Stress variation in a general body

If the force is distributed uniformly over the area:

Thin-walled pressure vessels:
Sphere:
Vertical equilibrium:
Assume: the hoop stress is uniform
across the cross-section.
The radial stress is small and can be
neglected.
Closed-ended cylinder:

Assume that the stress is uniform across the cross-section only if:
Thin hollow cylinder under torsion :
Statically indeterminate system:
Beam bending

From the moment-curvature equation

Compatibility/ boundary conditions

This gives 1 more equation in terms of R and Mo