Terms—One Dollar a Year.

THE

AFRICAN REPOSITORY.
Vol. XXXIII. APRIL, 1857. No. 4.

CONTENTS.

Africa opening to Civilization and Chris- Slave and Coolies in Cuba 122
tianity—Central Africa, by Rev. T. From the Cape of Good Hope 122
J. Bowen. 97 New Jersey Colonization Society 122
Latest from Liberia—Letters from Pres. From the African Coast 123
Benson, and Rev. John Seys 118 Sugar Mill in Liberia 123
Next Expedition to Liberia 118 Eminent Liberality 123
Intelligence—Annual Report of the Iowa Death of Friend to the Society 125
State Colonization Society 119 Receipts 126

Published Monthly by the American Colonization Society.

WASHINGTON:
C. ALEXANDER, PRINTER,
NEAR WAR AND NAVY DEPARTMENTS.

POSTAGE—To any part of the united States’s, six cents: a year, if paid
quarterly or yearly in advance.
OFFICERS OF THE AMERICAN COLONIZATION SOCIETY.

President:
JOHN H. B. LATROBE, ESQ.
Corresponding Secretary :
REV. R. R. GURLEY.
Financial Secretary :
REV. W. McLAIN.
Traveling Secretary:
REV. JOHN ORCUTT.
Recording Secretary :
J. W. LUGENBEEL, M. D.
Executive Committee :
HARVEY LINDSLY, M. D.
HON. ELISHA WHITTLESEY,
JOSEPH H. BRADLEY, ESQ.
A. O. DAYTON, ESQ.
WILLIAM GUNTON, ESQ.
W. W. SEATON, ESQ.
R EV. GEORGE W. SAMSON.
 THE

AFRICAN REPOSITORY.
WASHINGTON, APRIL, 1857.

Africa opening to Civilization and Christianity.

CENTRA!,-AFRICA,BYREV.T.I. BOWEN.
EXPLORATIONOFTHENIGER. was providentially trained for the
Amongthemostremarkableand arduous service to which he felt
encouragingeventsofthe present himselfsummoned,when he as-
dayarethemultipliedandsuccess fumedtheprofessionofa minister
fulattemptstoexploreAfrica,and of Christ. To the great purpose of
by means ofcommerce and the planting the Christian church in Cen
agency ofmissionaries to awaken tralAfrica he consecratedhimself.
theintellectandindustryofherbar Onthe22dofFebruary, 1849,Mr.
barous andsemi-civilized nations, Bowenhad the satisfaction to be
andbringthemto the knowledge, appointedbytheSouthernBoardof
practiceandhopesoftheChristian Baptist Missions, a missionary to
religion. There are manycauses Sudan. Hewasaccompanied by
workingharmoniouslyandpower theRev.HerveyGoodaleandRobt.
fully for this end. Manymission- F.Hill,ayoungmanofcolor. With
aries,ofvarious denominations,in-j thesecompanionsMr.Bowensailed
spiredbyaholyenthusiasminview|j fromIJrovidence,R.I., onthe17th
ofthebeneficenceand moralgran- December, 1849, and arrived at
tleuroftheenterprise,dedicatethem Monrovia, the capital ofLiberia,
selves unhesitatinglyto its accom on the 8th ofFebruaryfollowing.
plishment.Amongtheadventurous, Delay in obtaining anearly pass
energetic and successful ofthese ageto Badagry, andignoranceof
servantsoftheMostHighandfriends!j the nature ofthe rainy season in
toAfrica,theRev.THOMASJEFFER Yoruba, induced Mr.Bowenand
SONBOWENstandsdistinguished.— hiscompanionslolandatMonrovia,
Anative ofGeorgia, but in early withtheviewofremaininguntilthe
youth engagedin military expedi nextdry season, arid after careful
tions both in Texas and Florida, he observation of the condition of
98 Central Africa. [April,

things in Liberia, subsequently to third at Ogbomoshaw,whichis fifly

penetrate to the Golah Country,miles further interior than Ijaye.
where they wereinformed was a Thefourmissionariesalreadyin the
largetown,atwhichtheyhopedto country have just been reinforced
find PulohsorFellatahs,andfrom bythreeo'hers" « » » The
\vliic,h they might pass on ifthey obstructions thrown in the wayof
pleased,bymuchfrequentedroute, accesstotheinterior by thebarba
totheNiger. Mr.Goodalediedat rians on the coast,andthefactof
Sama,thelargetownofabout] 000 the superior healihfulness of the
inhabitants in the GolahCountry, "openand elevated plains ofthe
andMr.Bowen,'afitralmostinnu interior,"arerepresentedascircum
merableandinsupernbledifficulties stanceswhichhavemateriallymod
thrownin hiswaybyLangannathe ified theplansadoptedbytheBap
king,and his surlysubjects, finally tist missionariesfortheiroperations.
returnedtoMonroviaandsai!pdfor "Weproposetorun a lineofsta
CapeCoastCastlethe20ihofJune, tionsfromLngos,onthe coast,di-
1850. Fortwo years he wasoc recily to the remoteinterior, and
cupied in visiting andexamining there to spread abroad ouropera
manypoints ofttie African coast, tionsonallsides,inahealthycoun
and the towns and cities ofthe try, amongasemi-civilized people,
Kingdom of Yornba, acquiring a justasaminerrunshisshaftdirect
knowledge of the language, and ly downto the material for which
preachingthegospel. Hereturned !heisseeking,andthenextendshis
10theUnitedStatesnearthebegin- explorations on every s-ide ofthe
ing of 1853, and with additional mine. It is mostconvenienttolo
missionaries sailedagainforAfrica cateourstationsatdistancesoffifty
on(lie6thofJulyoflliat}ear. Sincei j orsixtymilesapart,sothatmission
thattimetheworkofmis.-ionshas aries'supplies,and ourmails,may
been prosecuted by Mr.Bowen I conveniently proceedfrom one to
amongthepeopleofYoruba,with ; another. Thephysicalclmacteris-
remarkableresolution and decided I liesofSudan,asdistinguishedfrom
success. "Ourfirst station,"says Guinea,or the lowcountry,begin
Mr.Bowen,"wasfoundedinOcto a short, distancebelowAbbeokuta,
ber, 1853.at Ijaye, which is about butare notfully developedtill we
onehundredandtwentymilesfrom reach a pointa fewmilesnorthof
J-iagos,ontheseacoast,ifwetravel Awyaw. Ourlineofstations,when
byland, or onehundred and fifty completed, will piobably include
miles if weascend theOgunriver Lagos, Abbeokira, Ijaye, Au-yaiv,
toAbbeoktiia. In1855.weplanted andOgbomoshaw. Hcricew<jmny
a second station, at Lagos,anda properly spread abroad to Iwo,
1857.] 89

Idoko,Offa,Ishakki,Igboho,Ikishi, lization and Christianity. Hein

Kaiama,&C. Butstill wepropose vitedtheattentionofseveralgentle
lopushforwardtoSokatoandKano. menofbothHousesofCongressto
Wehavenodoubts as to (lie will thesubject, andonmotionofMr.
ingnessofthepeopletoreceiveus. Toombsit wasreferredforconsid
Nothingis wanting but menand erationtotheCommitteeonCom
money,andboth oftheseGodlias merce, whothrough Mr. Seward
given to our churches in abund reportedabillappropriatingtwenty-
ance." livethousanddollarsfortheobject,
Mr.Bowenreturned late in the whichwasunfortunatelylostinthe
last autumnto the United States, conferencesbetweencommitteesof
hisownhealihhavingsufferedfrom thetwoHousesonthelastnightof
a tropica] climate and excessive thesession. Butthismeasuremust
labor,andthat ofMrs.Bowenstill soon be carried into effect. The
moreseverely. Hisrecent visit to statementsofMr.Bowenhavemade
Washingtonafforded him the op aprofoundimpression. Theycome
portunity, onthe Sabbath,first in fromaveryintelligentandsagacious
thehalloftheHouseofRepresen observer,whoresides,whenat his
tatives,andsubsequentlyinseveral missionarystation,amonga popu
ofthe citychurches,ofpresenting lous, industrious,agricultural,half
to the public before the adjourn civilizedpeople,within sixtymiles
mentofCongress,theresultsofhis oftheNiger.
careful inquiries and observations Wehavebeforeus"CentralAf
duringsevenyears,atvariouspoints rica,orAdventuresaridMissionary
onthecoast,butmostlyin Yoruba labors in several countries in the
andtheadjoiningcountriesofCen interior ofAfrica, from 18-19to
tralAfrica. Deepinterest wasex 1856,"—abookof359pages,pub
cited in the mindsofall wholis lishedinCharleston,S.C.—byMr.
tenedto his statements. Thene Bowen; aworkcomprisingagreat
cessity ofconnecting civilization amountofmostvaluable informa
withthepublicationofthegospel, tion,andwhichcannotfail power
andasaconditionofitsperpetuity fullytoadvancetheinterestsofAf
amongabarbarousorhalfcivilized rica andherchildren. Fromthis
population,was urged with great ableandinstructiveworkweselect
force. IntheopinionofMr.Bowen atpresent onlythefollowingpass
theexplorationofthe Niger(the ages,embodyingbriefly theviews
Mississippi ofAfrica) should be ofMr.Bowenoftheconditionand
madeimmediatelyby our Govern prospectsofLiberia.
mentorpeople,bothforthebenefit "Consideringtheimportanceof
ofcommerceandthecauseofcivi thesubject,and myownrelations
100 CentralAfrica. [April,

totheAfrican continent,I cannot growsolder,thehardshipsincident

permi^this opportunity to pass tosettlinginall newcountrieswill
withoutexpressing myopinion as cease to exist, and there will be
tothenaturaland probablecourse more food and moreemployment
ofeventsinLiberia. Itistruethat ofevery kind for new comets.—
great and surprising revolutions This alonewouldgive animpetus
are possible,both in Europeand to emigration. But still further,
America,butitIsnotprobablethat theabundanceoffoodandemploy
anything willoccurineither con mentenjoyedbythefreeblacks in
tinent whichwill overwhelmAfri Americais sure tobe diminished
can colonization ami iis counter soonerorlater. Ourcountry will
part,Africanmissions. at last becomepopulous,and our
"Assuming,aswejustlymay,that peasantrywhetherwhite or black
the affairs ofthe wnrldwill coji- must experience that scarcity of
tinuetomoveon,astheyeverhave food whichis feltby thepeasantry
•lone,throughall thesechanges,in ofall otherpopulouscountries.—
obedienceto themoralandsocial Thenwemustwitnessanewspecies
forceswhicharetheirmotivepower, of antagonism,the most uncom
Ifeelauthorizedto entertainlarge promisingandterribleofall antag
hopesas tothe futureofthecolo onisms,a strife forbread,which is
nization scheme now identified life; and still more terrible tothe
withLiberia. Wemaydefine the free negro, because it will lie a
elements ofa great nationto be, conflict ofraces in whichall the
first, a numerous,virtuousandin circumstanceswillbe againsthim.
telligent people; second, a wide Justlyorunjustly,in a struggle for
andproductiveterritory,andthird food and for exisience, the while
ly, ajustandstronggovernment.— race will claim precedence, and
Myhopes claim all these for the they will enforce the claim; lor
future Liberia, and I believe that ultimate sovereigntyresidesin the
these hopesare authorizedbyex rightarmofrnan,andtherightarm
istingcircumstances. is powerful in proportion to tin:
"First,astothenumerouspeople; strengthofthewill andofthe in
IlooktoAmericaandtoAfrica,to tellect by which it is directed.—
the emigration of American ne Eventheslave,beingat oncethe
groes,andtothecivilizationofAf properly and the family of the
ricantribes. master,musthaveprecedenceovtr
"Itdoesnotseemunreasonable thefreenegro,solongasthewants
toexpect anextensive emigration ofthe morenum.erouswhilerace
ofAmericanblacks. Free blacks vill permitslaverytoexistat all.—
arealreadynumerousintheUnited Idonotsaythat matterswill ever
Stales,andtheirnumberwillnatur come to their natural extremity,
allyandthereforealmostinevitably buttherewillcertainlybeapower
increase. Theyarenowprevented ful tendency in that direction, so
from emigrating by three causes; powerfulthatthefreenegrowillbe
the hardships incident to settling obligedto yield,andtofly for the
inLiberiaasa newcountry,abun preservationofhisexistence. Arid
danceoffoodandemploymentin whither will he fly, exceptto Ai-
Amerrca,andtheir ownprejudices rica? Tlu-nthelandofhis faihers
agairi«t\thecause ofcolonization. will behislandofpromise. Th«'ii
Butaitthesehindrancestoemigra the colony which he nowcurses
tion ivill disappear. As Liberia willbe(he brightstarofhis hope.
1857.] CentralAfrica. 101

Thenthe opponentsandtraducers plant and nourish Liberia. As

ofAfricancolonizationandAfrican events roll on,andthe increasing
missions will be remembered,but number of free negroes feel the
noi hojiored. Thecolonizationist necessityofemigration,thewhites
foresees the coming storm, and willfeel it alsowiihmoreandmore
labors,unrpquiledletit be,topro intensity, till it becomes a great
vide a refuge which shall stand national affair. Then the federal
forth asablessing totworaces.— government,andperhapsthelegis
Heatleast is nota purblind,self- latures,ofall the States will vote
worshipping philosopher, whose annual appropriationsto aid the
biighiest visions cannotreachtheI coloredpeopleinreturningtotheir
thresholdofto-morrow. original seats. Such are someof
"Butthpreis stillanotherviewofi; Liberia'shopesfromAmerica.
the casefromwhichweare led to|| "Africaloo will contributeher
expect that ngreatAfrican nation j millions ofcivilized men. While
will derive its population in part thesuccessofcolonizationis yeta
fromAmerica. TheGodofall the problem,somepersonsfearthatthe
earth,withoutwhosedirectingprovi Liberianssofar fromcivilizingAf
dence not evena sparrowfalls lo rica, will relapseinto barbarism.—
the ground, has not located so But none of these persons have
manyAfricans inAmericawithout consideredthenatural and almost
a purpose. The man who looks inevitable result -of the various
candidly and reverentlyuponthe forces which are acting in and
principlesandfacts ofdivine gov npon Liberia. Neither have they
ernment,can see morethan Afri acquaintedthemselveswiththemore
can wars,slave-ships, andAmeri tangibleargumentoffacts. Libe
can plantationsinthepresentrela riaisfull ofwellattendedchurches
tionsofthewhiteand blackraces. andschools. Shehasagoodgov
Hecan see millions ofcivilized ernment, well administeredunder
negroesin America,betterclothed officerselectedbythe peoplefrom
and fed, and more virtuous and amongthemselves. Sheis steadily
happythantheanalogousclassesof increasing in prosperity and in
while.people in someothercoun everythingthatpertainsto civiliza
tries. Hecan see tensand hun tion. Andsheis sustainedbynu
dreds ofthousands ofevangelical merous andpowerfulfriends who
Christians, regenerated men and wouldsacrificemuch,from princi
women, among these blacks, ic-j ple, topreventherdestruction.
deemed from the curse of«in in; "Thenativesaroundandamong
consequenceofAfricanslavery.— the colonists are barbarians,but
And finally, he can see African they are men,and are capableof
colonization andAfricanmissions being elevatedbythesameforces
arisingfromthis slavery,and flow that elevate others. As before
ingbackasariveroflightandlife stated,theyaremovingonwardto
upontheAfricancontinent. Per ward civilization,and thismotion,
hapshewillsaywithJacob;"Veri which is already beginningto be
ly, Godis in thisplace,andIknew remaikab'e,is more likely to be
it not." Providenceneverfailsfor acceleratedthan retarded. Some
wantofmeans;and he will find ofthesuperiortribes,as theKroos
the meanstocolonizeAfrica. At and Vies, will lead the wayand
present, before the fulness ofthe rise uptotheestateofcitizenship
time, he employs individuals to inthe republic. Thenotherswill
102 CentralAfrica. [April,

follow, and yet others moreand [ caneasilyconceivethatEngland

more remote from the coast, and andAmericamightbenowconsid
whoshall say, Thus far theinflu ered almost barbarous compared
enceshallgoandnofurther? withthehighest moral,intellectual
"But wearemet by theobjec and social excellence ofwhicha
tionthatthe Africansare mentally nationofourownraceis capable.
and morally incapableofciviliza Wemayadmit,andI think justly,
tion. I have sometimesexpressedthatthenegroeswillneverbeequal
the opinion that while opponents tothewhites,wherethetworaces
areperplexingthisquestionbyvain enjoyequalopportunities; for the
argument*,there are other men white race, everywhere,underall
whowillsolvetheproblembydoing circumstances,is endowed with
the work. Yetit isa problemat characteristicswhicharenotfound
present,and ourefforts to civilize inthenegroesorinanyotherdark
Africamayfail. Ofthishowever, race. Butthisdoesnotrequire us
I have no serious fears, provided to conclude that the negro any
the nationsofthe earth willkeep more than the white man has
sufficientlyquiettopermitthecon reachedhismaximumofimprove
tinuanceofourlabors. Letit be ment. There mightbe negro na
granted that the dark races are tionsfullyas muchcivilizedas we
constitutionallyinferiortothewhite; are atpresent,and there mightat
andagain,thateducation, however the sametimebewhite nationsaj
long continuedin successivegen barbarousasthe ancientGermans.
erations,cannotimprove thebrain "Our own civilization is not
and nervoussystem,or the innate purelytheresult ofourownsupe
faculties ofa race,* still the be riormoral andintellectual powers.
lieversinafutureAfricancoloniza America, England,Germany,etc.,
tion cannotactso absurdlyas not depend for their civilization on
tofall backonthefollowingadmit Greece and Rome; Greece and
tedtruths: Romederivedtheirs from the val
"1. Thatmaniseverywherecapa leysoftheEuphratesandtheNile;
bleofimprovement. Themosten and EgjptandAssyriawerecivil
lightened races wereoncebarbari ized of necessity,for the reason
ans,astheGreeks,Germans,French thatmillionsofpeoplewerecrowd
andEnglish;andthemostdegraded ed togetherin fertile valleys sur
races astheHotentotsandthene roundedbyextensivedeserts. The
groes ofGuinea are nowmaking physical geography ofthe globe
advances toward civilization. A< hasbeenthegreatcivilizerofman.
Freetown, El Mina, Cape Coast If the desertsofAsiaand Africa
CastleandAkra,thenatives areso had not existed, andifthere had
muchimproved thattheydress re beennoMediterraneansea,andno
spectably,and live in comfortable gloomy forests andrugged mouu-
stonehouses. Thenatives at any j tains on thenorth oftheGreciau
otherpoint onthecoast,or in the andItalianpeninsulas,thecivilized
interior,areequallycapableofbeing kingdomsofEuropeandthegrand
improved. republic ofNorth America could
"2. Thelimitofman'simprove- not have existed.t Onthe other
ability hasneverbeenascertained.i hand,physicalgeographyhasblight
"fhishasneverbeenproved,anditiscertainlyopposedbynumerousfacts.
fTheManchus,awhiterace,whocivilized China,wherethemselvesdriveninto
civilizationbytheirposition onfertile spotsin theGreatAsiaticDesert. Wantof"
1857.] 103

ed Africa with the curse of bar-j in almosteverytown,showedthat

barisin.. Her immense northern ihe old races,though mechanically
desertsan>seasanimpassiblebur intermixed,werenottoagreatex
rierlothaicurrentofeasterncivili tent cliemicallyblended. In other
zationwhichhasoverflowedEurope pans ofEurope no less than in
anil America; herclimatehaspre England,therewasnclass ofmen
cluded thepossibility ofextensive ofsimilar features and character
conquest by Europeans, and her becau.-etheybelongedtoihe same
wide feilile interior hasgiven un- ethnical family, who weredistin
b'lnuded scope to that barbarism guished by an intense feeling of
which squires nothing but food personal independence,which re
andanimalgratification. vealeditself in a demandfor civil
"S.illfurther,thephysicalgeogra andreligiousliberty. Similarity of
phy ofthe globe has established feelingandcharacterled ill usands
thecivilization whichit calledinto of this race to America,4 where
existence. Europecouldnotsoon, the physical geography ofa vast
ifever,haveoriginatedcivilization, regionalmostnecessitatesthetxist-
butnopartoftheglobewastowell eticeofanationofgrcterintegral
adapedtoreceiveit, as it existed, extent,and more powerful in the
when it wasgrowingold,andwas controlofmankindin general,than
likely to die a natural death .in anynationthateverhasexisted or
Egyptand Assyria. Europeher- ever canexistwhilethe seas,con
selldividedbyseasandmountains, tinents, deserts, mountains and
perpetuallyshakenbytheconflicts rivers of the globe retain their
ofraces,and crushed byaweight presentform.
of abominable aniiquities, could "Tothis nnlioii the appointed
neverhavedevelopedandperfectedarbiter ofearth, Godhas brought
the civilization whichthe had re (hebarbarousnegrorace,andfrom
ceived and preserved. America this country he is leading iheui
was discovered just in the right back,civilizedandchristianized to
limetosaveEuropeandtheworld, Africa. Inthemeantime,African
just at the time when it wasde- barbarismhasrunits course,andis
uiaiididbytheconflictofopinions, growing old and decrepit. The
feelingsmid interests,whichih n, savageexuberanceofthe soil has
asnow,wassubstantiallyaconflict passedaway,and ihe character<f
ofdifferentEuropeanraces. JVIorej thepeop.ehasnecessarilychanged.
ihmathousandyearsofsuccessive Almosteverywhere they are con
conquestsrunningandreturningin gregatedin towns,someofwhich
ill directions throughout Europe,i areofimmensesize. Throughout
hadscatteredall racesthrough all! halfthe continent, they are civil
countries. But the features,feel-j ized on their ownbasis,^o ade
ingsandhabitsofdifferenifamilies! greewhichsurpriseseveryonewho
momto expand byemigration forced the Manchucivilization uponthe prolific
MongoliansofChina,araceofmenwhoprobably havenevermadeanygreatdis
coveryorinvention.

TherearemanyAmericanofotherracesandaccordinglytheyhaveothercounte
nancesandoilurfeelings. !t is notclimateandcircumstanceswhichhavegivena
nationalfaceandcharactertotheAmericanpeople.Theyaremorenearlyanorigi
nalethnicalracethanmostotherwhitenations,andhencethenationalfemiresand
nationalcharacterwhichexisteverywhere,andhasever existedsincethe States
verecolonies.
104 CentralAfrica. [April,

hecomfisacquaintedwith thef;ict. perishedinEurope,whichit issure

They cannot retrogradenow, for to do,weneed not fear itsexist
that wouldbecontrary tothegeo ence in our own Liberia. That
graphical,moralandsocial causes African colonizationand missions
whicliarcmovingthemforward.— maymeetwithreverses,or atleast
Just at this time, preciselywhen with serious difficulties,ss all hu
needed,preciselywhenthe people manaffairs mustdo,Ifreelyadmit,
see their necessitiesand longfor but it seemstomethat theirper-
assistance,theallied causesofAf petuationf.ndtheirultimatetriumph
ricancolonizationandAfricanmis are guarantiedbymoralandsocial
sions,backedbyAmerica,byChris causes,whichareas irresistibleas
tendom,andby the irresistiblede-' thephysicallawsofnature."
mandsofmoderncommorce,pledge
Wehere give two letters from
themselves to the redemptionof
Africa. Nowwelookagainatthe Mr.Bowenonthissubject:
physical geographyof that conti WASHITCTON,Feb.4,1857.
nent. Herfirstconditionofisola DearSir:—Permitmetosubmit
tionand savagefertility,inevitably afewbriefstatementsinreference
produced its result, butthese cir totheproposedexploration ofthe
cumstancesare gone forever,be Niger.
yondthepossibility ofrestoration. Its importance to science, nnd
Steamuniteshertotherest ofthe especiallytogeneralhistory,is too
world,and fourthousand yearsof obvioustorequirecomment. The
cultivationhaveeffectuallydenudedzoology,botany,andgeology,even
her offorests.* Thenext condi ofWesternAfrica, are but imper
tionofherpysicalgeographyto be fectlyknown,andwemayexpect
noticed,is seenin hergreatrivers, atransitionto fieldsofgreatinter
piercing tothe heartoftheconti estasweproceedintotheinterior.
nent,andintheimmense undula Sofarasplantsandbirds are con
ting plains, whose innumerable cerned,thistransition is distinctly
streams and fertile soil, infallibly markedat Illurin,abouttwo hun
indicatetheusesofhergreatrivers. dredmikjsfromtheslavecoast.
"Let usnowturn to feeble Li I have seen manynatives from
beria,andsskifthereis nothope? distantpartsofSudan—asSangano,
Where shall we fix her future Bambarra,Hausa,BurnuandCobhe,
boundary? In this case, the ex —andespeciallyfromthecountries
tensive fertile territory, which is least ofthe Niger. Theyall agree
oneconditionofher greatness,is in stating that theseregionsgene
soextensivethatwecannotventure rally, areelevated,nearlyfreefrom
toclaimafourthpartofitevenfor forests, well watered, productive,
agreatnation. Astothejustand !arid populous. Yoruba, and the
stronggovernmentwhichis neces- I adjacent kingdomswhich I have
s<ry to her success, wo have no seen,are truly a beautifulandde
reason to fear. She has begun lightfulcountry. Nothinghassur-
well by modelinghergovernment i prisedmemorethan the extentof
afterthegreatexemplarforthena ;someAfrican towns. Thecityof
tions,theConstitutionoftheUnited i Abbeokuta, which we measured
Slates. Whendespotismshallhavei with a perambulator,isaboutfour

•TheforestsofGuineaareasmallportionofthecontinent; therestisprairie,the
resultofcultivation.
1857.] Central Africa. 105

milesinlength,andlittle lessthan mannerinwhichwearetoaccount

twelve miles in circuit. Ibaddau, forthedegreeofcivilization which
Illorin,andfromreport,Ileshahand existsin Sudan,andwhich,accord
Ohwah are still larger. Weare ingtotherecentreportsofDr.Liv
acquaintedwithaboutadozenother ingston,isfoundamongthecentral
townsnotmuchinterior to these, nationsofthecontinentfar south
andwehaveheardofothers. oftheline. It seemsthatwehave
The traditions, mythology, and beenmistaken in regardtotheex
customsofthepeople,pointtothe tentofAfricanbarbarism. Accord
East. InYorubathey havethree ingto the natives ofthecountry,
principalgods,andtheserpentsym theKingdomofYorubais theleast
bolis commononthedoorsoftheir civilized ofall the nations which
temples. Their Iboni institution, we,asthey,refer to Sudan. And
a sort of Free-masonry, mustbe yetinYoruba("heysmeltandwork
veryancient. iron with someskill, and are ac
MyYorubavocabulary nowex quainted with manylittle arts, as
tends to moiethan ten thousand weaving,dyeing,soap-making,and
words,mostofwhichare derived, themanufactureofclothing,saddles,
in onewayoranother,fromabout Sic. Thedress,andthehouses,and
onehundredandtwentyprimitive the people,aresimilar to thoseof
verbs,andafewhundred primitive theMoors. ManypeopleatIllorin
nouns. Wefindmanycuriousco can readandwriteArabic. I was
incidencesbetweentheseprimitive surprisedtoseeconsiderablequan
wordsaridthoseofseveralancient titiesofwritingpaperforsaleinthe
languages:—Forinstance,inYor markets, together with ink, ink
uba,sufe, towhistle,(ofArabsifr;) stands,andready-madepens,which
andagain,luwe,tobattle, in Fell- theycall calamo. Thereare three
atah, loto ef, the Greek luo, and townsin Nufewhere they manu
•Latinlavolotum. factureglass,oneofwhichis west
IhavemorethanathousandFel- oftheNiger.
latahwordsinaboutthreehundred Heretoforeallthesecuriousfacts,
sentences. Thegrammar.of that andprobablyothers ofstill greater
languagepointstoanoriginbeyond interest, havebeenalmostconceal
theboundariesofAfrica; butthat edfromthecivilized world. Bull
ofYorubais purelyAfrican. trustthatthetimehascomearound
TheFellatahs (properly Puloh) whenthese distant countriesshall
affirmthattheirancestorswerefor bebetterknown.Thepeoplethem
merlywhitemen; andmostofthem selvesdesireintercoursewithwhile
from the SenegaltoBurnuexhibit men; partlyforthesakeofreceiv
unmistakableevidencesofa Cau ingourcloth, tobacco, andother
casianinnervation. merchandise, in return for their
ThecelebratedAggrabeads,which gold, ivory, gums, and palin oil;
aredugfromtheearthinforubaand and partly,assomehavesaid, be
Juku,appeartomeidenticalinform causetheywishtobecomeacquain
andqualitywiththebluishbeadson tedwithourknowledge,whichthey
themummiesintheBritishmuseum. regardasthesecretofourrumored
Iwouldhererefertothecurious greatness.
extractfromtheSultanBelbo'sbook Thereis probablynocountryin
as given in theappendixtoDen- which civilized philanthropy may
hamandClapperton'sTravels. effectsomuchasinCentralAfrica.
Thesefactsareindicationsofthe Thepeoplegenerallyacknowledge
106 Central Africa.
theirignorance,andexpress a de-
firetoimprove. 'I hephysicalcon
ditionoftheir country,denudedol
iis primeval forests by long-con
tinued cultivation, andthe subse
quentannualburningofthegrass;
andtheirsocialcondition,crowded
an they are in large towns, and
divided into mutually dependent
classes of farmers, artizans, and
graziers, and, in brief, thegeneral
conditionofthecountryandpeople
almost precludethepossibilityofa
retrograde to deeperbarbarism.—
Necessity, the great civilizer,has
laidherhandonthesenations,and
theironwardprogressis demanded
bythelaws ofphysical and moral
nature.
Atpresent ourbestinformation
inregard toCentralAfricafalls on
thepublicmindlikevaguerumors.
Anexplorationofthe Nigerwould
converttheserumorsintoauthentic
facts, and ihe result might be a
trafficwithI hatcountrywhichwould
bringin immense blessings upon
thepeople
It is verypossible that a single
voyage up the Niger would not
beprofitable. Thecommercialre
sourcesofthe countryarenotac-j
cumulatedon the river, butin theI
largetownsonthecaravanroutesj
to ihe Mediterranean and to tlie[
Atlantic. Todivert this traffic toj
its naturalchannel,andtodevelope|
tne resources ofthe country, wej
mustestablish permanent trading!
housesontheNigerandilsbranches.
The traffic at these points would
graduallyincrease,till thelaborious
andexpensivecaravantradewould
bebrokenup,andiheNigerwould
becomethe grandhighwayfor all
theimportsandexportsofSudan.
Respectfullyyours,
T.J. BOWEN.
Dr.JosephHenry,
C/inirmnnofCommittee
topromoteexplorationofNiger.
[April,
TotheCommitteeonCommerce,H.R.
WASHINGTON,Feb.4,1857.
DearSir:—Yournoteofyester
dayhasbeenbroughtinthismorn
ing, and I proceed at oncetoan
sweryourenquiries.
TheextensivecountryofSudan,
or Central Africa, lying on both
sidesofthe Niger,is verydifferent
in mostrespects fromWesternAf
rica,orGuinea. Thesurfaceofthe
countryis generallyundulating,thu
soil moreor less productive, the
streamsnumerous,clearandrocky,
and ihe scenery beautiful. Most
ofthe countryisopenandgrassy,
withscattering trees,whicha\\eit
o ; o
very much the appearanceofihe
muskiiprairiesin westernTexas.
Sofar as I haveseenandheard
from nativetravelers,there are no
chainsofmountainsofconsiderable
length; butshortchainsandpitches
ofmountainoushills are commmi
insomedistricts,andwefrequently
meetwith isolated hills, someof
whichareimmensemassesofgran
ite, aiisingabruptlyfromtheplain. •
Theelevation ofthe land, as we
proceedfromthecoast,is gradual,
soastobefavorabletotheopening
ofroads,andyetsorapidthatCapt.
Clapperlonsawfrostandiceinthe
Hausa country within twelve de
grees ofthe equator. ThePuloh
(or Fellatah) people,whoinhabit
thatcountry,havetold meofice,
whichtheycall gtitada. Wheatis
a commoncroponthetablelandsof
HausaandKanike(orPurnu.)
ThepeopleofSudan are oftwo
classes,calledinthatcountry"black
men"and "redmen." Thelatter
maybedescribedaswoolly.headed
Indians. Theyare numerous on
bothsidesofthe Niger,amounting
perhapsin all to twentyor ihirty
milions. Someofthe'hi, as the
Pulohs. are Mohammedans, but
others, mentioned by Caille, like
manyofthe blacks in Sudan,are
J857.J Central Africa. 107

heathen. Central Africa includes Sudanese arcconsiderablyadvanced

numerous kingdoms, most ofwhich from mere barbarism. Whether
acknowledge the auihorily of ihe heathens or Mohammedans, they
Puloh Emperor, whitresides at So- >aro clad in trowsers sii'l Minics.
koto. These countries aregeneral They are ri'mnrkalily c»urte<'iisin
ly populous. Sume oftheir nume their social intercourse. Their
rous towns are veryextensive, but women do not labor in the farms.
wecan scarcely make asatisfactory Stveral rude arts are commonly
conjecture as to the number, of in- pradiced, as the smelting of iron,
halntnnts. and insome places of copperand
Abbeokuta,about sixty milesfrom lead: the manufacture ofhoes, axes,
the sen, in the little kingdom of :!adzes,knives, and swords;ihe spin-
Egba, has been measured. It is ning ofcottonand silk, (ihe latter
nearly four miles in length, from a new article worthy of our.belter
one and a half to ihree miles in acquaintance,) weavingand tailor
breadth, and perhaps twelve miles ing, both of which are regularpro
in circuit. Our estimates of the fessions: dyeing blue, yellow, and
population varyfrom sixtythousand red; soap-making; brewing corn
10one hundred thousand.Between and millet; making palmand grass
Abbeokuia and the Niger — thatis, hats; alsosaddles, bridles and san
within a distance of one hundred dals, and a sort ofshoes and boots
and sixty miles — there are more than Thr^e townsin Nufe havethe artof
adozen large towns, some ofwhich working in glass, andthey produce
aremore populous than Abbeokuta. an articlewhich it is said cannot be
The greatest ofthese in reputation successfully imitated in Europe.
if not in size, is llorrin, the capital But the great business ofthe peo
of a little Puloh kingdom of the ple isagriculture, in which they are
same name. Here are manyredor far moreskillful and industrious than
light colored people, andthousands we have supposed. The farms of
of men who can read and write some large cities extend lo a dis
Arabic, the only kind of writing tance of twenty-five milesfiom the
known in Sudan. Large towns art town wall*. The principal crops
found in Barba(or Borghoo,) Nufe, are Indian corn, the same as our
Jakobn, Hausa Kanike,and various own, and the tropical yam. But
other kingdoms. Butaccording to they also plant coiion, sugarcane,
the people of llorrin, the largest ofI beans and peas, sweet potatoes
all African towns is Ohvvoh, six cassava, ground peas, ginger, red
days' journey — sayone hundred pepper, &.C.,and the country is ad
miles — beyond the Niger.We have mirably adapted to coffee and other
not yet been able to visit thistown, tropical productions of greatvalue
owing to the pressure ofother busi to thecivilized world. The domes
ness. tic animals are the same asourown;
Central Africanhouses are built afine breed ofcattle, two kindsof
in Moorish style, large and low, sheep, the bearded rambeing pecu
with many rooms opening into an liar to that country, goals, hogs,
interior court. The walls are madej horses, asses, &c. Some of the
of clay, which bakes hard in theI horses brought <o llorrin by the
sun, and the roofs are generally Moors and Arabs, have sold, as I
thatched wiih grass.Asingle house am assured, for one thousand dol
contains from twenty to one hun lars, butthe price ofa pony varies
dred persons. In somerespectsthe from fifteen to thirtydollars.
108 Central Jlfrica.
The Sudanese are notan indolent
people. They rise early, andtheir
daily marketsarestocked with pro
visions, animalsand all other articles'
known in the country. Another
great branch ofindustry in Sudan
is traffic. In>.my first journey to
Ilorrin I traveledwitha caravan of
traders, whichcould not have num
bered muchless than three thousand
persons. Largecaravans are con
stantly arriving at Ilorriri from all
directions, and the same is going
on at all the othergreat centres of
Central African trade. Their mer
chandise consists of innumerable
things provided in thecountry, from
the simple watergourd to the large
elephant's tooth which it requires
two rpen to carry; and ofmany ar
ticles from Europe and America,
from the tobacco pipe 10 the piece
of red velvet worth sixty dollars.
Some of the principal exports from
Sudan, if the trade were opened,
would be gold, ivory, gums, palm-
oil, vegetable butter, hides, cinna
mon, and indigo ofunrivalled qual
ity. Some ofthe imports would be
various kinds of cloth, blankets, felt
hats, coral beads and other orna
ments, tobacco, which is used by
everybody, male and female, guns
and gunpowder. All the millions
ofCentral Africa desire to buy some
thing, and all by one meansoran
other could pay forit. At present
the principal foreign trade of the
countries beyond the Niger is carried
on across the great desert bymenns
of camels — (see McColloh's Com
mercial Dictionary, and othersimi
lar authorities.) Moorishand Ara
bian merchants penetrate to every
part of the country, and sometimes
remain for years, tilltheyhavegrown
wealthy. Isaw persons ofthis class
at Ilorrin, .who professed to have
been at Constantinople and Alex
andria. Oneof them told me he
had seen the flag ofmy country on
the Mediterranean.
[April,
The people of western Sudan
trade principally to the coast of
Guinea. Beingafraid to risk them
selves among the savages alongthe
coast, they meet them at such in
termediate points as Kumasi and
Gonga, and exchange the produc
tions ofSudan for the manufactures
of civilized nations. As thebarba
rians ofGuinea derive great profit
from the trade, they areanxiousto
preserve it, not onlyby keeping the
Sudanese awayfrom thecoast, but
by preventing white men from en
tering Sudan. WhenI attempted
to reach the interiorfrom Liberia in
1850,I metwithmuch trouble from
this jealousy, and was finallycom
pelled toreturn after penetrating the
country to a distance of ninety
miles. Thisdoublefraud upon com
merce injures both theCentral Af
rican and the white man,while itis
really no advantage to the Guinea
man, whose debauchery and bar
barism increase withthe increase of
his wealth.
We may hope that before many
years the commerce of Central Af
rica will bediverted from the paths
of the desert and the forests of
Guineato its apparentlynatural out
let, the Niger. Ifthis, orsomething
analogous, cannot be done,oneof
the finest countries within the
tropics must still remain cut offfrom
the civilized world without a de
velopment of its great natural re
sources.
It is still a. problem, however,
whether the Niger can be made
available forthis purpose. Perhaps
its navigation may berendered im
possible by rapids; or the climate
may be fatal to white men; or the
people might rob and murder our
traders; or the productions ofthe
country maynot be worth thecost
of getting atthem. All these are
questions which nothing but facts
can decide. Seven years ago the
prospect of establishing Christian
 1857.] Central Africa.
Missions in Central Africawas pro
nounced chimerical; nearly four
years was consumedinexploration.
Our line of stations, commenced
three years ago, now extendsto the
furthest border ofYoruba, the first
division of Sudan. The problemhas
been solved, and our hopes more
than realised.
One of the steamers in Laird and
Oldfield's expedition,ascended the
Niger to Rabba in Nufe. With
them explorationwasa secondary
object, and they made no attempt
to proceed farther. If their design
had been toexplore the riverto the
head ofnavigation, they might per
haps have moored theirboat atSego
or Kaba, 2,000 miles from the sea,
and have returnedin triumph; but
now theirexpedition stands record
ed asa paralyzing failure.
The only place at whichwe have
reason to fear obstruction, is near
Busa. Unfortunately the Landers
made but few careful observations;
hut we learn from them that the
river here is not so rapid, butthat
the natives arein the constant habit
of paddling up it in their canoes.
Lander himself went in a canoe
from Busato Yami, anddescended
thence to the sea. According to
. CailletheNiger above Timbuctu is
still severalhundred yards in width,
and affords goodnavigation. Park
descended from aboveTimbuctu, in
a vessel which he called aschooner,
and lost his life atBusa, through the
mistake offiring on the people, who
are now known to bea harmless,
well disposed race.
It is very probable that a light
draught steamer could ascend the
Nigerto Sego,more than 1,500 miles
from the sea, at almostany season.
The delta of the Niger is very
sickly, but a steamercan soon pass
through theswamps to an open and
rocky country, similar to thatwhich
we now occupyin Yoruba. Laird
109
andOldfield, intenton buyingivory,
remained far too long in the low
country, and the mortality oftheir
men is plainlyattributable to other
causes besides malaria.TheChadda
expedition, in 1854, returnedtothe
coast without the loss ofa single'
man by disease or accident.
There might be some danger of
an attack from the Moors at Tim-
buclu, but a very little powder and
ball would probably bring them to
terms. At theworst theiecould be
no real dangerto theMeamer; and
judging from the spirit ofthe Moors
whomI have seen inAfrica, those
of Timbuktu would hail the arrival
•of the steamer withjoy. There is
nothing to fearfrom the blacks. I
live amongthem, within sixtymiles
of the Niger, in perfectsecurity of
life and property. We couldreside
on the bank of the river in equal
safety.
Neither Laird and Oldfield, nor
the late Chadda Expedition, were
able to make money by theadven
ture. The reason ofthefailure in
this respect is very obvious. The
centres of trade, where the valuable
commodities ofthe country are ac
cumulated, are not on the Niger,
but at various distancesfrom it, in
the large citieswhich aresustained
by the caravan traffic across the
desert arid to the western coast.
The navigation of theNigerwould
create new centres oftrade, which
would call the productions of the
country to the banksof the stream,
and the caravan trade toTripoli and
Guineawould be broken up. Every
year would add to the civilization
ofthe country and to the develop
ment of its resources, until finally
the trafficwith the millions of peo
ple in Central Africa would be
worth millions ofdollars per annum.
Truly yours,
T. J. BOWEN.
Hon, E.B. Washburn.
no Central Africa.
Wo believe these letters of Mr.
Bowen, and In-- book which has
ju.-l appeared, cannot fail to ex
cite mightily both the commercial
.and philanthropic energies of our
countrymen. They will he aroused
1u emulate Great Britain — never
slow to avail herselfofadvantages
laid open to her commercial enter-
prize, by thosewho have explored
Africa or other unfrequented re
gions of the globe. The Sierra
Leone JWw Era, ofthe 23d of Au
gust la-it, publishes a memorial of
Sir Edward Buxton, to Lord Pal-
merston, for the propagation of
civilization in Africa. The me
morial states:
"1. That the iradf withthe w.est
coast of Africa, independently of
its beneficial influencein suppres
sing the slave trade, is ofgreat and
increasing importance tothis coun
try; for the confirmation of which
they beg to refer to the statistical
returns appended tothis memorial.
"2. Thatthe published accounts
ofthe successful expedition up the
rivers Niger and Tshadda, in the
year 1854, undertaken at the in
stance and under the auspices of
her Majesty's Government, show
that greatadvantages would accrue
tothe commerce of west Africa, if
this natural highway into theinte
rior of that,continent were effectu
ally opened and kept open for a
few years.
"3. That thelate expedition has
also shown that the fatality which
attended the expedition in 1841,
may be, ina greatdegree, at least,
obviated by choosinga proper sea
son of ascent, and by improving
medical treatment; since, though
the expedition was for nearly four
[April,
months in the rivers, not asingle
case ofserious illness oci urred ton
orew of twelve Europeans and
tifiy-four natives
"4. That it appears toyour me
morialists lhat all the pro-pect of
introducing civilization and chris-
lianily into Africa, by the naviga
tion ofthe rivers Nigerand Tfhadda,
which led herMajesty's government
to send out at agreat cost theex
pedition of 1841, still exist; and.
that they should be promptly im
proved by this country, before ihey
are closed by any change ofcircum
stances, or taken out of ourhands
by oiher nations.
"5. Your memorialists are con
vinced flint it is essential to (lie
success of any plans for the attain
ment ofthis object by means ofna
tive agency, lhat herMajesty's gov
ernment should establish, or pro
mote the establishment,of a regu
lar steam communication between
Fernando Po and the confluenceof
ilie Niger and Tshadda rivers, in
order that native traders may be
assured lhat the way will be kept
open; and also,that her Majesty's
government should, at periodical
intervals, extend such communica
tion furtherup the tworivers, with
a view tothe extensionof geogra
phical discovery, of commercial en-
terprize, and of religious civiliza
tion in the interior ofAfrica.
"6. That, should her Majesty's
government accede to this propo
sal, there is every prospect of the
completion ofthe great and benevo
lent object in view,by the sponta
neous commercial enterprise of lib
erated and other Africans in the
various settlements upon thewest
coast, and by the zeal ofmissionary
societies.
"7. That the prospect of thus
introducing lawfulcommerce, civili
zation, and Christianity into this
partof Africa, are greatly sirength
 Central ,1frica. Ill

ened Iy the example of one power-I I parts of the coast; and to protect
ful mid enterprising nation, called lawful traders from the marauding
theYoruba nation, whose country tribes which infest the Delta of the
occupies the chief districts lying Niger.
between the BightofBenin and the (3.) To secure to British traders
river Niger, which, within the last a free use of some port,either at
ten years, has made rapid progressin Fernando Po, by a commercial
sociel improvement,chiefly through treaty With Spain, or insome other
the immigration of their liberated locality, ofwhich several have been
counnymen from Sierra Leone,and ' selected in the neighboihood of the
by the residence of missionaries Cameroon*1, as an entrepot for
amongst thorn. Astatement re British merchant ships.
spectingthis nation is appended to (4.) To placea small war-steamer
thismemorial, and your memorial upon the riveror lagoonon which
istshare reason to know thatthere the island of Lagos issituated, which
are large numbers ofthis tribe, and would give the command of the
of the Ibo tribe, now in Sierra waters runningparallel io thecoast
Leone, ready totake advantage ol ,
for nearly 200 miles — w hich are
the opening of the Niger to lawful
now used by slave-boats to dodge
commerce, by immigratingto those
and e.-cape thecruisers on the coast.
parts for the purposes oftrade.
(5.) Lastly, in the prospect ofan
"8. Lastly, in the prospect ofan
extension ol the westAfrican trade,
extension ofthe west African ttade, 1
that it will beof great importance to make Sierra Leonea free port."
tomake Sierra Leone a free port, it The Commercial Advertiser ex
beingthe only harbor upon a coast presses much regret at the failure
line of at least 2,000 miles. Aloi
of the Niger bill in Congress, and
ter from Macgregor Laird, Esq., .
uponthis point, is appended to this contrasts the policy of England,
memorial. whose naval force stationed upon
The memorialistssubmit the fol the
African coast oftwenty-seven
lowing measuresasespecially con vessels, mostly steamers, carrying
ducive to these ends: one hundred and seventy-threeguns,
(1.) To maintain the African with that ofthe United States, whose
squadron in thestate of efficiency
present force is two sloops of war
which it had attained before the i
breaking out of the Russian war, and a brig, carrying forty-six guns.
when the slave trade along the The substitution of steamers in the
whole west African coast wasre place of sailing vessels in ourAfri
ported tobe virtually extinct.
can squadron, has been urged with
(2.) To provide as a branch of
the duties of the west African invincible reasons by Commanders
squadron, or in some other way, Lynch, Ma\oandothernaval oflicets.
the sending ofa small steamer up " England has lines ofmerchant
the Niger, to the confluence, each steamers to thewest coast and to
season, for ihe next fiveor seven South Africa, and subsidizes the
years, to give confidence and en lormer with $110,000 per annum;
couragement toany trading settle the United Slates have not one
ments which may be formed ofemi steamer, merchant or national, in
grants from SierraLeone,or other I that trade.
112 Central Africa.
"England pays for h'er African
mails, by steamers, liberally; the
United States send tonsof letters
and papers to Africa and pay not
one cent, but tax every letter re
ceived by private vessels, 5 cents.
"England admits all African
products free of duly; the United
States tax all.
"England has treaties of com
merce with the Republic of Liberia
and recognizes it as a civilized
Government; the Uniied States
have no treatyand will notreceive
the representative of Liberia.
"English commerce with west
Africa alone, last year was worth
$25,000,000; the commerce ofthe
United States with all Africa was
less than $5,000,000.
"Our treaty with England, rela
tive to a squadron for suppressing
the slave trade, demands in its
spirit if not by its letter that steam
vessels should be employed. The
currents ofthe Guinea coast render
it almost impossible for a sailing
vessel togo up or down the coast
against them, hence sailing vessels
are comparatively inefficient."
Says the Commercial Advertiser,
most justly:
" The immense increase of British
commerce on that coastisitselfa
proof, but even .more effective is
the fact, that at this moment the
British Government is pledged to
an annual explorationof the river
Niger bysteamers, up its western
and eastern mainstems alternately
forseveral years, and that simulta
neously alarge company is organ
izedin London to extend the steam
lines to the coast. The particulars
ofthis latter organization aregiven
in thefollowing extract from a let-
ler from Mr. Gerard Ralston, of
London, who inherits from his
father that earnest devotion to
colonization, which induced the
[April,
former in 1817, to render Samuel
Millssuch encouragement and aid
in organizingthe first State Auxili
ary Society in the freestates. The
leiter is dated London, January
30th, 1857—
' There is a very large company
beingformed here, which will have
a large capital for the purpose of
tha extension of trade wiih the
west coast of Africa. They will
have six large steamersto ply be
tween England and thecoast, and
they will havea number of small
steamers to run on the coast, and
go up the rivers and collect palm
oil and other merchandise, and
bringthem to the shipping ports to
be put on board ofthe large steam
ers for England. These facilities
for iheexport trade of Africa will
give at: immense impetus to the
import trade from Great Britain,
and thus the relations between
England andAfrica will be exces
sively extended. One ofthe prin
cipal stations for this extended
traffic will beMonrovia, in Liberia.
Thus yousee the Americo-Liberians
willbe moreand moreunited with
the British, and become more and
more alienated fromthe Americans,
who are and ought tobe considered
theirfellow countrymen with whom
it is very desirable tocontinue the
most cordial relations. Iam sorry
that the enterprising commercial
interest ofthe United States do not
establish a line of fortnightly steam
ers to run from the Chesapeake
Bay to Monrovia. By no other
course of policy will the interesting
Republic of Liberia be prevented
from beingseparated and alienated
from the mother country —America.'
" The increasing number ofclear
ances from New York forwestern
Africa is noticeable; and should
the United StatesGovernment pro
ceed to explore the Niger, at an
expense of less than one-half that
1857.] Cenlral Africa.
already laid outin exploring rivers
in South America, there can be
little doubt that in the articles of
hides and ivoryalone, from Hausa,
Boman and Yomba, the outlay
would he repaid tenfold.
"The Legislatureol ourown Stale
should also be admonished that it
is time that its policy concerning
Africa looked tothe promotion of
our commerce wiih that great con
tinent, instead of being governed
by the hostile prejudices of those
to whom all allusion to Africa is
deemed an insult. Looking tothe
immense temporal benefits of Af
rican civilization, Connecticut,New
Jersey, Pennsylvania, Indiana, Illi
nois, and many other states have,
by legislative aid, encouraged the
emigration of free colored men to
Africa — but this great Empire stale,
whose commercial interests are
equal to all the others, has not
taken one step in that direction.—
Is it not time that somethingshould
be done ?"
Our main object now is to invite
. all who feel interested in African
colonization, and civilization, to
read Mr. Bowen'b book. We select
the following passages from a just
and well considered notice of the
work in the-National Intelligencer:
"In ten years from now the
centre ofAfrica will lie as inviting
a field for the oriental tourist, and
the country as open as Syria and
Egypt are now. pages might
be filled with extracts from this
rich sketch book of several years
original research in the rarest of
the worlds fields fornew invesli^a-
f
tion. So peculiaristhat characterO
istic of a true explorer justalluded
to, that the most thorough student
of African colonization in Liberia,
is struck with theentirely new yet
perfectly simpleand truthful views
8
113
ofihings seen (here, and of princi
ples legitimately drawn fromobser
vation. Truth is never appreciated
until its connexions are sern; and
the colonization of Western Africa,
seen in or out of i'.s connexion
with Central Africa,is as different
in aspectas American colonization
has appeared to a man ofthe seven
teenth and another of the nine
teenth century. Africa,in Bowen's
narrative, and that by ihe simplest
style of statement,growsfrom in
fancy to maturity, and looks us
Virginia now would to Captain
John Smith, ifhe could \vake from
the sleep of generations."
The Journal of Commerce, of
Mar. 20th, pronounces Mr. Bowen's
work one of much interest, and
well calculated to create a public
conviction in this country, not only
of the practicability ofestablishing
commercial relations with theinte
rior tribes of Africa, and opening
the resources ofthat comparatively
unknown quarterofthe globe, but
of its expediency. Having stated
the plan ofMr. Bowen, to establish
a lineof missionary stations from
Lagos, through Yoruba, tothe na
tions still more interior of Central
Africa, and his purpose ofopening
a road from Lagosto Ogbomosbaw,
where he resides when athis mis
sionary home, theJournal adds:
" Besides a stationalready plant
ed atLagos, there are two others,
located one hundred and twenty
andhundred and seventy miles in
land respectively. And it is in be
half of this fertile and promising
country, through thivheart of which
the great river Niger(lows, that the
project foran Americansteam ex
ploring expeditiiyh wasrccenily in-
114 Latest from Liberia. [April,

Iroduced to onr national legislature. portion,borderingontheNiger,i:>

No part of the Yoruba kingdom is
muchmorethan ahundred miles
from the sea onones-ide, and the
Niger on the other. This favorable
position,its healihfulness, andthe
facility with which roads maybe
constructed, all combine to make
it one of the most important por
tions of the African continent.—
Mr. Bowensays, if colonized by
civilized blacksfromAmerica,and
properly conducted,it wouldsoon
commandthe tradeofall Central
Africa, to which it is the natural
key. AlmostthewholeofYoruba
is an openprairie, scattered over
with small 'trees and occasional
forests and rivers. The easterly
almost without inhabitants, (those
whofoimerly occupied it having
beendriven ofT by a hostile tribe,)
but is represented as a very fine
country, capable of giving atii|>le
sustenance to 300,000colonists;and
possessing unusual advantagesin
regard to soil, climate, and facilities
for traffic."
Itisestimatedthatthreemillions
ofpeople speak the Yoruba lan
guage. Howvast ihe importance
ofanexplorationofthe Niger.—
WetrustMr.Bowenwillseemeas
ures adopted for Ihis great end
beforeheleavesthecountry.

LatestfromLiberia.
WEsubmit herewith several of friends ofthe Societytoconsider
themostrecentlettersfromLiberia, howmeansshall be obtained ef
amongthemtwofrom theSpecial fectually to carry out the work
AgentoftheSociety,theRev.John whichtheDirectorsenjoined upon
Seys, showing his energetic and theExecutiveCommitteetoprose
successfullaborstowardslayingthe cute in the establishment ofthis
foundations ofan interior settle setlleBiPnt,withtheviewespecially
ment. The site selected by Mr. ofascertainingthesalubrity ofthe
Seys,forthisvery importantenter- mountainousregions of the inte
prize,isamongaquiet andpeace rior,ascomparedwiththelandson
fulpeople,onamountainofmoder theseashoreandthemarginofthe
atebutsufficient elevation,easy of riversnearthe ocean.' Noris the

access from Monrovia, and com necessity less of sustaining the

bining manyadvantagesfor health newlyfounded settlementat Cape

and agriculture. It is not remote Mount, and the community at
fromthemostnorthernpart ofthe| pinon.whohavesufferedsosevere-
lyfromthelatewar
NewJerseydistrict,if notactually
GOVERNMENTHOUSE,
withinit, andcanreadily,shouldit
Monrovia,Jan.3d, 1857.
bedeemedamatterofanyimpor Rev.andDear Sir:—It is with
tance, be madea portion ofthe muchpleasure 1 acknowledgethe
receipt of your favor of 1st Oc
district, whenjudged expedientby
tober, whichI haveperused with
theSociety. muchinterest, especially the por
The. vital question is for the tions which refer to explorations
1857.] Latest from Liberia.
and important discoveries being
made on this continent. I feel
almostunlimited interest in what
ever respects this continent, and
especiallyitsinhabitants,withwhom
Ifeelidentified.
I think theInteriorRoadCom
panyorganized here will succeed
in doing something, though the
progress maybeslow for wantof
menusand men. I willgive it all
theencouragementofwhichI am
capable. As Mr. Seys will no
doubtwriteyou,I neednotadvert
tohisoperations. OurLegislature
is in session, andare getting on
mosthtrmoniously. Ihadexpected
to receivethepromised document
fromyouerethis: I meanin refer
ence to the co-operation ofthis
government in the management
andcareofimmigrantsafter their
arrival. Perhaps the Legislature,
in the absenceofsucha definite
communicationfromjou,willgive
an expression on the subject; if
so,{ will forward ittoyouimme
diately. Youwillbeabletogetall
the newsfromtheLiberiaHerald
and the letters youwill nodoubt
receive from your various corre
spondents. I will try to address
you moredetailingly andinterest-
ly afterthe Legislaturerise. 1 am
so pressedwithbusinessjustnow,
and have been for the last six
weeks,asthatIhavescarcelytime
to write youapage. I mustex
pressmythankstoyouforthefiles
of the Congressional Globe and
other interestingpamphletsyouso
kindly sent mebythe Shirley; I
found thorn very,very interesting.
Itis withpleasure,I inform youof
the safereturnontheIKth ultimo
ofourhighlyesteemed fellowcili-
Ben,-lhe Ex-Presidentand family;
whoarrivedandcontinuein good
health. Oar public affairs are
movingonsmoothlyand encour
agingly. I closa by subscribing
115
my self with high regard, your most
obedientservant,
StephenA.Benson.
Rev.R.R.Gurley,
Car.Sec.A.C.S.
WashingtonCity.
ZodahQuee'sTown,
QueahCountry,Dec.27,1856.
Rev.R.R. Gurley,
Rev.andDearSir:—Iwrotevery
fully tothe Rev.Mr.McLain,from
Millsburg,onthebthinstant,since
which 1 havereceived yourkind
favor by the MosesSsheppard, of
November7th,twolettersfromMr.
McLain,andonefromDr.Lugen-
beeI. Theseevidencesthat I am
not forgotten, thoughfar awayin
these wilds, that dear christian
friends still thinkof, will continue
to writeto,and thustoencourage
meina worksoarduous,sofullof
peril,ofdeprivationandwearisome-
ness,is inexpressiblycheeringand
satisfactory,andcan only be fully
appreciatedbythelonelyexile.
Beingdetainedbycircumstances
ofaprovidentialcharacter,wedid
not leave Millsburgh with ouref
fects andsupplies,until Saturday,
December6. Beforeleaving,how
ever,mycompanyofsawyers,clear-
ers, andcarpenter,hadcutthrough
a fine wideroadfrom Mr.Wash
ington's, ourcommercialdepotat
the headofnavigation,onthe St.
Paul's river,so astointersect the
pathfromWhitePlainstoRoberts-
ville, lesseningthe distanceJmile
onourinteriorroute.
Onarriving at Robertsville that
afternoon, where wemust needs
spendtheSabbath,I despatched a
native express, to myold friend
ZodahQuee, telling him that I
wasonmywaytohistown,andto
sendmetwentycarriersonMonday
morning,as those whocamewith
usfromtherivercouldnotbehired
togofurther. Afteraverypleasant
116 LatestfiomLiberia. [April,

andquiet Sabbathspent'.villi Rev. Colonization Society for its uses,

Mr. Diggs, at this Methodiststa- (theseareall specified,) subject, of
lion, and preaching to his mtive course to the laws, regulations,
congregation, ihe Monday came, andgovernmentoftheRepublicof
and at 10A.RJL., twenty-fourmen Liberia. For this 1 am to mak«
wereat mycommandfromZt.dah's. GayisonandZodahQueea present
Wefedthemen.andat 12,started on thearrivalofthe shipand set
amidst their shouts, blowing of tlement of the pioneers, of one
horns,andoilier wild expressions hundred barrs, equivalent to $40
ofjoy. Awalkofthreehoursand in money!
fortyminutes,broughtushere,and The road to the mountain is
theoldmanwassorejoiced to see done! Zodah with perfect en
me,thathethrew hisarmsaround thusiasm took the lead oftwemy
me. Alargehutwasappropriated men.and cutto our astonishment
totheuseofMessrs.Campionand a wideroad,asnearan air line, as
Clarke,and all ourstore-, (roods, he well could, and avoid low
tools, &c, while one of an oval placesandravines,and for several
shape severrfeet by thirteen, the days continued onuntilhe re.-ie.h-
eartli iis floor, wasgiven tome,asj: ed the very tree alluded to. He
I pieferredto bealone ! has alsocutdown the underw'ood
OnWednesdayour wholecom and bush ofquite a large space,
panyofoperative'sarrived,andwe ! while our men follow with the
haveall beendrivingawaywiththe Americanaxe and cross-cut saw,
inmostvigor. Togetreadyforthe and wheretheir sound was never
pioneersatthislate houris a most heardbefore,thegiantsoftheforest
herculean task, but I feel by no areprostratedbeforethem.
meansdoubtfuloftheissue. I have reason to be moreand
As I cannot gointo details,on morepleased,everyadditionalopen
accountoftheshortnotice I have ing,orvista, wemakein thedense
had ofthe opportunity, and my forestaround oursite, withihese
carrier leavesearly Mondaymom-1 lectionI havemade,and the pros
ing, you will excuse my brevity,|]pectfromthetop whenthewoods
the moreespecially asI purpose areclearedawaywill beunrivallei
theLordpermitting,to writeagainI Bythenewroad,thesireamswe
by theMail SteamerviaLiverpool cross beingsecurely bridged with
onthe 10thproximo. large and substantial trunks of
Ameetingofkings,chipfs,head trees,theonlywaytoeffectit with
men,&c,beingcalled,resulted in mere manual labor, the distance
the signing of a deed in which canbewalkedfromhere in 1 huur
twenty miles square,beginningat and45minutes.
a certain very remarkable tree, Onthe 22d instant, wecleared
whichis ontheverytop ofMount the spot for the first house, and
fawblee* andrunning nonhand plantedupwardsoltwentyposit.—
southtenmileseachway,thenfrom It is tobeol lhalchrootandbani-
thosepointsdueeast andwestten i boofloor,butbothfordespatchand
miles each way,forming a square security sake, I preferred to have
of which said tree is thecentre,has it weatl.er boarded, as ourexpert
been secured to the American | sawyers have furnished us with

*Faw,anelderson of old King Governor.Bleeaplace,i.e. Fawblte,Fuw'sj..!ace

Hehavingatowninthevalleybelowmanyyearsago.
1857.] Latest from Liberia. 117

more than one thousand feet of ex I am astonished at the vast dif

cellent poplar hoards. This house ference in many points ofview, be
is thirtv feet hy eighteen and will tween these higher tablelands and
be our •*future . store
O room, though the sea board. Asto the climate,
our dwelling for the present. We nothing can he finer. I send jon
e to move into it next week. an extract from my thermometrtral
1 have a pro'nise of ihe use of journal of the lastfour weeks tem-
rooms in the Mission House ai peraiure This morning at day
Robe rtsvdle, for the occupancy of light the mercurystood at64. yes
our pioneers the first night after terday at63, at George's Town, to
their arrival, and early in ihe even which placeI removed on the30ih,
ing of the next day,I hopeto place from Zodah Quee's, for the morn
Iliein safely onMount Fawbtee. easy access to mv operatives and
I HIII, my dear sir, work. This little village is siluaud
Yours most respectfully, on the plain below,and ab»utforty
JOHN SEYS. minutes walk from the Mount—
What the temperature will be here,
MOUNT FAWBLEE, 140 feet or moreabove Georgetown,
Queah Country, La,, wiiha sweepof country around to
January Qth, 1857. I be seen in some directions to a.
Rev. R. R. Gurley, [distance of twentyto thirty miles,
Her. and Dear Sir:—I had the ! we shall know in afew days
pleasure of vvrning fully to Rev. i I was not aware, untilexamina
Mr. McLiin and yourself, from tion, of the great variety ofsplendid
Zodah Quee's town, on the 27th timber abounding in these regions.
and 28ili ultimo, hy the Kingfisher |Our mountainsand ihe dense lorest
ofNew York, arid promised to seii'i on and around it, beside several
you a few additional lines by the i very fine kindsofwood that neither
BritishSteamer which leaves Mon I native nor American knows tho
rovia onthe 10th instint. i name of, contain poplar, hickory,
I hin happ) tosay that my health teak, bastard mahogany, wi.-more,
coniinues most excellent m every !brimstone, walnut, (the nuts are ex-
respect, save a sore and badly cell' nt,) locust, peach, sassy-wood,
bruised hand, which, while aiding mangrove (the upland, and a species
in lifting a log, wasjammed between of giants) red wood, mulberry,and
it and a stump, butI hopea few two kinds of oak, red hnd white.
diiys wi'l restore it. To clear such land by mere
li givesme pleasure to«ayalso, manual labor, without even a yoke
that though we have to deal witli of oxen, is no small undertaking,
naiiveo who cannotbe hurried, set butI have a setof picked men from
no value on time, care nothing Millsburg, and they give me the
about the violation of promises utmost satisfaction.
made to come and work, thatstill 1 Permit me toadd that "the best
expect to be quite ready for the of all is God is with us." From
comfortable accommodation ofour the first day we all• arrived Ht
pioneers by the M. C.Stevens. I Zodah's, a variety of religions meet-
HIII now writingto you in our Re jj ings have been regularly,faithfully,
ceptacle on this magnificenteleva |jand tindevialingly kept up, which
tion, and ihoui/h the house is not ' have had the most salutary effect
yetdone, jet a fewD days more will I upon us all. Every morning at
complete it. 'I7, and evening at 7£o'clock, at the
118 JVext Expedition to Liberia. [April,

ringing of a bell, public worship if helper. With the highest esteem,

held, and to it all art; invited, na 1 am yours very respectfully,
tives as well as Americans. Tin John Sets.
Scriptures are read in regular
course,a hymn ofpraise song, and
Thtrmometrical Journal kipl in the
prayer sent up to the Great God
who reigns on high. On Thursday QuuiA Country, Liberia, fiom
evening a public lecture. Friday December 10, to January6.
a general prayer meeting. On
1856. Dec. 24. M—72
Sunday morning at 7a Methodist Dec. 10. M— 711 N— 86
class meeting is held, as allbutone K— 76 E— 82
ofour little band are of that denomi E— 72 tt
25. M—72
«i
nation. At 11 public preaching 11 M— 70 N— 85
N— 80 E— 82
to the Americans,ornatives, by an E— 76 tt
26. M— 72
interpreter, alternately. At 3 P. ti
12. M—SB Ctovdy— N— 84
M-, a general Sunday School, in N-82 E-81
which men ofyears, as well as little E— 76 it
27 M— 74
t<
13 M-68 Rain— N— 82
boys, Americansand natives, conn N-84 E— 8(1
to be taught. Sunday evening E— 76 tt
28 M— 73
pleaching again or exhortation.— •c 14 M— 66 Rain at IV— 86
It is a blessed work, thus, while we JN-B4 night E— 82
E— 80 tt
29. M— 74
introducecivilization in thesewilds, II
15. M— 68 rain $f N— 84
to bring with us the "Glorious N-84 cloudy E-f2
Gospel of the Blessed God," and E— 8U it
30 M— 73
II
show thesedegraded native polyga 16 M— 68 Cloudy— N— K5
JN-84 E-83
mies and idolaters, "the life, and E-62 ti
31 M— 72
the truth, and the way." tt
17. M— 67 N— 84
1 am perfectly divested of all N— 86 E— &2
fear, though we havethemeans ol E— 74 1857.
(I
self-defence. The moral influence 18. M-72 Jai . 1 M-72
N-86 Heavy N— 80
which is thus exerci?ed is most E— 82 Rains E-76
powerful, and we all feel as though If
19. M— 73 tt
2. M-68
theLordGod, whose work we are «— 84 JV— 74
engaged in, will be our"Sun and E— 83 E-72
(1
20 M-73 IC
3 M— 68
Shield," and protect us from all N— b6 N— 82
molestation. E-83 E-78
It
1 beg leave to conclude by as 21 M— 72 it
4. M-68
suring the committee, through you N-86 N-82
E— 84 E— 80
my dear sir, that my life being •1
22. M-74 u 5. M-63
spared and health continued, their N— 86 IS -85
object in this deeply interestingex II
E-80 E— 80
ti
periment shall be most faithfully 23 M— 76 6. M—64
—
% JM-B7 A— 84
carried out, the Lord being my E-80 E—

The Mary Caroline Stevens.

Next Expedition to Liberia.—The Jj mediate preparations will be madefor her
return of the Society's ship, the Mary departurefrom Baltimorewith emigrants
Caroline Slevens, may be expected from on the 1stof May. Her arrival at Cape
the 5th to the 10th ofthis month,and im- Mount (by latest intelligence received
1857.] Intelligence. 119

from the coast) had beenannounced at An almostboundless field for benevolent

Monrovia. Wemat/ <irmay not receive andChristianeffort, in Liberia,and other
further information from her beforeher wide regions of Africa, is spread out,
return. W« havealready405 namei on open and inviting before us, but who
our listof applicants by this expedition, will supply the means for bringing this
and it isvery probable that information field underthecultureof civilized indus
may bereceived of others before her de try, the protection ofgood laws,and the
holy influences of Christianity? The
parture. The present number exceeds
several Slates, the churches, humaneand
the capacity of the ship, but as usual,
Christian men throughout theUnion must
somefew may preferto remain- until the
answer. Our readers may judge of the
autumnal expedition.
progress ofimprovements in Liberia from
Itis exceedingly importantto strengthen
a paragraph copied by the Colonization
by additional emigrants both the settle
Herald, from a letterfrom the Commander
ments, Cape Mountand Sinou, and should
of our African Squadron, Commodore
means be duly furnished, to send out
Crabbe, dated Monrovia, December 1st,
several houses tothe latter place for the
1856:
accommodationof those destined to that
" The city ofMonrovia, which1 have
place. Provision alsomust bemade for visited,shows signs of energy nndcivili
the interior settlement, of which Mr. zation,which certainly were notto be ex
pected in sucha climate. The commerce
Seys givessuch an encouraging account of the place appears to be gradually in
in this number. Itis hardlynecessary to creasing, and from what1 hear of the
agricultural improvements in theinterior,
remind the -friendsof the Society,of its
I shouldjudge that the inhabitants were
dependence, for all ability to do good, makingconsiderable and steady progrets,
upon their contributions. If but little while from the satisfied appearance ofthe
people of the towngenerally,1 hnve no
ii accomplished, the cause is the wantj doubt, that they mustbe prosperous and
of pecuniary means to accomplish more. ! happy."

Intelligence.
ANNUALREPORT OF THEIOWA STATE
COLONIZATION SOCIETY.
An adjourned meeting ofthe Coloniza
tion Society ofthe State ofIowa, was
held at theCapitol in Iowa City,onthe
22d day ofJanuary, A. D. 1857.
Hon. Joseph Williams, President, be
ing absent, on motion of Rev. Samuel
Storrs Howe, Hon J. C. Hall, of Des
Monies County, wasappointed President
fro lem.
Mr. Howe, from thecommitteeappoint
ed at a previous meeting to revise the
Constitution and By-Lawsofthe Society,
reported sundryamendments, which were
adopted.
The following officers werethen appoint
ed by theSociety for the ensuing year:
President —Hon. JOSEPH WILLIAMS, of
Muscatine.
Vice Presidents—Hon. Wm. W. Ham
ilton, Dubuquej Col.Thos W. Claggftt,
Keokuk; Stewart Goodrell, Esq., Fort
Des Moines.
Directors—D. W. Kilbourne, Esq., Col.
Wm. Patterson,and Hon.J H.Sullivan,
Keokuk; J. C. Hall, M. D. Browning,
and J. F. Henry, M. D., Burlington; J.
fl. Wallace, Esq.,and Dr.J. S. Horton,
Muscatine: G.C. R. Mitchell, Esq.,and
W. H.P. Gurley, Esq.,Davenport; Hon.
Benj. M. Samuels, and Rev.S Newberry,
Dubuque; Hon. A. Saunders, andJ. B.
Lash, Mt. Pleasant; Hon. D. H Solo
mon. Glenwood; Hon. D. W. Scoville,
Osceola; Hon. E. Sells, Secretary ofSlate,
Geo. W. McCleary,Esq., Rev. P. S.
Van Nest, Rev. F. A.Shearer, Rev. W.
H. Barris, andM. J'. Morsman, Esq.,
Iowa City.
CorrespondingSecretary — Rev.Samuel
Storrs Howe, IowaCity.
Recanting Secretary — R.H. Sylvester,
Iowa City.
Treasurer—Morgan Reno, Iowa City.
Executive Committee — George W. Mc
Cleary, Esq., Hon. ElijahSells, Rev. P.
S. Van Nest, Rev. F. A. Shearer, and
Or. MosesJ Morsman,Iowa City.
120 Intelligence. [April,

TheExecutive Cnmniillee reported the mitteehave the simplereceiptsfrom mem

namesofmembers, and the umouiit psid bership only to report.
into thetreasury n.s follows: The Directors feel it to be most import
Amount piiiu in - - - $32 00 ant, thatsome plan of agency beadopted
Paid forpriming notices - both for the collection of funds, and for
,'i 00
Hnlance in the treasury - 09 DOthe diffusion of intelligence on thesubject
On motion the reportwas adopted. of African Colonization. At. d"they hope
Mr. Gurley offered the followingreso to have the hearty co-operation ofthe So
lution, which wasunanimously adopted: ciety, and ofthe community at large, in
Revolved, That wedeem it ndvisable to carrying outsome systematic efforts for
call the attention of the ParentSociety to these ends.
the vast influx of population in North- Thegreat principle of colonization has
Western States, and to the rapidly in always been the basis ofnational exten
creasing influence ofthese States in our sion, in ancientand modern times. The
national councils; andwould suggest the Assyrian, the Persian,the Medo-Persian,
importance of having the cause ofcoloni and the Roman Empires,were extended
zation presented to this region by some over the world by colonization; until, at.
suitable person or persons. the Christian Era, the Koman empireem
The following resolution wasoffered bv braced nearly allthe organized nationson
Rev. S. S. Howe, and unanimously the globe.
adopted: In modern times, England, the moct
Resolved,Thatthis Societywould earn powerful nation of Europe, has planted
estly recommend to the friends ofcoloni colonies over both hemisphere* and the
zation, throughout theState,the "African islands of thesea; until, it is literally truei
Repository," as the organ of theParent thaton the kingdom of Great Britain, en
Society, publishedat Washington, D.C. circling theworld, the sun never sets.
The address of Col. T. M. Claggett, But it has b*en left for thecitizens of
not having been reported at length, is ne the Republic of the United States — once
cessarily omitted. colonies — to establish by colonization, on
George Lindley, Esq., ofIowa City, the ground ofbenevolence,a colony in
offered the following resolution, which Africa — an independent lepublic-already
was adopted: acknowledged as afree and independent
Revived, That the best interests ofour nation by Great Britain, Prussia,and the
country, and the success ofAfrican Colo HanseaticStates of Germany. And it is
nization requires, that a line of Govern enough to makean American blush to re
mental MailSteamers should be establish member that Liberia has thus farfailedto
ed between thiscountryand Liberia beacknowledged as an independent state
Themeeting was addressed in avery by the government of theUnited States.
able and impressive manner by George May speedy justice be done by ourgov
Lindlev, Esq., ofIowa City,J. H. Wal ernment to this infant republic in Africa.
lace, Es |., of Muscatine,and by ihe Hon. The history of American colonization
.T. C Hall,of Burlington. Col. William
in Africa may be brieflygiven. As early
Patterson offered the following as the as 1802, Thomas Jelferson sujgesied the
closing resolution: idea of African colonization. Aijout J810,
Resolved,ThattheConstitution and By- Paul Cuffee; a colored shipowner of Bos
Laws of this Society, the Annual ton, parried the first colonists from the
Report
of the Directors,and the proceedings of United States to the Cape ofGood Hope,
this meeting, be published under the di- nr two several companies ofcolored per
renlion of the Secretaries forgeneral cir sons, likehimself, hack to theirfatherland.
culation throughoutthe State. About 1816, Dr. Fir.Iev, ofNew Jersey,
When, on motion, themeetingadjourn and others, including SamuelJ. Mills, of
ed sine die. Connecticut, took measures whichresult
ed in the formation ofthe American Colo
.T. C. HAI.L, Presiitenlpro tern.
Geo. W.McCleary, Secretary. nization Society and the settlement ofthe
colony, now Republic ofLiberia, in Africa.
REPORT OF THE DIRECTORS. Liberia hasseven hundred miles ffsea
In making their report, the Directorsare const, and extends its influence over two
happy to state, that the organization, be hundred miles into the interior, or em
gun two yearsago, hasbeen finallycon-i braces a te"ritory nearly twi<e as large as
Biimniated by the adoption ofa Coi stitu-: Iowa. It has apopulation ('of Africans
tion and By-Laws. from America or their children) of ten
No system of agencv, however, hasi thousand souls, oras largeas the popula
beep adopted, as yet. So that the com-j tion ofNebraska Territory, be.sidcs a im
1857.] Intelligence. 121

live population ofthree hundred thousand cancolonization wentinto successful ope

soulssubject to the laws ofthe republic. ration. What maynot the next forty
TheRepublic of Liberia has an estab yearsaccomplish for Africa, in the way
lished government, with a legislature,a ofopening the interior of thatcontinent to
judiciary, a militia, and a nnvy — or at the world, where cities that viewith Lon
le.ista ship ofwar, the gift ofGreat Brit don, and Pane, and New York,.as to size,
ain; a system ofcurrency begun, a school arealready k:iown to exist? What may
system, thatrivals ourown, and a public not yet be hoped from Africa, with her
periodical press. Alreadyithas a college goldensands, with her native iron, mal
projected, of which the first President, leable even without the forge, and with
Hon. J. J. Roberts, a man ofcolor but of her diamonds — asthe most useful and
eminenceand excellence, is now President. valuable treasures of the world?
To it liberal bequestshave been made and When emigration ofAfrica's exiled sons
largedonations, in this country; and Presi shallflow back to theirfatherland, as the
dent Roberts hasvisited England ta secure sons of Erin and the exiles ofEuropetend
additional funds. Thepresent incumbent to this land of the free; orrather when,
ofthe Executive Chair, in Liberia, Hon. with their own free will, Africans shall
Steohen A. Benson,is a worthy successor desire to go to the home oftheir fathers;
ofthe first Presidentof this new Republic, and the facilities of emigration shall be
having been aresident ofAfrica since the greatly increased, what grand resultsmav
sixth year of hisage, and beingalmosta be seen? Europeans flock to the United
native. States, by thehalf million ayear. May
Theproductions ofLiberia are chiefly not theday yet come, and thatsoon, when
coffee, sugar, cotton, and ivory by ex hundreds of thousands ofthe colored race
change with thenatives of the interior. shall return to the golden shores oftheir
And already a considerable commerce with ancestry, in a single year, realizing, in
this countryhas sprung up. Somuch so, some degree, the exodusofthe Hebrew na
thatfor this commercialpurpose, but more tionfrom Egypt into thepromised Canaan?
especially fortransporting emigrants from In behalfof ihe Directors:
the United States, a vessel has beenfound S. STORKS HOWE.
necessary for the American Colonization
Society. TheState ofMaine undertook Notice. — All letters relatingtothe State
to supply one. When delay occurred,Mr Society operations, may be addressed to
Stevens, of the Eastern Shore ofMaryland, the Rev. Samuel Storrs H"\ve, Corres
made the magnificent donation ofa vessel ponding Secretary,at Iowa City; and all
at a cost ofover $30,000. Thisvessel will moneysmay beremitted to Morgan Reno,
now perform regular trips to and from Esq., Treasurer, at IowaCity, Iowa.
Liberia, as a commencementofa tineof
communication, which the Congress ofthe AJOINT RESOLUTION
United States has been invain solicited to Relating to the Independence ofLiberia.
establish, lest the increasingtrade of Li
Rrsolved by the GeneralAssembly of the
beria should be altogether diverted to
State ofIowa, That our senators in Con
Great Britain andEurope.
gress be instructed, and ourrepresentatives
Emigranthouses, also, have been sent
be requested, to usetheirinfluence to have
out for the betteraccommodation of the
the independence of Liberia, in Africa,
emigrants (luring the period of acclimation.
acknowledged by the Governmentof the
Alrendy these facilities ofemigration have
reduced the mortality ninety percent. United Stales
Resnlred, Thata copy of the foregoing
Seldom, if tver,hascolonization, any
resolution be forwarded by theSecretary
where on the face ofthe earth, beenat
ofState to each of oursenators and repre
tended with more happyresults. Alrendy
a nation,a republic, hasbeen born on that sentatives inCongress.
dark Ethiopianshore, stoppingthe horrors SAMUEL McFARLAND,
ofthe slave trade for seven hundred miles Speaker nfthr Iluuse <ij Reps.
of sea coast. Already, unassisted by the W. W'. HAMILTON,
arm of thecivil tovernmentat home, has President of Senate.
ApprovedJanuary 29, ]8"i7.
African colonization from Americataken
possession by purchase ofa vast territory, JAMES W. GRIMES.
and extended wholesome laws overa popu Office ofSecretary ofSlate, Jan 38, 1857.
lation nearly as large «s that of New I certifythe foregoing to bea true ropy
Hampshire, one of theold thirteen Stales from the original rollon file in my office.
of our Union, at its formation. And yet, ELIJAH SELLS,
forty years have not elapsed sinceAmeri Stcirtary if Stale.
122 Intelligence. [April,

Apublic meeting has been held in "Perhaps it may not be uninteresting

Jamaica, to protest against theslave trade toyou to know that GeorgeS. Seymour,
in Cuba,and the encouragement given to sentdown from the Pessey country tothe
it by citizensofthe United Slates. It was city of Buchanan, B;issa county, in No
resolved to send petitions against Uie vember last,a caravan of two hundred
trade to both Houses ofParliament. and fifty persons, laden with valuable
produce. He and his family and some
THE Mississippi Legislature makesun others are permanently residing in that
necessary cruelty to slaves an indictable country. Heinforms me thatit is a fine
offence, and prohibits any owner ofslaves cotton producing sectionof thecountry.
from punishing them with more than I furnished him with acotton sin (2"V-
nineand thirty lashes atany one timeand ernment property) a few monthRago, with
lorany one offence. the hope and belief that it will soon be
put in extensive requisition." — Coloniza
tion Herald.
WE learn that a new sugar mill is about
to be sent to Liberiaby the friends ofthe Extract of a letter received by the last
cause in New York. The valueof the steamer from England, dated Monrovia,
mill will be about $6,000. Liberia, January llth, 1857:
" The Trustees of Liberia College visit
The True Onion,printed at Tuskegee, ed ClayAshland on the1 1th of January,
Alabama,advocates there-opening ot the to determineupon a suitable location for
African slave trade. Possibly fifty per the college,and propose to takethe place
sons in that State,oneor two hundred in known as King Bromleys — on the north
the whole South may agree with the bank of St. Paul's river,about 12 miles
Union. But for the spread of the idea, it northeast of MonroviR, — givinga much
is too latein the day. larger river front, with better land, and
entirely free from theobjections to the
former place."
SLAVES AND COOLIES IN CUB*. —The
large profits realized by thesugar planters
ofCuba, have greatly stimulated theim FROM THE CAPE OF GOOD HOPE—By
ports ofAsiatic coolies and African slaves the arrival at this port of barque Fleet
during the past winter. The landingof Eagle, we have Cape ofGood Ho|ie papers
cargoes of Africans is now but very to the 30th of Dec. The Port Elizabeth
slightly concealed,and we have accounts Herald contains an account ofa dinner
of them almostevery week. In the car given in thatplace by Mr Huckins,for
goes of coolies arrivingthere is awide merly U.S Consul, tothe mercantile firms
difference in the mortality in different andothers,in return forthe kindness and
ships, ifthe reported number ofdeaths is hospitality shown to him. TheHon, Mr.
to berelied on. Dates tothe 8th March Fleming presided. Among the toasts
state that within theprevious fortnighta were" The heal h of Queen Victoria,'-—
cargo of 600Africans had bten landed " The health of the President ofthe Un ted
between Cardenasand Sierra JMorena— States, and the prosperity oftheGreat Re
Three cargoes ofAsiatics under contracts public, "(received with great enthusiasm')
for eight years service had alsoarrived, "The health ofMr. Huckins," (by Mr.
oneofthe ships, the Cora, owned in New Fleming,thePresident, in which he took
York,but wearing Peruvian colors, having occasion topaya high but merited com
lust S90. The other two ships were pliment to the American people.) "Pros
Dutch, and reported losing, oneonly ten, perity to thetrade with America,"&c.
and the other only eleven. Astock There issometalk of re-annexing the
company, under the lead ofMessrs. Tor- little Republic, beyond theOrange river,
rice, Puentis & Co.,which have imported to the Cape colony. Thecolonyis lapid-
7,600 of the Chinese coolies, have re ly advancing in prosperity. At Port
ported of known deaths on the passage Elizabeth, the exports of wool alone,
1,197.— Boston Traveller. have advanced from ten million poundsin
1855, to twelve millions in 1856. The
totalcustom house receipts of thecolony
A LIBERIAN CARAVAN —The growing for theyear,are estimated at nearly one
traffic ofthe Liberians with the interior is million dollars.
strikingly seen by the following fact,
whichwasmentioned in the postscript of THE NEW JERSEY COLONIZATION SOCIETT
arecent letterfrom President Benson: held its annual meeting on Wednesday
1857.] Intelligence.
evening, but the proceedings werebrought
to aspeedy close by the breaking out of
the fire in Mr.Quinby's coach factory,
which was close to the place ofmeeting.
The Newark Advertisergives thefollowing
sketch of ihe proceedings:—
Hon. J. C. Hornblower presided,in the
absence ofGov. Newell, who was detained
athome by illness in his family,and after
an invocation ofthe divine blessing by Kev.
Dr. Abeel, the annual reportwas read by
Dr. J. G. Goble, the Secretary.
The report is an able document,com
mencing with an allusion to the recent
violent political agitations which absorbed
the publicmind, and expressing thehope
that the scheme ofAfrican Colonization
will nowmove on, contributingits influence
to consummatethe mighty work which so
many of the wise and good ofour country
have been so long engaged. The great
principles which underlie the wholescheme
are Christianity,political expediency and
pure patriotism. Forty yearsago it was
thought, and is now, thatthe African could
never rise here to equalitywiththe whites
in social condition, and it was appurent
that they must be removed toa moreinde
pendent sphere, on their own originalsoil.
The result was the founding ofthe colony
in Liberia,where wenow behold a Chris
tian nation. Liberia,itsays,is now a well
constituted and prosperous government,
with a constitution modelled afterour own.
and the successful experiment is doing
muchto redeemthe race from the impu
tation ofmental imbecility, and suppress
the slave trade.
The prospect that the efforts of coloni
zation will ultimately relieve our country
from the evils of slavery is ably argued,
and the opinion expressed thatsome ofthe
national and State Governmentsshould be
enlistedinthe cause, and they should at
once recognize the Liberian Republic,and
establish displomatic relations with it.
The New Jersey Society has no salaried
officers, nor anyagent to collect funds, but
depends upon the good will offriends and
appeals to churches, and of all the State
Societies not one isconducted with greater
economy than this. Thewhole expenses
last year were only$146.34, and the re
ceipts were $5,12909,of which $1,000
was a legacy from Rev. S. Dod,and $3,000
from the State treasury; $4,957 64 have
been sent to the parentsociety, and $25.01
remainsin the treasury.
ABtrong appeal is made for means to
send forward emigrants,andrepair losses
from attacks ofa ferocious native tribe upon
the colony. Itis contended thatthe Gene
ral Government should appropriate some
123
ofits surplus means to benefitLiberia, and
establish steam communication with it;and
the report concludes by noticing thehono
rable position which NewJersey holdsin
the history of African colonization.
Dr. Goble also reada despatch from
Hon.J. B. Latrobe,who was tohave ad
dressed the meeting, stating thathe wua
detained by the risein theSusquehannah
river, which obstructed the lines oftravel.
Ex.Gov. Ptnney ofLiberia, Secretary of
the N. Y. Society, then commenced an
interesting address, describingthe progress
and present state ofLiberia, when the pro
ceedings were brought to asudden close
by the large firein the immediate vicinity
of the church.
Fiiom the African Coast. —The steam-
chip Gambiaarrived at Plymouth, England,
Dec. 4. She broughtdatesfollows:
Cape Coast.Nov. 11; Liberia, Nov. 15;
Bathurst, Nov. 91: Goree, Nov. 25;Ten-
eriffe, Nov. 30, and Madeira, Dec.2.
Disputes, chiefly between the native,
appearto prevail all along the coast
The British Consul visited the Came-
roonsin the steamer Gambia, and helda
palaver between thecontending tribes.
The Gambia brought from FernandoPo
to Teneriffe several members ofthe Spanish
missions and fourcolored youthsfor train
ing. Affairs at Lagos are quiet, but an
outbreak is hourly expected. The gun
vessel Minx, 3, Commander Koe,continues
in theharbor, waitingany contingency.
Oil plentiful, trade brisk, and the people
healthy. Both here and atAcerathecon
flict between the Ashanteesand their neigh
bors near Cape Coast Castle, is not yetat
an end, aad only 400 pounds ofgold could
be shipped inconsequence.
According to the Jl/rican, the Fellah
town ofConscofi was attacked on the 3d
of October by the Junmano, who killed
3,876on thefield, and took 100 prisoners.
Alpha Mohammed Li mi has lost his life,
with mostof the chief men ofhis party.
A severe engagementcommenced on the
15th, and ended on the 17th ofOctober,at
Nas8aiamee, between Barmoiand Sultan
Lahai, whose forces were completely
routed. Many werekilled, and fifty taken
prisoners. Preparations for hostilities
were making at Lokkoh, and there are
rumors ofan expected disturbance at Barra,
on the Gambia, to the north ofBathurst.
Sugar Mill in Liberia. — It gives us
pleasure to state '.hat on theSugar Farm
ofMr. J. M. Richardson, on theSt. Paul's
river,about 16 miles above Monrovia, there
is about 70acres of cane now in cultiva
124 Intelligence. [April,

tjon— with very favorable prospects;its ap- old at thedale of the Declaration of In
pearaive is highly spoken ofby those who dependence, and long before the second
have seen it. war with Great Britain broke outhe had
Mr. Richardson haslately built a sugar passed the three score yearsand ten!
house ofbrick, 60 feet by 30 feet, and 16
feet high, in which he hopes to havesugar AFRICA. — As one of the first important
the present year. results of Dr.Livingston's extensive ex
A FRIEND OF LIBERIA. plorations, the Directors of the London
Missionary Society have determined to
A bark of American build landed 600 take immediate measures for the com
Africans on Tuesday, of last week, about mencement of missionary operations in
fifteen miles I'laslof Cardenas: they have the newly explored regions. Two princi
been distributedas usual. The barkgot pal stations are to be established in ihe
il' the coast after the landing, in sixfety. first instance; one on the north of the
The discovery of guano islands on the I greatrirer Zambese,among the Makalolo,
South side of Cuba, is now exciting the where it isexpecled Dr. Livinjston him
public attention, and !he protectivecare of self will bewelcomed as a residentchris-
the government. Health good. li. Y. tian teacher; and the other or thesntun,
among Ihe Matabele, the subjects ofMose-
A GRATEFUL NEGRO. —" When Mr lekatsi. To this stationMr. MofFat isex-
Jonathan Cross, superintendent ofcolpor- pecteJ to remove. Fellow-laborers areto
tajje, was at the norlh collecting funds beconnected with both theseveteran mis
for the Tract Society, he was publicly sionaries.
catechised in variousplaces on thecondi- , Bishop Payneof Liberia,of the Epis-
lion of the slaves in the south. On oneI! c°Pal Board,has called the attention ofthe
occasion he was asked, among otherI Committee to the importanceof estabhsh-
questions, what the negroes thought of '! 'ong two new^statinrm,-one "on Na-Tea-
their own position He replied by men I Su, sixty milesin theinterior, among the
tioning the case ofan old servant inNorth mountains, above thefalls of theCavalla
Carolina, morethan a hundred years old, River,"and oneon Mt. St. John, orD'jn
who had been brought from Africain his Mountain,about twenty miles from Upper
youth, and converted to theChristian reli Buchanan, at an elevation of from five
gion in this country, and whn, everytime hundred to six hundred feet, "sufficient
he said his prayers, poured forthhis de to test the comparative health of the
vout gratitude that he had been stolen marshy coast and the highland interior."
away from aheathen land." Appropriations have been miide for the
In answer to this apology for kidnap- commencement ofboth these stations.
pery, we maysay, that we thank God
that Christ died, though he was "cruci EMINENT LIBER LITY. —The Financial
fied bywicked hands." Joseph, doubt Secretary of theSociety hasreceived, (j"St
less, was devoutly grateful to God that
as our numberisgoing to press,) through
he had been, as he said, "stolen away
out of the Itmd ofthe Helirewi," though theHouse of Henderson and Company,
the Jewish law condemned ihe man- ofNew Orleans, from the venerable David
stealer to death. We may notjustify
evil, though good may come out of it.— Hunt, Esq., of Rodney, Mississippi, a
God sent Joseph intobondage before his check for $25,000. Mr. Hunt has for
father and brethren "to preserve life,"
many years been foremost among the
but it wasin wrath andwickednessthat
he was sold into slavery. It is well that benefactors to this Society, nor less dis
God reigns in mercy, and makes our tinguished forbenevolence in other direc
wrath turn to his praise,or loi.gasro our
tions. Thanks to the Authorofall goi-d,
iniquities would have been our ruin.—
Pieabyttiian. who has granted to our distinguished
friend, the disposition and means of such
PETER NASSAU, a colored man, anda large beneficence,which in theconscious
rcsiden of Woodstock,Vt., has reached
nessof gooddone and theDivine appro
the extraordinaryage of 126 years!and
is doubtless the oldest living man in this bation, will lind its best reward. We
country. His history bus been traced have space only to express our gra iiude
uut byN. Haskell,townclerk of Wood
for this princely gift with prayerfor a Di
stock, and it appears he wusborn tvo
years before Washington,was 46 yrars vine blessingupen the donor.
1857] Death, of Friends ofihe Society. 125

Death of Friends to the Society.

MOSES SHEPPARD, of Baltimore, a mem severalhighlyresponsible positions with
ber of theSociety,has passed from life honor and usefulness, and the closing
at the age of84. He is represented asa years of hislife were devoted tothe in
man of " great business energy,a pru terestsof theVirginia Historical Society.
dent thrift, and undeviating rectitude."— His numerous writings,and many elo-
He rose from humble circumstancesto discourses, were ever in further-
great wealth. He wasa man of quick ofthe interests of humanity and the
observation, much sagacity and distin cause of God.
guished benevolence. He was thepro The REV. CALVIN CoLTO.v.D. D.—This
tectorand benefactor of orphan children, gentleman, so well known as the author
enabled many to engagein business in a of the life of Mr. Clay,died afew days
moderate way, but usually sodispensed since at Savannah. He was atall times
his charities as to leave those who re a warm and seadfast friend of this
ceivedthem, ignorant of the sourcefrom Society. True,yet tolerant, remarkable
which they came. A writer intheHaiti- for persevering energyin literary labor,
more Patriot saysofMr. Sheppard: "He following earnestly his convictions, but
was a plain blunt man; quiet in his ever with kindness and charity, heleaves
habits, vigorous in thought orspeech, but abundant evidence of the purity of his
yet concealing beneath a calm, passion- I motives,and the patriotism, philanthropy,
less exterior, the sweetest andtenderest j and piety of his purposes,
sympathies." He was a decided and ,• Thevenerable JOUK HAM, ofBangor,
active friend ofthe Colonization cause.— Me.,well known as a friend and benefactor
Dr. McGill,of Liberia,was educated at of this Society, whose namewas on the
a medical institution in Massachusetts, committee to obtain aship for the So
by Mr. Sheppard,and assisted by him to ciety, and whosememory will be cher
emigrate to Liberia, wherehaving become ished by all who knew hisinterest in the
aprominent merchant, toa vessel lately cause of Temperance or ofAfrica, has
built for him, he gavethe name of his passed to his heavenlyhome.
liberal benefactor. Mr. Sheppard was ji ZINAHYDE,ofBath, Me., was to the
never married Theprincipal part ofhis hourofhisrecentdecease a firm and libe
large estate, estimated at $600,000,isleft ral friend to theSociety.
to several trustees for the purpose of And while we write,preparations are
founding in thevicinity of Baltimore an makingforthefuneral ofNoAH FLETCHER,
asylum for theinsane. ESQ.,formorethan fortyyearsa citizen
WILLIAM MAXWELL, ESQ., ofVirginia, ij of Washington, and for several years,
one oftheVice Presidents ofthis Society, previous to the last, occupied with im
and from its origin an able, eloquent,and portant duties, discharged at all tiires
active friend, aripe scholar, of most agree with greatability,and thestrictest fidelity,
able manners, and by powers ofconversa in the office ofthis Society. Mr. Fletcher,
was anative of Massachusetts,and was
tion, eminently distinguished, above all
71 years of age. He maintainedanun
dedicated in heart and lifeto the interests blemished reputationduring his long life,
of philanthropy and religion, has been many warm affections clustered around
him.and hisdecease fillswi'h sidness many
called recently,to thatrest which remains
hearis. But the memory of thejust is
for the people of God. He had filled blessed.
126
Receipts ofthe American Colonization Society;
From the 20th of February to the 20iA ofMarch, 1857.
VERMONT.
Orwell— J. Hall
MASSACHUSETTS.
Cambridge — By Rev. J. Orcutt:
By parishioner* of Rev.John
A.Albro, D. D., toconstitute
him a life member ofthe A.C S.
Cambridgeport-By Rev. J. Orcutt:
By parishionersof Rev.S. R.
Mason, to constitute him a life
member ofthe A. C.S
Haverhill—By Capt. G. Barker:
Samuel Chase, $10, Mrs.Kel-
ley,$3, W. R. Whmier, $2..
Newburiiport — By Capt. G. Bar
ker: Capt. MicajahLunt, Wm.
Cushing, Mrs.Thomas Hale,
each' $20; Joshua Hale, $15;
Mrs. S. W. Hele, $20; E.S.
Rand, $10; Josiah Little', $4;
William Stone, $5; Mrs J. C.
Marsh,Hon. S. W. Marston,
each $3; MissF.B. Banister,
$2; A. W.Miltimer, Mrs. S.
Litt1e,each$1.50; Jas. Webster,
Capt.Spring, JacobStone,ea$l,
Lowell—Mrs. D G. Godden, to
constitute George G.Snedecor,
Rev. J. B. McLelland, and
Mrs. Sophia B. Hayes, of
Mississippi, and Miss Mary
Elizabeth Godden, ofLowell,
life members of the A. C. S..
RHODE ISLAND.
Providence — Hon. A.C. Barstow,
by Rev. J. Orcutt, $5;— By
Capt. G. Barker: UsherPar
sons, M. D.,$30; S. Hutchins,
$10; Z. Allen,John Whipple,
Hirun Kendall, Wm. G.An-
gell, F. Wavland, each $5;
Charles Dyer, Dea. W. An
drews, each $4; H. L. Ken
dall, H.P.Knight, L.A.Waile,
Benj. White, each $3; Miss
Halsey, Mrs. Kingsbury, each
$2; R. Angel, $1, Cash $1,$91.
CONNECTICUT.
ByRev. William Warren:
Greenwich — Miss S. Lewis, $25;
Augustus Mead,Mrs. S.Mead,
each $10; Mrs. E. Mason,S.
Mead,Z. Mead,W. F. Domi-
nick, R. W.Mead, each $5;
Rev. M. Mead,$2.50; Capt.
Lyon, O. Mead, Dr. Mead,
each $2; E.Mead, S.Mead,
Dr. Linsley,each $1
Receipts. [April,
S(«m/ord-S.Furguson, E.Moore-
500 wood, G. Elder, J. Belts,each
$5; Dea. Rice, Dea. Daven
port, J. D. Weeks,each $2... 26 00
Mw Hnen—L. Cartdee,$25; T.
Bishop, $20; A. Heaton, W.
30 00 Southworth. Dr. J. Day, A.
Ingerfol, Misses Gerry, each
$10; E. Atwater, $6; W. Bost-
wick, C. A. Judson, S. D.
30 00 Pardee, W.Johnson, W W.
Boardman, A. R. Street, W.
H. Elliott, E. C. Read, De-
15 00 Forest& Hodgkiss, D. Kim-
berly, Mr. Brewster, S.Foote,
Mrs. E. Whitney, sen.,each
$5; S. Gilbert, M.G. Elliott,
J. Nicholson, Prof. Goodrich,
each $3; L. Hodgkiss, S.
Noyes, H. N. Whittlesey,
each $2; J. E. Wilie, C Ro
binson, each $1 ($293.50).... 186 00
By Rev.J. Orcuti:
Hartford — Thomas S. Williams,
Thos. Smith, Jas B. Hosmer,
128 00 Rev. W. W.Turner, each$50;
Rev. Dr. Wheaton, Loyal
Wilcox, Austin Dunham,each
$25; L.C. Ives, Charles Sey
mour, Fr. Parsons, Alfred
Smith, each $20; A. W.But
ler, R. Mather,each $15; Lu
120 00 cius Barbour, E. N. Kellogg,
Cash, Cash, H. A.Perkins,
323 00 W. T. Lee, D. P. Crosby,Jos.
Trumbull, Calvin Day,Bishop
Brownell, C.C. Lyman, Wood
ruff & Beach, each $1U; H.&
W.Keney,$8; H.H.Barbour,
$7; Daniel Phillips, H. L.
Porter, J. F. Judd, B. C.
Hooker, Cash, T.M. Allyn,
Miss A. Goodman,Cash, Ste
phenSpencer, D. F. Robinson,
T. Belknap, J.W. Seymour,
S. S. Ward, T. Wadsworth,
ChesterAdams, H. Fitch, E.
T. Smith, Mrs. Chas. Pond,
96 00 Chas. Hosmer, C. H.North-
am,J. Warburton, C. Spencer,
R. G.Talcott, Elisha Call, D.
Watkinson, Mrs. Thos. Day,
W. L. Collins, N. Case, Al
bert Day, W. W. House,Mis
ses Draper, D. Hillyer, Job
Allvn, DavidWerson, C. H.
Biainard, T. K. Brace, C.
Boswell, Jas.Goodwin, Hun-
gerford & Cone, Eben. Flower,
81 50 Charles Cheney, Mrs. Ely,
1857.] Receipts.

Seth Terry, each $5;E. G. Centrr Broolfc—Congreg'l Church, 16 00

Ripley, E. W. Bolles,Mrs.R. Windsor Locks — Rev. Mr. Allen's
G. Talcott, WalterStillman, J. Socieiy 20 00
WBull, Charles Benton, E. Plymouth — Ed. Langdon,$10, in
Goodwin, Z. Preston, E. A. parttoconstitute Mrs. Edward
Bulkeley, Jas. Bartholomew, Langdon a life member of the
O. Allen, E. Taylor, Mis* A. C.S 10 00
Julia Seymour, Miss Emily ..Yew Haven — James Fellows, R.
Seymour, Mrs. Joseph Mor S. Fellows, each$15; C.Cowles,
gan, A. Hosford,each $3; G. Mrs. Salisbury, Eli Whitney,
Collier, E. Fessenden.S.Tuttle R. J. Ineersol, G Hallock,
&Sons, Cash, Cash, J. F. Henry White, each $10; T.
Morris, Cash, F. L.Gleason, Sherman,$8; James Brewster,
T. A. Alexander,R. S.Lyons, E. C. Read, C. M. Ingeraol,
C. T. Hillyer, A. Gill, L. P. N. Peck, Mrs. L. Chaplin,C.
Robinson,G. F. Davis, S. D. Wilcox, Mrs. Sarah Bristol,
Sperry, Henry Holmes,Thoi. A. F. Barnes, Cash, L. A.
Skinner, Charles Goodwin, Thomas, President Woolsey,
each $2; R.G. Drake, H. C. each $5; C. F. Selden, Mrs.
Judd, H. L. Bidwell, H. Maltby, Mrs. R. Hotchkiss,
Hooker, GeorgeW. Corning, Misa Mary Dutton, E. H.
E.W. Parsons, J.A. Butler, Peck. A. Blackman, each $3;
Geo. Burnham, E. Deming,S. D. W.Thomas, H W.Thom
W. Griswold, A. R.Hillyer, as, Cash,Mrs. Butterfield, A.
W.W. Roberts, L. Sheldon, C Twining, A. Treat, Miss
Cash, P. Jewell,W. H.White, Frances R. Day, J. Bowditch,
Dr. Taft, H. L.Miller, Mrs. Dr.Jewett, Mrs. T. D. Wheel
Geo. B. Corning, J.M. B. Mc- er, Henry Ives, Briggs &
Nary, R. Swift, Cash,G. Rob Smith, each $2; Rev. D. L.
ins, H. W.Taylor, S. P. Ogden, E. Benjamin, C B.
Kendall,E. T. Goodrich.Cash, Whittlesey, C. Bostwick, T.
M. Lord, H. French, J. C. H. Pease, H. Filch,Cash. M.
Walkley, N. Harris, Chas.E. Tyler, Cash, each $1 ($1288.50) 204 00
Fox, Mason Gross, J. G. Mix,
H. L. Fuller,each $1; H. E. 1582 00
Robins, $1.50 855 50 NEW YORK.
AftioLondon — Wm. C. Crump, New York City — Donation «fa
$25, in full toconstitute him friend to constitute Mrs. Har
self a life member ofthe A. C. riet N. Bell, ofJackson, Miss.,
S 25 00 alife memberofthe A. C. S.,
Alio Britain— F. H. North, H. by Rev. J.B Pinney 30 00
Stanley,each $25; OliverStan NEW JERSEY.
ley, C. B. Erwin, H.E. Rus West Bloomjield — Rev. Abner
sell, each $10; T. F.Stanley, Brundge, by Rev. W.Mitch
Mrs. E. N. Rockwell, Mrs. ell 10 00
Henry North, J. B. Talcott, GEORGIA.
Elnathan Peck, G.M. Landers, Augusta — Miss H B. Longstreet,
each $5; H. Butler,$3; S. Car bv R. Campbell, Esq 10 00
penter; O. H. Seymour, O. S. TENNESSEE.
Judd, 1. N. Lee, C.M. Lewis, Knoxville Rev. Thomas W.
each $1 118 00 Humes 10 00
Sockvitle — Alonzo Bailey, $10, OHIO.
A. Hammond, C. Winchell, Collections by Rev. B. 0.Plimp
each $3; Geo. Kellogg, $2; ton, as follows:
Wm. Butler, D.Loomis.Wood Carrollon, $15; .'iufmrn, %6;Wells-
& Brown,each $1 21 00 ville, (Mrs. Jennings,) — $10;
Ellington — John H. Brockway, J7nily,$15; Fairfield, $11; Brook.
$5, Dr. R. Patton, B.Grant, (in, $5 68 00
Noah Pease, Rev. Dr.Tucker, Canton — John Harris 500
Rev. T. K. Fessenden, Rev. By J. C. Stockton:
Chas. Hyde, each $2;N. E. Adam's Mills— Matthew Scott,
Chaffee, H. C. Griswold, each $10; James Scott, James E.
$1 19 00 Robinson, each $2;C. Mar-
128
quand, 41.50; H.Scott, S.H.
Scott, Catharine Scott, .Tames
Bell, Wm.Godfrey, each $1;
MissJane Denney, 50cents..
Coshocton — Hun. Wm. K. John
son and brother, $5; Dr. Saml.
Lee,Misses Spangler, each$2;
Rev. W. E. Hunt, Dr.A. L.
Cass; Humerick-house,. H.
N. Shaw, each $1
Muskingum- Washington Adams,
$5, Collection in church,$l.50,
Dresden— J. H. Egbert, $3 50;
W H.Cox, $3; Mr.Martin,
J. S. Crane, W. A. Small-
wood, C. 11. Copeladd, Dr.
Cone, Dr.Cass, G.Copeland,
J. H. Bainter, M.Dorsey, O.
Doisey, each $1
Granville — Rev. A. Sanford, S.
N. Sanford, each$5; A. Prit-
cliard,$?; Rev.C.S. Doolittle,
R. Granger, Mrs. G. B.John
son, Mrs. E. P. French, D.
Humphrey, each $1
McKean — J. P. Divinv, Edward
Nichol, Wm. H.Nichol, Se-
mar Wood, each $1; Others,
50 cenls , 4 50
Liberty — Collection in Fletcher
Chapel
INDIANA.
La Porte— J. Early
ILLINOIS.
Jacksonville— Bv Rev. J. C. Fin-
ley: WilliamBrown, Esq.$100;
Matthew Stacy, S. V. King,
each $5
Springfield— By Rev. J.C.Finley:
Joseph Thayer, $30; Benj'n
Edwards, J. L. Lamb, each
$10; E. B. C. Hawley,$5;D.
A. Brown, $25.,..
WISCONSIN.
Btloil —Third installment of le
gacy of Mrs. L Colton, by
Rev. A. L. Chapin
Total Contributions, $2,426 57
FOR REPOSITORY.
Maine. Hartland. Kingman
Ham, to April, '58
Vermont —Union Village — Es
tate ofJohn Hall, to Jan. '57.
Massachusetts. — Haverhill' By
Capt. G. Barker:Mrs. A. Kilt-
ridge, $1, toJan. '59; Dr. M.
Nichols, M. D. George, W.
[April, 1857.]
R.Whittier, LeonardWliittier,
each $1, to May, '58; Rev.
Arthur S. Train, $3, to Jan.
21 00 '58. Nevcburyporl — Josiah Lit
tle, Mrs.Eben Hale, each $1,
to Jan. '57; Hon. S. W.Mars-
ton, R. Robinson, Dea. Cald
well, William Gunnison,each
$1, to Jan. '58; Nathan Hor-
13 00 ton,$l,to May, '58 15 00
Rhode Island. — Providence— By
C50 Capt G.Barker: Menzie Sweet,
Charles Dyer, Dea. W.An
drews, Young Men'sChristian
Association, Colored Shelter,
Mrs. J. H. Read, each $1,to
Jan. '58; Mrs. Elislin Dyer,
$3, to Jan. '58; Alexis Caswell,
16 50 EarlCarpenter, H. L. Kendall,
HenryP. Knight, euch$2, to
Jan. '58; Thomas Eddy, Hon.
ElUha Harris, each $1, to Jan.
'57 19 08
Connecticut. —North Haven
17 00 Solomon A. Orcutt, for 1857,
$1. Centre Brook — Dea. W.
Redfield, to Jan. '57, $1. Green-
wich — Z. Mead, for 1856, by
Rev. W.Warren, $1. Hartford
—Seth King, to Jan. '5*, by
407 Rev.J. Orcutt, $1 400
New YoRK.-.#)ntnou(iscoo&-Mrs.
155 57 A. Brackett,to Jan. '5b 300
Maryland. — Baltimore— Henry
15 00 Patterson, for 1857 I 00
District of Columbia. — Wash
ington— Or. Lester Noble, for
1857 1 00
Virginia. — Prince Edward-Mrs.
110 00 Anne S. Rice, toJan. '58, $5.
FredericKshurg — S. G. Scott, to
Feb.'57,fU. Wheeling— Daniel
Zane, to'jan. '58, $5 II 00
South Carolina. Columbia—
80 00 Rev. Henry Turner, to Mar.
'58 1 00
190 00 Georgia. —Hawkinscille-rbl. Me-
Gee, toJan. '58 200
Alabama.— Im Fayette—Mrs. E.
Gilmer, for 1857 1 00
250 00 Tennessee. — GaI/«/in-Miss Ann
Banks, to Mar. '58 100
Kentucky. — Lexington-Rev. W.
B. Browne,to Jan. '57 500
Ohio. — Beltbrook-Dan'l Holmes,
to July, '57, $1. Cincinnati—
1 00 Manning F. Force, for1857, $1 200
4 00 Total Repository 71 00
" Contributions 2,426 57
" Legacies 250 00
Aggregate Amount. .$2,747 57
 LIFE DIRECTORS.
Hon. THOS. W. WILLIAMS, Conn., JAMES BOORMAN, Esq. N. Y.
THOMAS R. HAZARD, Esq., R. I. SOLOMON STURGES, Esq., Ohio,
Rev. LEONARD BACON, D. D.. Conn. CHARLES MCMICKEN,Esq., “
Rev. EBENEZER BURGESS. D. D., Mass., HENRY STODDARD, Esq., “
FRANCIS GRIFFIN. Esq., Miss., Rev. JOHN MACLEAN, D. D., N. Jersey,
Gen. JOHN H. COCKE, Virginia, WILLIAM SILLIMAN, Esq., Louisiana,
Rev. J. E. PINNEY. New York, J.AMES HALL, M. D., Maryland.
Rev. W. MCLAIN, Dis. Col. Hon. MILLARD FILLMORE, N. Y.
HERMAN CAMP, Esq., New York, ALEXANDER DUNCAN, Esq., R. I.
STEPHEN DUNCAN, M. D., Miss. Hon. ALBERT FEARING, Mass.
JOHN MURDOCK, Esq., “ Rev. R. S. FINLEY, N. J.
JAMES RAILEY, Esq., “ Hon. WILLIAM APPLETON, Mass.
ALVAREZ FISK, Esq., “ Rev. R. R. GURLEY, Dist. of Col.
DAVID HUNT, Esq., “ Hon. FRANKLIN PIERCE. N. Y.
CHARLES BREWER, Esq. Pa., GEORGE LAW, Esq., N. Y.
NICHOLAS MILLS. Esq., Va., Hon. EDWARD COLES, Pa.
J. KNICKERBACKER, Esq., N. Y. JOHN P. CROZER, Esq., Pa.

Delegates appointed by State Auxiliary Societies for 1857.

MAINE .—Rev. Francis B. Wheeler.
MASSACHUSETTS .—Rev. Joseph Tracy, T. R. Marvin, Esq., James Hayward, Esq.,
William Ropes, Esq., (one vacancy.)
CONNECTICUT.—Hon L. F. S. Foster, Hon. Isaac Toucey, Hon. John Woodruff,
Hon. Wm. W. Welch, Hon. John A. Rockwell, Hon. S. H. Huntington, Hon.
Charles A. Ingersol, Hon. John A. Brockway, Hon. Ebenezer Jackson, William
S. Charnley, Esq., William C. Crump, Esq., E. C. Elliott, Esq., Charles Parker,
Esq., George W. Shelton, Esq., J. G. Beckwith, M. D., Rev. G. S. Coit, D. D.,
Rev. Joseph Brewster, Rev. John Orcutt.
NEW YORK.—Anson G. Phelps, Esq., Rev. B. J. Haight, D. D., Rev. Thos. DeWitt,
D. D., D. M. Reese, M. D., Charles H. Huswell, Esq., Rev. A. D. VanZandt,
D. D., H. M. Shieffelin, Esq., Rev. Joseph Holdich, D. D., Rev. John N.
McLeod, D. D., Francis Hall, Esq., Hon. D. S. Gregory, Isaac T. Smith, Esq.,
Nathaniel Hayden, Esq., Hon. Hamilton Fish, L. B. Ward, Esq., Hon. Wash-
ington Hunt, John C. Devereaux, Esq., Hon. J. B. Skinner, Joseph B. Collins,
Esq., Hezekiah Loomis, Esq., Caleb Swan, Esq., Jas. T. Johnston, Esq., Hon.
Herman Camp, Thomas Davenport, Esq., Hon. H. J. Baker, Hon. A. Ayrnult,
Rev. G. W. Bethune, D. D., Albert Porter, Esq., A. Champion, Esq., Hon. E.
G. Spaulding, Hon. J. W. Beekman, Hon. A. Wakeman, Benjamin Coates, Esq.,
of Philadelphia, Geo. W. S. Hall, Esq., of Baltimore, Rev. J. Mitchell, of In-
dianapolis, Ind.
NEW J ERSEY.—Rev. Jonathan T. Stearnes, D. D., Rev. Alexander W. McClure, D.
D., J. G. Goble, M. D., Col. W. C. Alexander, Rev. John Maclean, D. D., John
P. Jackson, Esq., Richard S. Field, Esq.
PENNSYLVANIA .—Rt. Rev. Alonzo Potter, D. D., William Parker Foulke, Esq., Wm.
Coppinger, Esq., Samuel H. Perkins, Esq., William V. Pettit, Esq., Rev. Chas.
Brown.
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA .—Rev. Byron Sunderland, D. D.
VIRGINIA .—Rev. P. Slaughter, Rev. D. S. Doggett, D. D., Rev. T. B. Balch, D. D.,
Rev. John A. Brodus, Hon. J. S. Caskie, Hon. William Smith, Hon. C. J.
Faulkner, Rev. Leroy M. Lee, D. D., Rev. Dr. Sparrow, Rev. W. H. Starr,
Col. Thomas H. Ellis, Rev. Mr. Coulling, Dr. James H. Cabell, Prof. Bledsoe,
Rev. Dr. McGuffie, Dr. James H. Minor, Hon. A. A. Stuart, John Howard, Esq.,
Rev. George D. Cummins, Rev. John C. Smith.
KENTUCKY.—Hon. W. L. Underwood, Rev. Alex. M. Cowan.
 Nex t E x pe dit io n.
Our Ship, the MARY CAROLINE S TEVENS, will sail from Baltimore and Norfolk
the 1st of May next. Application for freight or cabin passage should be
made to Dr. James Hall, Colonization Office, Baltimore ; for steerage passage, imme-
diately to this office. The Ship will touch at all the ports in Liberia. Fare: Cabin $100;
Steerage §35. Freight, $1.50 a barrel, 30 cents a cubic foot, $10 a ton. Palm oil, 5
cents a gallon on the entire capacity of the casks. No single package will be taken
for less than $1. All freight will be received and delivered alongside the ship, or
landed at the risk and expense of the shipper or consignee. Passage and freight to
be paid in advance. Five per cent, primage will be charged on all freight which is not
paid in advance.
All persons sending parcels and packages by Express or otherwise to Baltimore,
to be forwarded in the ship, must pay the expenses on the same, including drayage to
the ship, in Baltimore. No freight will be received at Norfolk.—The ship will only
touch there for emigrants and their baggage and other belongings.
All letters sent to the care of this office will be duly forwarded in the ship.
Papers friendly will please copy.

Terms of the Repository

The African Repository is issued regularly on the 1st of every monyh, at $1 per
annum, payable in advance.
The Repository will be sent gratuitously—
To every clergymen who takes up annually a collection to aid the Am. Col. Society.
To every person who contrihutes annually ten dollars, or more, to the Society.
To every life member of the Society ;—constituted by the payment of tihty dollars.
To every person obtaining three new subscribers, and remiting the money.
Subscribers who may not be visited by any of our regular agents, will please remit to
the Secretary and Treasurer of the Society, the amount of their subscription, in any
kind of funds which may be most convenient to them ; which will be acknowledged
by mail, free of postage, and also in the succeeding number of the Repository.

Form of Request to the A. C. S.

Those who wish to make bequests to the American Colonization Society, can best
secure their object by using the following form, viz : “ I give and bequeath the sum of
_______ dollars to A. B., in trust for the American Colonization Society,” &c.