EXPERIMENT OF LIPID ANALYSIS

INTRODUCTION

Lipids include fats, oils, waxes, cholesterol, other sterols, and most steroids. In the body,
fat serves as a source of energy, a thermal insulator and cushion around organs, and an
important cellular component. The fat-soluble vitamins are A, D, E, and K.

Lipids are classified as organic compounds that are soluble (dissolvable) in organic
solvents, but only sparingly soluble in water. Lipids are biologically important for making
barriers (membranes of animal cells), which control the flow of water and other materials into a
cell.

Fats are one of important element for human to make cell membrane, make our body
warm and many others important function. Fats that are important for human to intake refers to
essential fatty acid (such as linoleic and linolenic acid. These fatty acids are found in oils used in
several different food products. Another way to classified fats is unsaturated, saturated and
polyunsaturated fats. Animal fats are saturated and invisible fats that will be solid at room
temperature (saturated fats have single bond whereas unsaturated fats has double bonds and
polyunsaturated fats has multiple double bonds.

Based on this experiment, lipid analysis is carry out the by using sunflower seeds, potato
chips, chocolate chips and biscuit. The fats are extracts from the samples by using petroleum
ether to remove the fats on the samples as this sample is invisible fats.

MATERIALS

Sunflower seeds

Potato chips

Biscuit

Chocolate chips

Beakers

Hot plate

Glass rod

METHODOLOGY

The steps that involves in this experiment are firstly, we are crushed the all sample of
lipid foods. Then, the sample is weight about 2g to carry out this experiment. After that, we are
weight four empty beaker + glass rod and recorded the data. It is follows by added the pulverized
food sample (sunflower seeds, potato chips, chocolate chips and biscuit) into that beaker. Next,
the beaker + glass rod + food sample is weight. The data is recorded.

Then, 10 mL of petroleum ether is added to the beaker and stir it about 10 minutes. After
that, the samples are poured into the new beaker (only liquid) and weight it. Put the beakers on
the hot plate for the evaporation process. At the same time, the samples (only solid) in the
beakers are put on the hot plate for the evaporation process. After the samples are evaporates
and cool it down, weight the beakers that have the samples of the lipid for both liquid and solid.
 RESULTS

Foods Weight Weight of Weight of Weight of Weight of beaker Weight lost % Lipid extraction /
of beaker with crushed beaker with dried liquid from food %
beaker crushed raw raw with dried foods (with glass (weight of
(with food (with foods/g foods rod)/g lipid
glass glass rod)/g, (with glass Before After extracted)/g Solid Liquid
rod)/g W1 rod)/g, W5 heat, W3 heat, W4
Potato 66.826 68.828 2.002 47.245 60.819 57.434 3.385 31.4 5.57
chips
Chocolate 72.927 74.904 1.977 53.496 50.088 48.186 1.902 28.6 3.80
chips
Biscuit 66.366 68.331 1.965 46.644 48.846 45.696 3.150 31.7 6.45
Sunflower 68.019 70.088 2.069 48.166 49.263 46.214 3.049 31.3 6.19
seed
Soy Bean 73.101 75.120 2.019 53.477 32.819 28.903 3.916 28.8 11.9

Table1: Extraction of lipid

DATA ANALYSIS

1) From petroleum ether (liquid), used this formula:

3 4
% = 100%
3

I. Potato chips
60.819 57.434
% = 100 %
60.819
= 5.57 %
II. Chocolate chips
50.088 48.186
% = 100 %
50.088
= 3.80 %
III. Biscuit
48.846 45.696
% = 100 %
48.846
= 6.45 %
IV. Sunflower seeds
49.263 46.214
% = 100 %
49.263
= 6.19 %
V. Soy bean
32.819 28.903
% = 100 %
32.819
= 11.9 %
 2) From solid

% = 100%

1 5
= 100%
1
I. Potato chips
68.828 47.245
% = 100 %
68.828
= 31.4 %
II. Chocolate chips
74.904 53.496
% = 100 %
74.904
= 28.6 %
III. Biscuit
68.331 46.644
% = 100 %
68.331
= 31.7 %
IV. Sunflower seeds
70.088 48.166
% = 100 %
70.088
= 31.3 %
V. Soy bean
75.120 53.477
% = 100 %
75.120
= 28.8 %

DISCUSSIONS

From this experiment, we are separated the samples to two parts which is in solid
condition and liquid condition. So, we can calculate the percentage of the lipid in two states. On
this situation, we can know which state of the lipid will give higher percentage in foods.

From the liquid state, soy bean have the most percentage of lipid extracted, which is 11.9
%, it is followed by biscuit (6.45 %), sunflower seeds (6.19 %), and potato chips (5.57 %).
Chocolate chips have the least percentage of lipids extracted which is 3.80 %. So, we should take
a small amount of soy bean in the liquid state as it have higher lipid in content. For the others
food samples also, we should take a small amount for our own good health.

From the solid state, biscuit have the most percentage of lipid extracted, which is 31.7 %,
it is followed by potato chips (31.4 %), sunflower seeds (31.3 %) and soy bean (28.8 %). In this
state, chocolate chips have the least percentage of lipids extracted which is 28.6 %. So, we
should take a small amount of biscuit in the solid state as it have higher lipid in content.

In this experiment, we say that soy bean has the higher percentage of lipid when it is in
the liquid state while in the solid state, it has the lower percentage of lipid. As the soy bean in
the dried condition which is solid state, it has the lower calories in content.

From the samples foods, we can say that chocolate chips always have the lower
percentage of lipid than the other food even it is in the both state (liquid and solid). So, we
should choose chocolate chips as our best foods from the other samples foods that we used. As
we know, low lipid in food is good for our health.
CONCLUSION

In conclusion, we can know the percentage of lipid in the food whether in solid state or
liquid state by carry out this experiment wisely. So, from this experiment, we can say that
chocolate chips has the lower lipid in content whether in solid state or liquid state, so, it is not
give harmful effect to our health as we know the lower lipid is good for our body.

REFERENCES

https://www.scribd.com/document/332041699/extractionofinvisiblelipid

http://upsilearning.blogspot.my/2016/10/food-science-lab-report-lipid-analysis.html