II yr/III Sem/Mech/EEE 2 Marks with Answers Unit-II

Unit II : AC Machines
1. What are the 2 types of 3phase induction motor?
Squirrel cage and slip ring induction motor.

2. Write two extra features of slip ring induction motor?

Rotor has 3-phase winding. Extra resistance can be added in rotor circuit for
improving PF with the help of three slip rings.
3. Why an induction motor is called as rotating transformer?
The rotor receives same electrical power in exactly the same way as the
secondary of a two winding transformer receiving its power from primary.
That is why induction motor is called as rotating transformer.
4. Why an induction motor never runs at its synchronous speed?
If the motor runs at sync. speed then there would be no relative speed between
the two, hence no rotor emf, so no rotor current, then no rotor torque to
maintain rotation.
5. What are slip rings?
The slip rings are made of copper alloys and are fixed around the shaft
insulating it. Through these slip rings and brushes rotor winding can be
connected to external circuit.
6. What are the advantages of cage motor?
Since the rotor have low resistance, the copper loss is low and efficiency
is very high. On account of simple construction of rotor it is mechanically robust,
initial cost is less, maintenance cost is less, simple starting arrangement.
7. Give the condition for maximum torque for 3phase induction motor,
when it is
running?
The rotor resistance and reactance should be same for max.torque i.e.
R2=Sx2
8. List out the method for speed control of 3phase cage type induction motor?
By changing supply frequency
By changing no of poles
By operating the two motors in cascade
9. Name the two winding of single phase induction motor?
Running and starting winding.
10. What are methods available for making single phase induction motor a self
starting?
By slitting the single phase, by providing shading coil in the poles.
11. What is the function of capacitor in single phase induction motor?
To make phase difference between starting and running winding, to improve
PF and to get more torque.
12. State any 4 use of single phase induction motor?
Fans, wet grinders, vacuum cleaner, small pumps, compressors, drills.
13. What kind of motors used in ceiling fan and wet grinders?
Ceiling fan - Capacitor start and capacitor run single phase induction motor,
wet grinders - Capacitor start capacitor run single phase induction motor.
14. What is the application of shaded pole induction motor?
Because of its small starting torque, it is generally used for small toys,
instruments, hair driers, ventilators.etc.
15. In which direction a shaded pole motor runs?
The rotor starts rotation in the direction from unshaded part to the shaded part.
16. Why single phase induction motors have low PF?
The current through the running winding lags behind the supply voltage by

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II yr/III Sem/Mech/EEE 2 Marks with Answers Unit-II

large angle so only single phase induction motor have low PF.
17. Differentiate between capacitor start & Capacitor start capacitor run
single Phase induction motor (IM)?
Capacitor start capacitor run is connected series with starting winding, but it
will be disconnected from supply when motor pick up its speed. Capacitor
start capacitor run- starting winding and capacitor will not be disconnected
from supply even though motor pickup its speed.
18. Explain why single phase induction motor is not a self starting one?
When motor fed supply from single phase, its stator winding produces an
alternating flux, which doesnt develops any torque.
19. Define slip in an IM?
The slip of an IM is defined as the ratio of difference between sync. speed (Ns)
and rotor speed (N) to the sync. speed.
s= (Ns N)/ Ns
20. Define slip speed in an IM?
The slip speed is defined as the difference in speed between the rotating
magnetic field produced by stator (Ns) and rotor speed (N).
21. What is the speed of the rotor field in space?
The speed of the rotor field in space is speed of rotating field.
22. What is sync. speed in 3-phase IM?
Ns = 120f/p
Where f- supply frequency
P- No of poles on the stator.
23. List the various methods of speed control of 3 phase IM?
Types of stator side control
1. Stator voltage control
2. Stator frequency control
3. v/f control
4. pole changing method
24. In which type of motor can resistance be introduced in the rotor circuit?
What is the effect of it?
Slip ring IM.
Effects:
1. starting torque increased
2. starting current decreased
3. motor speed can be controlled
25. Why the slots on the IM are usually skewed?
In order to obtain a uniform torque, reduce the magnetic locking of the stator
and rotor and reduce the magnetic humming noise while running.
26. What are the types of poly phase IM?
1. Squirrel cage IM
2. Slip ring IM
27. What will be the effect when stator voltage and freq of a IM are reduced
proportionally?
1. Motor speed increases
2. Maximum torque is constant
28. What is slip power recovery scheme?
Slip power can be returned to the supply source and can be used to supply an
additionalmotor which is mechanically coupled to the main rotor. This type of
drive is known as slip power recovery system and improves overall efficiency of
the system.
29. Describe the main parts of a single phase induction motor.

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II yr/III Sem/Mech/EEE 2 Marks with Answers Unit-II

The single phase induction motor has two main parts. They are the stator and the rotor. The
stator is made up of laminated sheets and has slots on the inner periphery to carry the stator winding or
the main winding. The main winding is excited by a single phase ac supply. The rotor is of squirrel cage
type which has number of conducting bars short circuited at the two ends using end rings.

30. What is synchronous speed?

The speed at which the rotating magnetic field rotates is called the synchronous speed,
which is given by,

120 f
N s
rpm
P
where f is the frequency of ac supply and P is the number of poles on stator.

31. What is slip of an induction motor? Give its importance.

The ratio of the difference between the synchronous speed and the normal running speed of
the induction motor to the synchronous speed is called the slip of an induction motor.

N N
s
s

N s

32. State double field revolving theory.

The double field revolving theory states that, any alternating quantity can be resolved into
two rotating components, which rotate in opposite directions and each having a magnitude as half of the
maximum magnitude of the alternating quantity.

33. What is the direction in which the rotor of single phase induction motor rotates? Give reason.
The rotor of a single phase induction motor rotates in the direction of the rotating magnetic
field.
The cause producing the rotation in the rotor is the relative speed between the rotating
magnetic field and the rotor. According to Lenzs law the rotor rotation will oppose the cause, hence it
rotates in the same direction as the rotating magnetic field so that the relative speed can be reduced. But
the rotor can never rotate at synchronous speed because if the rotor rotates at synchronous speed the
relative speed which is the cause producing the rotation will become zero and the motor will come to
halt.

34. What is the necessary condition to obtain a rotating magnetic field?

To obtain the rotating magnetic field there should be at-least two alternating fluxes present.
The resultant of two or more alternating fluxes will be a rotating magnetic field.

35. How can we obtain rotating magnetic field in a single phase induction motor?
We can obtain rotating magnetic field in a single phase induction motor by introducing an
auxiliary winding called the starting winding which produces additional alternating flux at some phase
angle.

36. Why is the single phase induction motor not self starting?
The single phase induction motor is not self starting because of the absence of a rotating
magnetic field. Since it is operated on single phase, there exists only one flux which is alternating in
nature. But for the motor to start there should be a rotating magnetic field.

37. What are the types of single phase induction motors?

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II yr/III Sem/Mech/EEE 2 Marks with Answers Unit-II

There are four main types of single phase induction motors. They are,
a) Split phase induction motor
b) Capacitor start induction motor
c) Capacitor start capacitor run induction motor
d) Shaded pole induction motor

38. Why is the starting torque of a capacitor start induction motor high, when compared to that of a split
phase induction motor?
The starting torque of the single phase induction motor is directly proportional to the phase
angle between the currents carried by the two windings, namely the main winding and the starting
winding. Split phase induction motor uses a highly resistive starting coil, which gives the phase angle
nearly 90. But in capacitor start induction motor, the phase angle obtained is greater than 90. Hence
the starting torque is still higher in this type.

39. What is a stepper motor?

Stepper motor is an electromechanical device which actuates a train of step movements of
shaft in response to train of input pulse. The step movement may be angular or linear.

40. What is a step angle? How is it calculated in a variable reluctance stepper motor?
The angle through which the motor turns or shaft moves for each pulse is known as the step
angle, expressed in degrees.
The step can also be defined as the angular displacement of the rotor in response to each
input pulse. The step angle in variable reluctance stepper motor is given by,

360
s

qN r
where, q is the number of phases and Nr is the number of rotor poles.

41. What are the types of stepper motors?

The various types of stepper motors are,
a) Variable reluctance stepper motors
b) Permanent magnet stepper motors
c) Hybrid stepper motors

42. How will you calculate the number of poles required in the rotor of a variable reluctance stepper
motor?
The number of poles required in a rotor is,

N s
N r
N s




q

where, Ns is the number of poles in the stator and q is the number of phases.
43. Give the expression for Torque developed in a variable reluctance stepper motor.
The torque developed in a variable reluctance stepper motor is given by,

1 dL
Tm
2
i Nm
2 d
where L is the inductance of the relevant phase at an angle .

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II yr/III Sem/Mech/EEE 2 Marks with Answers Unit-II

44. Define rotor tooth pitch in a variable reluctance stepper motor.

The distance through which the rotor moves when all three phases are excited once is called
one rotor tooth pitch.(RTP)

360
RTP
N r
45. Give the advantages of a variable reluctance stepper motor.
The advantages of a variable reluctance stepper motor are,
d) High torque to inertia ratio
e) High rates of acceleration
f) Simple and low cost machine
g) Fast dynamic response
h) Rotor construction is robust

46. List out the applications of stepper motors.

The applications of stepper motor are,
i) Compatible to digital circuit, hence widely used in computer peripherals such as printers,
Floppy disc drives, etc.
j) Numeric control machine tools
k) Robotic control systems
l) Watches

47. Define Holding torque, Critical torque and limiting torque.

The holding torque is defined as the maximum static torque that can be applied to the shaft
of an excited motor without causing a continuous rotation.
The critical torque is defined as the maximum load torque at which rotor does not move
when an exciting winding is energized. This is also called pullout torque.
The limiting torque is defined as the maximum load torque at which motor follows the
control pulse without missing any step. This is also called pull in torque.

48. What is slewing rate?

The slewing rate is defined as the maximum rate at which the motor can step uni-
directionally.

49. What is the function of capacitor in a single-phase induction motor?

I. To make more phase difference between the starting and running winding. ii. To improve the power
factor and to get more torque.

50. Give the names of three different types of single-phase motor.

I. Split phase motor
ii. Shaded pole motor.
iii. Single phase series motor. iv. Repulsion motor.

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