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CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM
BY:
Equilibrium expressions
Conversion of Kc and Kp
Example :
Vaporization of water in a
closed container
1 Closed system
aA + bB cC + Dd
For a reaction in equilibrium, the equilibrium
constant ,Kc is given by the equilibrium law.
Kc = [product] = [C]c[D]d
[reactant] [A]a[B]b
[SO3]2
Kc =
[O2]2[O2]
Unit of Kc :
(mol
dm-3)2
(mol
dm-3)2(mol
dm-3) =
dm3 mol-1
For a reaction, the equilibrium constant for the
forward reaction is Kfwd and the equilibrium
constant for the reverse reaction is Krev.
Kfwd
aA + bB cC + dD
Krev
1
Kfwd = or Kfwd x Krev = 1
Krev
The range of equilibrium constants
small
K intermediate
K
Very
little
Significant
amount
large
K
product
of
reactant
and
Very
little
product
reactant
[C]c[D]d
K= aA + bB cC + dD
[A]a[B]b
Equilibrium Will
[CH3COO-][H3O+]
Kc = [H2O] = constant
[CH3COOH][H2O]
[CH3COO-][H3O+]
Kc = = Kc [H2O]
[CH3COOH]
Example:
CaCO3 (s) CaO (s) + CO2 (g)
Expression of Kc for heterogeneous system
[CaO][CO2]
Kc = [CaCO3] = constant
[CaCO3] [CaO] = constant
[CaCO3]
Kc = [CO2] = Kc x Kp = PCO
[CaO] 2
Kp = Kc (RT)n(gas)
Q =
[C]c[D]d Qfwd = 1
[A]a[B]b Qrev
The change in Q during the N2O4-NO2 reaction
At
equilibrium
EXERCISE 5
Write the reaction quotient, Qc for the decomposition of
dinitrogen pentoxide
Qoverall = Q1 x Q2 x Q3 x ..
Koverall = K1 x K2 x K3 x ..
Example:
In one experiment, 1.00 mol of CH4, 1.00 mol of CS2, 2.00 mol
of H2S, and 2.00 mol of H2 are mixed in a 250-mL vessel at
960oC. At this temperature, Kc = 0.036.
Remove Remove
Add Add
aA + bB cC + dD
A+B C+D
How does the
Disturbance equilibrium mixture The result
respond?
Concentration of
A increases
Concentration of
D increases
Concentration of
D decreases
A+B C+D
How does the equilibrium
Disturbance The result
mixture respond?
Disturbance +0.075
Change -x -x +x
What happens to
TAKE NOTE!!!!!!
does not change K
does not change equilibrium constant
does not shift the position of an equilibrium
system
SUMMARY
OF
LE
CHATELIERS
PRINCIPLE