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THE INSTITUTION OF ENGINEERS SRI LANKA

I~-L ENGINEER1NG COURSE -PAR'Fr-IIt(A)

312 - MECHANICS OF SOLIDS

Date: TIME ALLOWED: THREE HOURS

BEFORE ANSWERING QUESTION PAPER, READ THE INSTRUCTIONS GIVEN BELOW

o Answer only five (05) questions.

o All questions carry equal marks. No marks will be given to answers

which exceed those of five questions.

o In the cage provided on the cover page of the answer book, write the
relevant number of the question to which you answer appropriately.
Marks will not be given if this instruction is not adhered to.

o Start each answer from a new page and write the relevant question
number on this new page.

o Do not use red ink or pencils to write your answers.

o Write your Index Number clearly on the answer book

o Delete by drawing a line on the page/sin the answer book, where you
have material which do not require the attention of the examiner.
Question 01

An aluminnm~J\~y panel of width 100 mm was found to contain a 3 mri1'1ong'~dge crack oriented normal
to the applied stress after 2 years of service. The material properties of Aluminum panel and the service
conditions are as follows.
Fracture toughness of alloy = 30 MN/m2 and the component was designed to withstand one startup/shut
down 5000 cycles per day for 20 years (assuming there are 250 operating days per year), the cyclic stress
,
range is 0 to 60 MN/m2, rate of crack growth has the form da/dN = 3.3xlO- o(f..K)35, where 'a' crack size
in (m), 'N'- number a/cycles and 'f..K' is given in MN/m3/2

i) Comment on the safety of the product of which the panel is an integral part. (10 Marks)
ii) State how the safety is affected if the crack was found to originate from a rivet hole.
(10 Marks)
Take K = 1.12(J..j1[li for a n edge crack and K = 3.36(J..j1[li for a crack originating from a rivet hole.

Question 02

i) Explain why electrical resistance strain gauges are popular for strain measurements.
(04 Marks)
ii) Describe briefly how you would experimentally determine the principal stresses present in a
machine element under the action of a complex stress system, with the aid of a strain gauge.
(06 Marks)
iii) The state of strain at a point on a bracket is measured using the strain rosette arrangement shown
in Fig.Q2.

Fig.Q2

The readings [rom the respective strain gauges are

. = 225xlO-3 , b = 220xlO-3 , c = 130xlO-3
Determine the in-plane principal strains and the directions along which they act at the point under
consideration. (10 Marks)
 Question 03:

c~_ __ -~ __

a) State the Airy's stress function for a 2-D state of stress (05 Marks)

b) A large thin plate is subjected to uniform tensile stress Go at its ends as shown in Fig.Q3.
Determine the field of stress existing within the plate in polar coordinates.

Stress function ~ = Goi/2

y

Go
x

Fig.Q3

(15 Marks)

Question 04:

For small displacement plain strain, the strain components in the plate ABCD in shown
Fig.Q4, in terms of the x-y coordinate system are:

&n = Cy(L - x) &yy =Dy(L-x) &xy =-(C+D)(A- y2)

,
where A, C, D are known constants. The displacement components u and v at (x,y) =(0, 0)

are u (0, 0) =0, v (0, 0) =0 and the slope ox / oy = 0 at x=y=O. Determine v and u as

function of x and y
y

B,r tV~ U Ie

A D x
Fig.Q4 (20 Marks)
 Question 05:

..

a) Write down the properties of stress tensor (05 Marks)

b) The stress tensor for a three dimensional stress system is given below. Determine the
magnitudes of three principle stresses and the Eigen vectors of major principle stress.

80 15 10

15 a 25

15 25 a (15 Marks)

Question 06:

a) Explain yield criteria for a ductile material. (04 Marks)

b) When the load that act on the hub of a fly wheel reaches their working values, the non-
zero stress components at the critical point in the hub, where yield is initiated are,
O";rx = 100 MPa 0" yy = -14 MPa O"xy = 50 MPa. The load-stress relations are linear so
that the factor of safety can be applied to either the loads or stress components. The fly
wheel material has a yield stress Y = 300 MPa .
I. Assuming the material is 'Tresca material', determine the factor of safety against
the yield. (06 Marks)
II. Assuming the material is 'Von-Misses material', determine the factor of safety
against the yield. (06 Marks)
111. Determine which criterion, Tresca or Von-Misses, is more conservative.
(04 Marks)
 Question 07:

"

The slope and the deflectI~n of circular plates under various loading and support conditions are
given by the fundamental deflection equation given below.

;l~
;t)J =-; in usual notations.

Show that the maximum deflection of a circular plate of radius R and thickness t with central
concentrated load F and edges clamped, can be given by,

2
y = 3FR (1+v2)
max 47rEt3

(20 Marks)

Question 08:

a) Write shorts notes on each of the following.

i) Stress relaxation
ii) Creep test
iii) Stress concentration factor
(12 Marks)
b) List the main components of the plane polariscope (04 Marks)
c) Describe the difference between isoclinics and isochromatics (04 Marks)

ALL RIGHTS RESEVERD

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