Some Basic Concepts of Cl!

emistry 7

a(c) 943 x 0.00345 + 101

Ans. (a) 1.19 x to-3 (b) 0.0561

(c) 104.3

4. Name the base units of the metric system.

Ans. The base units of the metric system are:

metre (length) kilogram (mass) . second (time)

kelvin (temperature)

mole (amount of substance) ampere (electric current) candela (luminous intensity)

5. Defme the fundamental unit of length.

Ans. The fundamental unit of length is the metre.

It is defined as the distance that light travels in 1/299 792458 of a second.

6. How do you define the fundamental unit

of time?

Ans. The fundamental unit of time is the second.

It is defined as 9 192 631 770 cycles of the radiation associated with a specific transi- tion of the cesium atom.

7. What is the difference between S g and

5.00 g?

Ans. In 5 g, one significant digit is present while

5.00 g contains three significant figures. Hence, 5.00g is more precise than 5 g.

8. A block of platinum 6.00 em long,

3.50 em wide, and 4.00 em thick has a mass of 1802 g. What is the density of platinum? .

Ans. Mass = 1802 g

Volume= l x w x h

= 6 x 3.50 x 4.0 = 84 cm3

D . mass 1802 g 21 5 -3

= 136 g of Nli3

10. Express each of the following in SI Units

(a) 14 pound per square inch (atmospheric pressure)

(b) 100 miles per hour

(c) 5 feet 2 inches (d) 150 pounds

Ans. (a) 1 pound per square inch= 6894.76 Nm-2

:. 14 pounds per square inch=

154 x 6894.76 = 96526.64 Nm-2

1.16 x 103 m

(b) 1 milelhr = 3600 sec

:. 100 miles/hr = 44.7 m/sec (c) 5 feet 2 inches = 1.5776 m (d) 1 pound = 0.454 kg

:. 150 pounds = 68.1 kg

11. How will you define temperature?

Ans. Temperature is a fundamental concept by which the relative 'hotness' or 'coldness' of objects in an environment is compared.

12. Define triple point.

Ans. Triple point is that temperature at which the solid, liquid, and gaseous states all exist in equilibrium with one another at the same temperature. The triple point of water is de-

fined as 0.01 oc on the Celsius scale.

13. While examining a thermometer outside the house, due to sudden cold, the tem- perature drops from 81o to 54 F. What is tbe corresponding temperature drop in degree Celsius?

Ans. 81 F temperature corresponds to

519 (81 - 32) C = 27 C

While 54 F corresponds to

519 (54 - 32) = 12 oc

.. The corresponding temperature drop in

enstty =

volume

= . g em
84cm3

degree Celsius is (27 - 12) C = 15 oc

9. A bottle containing a solution of ammo nia that is 30% ammonia by weight contains 1 lb of solution. How many grams of ammonia are present?

Ans. 1 lb = 454 g

30

454 g solution contains 454 x 100 g of NH3

14. At what temperature have the Celsius

and Fahrenheit readings tbe same numerical value?

Ans. x = 519 ( x - 32)

or

x = - 40 C=40 F

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