

SELECTOR
PUMP SPOOL
SUPPLY

FLOW CONTROL RELIEF VALVE

VALVE

Identify components Shown here is a schematic of the integral transmission control valve. The
following components are located in the control valve.
Transmission control
valve in NEUTRAL Selector spool - rotates in the valve body to direct oil to either one of the
directional clutches. The valve also directs flow to the tank. In
NEUTRAL, the spool blocks oil from going to the clutches.

Solenoid and neutralizer spool - drains clutch pressure between shifts to

provide smoother shifts and to provide "on the go" shifting.

Torque convertor inlet relief valve - protects the torque converter from
high pressures (cold start-ups).

Flow control valve - provides priority oil flow to the transmission control
valve. Flow not needed is sent to the torque converter.

Relief valve - control maximums clutch pressure. When maximum clutch

pressure is reached, excess supply oil is directed to the tank.

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11/96

Trace oil flow When the machine is started up, supply oil from the pump enters the
orifice in the flow control valve and flows to the selector spool. In
NEUTRAL the selector spool blocks the supply oil. The selector spool
also directs oil in the clutches to the tank.

As oil continues to flow through the flow control valve, the pressure
increases and moves the flow control valve to the right and directs oil not
needed for the control valve to the torque converter.

When pressure in the control valve reaches a specified limit, the relief
valve will move to the right and drain oil to the tank.
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11/96

TRANSMISSION CONTROL VALVE

FORWARD

TO TORQUE SOLENOID
CONVERTER

R F

SELECTOR
PUMP SPOOL
SUPPLY

Trace oil flow To make a directional shift, the operator moves the transmission shuttle
lever. Mechanical linkage will cause the selector spool to rotate in the
valve body. As shown here for FORWARD, the spool is directing supply
oil to the FORWARD clutch.

When the selector spool starts to send oil to the clutch, a momentary
decrease in pressure occurs, causing the relief valve to close and the flow
control valve to move to the left to reduce the amount of flow being sent
to the torque converter.

After the clutch fills, pressure again increases and the flow control valve
moves back to the left. The relief opens to maintain the correct clutch
pressure.

The valve works the same way for REVERSE.

NOTE: Clutch modulation does not occur in this control valve.

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11/96

TRANSMISSION CONTROL VALVE

FORWARD - NEUTRALIZED

NEUTRALIZER DRAIN
VALVE PASSAGE

TO TORQUE SOLENOID
CONVERTER

R F

SELECTOR
PUMP SPOOL
SUPPLY

When a speed shift is made, the directional clutch must be released to

make an "on the go" shift.

A neutralizer switch on the shift lever, when pressed, energizes the

solenoid and moves the neutralizer valve to the left. The neutralizer valve
blocks the flow of supply oil to the clutch and opens a passage for the oil
in the clutch to drain to the tank.

After the neutralizer switch is released, solenoid is de-energized and the

spring to the left of the neutralizer spool moves the spool back to the right
to allow supply oil to the clutch.

An additional neutralizer switch is located in the loader control lever.

When this switch is depressed, the transmission is also neutralized as
described above. The purpose of this switch is to provide additional
engine horsepower for the implement hydraulics when the loader
implements are being used.