Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement

Recycled Asphalt Pavement

(RAP)

Atsushi Kasahara, Ph.D.

Professor Emeritus
Hokkaido University of Science

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WHAT IS RAP ?
Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) is the
term given to removed and /or reprocessed
pavement materials containing asphalt
and aggregates.

When properly crushed and screened, RAP

consists of high-quality well-graded
aggregates coated by asphalt cement.
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TYPICAL ASPHALT MIX
✔95% aggregate (approx. 30% of cost)
✔5% asphalt binder (approx. 70% of cost)

Reusing:
✔Reduces need to quarry more aggregate
✔Reduces energy/costs to produce, process,
transport aggregate
✔Reduces asphalt demand
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Recycling Method

1st Combining virgin aggregate

and new asphalt cement in a
central mixing plant.

2nd Hot in-place recycling.

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 RAP became popular in the
1970s due to the high cost of
crude oil during the Arab oil
embargo.

RAP has long history of successful

use in many countries.
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 USA
(Federal Highway Administration)
✔ Demonstration Project 39 - Asphalt Recycling
(1978-1983)

✔ Pavement Recycling Executive Summary and

Report. (1996)

✔ Pavement Recycling Guidelines for State and

Local Governments-Participant’s Reference
book. (1997)

Application of RAP and RAS in HMA, National and International Perspective on Current Practice, 6
Transportation Research CIRCULAR, E-C188, Oct. 2014, TRB
 France : 61.9%

Use available RAP in 2012

Application of RAP and RAS in HMA, National and International Perspective on Current Practice, 7
Transportation Research CIRCULAR, E-C188, Oct. 2014, TRB
 Use of available RAP in Europe in 2012

Germany : 80%
Netherland: 80%
Italy: 20%

Application of RAP and RAS in HMA, National and International Perspective on Current Practice, 8
Transportation Research CIRCULAR, E-C188, Oct. 2014, TRB
 Performance of
new HMA and RAP
in USA

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 Statistical analysis from NCAT LTPP (6-17years) study for 18 projects

(30%RAP in asphalt pavement)

Distress Virgin RAP Insignificant RAP

Parameter performed performed difference performed
significantly significantly between RAP equal or
better than better than and Virgin (%) better than
RAP (%) Virgin (%) Virgin(%)
IRI 42 39 + 19 = 58
Rutting 33 29 + 38 = 67
Fatigue
cracking 29 10 + 61 = 71
Longitudinal
racking 15 10 + 75 = 85
Transverse
cracking 32 15 + 53 = 68
Block cracking 3 1 + 96 = 97
Raveling 7 15 + 78 = 93
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RAP in Asphalt Mixtures: State of the Practice, FHWA-HRT-11-021, April 2011
Pavement age in year versus percent RAP for Florida DOT, USA,
projects with grater than 5000 tons of asphalt mix

Average life
Virgin mixtures : 11 years.
RAP(30～50%) : 10~13 years

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RAP in Asphalt Mixtures: State of the Practice, FHWA-HRT-11-021, April 2011
Recommendation for
RAP System
in Indonesia

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 Sieved (fine, coarse) & Stocked RAP in the plant

Removed

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Milled Central Crashing Plant
 Paving Paving

Asphalt Plant Asphalt Plant

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Stock Piles on Field of Central Crashing Plant

 RAP Virgin

Black Aggregates White Aggregates

(Hot ) Mixing with Asphalt Binder (Hot)

Hot Mix Asphalt with RAP 15

 Mixing Process in Mixer of
Hot RAP
(Block aggregate)
Central Asphalt Plant
Old Asphalt
Binder
New Asphalt
Binder

+
Mixing
Mixing with
New Asphalt
Binder
Hot Virgin Aggregate
(Whit aggregate)
Hot Mix Asphalt
With RAP
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 Summary
✔RAP successful use in many
countries from 1970s.
CONCLUSIONS
✔RAP performed
RAP has long history ofequal
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 or better
successful use.
Asphalt recycling is sustainable.

than Virgin HMA.
Asphalt recycling is economical.
Asphalt recycling works!


✔Asphalt recycling is sustainable.

✔Asphalt recycling is economical.
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To be comped performance
(serviceability)
between
new HMA and RAP
on test sections (same
pavement structure
and traffic condition)
in Indonesia 18