xc

g Proj: Admin
Ref :
Tel:d Date: 24/08/17
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Racking resistance of timber framed wall panels

Assumptions
Calculations are in accordance with BS 5268 6.1, 6.2 and TDM 3rd edition.

Racking calculations of timber framed walls are made to establish the resistance of buildings to wind loading. Wind load
applied on the end of a building tends to cause distortion of the front and rear wall panels and their resistance to this form of
distortion is called their racking strength.

The racking resistance of a timber panel is determined by the shear load per m applied to the base length of FULL HEIGHT
timber panels.

This also assumes that the panel remains in contact with its base support so panel uplift must be avoided. Positive fixity of the
panel to its support usually requires straps to fix sole plates and particularly end studs to the base.

Input details
Building type - Buildings other than dwellings not exceeding four storeys
Wall panel type - Panel supporting side UDL
Height of wall panel H = 2.5 m
Length of wall panel L = 3m
Height of opening H = 0m
w
Width of opening L = 0m
w
Masonry veneer contributes to racking resistance
Wall tie density = Equal to or greater than 4.4 ties/m2
Overturning check included.

Applied vertical load P = 5 kN

Applied side load R = 4 kN
f
Factor of safety against overturning FOS = 1.2

Primary Secondary
Type of sheathing Category 3 Category 2
Weight per unit area = 0.055 = 0.055 kN/m2
p s
Proposed board thickness T = 9.5 T = 9.5 mm
bp bs
Proposed nail diameter D = 2.65 D = 3 mm
np ns
Proposed perimeter spacing S = 150 S = 150 mm
pp ps

Width of stud b = 75 mm
Depth of stud d = 100 mm
Spacing of studs scrs = 400 mm
Density of timber stud = 5.4 kN/m3
sd
Applied base shear load Fbs = R /L
f
= 4/3
= 1.33 kN/m length of panel

Racking resistance calculation (Assessment method)

Basic racking resistance R = 0.9 kN/m (Table2 of BS 5268-6.2)
bp
Secondary board contribution R = 0.45 kN/m (Table2 of BS 5268-6.2)
bs
Total area of wall A = H*L
t
= 2.5*3
= 7.5 m2
Material modification factors ( K ) for primary sheathing
mp
Nail diameter factor K = 1
201p
Nail spacing factor K = 1
202p
B = T /tbp
p bp
= 9.5/12.5
= 0.76
Board thickness factor K = (2.8*B -B 2-0.8)
203p p p
= (2.8*0.76-(0.76)2-0.8)
= 0.75
Material modification factor for primary sheathing
K = K *K *K
mp 201p 202p 203p
= 1*1*0.75
= 0.75
Material modification factors ( K ) for secondary sheathing
ms
Nail diameter factor K = D /3
201s ns
= 3/3
= 1
Nail spacing factor K = 1/(0.6*(S /sps)+0.4)
202s ps
= 1/(0.6*(150/75)+0.4)
= 0.63
B = T /tbs
s bs
= 9.5/12.5
= 0.76
Board thickness factor K = (2.8*B -B 2-0.8)
203s s s
= (2.8*0.76-(0.76)2-0.8)
= 0.75
Material modification factor for secondary sheathing
K = K *K *K
ms 201s 202s 203s
= 1*0.63*0.75
= 0.47
Wall modification factors ( K )
w
Shape factor K = (L/H)0.4
204
= (3/2.5)0.4
= 1.08
Area of framed opening A = 0 m2
a
Framed opening factor K = (1-1.3*(A /A ))2
205 a t
= (1-1.3*(0/7.5))2
= 1
Uniformly distributed load F = P/L
= 5/3
= 1.67 kN/m
Vertical load factor K = 1+((0.09*F-0.0015*F2)*(2.4/L)0.4)
206
= 1+((0.09*1.67-0.0015*(1.67)2)*(2.4/3)0.4)
= 1.13
Interaction factor K = 1.1
207
Wall modification factor K = K *K *K *K
w 204 205 206 207
 = 1.08*1*1.13*1.1
= 1.34

Racking resistance of wall panel R = (R *K +R *K )*L*K

s bp mp bs ms w
= (0.9*0.75+0.45*0.47)*3*1.34
= 3.57 kN
Masonry veneer contribution to racking resistance at 0.5 kN/m (Cl.4.10)
Length of brickwork L = L-L
b w
= 3-0
= 3m
Brickwork capacity R = L *0.5
br b
= 3*0.5
= 1.5 kN
Resistance of panel and brickwork R = R +R
t1 s br
= 3.57+1.5
= 5.07 kN
Panel capacity increased by 25% R = R *1.25
t2 s
= 3.57*1.25
= 4.46 kN
Hence panel capacity R = 4.46 kN
t
(lesser of increased panel capacity by 25% and panel along with brickwork)
Applied side load R = 4 kN
f
Applied side load ( R ) is less than panel capacity ( R ). Hence panel satisfactory
f t

Over-turning checks
No. of studs across width of panel nos = INT(L*1000/scrs)+1
= INT(3*1000/400)+1
= 8
Own weight of sheathing ow = ( + )*(A -A )
p s t a
= (0.055+0.055)*(7.5-0)
= 0.83 kN
Sole/head plate length hlen = 2*L*1000
= 2*3*1000
= 6000 mm
Length of studs per panel slen = nos*(H*1000-2*b)
= 8*(2.5*1000-2*75)
= 18800 mm
Own weight of studs and sole/head stud = *(hlen+slen)*b*d/109
sd
= 5.4*(6000+18800)*75*100/109
= 1 kN
Overall weight of panel pow = stud+ow
= 1+0.83
= 1.83 kN
Combined vertical load cvl = P+pow
= 5+1.83
= 6.83 kN
Restoring moment due to vertical load
Mr = cvl*L/2
= 6.83*3/2
= 10.24 kNm
Applied over-turning moment Mot = R *0.5*H
f
= 4*0.5*2.5
= 5 kNm
Factor of safety to overturning OTFS = Mr/Mot
= 10.24/5
= 2.05
Since factor of safety against overturning is greater than FOS the panel is stable.
Note: The masonry skin is not taken into account in overturning check.

Sliding checks
Panel should now be checked for sliding resistance at the base. If timber panel is fixed directly to a concrete base then
allowance may be made of friction using a poisson's ratio of 0.3 to 0.4.
Sliding load at base = 1.33 kN/m