Control 1

PARTE 1
INTRODUCCION Y MODELADO MATEMATICO

UANL/FCQ/IQ/Control de Procesos Ago - Dic/2017
Definicion 1. [Planta o procesos qumico]

Arreglo de dispositivos: reactores, intercambiadores de calor,
bombas, columnas de destilacion, absorbedores, evaporadores, etc.
El objetivo es convertir materias primas en productos nales usando

una fuente de energa.
16
Ejemplo 1. [Luyben, p5]
Fig. 1: Typical chemical plant and control system

17
Definicion 2. [Leyes del control de procesos]

1. El mejor sistema de control es el que efectua la operacion de la
forma mas sencilla posible.
2. Hay que entender el proceso antes de controlarlo.
18
Criterios en un Proceso
1. Seguridad
2. Especificaciones de produccion
3. Regulaciones ambientales
4. Restricciones operacionales
5. Economa
19
Aspectos en los que Resulta Esencial el Control
1. Perturbaciones
2. Estabilidad
3. Optimizacion
20
Ejemplo 2. [Stephanopoulos, p4, #1]

Consider the tank heater shown in the gure 2.
Fig. 2: Stirred tank heater

21
A liquid enters the tank with a ow rate Fi (f t3/min) and a

temperature Ti (F ), where it is heated with the steam (having
a ow rate Fst lb/min). Let F and T be the ow rate and
temperature of the system leaving the tank. The tank is consider
to be well stirred.
The operational objectives of this heater are:
1. To keep the euent temperature T at a desired value Ts
2. To keep the volume of the liquid in the tank at a desired value

Vs

The operation of the heater is disturb by external factors such as changes in the feed flow
rate and temperature (Fi and Ti).
22

Consider a CSTR in which an irreversible exothermic reaction
A B takes place. The heat of reaction is removed by a coolant
that ows through a jacket around the reactor (g. 3).
As is known, the curve that describes the amount of heat released

by exothermic reaction is a sigmoidal function of the temperature
T in the reactor (curve gross in g. 4)
On the other hand, the heat removed by the coolant is a linear

function if the temperature T (line thin in g. 4)
Consequently, when the CSTR is at steady state, the heat produced

by the reaction should be equal to the heat removed by the coolant.
23
Fig. 3: CSTR with coolant jacket
24
Fig. 4: The steady states of a CSTR

25

Consider a simple distillation column, see gure 5, separating a
binary mixture of pentane and hexane in two products streams of
pentane (distillate) and hexane (bottoms). Our control objectives
are:
1. To maintain the production of a distillate stream with 95 mole

% pentane in the presence of changes in the feed composition.
2. If is not possible use composition analyzers, because are either

very costly or of very low reliability for an industrial environment,
what do you do?
26
Fig. 5: Simple distillation column

27
Ejemplo 1. [Coughanowr, p1]

A liquid stream at temperature Ti is available at a constant ow
rate of w in units of mass per time. It is desired to heat this
stream to a higher temperature TR.
The uid ow into a well-agitated tank equipped with a heating

device (see gure 6). Heated uid is removed from the bottom
of the tank at the ow rate w as the product of this heating process.
For a satisfactory design the temperature of the uid in the

tank must be TR. The specic heat of the uid C is assumed to
be constant, independent of the temperature.
1
Fig. 6: Agitated heating tank

2
Make a simulation using MATLAB-SIMULINK with the

following information
Tank volume (V ): 100 f t3
Heat capacity (cp): 0.75 Btu/lb F
Density of process fluid (): 50 lb/f t3
flow rate (F ): 1000 f t3/hr.
3
Control signals of 4 to 20 mA are used. The range of tem-

perature transmitter is 50 to 200 F .
16
P V = 4 + 200 (Tcontrol 50)
The control valve can pass enough steam to transfer 10 106

Btu/hr of heat. ( )
Q = 16 10 10
CO4 6
The proportional controller equation is.
CO = 7.6 + Kc(SP P V )

P V : process variable signal, SP : setpoint, CO : controller output
4
Ejercicios [Lecturas recomendadas]
Bequette: p1-20; p24-30
Luyben: p1-12
Seborg: p1-15
Smith-Corripio: p17-26

Control 1

Transféré par

Informations du document

Copyright

Formats disponibles

Partager ce document

Partager ou intégrer le document

Options de partage

Avez-vous trouvé ce document utile ?

Ce contenu est-il inapproprié ?

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

Control 1

Transféré par

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

PARTE 1

INTRODUCCION Y MODELADO MATEMATICO

Definicion 1. [Planta o procesos qumico]

El objetivo es convertir materias primas en productos nales usando

Ejemplo 1. [Luyben, p5]

Fig. 1: Typical chemical plant and control system

Definicion 2. [Leyes del control de procesos]

2. Hay que entender el proceso antes de controlarlo.

Aspectos en los que Resulta Esencial el Control

Ejemplo 2. [Stephanopoulos, p4, #1]

Fig. 2: Stirred tank heater

A liquid enters the tank with a ow rate Fi (f t3/min) and a

The operational objectives of this heater are:

1. To keep the euent temperature T at a desired value Ts

2. To keep the volume of the liquid in the tank at a desired value

Ejemplo 3. [Stephanopoulos, p8, #7]

As is known, the curve that describes the amount of heat released

On the other hand, the heat removed by the coolant is a linear

Consequently, when the CSTR is at steady state, the heat produced

Fig. 3: CSTR with coolant jacket

Fig. 4: The steady states of a CSTR

Ejemplo 4. [Stephanopoulos, p16, #10]

1. To maintain the production of a distillate stream with 95 mole

2. If is not possible use composition analyzers, because are either

Fig. 5: Simple distillation column

Ejemplo 1. [Coughanowr, p1]

The uid ow into a well-agitated tank equipped with a heating

For a satisfactory design the temperature of the uid in the

Fig. 6: Agitated heating tank

Make a simulation using MATLAB-SIMULINK with the

Tank volume (V ): 100 f t3

Heat capacity (cp): 0.75 Btu/lb F

Density of process fluid (): 50 lb/f t3

flow rate (F ): 1000 f t3/hr.

Control signals of 4 to 20 mA are used. The range of tem-

The control valve can pass enough steam to transfer 10 106

The proportional controller equation is.

Ejercicios [Lecturas recomendadas]

Bequette: p1-20; p24-30

Vous aimerez peut-être aussi