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DEIONIZED PROCESS
WATER WATER
982.3 967.1
kg/m3)
4181 4197
cp(J/kg.K
0.643 0.673
k(W/m.K
548 324
N.s/m2
pr 3.56 2.02
Process
water,h Th,o
Th,i=95 C
T1 T2 Concentric tube
T mc=5kg/s
Tc,i=40 C Deionized PF,L=0.19m
Tc,0i=60 C D=30mm
water,c x
0
.
For a fixed term Th,i , (m )h will be a minimum when Th,o is a minimum.
With the parallel flow configuration, this requires that Th,o=Tc,o=60C.
Hence,
.
. ( mc ) c (Tc ,o Tc ,i ) 5kg / s 4181J / kg . K (60 40) C
m h, min 2.85kg / s
c h (Th,i Th,o ) 4197 J / kg . K (95 60)C
(b)From the rate equation and the log mean temperature relation,
T1 - T2
q UATlm , PF Tlm , PF
T
ln 1
T2
And since T2=0, Tlm=0 so that UA=. Since A=DL is finite, U
must be extremely large. Hence, the heating cannot be accomplished
with this arrangement.
.
(c) With the CF arrangements m h will be a minimum when Tho is a
minimum. This requires that Th,o is a minimum. This requires that Th,o
is a minimum. This requires that Th,o=Tc,i=40C. Hence, from the
overall energy balance,
For this condition, Cmin=Ch which is cooled from Th,i to Tc,i, hence =1
Schematic:
Water
Th,i=400K
mh=0.05kg/s
Air
Tc,i=300K
mc=0.75kg/s
Tc,o
Th,o=330K
C max C c 755.25W / K ,
and
Schematic:
And
.
m c C c / c p ,c 86,400W / K / 4178 J / kg . K 20.7 kg / s
.
m h q / h fg 2.16 10 6 W / 2.304 10 6 J / kg 0.936kg / s
.
Comments: The significant reduction (38%) in m h represents a
significant loss in turbine power. Periodic cleaning of condenser
surfaces should be employed to minimize the adverse effects of
fouling.
4. Water at 225 kg/h is to be heated from 35 to 95C by means of a
concentric tube heat exchanger. Oil at 225kg/h and 210C, with a
specific heat of 2095 J/kg.K, is to be used as the hot fluid. If the
overall heat transfer coefficient based on the outer diameter of the
inner tube if 550W/m2.K, determine the length of the exchanger if the
outer diameter is 100mm.
Schematic:
The heat rate, q, can be evaluated from an energy balance on the cold
fluid,
. 225kg / h
q m c c c (Tc , 0 Tc ,i ) 4188 J / kg . K (95 35) K 15,705W
3600 s / h
. 225kg / h J
Th,o Th ,i q / m h c h 210 C 15,705W / 2095 90.1C
3600 s / h kg . K
Since Th,o<Tc,o it follows that HXer operation must be CF. From eq.
for log mean temperature difference,
T1 T2 ( 210 95) (90.1 35)
Tm ,CF C 81.5C
n( T1 / T2 ) n(115 / 55.1)
T
Th,i=210 C
Th,o=90.1 C
T1
T2
Tc,o=95 C
Tc,i=35 C
x
1 2
Schematic:
Tc,i=15 C
Th,i=85 C Ch=2Cc
Cc
Assumptions: (1) equivalent hot and cold water specific heats, (2)
Negligible Kinetic and potential energy changes, (3) No eat loss to
surroundings.
C min C
Th,o (Th ,i Tc ,i ) Th,i c (Th,i Tc ,i ) Th,i
Ch Ch
For parallel flow operation, the hot and cold outlet temperatures will
be equal; that is Tc,o=Th,o. Hence
C C
Th,o Th,i c Tc ,i / 1 c
Ch Ch
1 1
Th,o 85 15 C / 1 61.7 C
2 2
Known: Inlet temperatures and flow rate for a concentric tube heat
exchanger.
Find: (a) Maximum possible heat transfer rate and effectiveness, (b)
Proffered mode of operation.
Schematic:
U,A
Ethylene glycol
Th,i=100 C
Tho=60 C
mhi=0.5kg/s Water Tc,i=15 C mc=0.5kg/s
(b)
q 0.53 10 5
Tc ,o Tc ,i 15C 40.4C
.
0.5kg / s 4178 J / kg . K
m c c p ,c
Hence