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GROUP MEMBERS:
TUTOR
MS SUJATAVANI GUNASAGARAN
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION
2.0 DESIGN ANALYSIS
3.0 PRECEDENT STUDIES
4.0 DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
5.0 DESIGN CONSIDERATION
6.0 JOINTS AND CONNECTIONS
7.0 LOAD AND FORCE
8.0 CONSTRUCTION PROCESS
9.0 CONCLUSION
REFERENCE
APPENDIX
1.0 Introduction
In this project, five of us chose Tetrahedron and Triangular Prism as our
skeletal form to construct our temporary bus shelter in a scale of 1:5.
Although Triangular form is the most stable construction form due to its
inherent structural characteristic, the consideration of using Bamboo in
our design becomes our most challenging decision. Compared to other
construction methods by using nuts and bolts for connections, we are
going to use traditional joints used in bamboo construction to connect
each of the primary and secondary supports, from the foundation to the
roof and some minor materials to enhance its strength, such as concrete
to hold the bamboos primary support.
Our decision is to prove Bamboo can be widely used in light construction
such as a bus shelter by replacing materials like wood and metal. By
utilising traditional bamboo joints, its structure also can be easily
dismantled.
2.0 Design Analysis
There are two aspects our group looked into before constructing our temporary bus shelter:
1. Form of the bus shelter
2. Material (Focus on Bamboo)
2.1 Form
The reason of choosing Tetrahedron and Triangular Prism to design our bus shelter is based
on the triangle inherent structural characteristic in the form. Compare to square, the end points of
triangle can transfer high amount of forces due to its rigidness without deformation. So, triangles
often used as trusses in bridges or as others support structures in the building.
Our group chooses Bamboo as our main material for our project to show that the shape and material can perform well together.
Due to Bamboos growth cycle, it can grow more than one metre in a single day, and it can reach its maximum height within the first six months. For
Bamboo to be used in construction, it needs 3 years to develop its strengths and five to six years to fully mature. Compare to normal trees growth,
Bamboo can be harvested faster and solve the shortage of some materials. Bamboo has its own advantages and disadvantages as follow:
Advantages Disadvantages
Bamboo is an extremely strong fibre Joining Techniques are limited however the development of more effective
Highly flexible methods Is still being researched
Low-cost and environmentally friendly Flammability Bamboo structures are not fire resistant and the cost of
Light weight compared to steel treatment is high
Shock absorbing and thus earthquake resistant Bamboo has a round profile therefore connections are pretty complicated.
Bamboo can prevent pollution by absorbing large Bamboo is hollow there is no material to tighten the middle to the cane
amounts of nitrogen from waste water Bamboo is not suitable for loads in cross direction because there are no
It also reduces the amount of CO2 in the air cross fibres
Bamboo is a natural material that varies in diameter length and quality
according to the climate.
The density of fibres in cross section of a bamboo shell varies with thickness
as well as in height so it is not constant
Bamboo is more prone to insect attacks than other trees and grasses
3.0 Precedent Studies
We got some inspiration from a series of precedents
Bamboo Structure
1. Restaurant at Greenville, Jarkata, Indonesia- DSA+s
We admired the aesthetics of bamboo used and how the bamboo was standing on the
concrete foundation that came out from ground to prevent from water.
The usage of a wide and also high roof for allowing to wind flow freely through the
restaurant. The roof cover also made from bamboo, which is assembled with coupling
system. The system is used for preventing water dripping, and for protecting cracking
which usually happened when bamboo is being exposed directly to the sun.
Bamboo used for construction should be a light brown hue. This ensures that the plant is at least
3 years old
Avoid bamboo thats cut in spring or early summer these batches are generally weaker due to
increased fibre moisture content
Foundation
Concrete Formula Applied & Concrete mix proportions
The bamboo trusses are first coated with 2 3 layers of rubber tree oil. The oil helps to protect the bamboo from moisture.
Bamboo has to be treated against insect attack these are to be soaked in a solution of borax and boric acid. Fifty grams of each chemical for every litre
of water. Soaking time typically takes 3 days.
another method can be used where the bamboo is soaked in an alum solution for 30 minutes to preserve them for 15 years.
Roof
In our model, we use PVC corrugated cardboard sheet to represent polycarbonate corrugated roofing.
The reasons for choosing this material is due to its many advantages:-
Uv resistance
High plasticity PVC Corrugated Board to
Light and heat resistance (Metallic Sunstop) represent actual material
Good thermal insulation
Lightweight
Fire resistance
High degree of transparency
Impact resistance and unbreakable
Easy transportation
Virtually Unbreakable
http://www.deskylight.com.my/product-polycarbonate
4.0 Design Development
Initially we had planned to use a cylinder & a rectangular prism as our base forms
We collectively drew some sketches as well as made a few mock up models.
However, we found that it was going to be a tough process to apply bamboo into a cylindrical form structure as bamboo needs to be bent and curved at
times with special machinery
So instead we used more rigid forms such and a tetrahedron and a rectangular prism as they seem easier to work with
Another reason why we chose to work with bamboo is that we wanted to create a structure that is not only made out of sustainable materials but also a
structure that doesnt depend on a lot of additional materials meaning a structure that depends solely on locking and interlocking joints.
Stage 1 Initial Form of Bus shelter identified some difficulties due to securing the 3 structures together
from shear weight plus too many unnecessary members
Stage 3
Stability was reinforced after adding horizontal, slanted, benches on either ends of the structure
connected to a third main structure in the middle (which visually shows a division of each structure)
This is a unique feature we considered and reinforced stability greatly. Our final 1:5 scale structure is based on this design
Initial Mock-up
scheme model refined
4.1 Technical Drawing and Terminology
Rafter
Batten
Timber Decking
PLAN
Column
Concrete Foundation
FRONT ELEVATION
White PVC Corrugated Board Roofing
Column
Timber Decking
REAR ELEVATION
Batten
Rafter
SIDE ELEVATION
5.0 Design Consideration
There are a few requirements in the brief to build the temporary bus shelter:
1. Bus shelter should able to occupy 5 people
2. Weather Resistant
Main Structure
In this model, we were using sawing and drilling to make bamboos joineries.
Three different cut which are One Ear, Beveled and Flute Mouth were applied in the model.
Joining Two Ear with vertical elements, Joining bamboo with dowel is to fix the position of the strcuture and also lashing around
which at the part of column and rafter. it. Inserting wedge between the bamboos is to advoid movement while lashing.
LEGEND
PRIMARY
SECONDARY
PLAN
2. http://inhabitat.com/indian-students-make-bamboo-bus-stop/
3. Green, L. (2013, February 23). SCOUT PIONEERING. Retrieved October 02, 2016,
from https://scoutpioneering.com/tag/what-kind-of-rope-for-lashing/
3. Stphane Schrder. 2009. Bamboo Joints and Joinery Techniques. Retrieved September 30, 2016,
from http://www.guaduabamboo.com/working-with-bamboo/joining-bamboo.
4. Schrder, S. (2016, May 04). Bamboo Lashing Techniques. Retrieved September 30, 2016,
from https://www.bambooimport.com/en/blog/bamboo-lashing-techniques
Appendix
All designs and development sketches
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