1.

Primary benefits Noise immunity,error detection and correctioncompatibilty with time-division

multiplexing, it uses digital ics which is smaller, and it uses DSP (digital signal processing. The most
important is DSP because you cannot send a digital signal without DSP.

3. A/D conversion

5. digitizing a signal or encoding

7. it is a stairstep voltage which is an approximation to the actual analog signal.

9 . aliasing happens if the sampling frequency is not high enough or less than twice the input frequency
then it causes a new signal near the original to be created which has a frequency of Fs Fm (sampling
frequency - modulating frequency) and it will be the output in the D/A converter when it is converted
back into an analog signal

11. 3 types of A\D

a. sigma delta converters (oversampling converters)

b. Pipelined Converters

c.flash converter

d. Successive approximation converters

what is widely used converter ? sigma delta converter

13. fastest type of A/D converter = flash converter.

15. serial/deserializer (ic transceiver) or also known as SerDes

17.

19. companding (compressingand expanding)

21. 3 basic type of pulse modulation. PAM is not binary

23. Weighted current source DAC

25.

27. Why capacitor d/a are preferred over r2r network

29. How aliasing is prevented

31.Describe briefly the techniques known as DSP.

33

35. 5 common processing operations filtering, compression, spectrum analysis, signal averaging,
equalization, companding, phase shifting.

Most commonly implemented DSP application- filtering

37.

2. 2^ 12 -1= 4095 discrete elements

5/4095 =1.22 mV

4. 2^14-1=16383

3/16383= 0.183 mV

6. Enob = (sinad -1.76)/ 6.02 =(83 1.76)/6.02 = 13.49 or 13bits