Vous êtes sur la page 1sur 4

Method

1. Methods Of Risk Assessment


The risk assessment process assists engineers in determining how to allocate resources to fix the
problems that the safety analysis has discovered. With risk assessments, engineers are more
capable of rating and ranking hazards and using that information to decide whether it makes
sense to make changes and what those changes should be.

a. Hazard identification
Hazard identification is a crucial part of the system safety process. It really is impossible to
safeguard a systemor control risks adequately without first identifying the hazards. The
hazard identification process is a kind of safety brainstorming. The purpose is to identify as
many hazards as are possible. In this process, engineer develops a preliminary hazard list
and will assess the impact on the system. A various methods were used to gather the most
complete list possible such as survey the site, interview site personnel, analyze and compare
similar systems, review past accident, identify codes, standards and regulations.

b. Hazard analysis
The next step is to analyze the hazards identified. A hazard analysis is a technique for
studying the cause or consequence relation of the hazard potential in a system. The purpose
is to take the preliminary hazard list one level deeper and assess how each hazard affect the
system.

c. Risk evaluation
After hazard have been identified and analyzed, it should be control their occurence or
mitigate their effects. Evaluating the risks does this. Is the hazard likely to occur? If it does,
how much damage will result from the incident? In the risk evaluation, the risk are
calculated and risk profiles which is used to compare the different risks are generated. The
purpose of the risk profiles is to understand better which scenarios are relatively riskier.
With this information, the associated risks are worth controlling and which risks require less
attention. This will be very important for the risk management.

2. Likelihood and Severity

Risk describes both the probability and severity of a loss event.

Risk = Probability x Severity

Probability refers to the likelihood of the occurrence of an event. When used as part of a risk
assessment tool in system safety, probabilities can be categorized as frequent,probable, occasional,
remote and improbable. By studying safety-related data, it is possible to determine statistical trends
for a variety of factors, such as the type of accident. Example falls, being struck by a falling object or
location where injuries are taking place such as warehouse ,assembly and other places. It is possible
to classify injuries, property damage or other loss factors in terms of one of the probability
categories by using the data on the frequeny of occurrence. Probability and frequency of loss events
are only half of the risk picture.

Table 1: Likelihood were indicates using the following values

LIKELIHOOD (L) EXAMPLE RATING


Most Likely The most likely result of the hazard / event being realized 5
Possible Has a good chance of occurring and is not unusual 4
Conceivable Might be occur at sometime in future 3
Remote Has not been known to occur after many years 2
Inconceivable Is practically impossible and has never occured 1

The severity of the loss event must also be considered. Severity refers to the magnitude of the loss
in a given period of time. When used as part of the risk assessment tool in system safety, the
severity of a particular condition is classified in one of four categories:

Table 2 : Severity of Hazard

SEVERITY (S) EXAMPLE RATING


Catastrophic Numerous fatalities, irrecoverable property damage and 5
productivity
Fatal Approximately one single fatality major property damage if 4
hazard is realized
Serious Non-fatal injury, permanent disability 3
Minor Disabling but not permanent injury 2
Negligible Minor abrasions, bruises, cuts, first aid type injury 1
3. Matrix Used

Severity (S)
Likelihood (L) 1 2 3 4 5
5 5 10 15 20 25
4 4 8 12 16 20
3 3 6 9 12 15
2 2 4 6 8 10
1 1 2 3 4 5

High
Medium
Low

The relative risk value can be used to prioritize necessary actions to effectively manage work
place hazard. To used the matrix table, firstly need to find the severity column that best
describes the outcome of risk. Then follow the likelihood row to find the description that best
suits the likelihood that severity will occur.

Risk with 15-25 indicates a high risk that requires immediate action to control the hazard. While,
risk 5-12 indicates medium risk requires a planned approach to controllong the hazard and
applies temporary measure if required. Lastly, risk 1-4 is a low risk, may be considered as
acceptable and futher reduction may not necessary.

4. Decision For Action


Once the risk assessment is performed, it is possible to determine the types of controls that
most effectively eliminate the hazards. There are a number of control techniques available for
treating loss exposures. Controls can be defined as processes, procedures or method changes
that correct existing health problems and prevent or minimize the risk of health hazards in the
workplace.

Engineering controls are the method of choice because of their ability to isolate or eliminate
health hazards. By eliminating health hazards at the point of origin, the occupational health and
safety professional eliminates the release of contaminant into the workplace environment,
ultimately preventing employee exposure.

Administrative controls are those health hazard control methods that are employee oriented or
process management oriented. In other words, they are the control methods that the
management of a facility has inuence over through manufacturing method or employee work
assignment activities.
Job rotation,moving employees from one workstation or task to another at regularly assigned
intervals, is one example of an administrative control. Other administrative control options
include substituting less toxic materials in the manufacturing and work processing, and
establishing training programs that make the employee aware of the existing health hazard.

Personal protective equipment (PPE) is the third category of health hazard control available. It is
considered the last line of defense because the barrier separating the employee from the health
hazard must be worn correctly and consistently.

Vous aimerez peut-être aussi