Animalia

Non-Chordates Chordates

(Notochord is absent ) ( Notochord is present at

least in some stages of
development )
Porifera

Coelenterate

Platyhelminthes

Aschelminthes

Annelida

Mollusca

Echinodermata

Hemichordates

Urochordate Cephalochordates Vertebrate

( Notochord is present only at ( Upto tip of head ) ( Notochord modify

Larval stages) into vertebral column

On the basis of Jaws

Agnathostomate (Jaws absent)

Gnathostomate (Jaws present)

Pisces (by fins) Tetrapodes (by four limbs)

Chondrichthyes Amphibia, reptilia, aves, mamallia

Osteichthyes
 Non chordates

Porifera
Porifera ( porus means pore and ferre means to bear )
Lowest multicellular animals
Division of labour is found i.e. cells are morphologically and physiologically
distinguished into several types.
Till now 10,000 species are known out of which only 150 are fresh water.
Example: leucosolenia, Olynthus, spongilla.

Leucosolenia (member of porifera)

Colonies are delicate and fixed, white or dull grey in colour

Colonies are 1-2 cm tall, vase shaped, tube like standing as upright tubes, form an
irregular network of thin tubes called stolons.

Anatomy:

Symmetry: - Radially symmetrical

Body cavity: - spongocoel
Opening at free end called osculum
Body wall is perforated by numerous minute pores called Ostia.

Histology:

Body wall: - diploblastic i.e. ectoderm and endoderm is present.

In adults a jelly like mesohyl, serve for cementing them.
The outer and inner embryonic layers are respectively called dermal and gastral layers.
In sponges spicules serve as skeleton to support body wall. Cells are irregular in shape.
Different cells are differentiated according to their functions.
1. Archaeocytes: totipotent cells cells which can differentiate into any other
type of cell, including sex cells.
2. Chromocytes: pigmented granules, some kind of excretory cells
3. Other cells: scleroblasts, myoblast, gland cells etc

Skeleton: formed of calcium carbonate, can triradiate, quadriradiate etc

Canal system:

it is an imporatant feature of poriferas

In this water enters through ostia into spongoceal and leave through osculum
 1. Ascon example lecosolenia
2. Sycon example scypha
3. Leucon example comples sponges
1. Ascon : flow of water current
Ostia spongocoel osculum
2. Sycon: develop from folding of ascon type

Ostia posopyles radial canals apopyles spongocoel osculum

3. Leucon: form by folding of sycon type

Dermal pores (ostia) incurrent canals prosopyles flagellated -
chambers apopyles excurrent canals spongocoel osculum
Fertilization in Porifera