1.

Romanticism (60 points)

You will be asked to talk about 19C Romanticism. Your answer should include:

How the century progressed

a description of the general tenets of Romanticism (in all arts)

o value individual over collective.
o Nature, emotion over logic, superstition
o Reaction to enlightenment
o Nationalism who?
o Program
o Modified classical forms ex Schubert add themes
o
a detailed explanation of the main musical elements of Romanticism and how these
manifest in Romantic era music; your answer should cover: form, harmony and
genres
o harmony more chords, alternatives to I-V relationship,
o harmony Beethoven 3rd relations
o form chorus added to symphony,
o Mendelssohn concert overture
o Berlioz symphonie fantastique (programmatic symphony w program
notes and about a story)
o Liszt symphonic poem
o Harmony deebussy and wagner, - harmonies as color rather than a
functional structure.
an ability to cite specific composers and works to illustrate your points.

2.
Nationalism (70 points)
You will be asked to talk about Nationalism in 19C and 20C music. Your answer should
include:

the historical background to the rise of nationalist sentiment across Europe in the
19C
Conflicts of the nineteenth century and early twentieth century
End of 18th French rev, napoleon declaring himself empire and rampaging across Europe.
 French rev made Europe realize that people can in fact overthrow their leaders,
inspiring other nations to do the same. 1848 wave of revolutions across Europe., instability
continued for rest of century, culminating in ww1 1914-1918

o
the ways in which music can exhibit nationalist elements
The use of folk song, used strictly (transcription), assimilated (something that sounds like a folk
song)
Folk dances, using particular rhythms, (exactly or use a similar or suggestion of those rhythms)
Use of harmony, (many folk songs are modal, so using those harmonic language)
Using a particular language deliberately, setting songs in polish (chopin), Russian (Mussorgsky)
Deliberate use of particular literature, or folk tales, mythology of a particular country
Subject of warfare, tell story of particular conflict or event

specific examples of composers and works to illustrate your points.

o Make sure to use composers from many countries

3.
20C techniques (70 points)
You will be asked to talk about the various compositional techniques in use in the 20C
and 21C music. For each of the six techniques covered in class, your answer should
include:

a description of the technique itself

Serialism
Experimental music (including chance music)
Minimalism
Tonality
Electronic
Crossover

early examples of the technique citing representative composers and works

advanced examples of the technique showing how its use evolved and was adapted,
citing specific composers and works as appropriate.