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ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF STRUCTURE AND
MATERIAL ENGINEERING
STRUCTURE LABORATORY
LABSHEET INSTRUCTION
Course Code
KOD ETIKA PELAJAR
(KEP)
JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN STRUKTUR & BAHAN
FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM & ALAM
SEKITAR
UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA
BATU PAHAT JOHOR
.
(TANDATANGAN PELAJAR)
NAMA :.
NO. MATRIK :.
TARIKH :....
Faculty : Civil And Environment Page 01
Engineering
Department : Structure And Material Edition
Engineering Checking No
Title : Effective Date
PLASTIC ANALYSIS Amendment
Date
1.0 OBJECTIVE
3.0 INTRODUCTION
During the design process for beams it would not be unreasonable for one to
assume that no part of the beam should experience a stress greater than that
allowable for the working material. However, it can be found that a beam will
withstand much larger forces before collapse than simple elastic theory predict.
Prepared by:
Singnature:
Date:
Faculty : Civil And Environment Page 02
Engineering
Department : Structure And Material Edition
Engineering Checking No
Title : Effective Date
PLASTIC ANALYSIS Amendment
Date
4.0 THEORY
When a beam is bent around the neutral axis, the stress through the beam section
varies with the distance from the neutral axis, form the greatest att the extreme
fibres ( y= maximum) to zero at the neutral axis ( y = 0)
y (max)
y Neutral axis
If the beam is subjected to an increasing bending moment, the stress will build up
through the section to a maximum at the extreme fibres. This means that although
the outer parts of the beam may well have yielded and are behaving plastically,
the inner parts may still be behaving elastically and resisting load.
If the bending moment continues to increse, the plastic portion will move further
into the beam leaving a smaller elastic core. This called the partially plastic
condition. The beam will continue to resist the bending moment although with an
incresing rate of deflection as the plastic portion moves further toward the neutral
axis. ( See diagram below )
y
Plastic portion
Neutral axis
y
Faculty : Civil And Environment Page 03
Engineering
Department : Structure And Material Edition
Engineering Checking No
Title : Effective Date
PLASTIC ANALYSIS Amendment
Date
Eventually the elastic portion will far enough into the beam andthe beam will
be fully plastic. It will form a plastic hinge and be unable ti resist any further
bending moment ( shown below)
Neutral axis y
The ratio of the fully plastic bending to the just plastic moment is call FORM
FACTOR. The form factor is entirely dependent on the shape of the beam and not on the
size, material or fixing condition.
4WL
Yield stress y = .equation 1
bd
WL
Maximum bending moment, M p = .. equation 2
4
Bending moment at yield of the extreme fibre M y = y I y
5.0 PROCEDURE
1. Tke the specimen beam and measure the cross section, calculate the
second moment of area for the spesimen.
2. ensure the clamp plates are removed and place the specimen beam across
the chucks of the unit
3. Push the roller mechanism outwards to its stop.
4. Put the pin through the load cell fork and wind the load cell down until the
pin just touches the specimen beam, zero both the load cell and the
indicator.
5. Wind the load cell down to cause a measured deflection of 3mm and take
a reading of the force required.
6. Continue to wind the load cell down in 3 mm step until there is no or very
little increse in load for each increment of deflection.
7. Enter ypur result into Table 1.
6.0 APPARATUS
Sketch the apparatus used un this experiment and named the essential components
Faculty : Civil And Environment Page 05
Engineering
Department : Structure And Material Edition
Engineering Checking No
Title : Effective Date
PLASTIC ANALYSIS Amendment
Date
7.0 RESULT
Deflection Force ( N )
(mm)
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
27
30
33
36
8.0 DISCUSSION
Experiment 1
1. Plot the graph Force vs Deflection and from your result comment on the
shape of the resulting plot.
2. From Table 1, note the collapse load, and using the bending moment
diagram calculate the plastic moment ( Mp).
3. Using yield stress of 325 Mpa* Calculate the bending moment (My) to just
cause yielding of the extreme fibres.
4. Calculate the form factor (Mp/My) . Compare to the text book value
5. Discuss the advantages of considering the extra available strength duet o
the plastic beam theory when designing structures.