Fall 2016-2017

Abu Dhabi University

EEN339: Internship

Authored by:
Raghad Jz Abuolwan 1045560
Supervised by:
Dr.Montasir Qasymeh

September 3, 2017
 Alrakha cont general transport LLC
Galaxy advanced general contracting LLC
Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates Starting Date of Internship: 2nd, July
2017
End Date of Internship:10th, July 2017
Number of Internship Days:30 Days
Total Number of Hours: 240

1
 Faculty supervisor Company supervisor

———————– ———————–

Dr.Montasir Qasymeh Assistant Pro- Mohamed Al-bick Assistant Pro-

fessor of Electrical Engineering fessor of Electrical Engineering

2
1 Acknowledgements
This 6-week internship period was such a profitable opportunity for gaining
professional experience. I would like to take this opportunity to thank the ca-
reer development department in Abu Dhabi University (ADU) for arranging
this internship for me. Also, i would like to extend my deepest appreciation
to Eng. shereen shokri who, despite being busy with finalizing phase 1 of the
project, taught me from her valued experience. Finally, i would like to thank
dr.Montasir Qasymeh for his valuable guidance and advice throughout this
internship.

3
2 Weekly Timetable
This section is dedicated to schedule and list the learning activities that have
been done through the 6-week internship training as follows:

Figure 1: The schedule of the First Week of Internship

Figure 2: The schedule of the Second Week of Internship

4
Figure 3: The schedule of the Third Week of Internship

Figure 4: The schedule of the Fourth Week of Internship

5
Figure 5: The schedule of the Fifth Week of Internship

Figure 6: The schedule of the Sixth Week of Internship

6
3 Introduction
3.1 Executive Summary of the Internship
In completion of my Undergraduate degree in Electrical Engineer, I was
assigned to complete my Summer Internship (2017) with Al-rakha cont gen-
eral transport LLC. Al-Rakha group has been providing an outstanding and
timely general contracting and construction management services in contract-
ing projects assigned by clients for 25 years. I received my 6-week internship
training in Ansam Project shown in Fig. 7, which is currently under-
construction of phase 1 in Yas Island. The finished four residential buildings
in the project are built on the Andalusian Style, which includes 540 studios,
1-BR, 2-BR, and 3-BR units. [5]

Figure 7: Ansam Project

The construction of Ansam project is taken over by five collaborating

companies where the main contractor is the Construction General Contract-
ing House (CGCH), the MEP contractor is Galaxy Advanced General Con-
tracting LLC, the consultant is Khatib and Alami (KA), the client is Al-
DAR, and the project manager is Al-rakha. Galaxy Advanced General Con-
tracting is responsible for the design and construction of Electrical, Mechani-
cal, and Plumping services of the project. For acquiring technical knowledge
about electrical distribution and other electrical systems in a building, i was

7
trained by the electrical department of Galaxy General Contracting under
the supervision of Engineer Shereen Shokri. She is a senior engineer who is
responsible for following up with the work done by other engineers, verifying
their designs conformity with the allowable engineering practices, carrying
out the cabling and load calculations, ordering the requisite electrical equip-
ment, and submitting documents for ADDC inspections.
The Learning activities of this internship are as follows:

1. Distribution of electricity inside the building and calculating

the total connected load (TCL) and current for break size
selection.

2. Life and Safety systems design inside the building (Fire Alarm
and central Battery Systems).

3. Low Current and Security systems design inside the building

(CCTV, Security Aarm, ISV).

In pursuance of the previously mentioned learning activities, the following

have been reviewed:

• Cabling Voltage Drop Calculations

• Main Electrical Room

• Transformer Room

• Low Voltage (LV) Panel

• Reviewing Fire Alarm, voice evacuation and co systems submittal.

• Take off for light cost estimations.

• Electrical power distribution system from the Main distribution boards

to the sub-main distribution boards allocated in each floor

• Reviewing low current systems and their riser diagrams.

8
Contents
1 Acknowledgements 3

2 Weekly Timetable 4

3 Introduction 7
3.1 Executive Summary of the Internship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

4 Description of the Company and the Project 12

5 Internship Activities 14
5.1 Safety Induction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
5.1.1 Bus Bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
5.2 The Electrical Substation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
5.2.1 Dry Type Substation Transformers . . . . . . . . . . . 18
5.2.2 High Voltage Room . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
5.2.3 Low Voltage Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
5.2.4 Secondary Distribution System: Low Voltage Trans-
former . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
5.2.5 Wall Mounted Electrical Room SMDB . . . . . . . . . 26
5.3 Single Line Diagram of the Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
5.3.1 Determining the Suitable Size of Cable for Electrical
Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
5.4 Power and Light Schematics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
5.5 Circuit Breakers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
5.6 Take off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
5.7 Low Current Systems: Life and Safety Systems Design inside
the building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
5.7.1 Clear Agent Suppression System . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
5.8 Low Current and Security Systems Design . . . . . . . . . . . 48

6 Assessment of the Internship 49

7 Conclusion 50

9
List of Figures
1 The schedule of the First Week of Internship . . . . . . . . . . 4
2 The schedule of the Second Week of Internship . . . . . . . . . 4
3 The schedule of the Third Week of Internship . . . . . . . . . 5
4 The schedule of the Fourth Week of Internship . . . . . . . . . 5
5 The schedule of the Fifth Week of Internship . . . . . . . . . . 6
6 The schedule of the Sixth Week of Internship . . . . . . . . . . 6
7 Ansam Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
8 The organizational Chart of Al-rakha cont general transport
LLC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
9 Safety Helmet/ High visibility vest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
10 Bus Bar Trunking and a Cable Tray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
11 A Bus Bar Riser from the Main Distribution Board in JA-12 . 16
12 Bus Bar Trunking and a Cable Tray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
13 Bus Bar Trunking System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
14 The Dry Type Transformer in the Transformer Room of JA-12 19
15 The Dry Type Transformer in the Transformer Room of JA-12 20
16 The route of the ADDC cable to the HV Room . . . . . . . . 21
17 The International Safety Symbol for High Voltage Indication
for Electrical Substation that Transforms the distribution High
Voltage to Usable Voltages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
18 The connection Between the Main Distribution Boards and
the Low Voltage Room in JA-12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
19 Ring Incomer 1 in the Low Voltage Panel/ what is fed to the
Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
20 Ring Incomer 2 in the Low Voltage Panel/ What leaves the
Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
21 The Low Voltage Panel/switch-gear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
22 The Outgoing from Transformer into the Low Voltage Panel . 24
23 The Current Transformer Used to Measuring the Current . . . 24
24 The Nameplate of the Step-down Transformer . . . . . . . . . 25
25 The Sub-main Distribution Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
26 Installation Details of a Wall Mounted SMDB . . . . . . . . . 27
27 Ratings of the MCCB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
28 A Central Battery that can be Found in Electrical Rooms . . 29
29 Self-contained Lighting for Exit/Escape Points . . . . . . . . . 30

10
30 Maximum Allowable Voltage Drop comparison between ser-
vice connection and the utilization points . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
31 Maximum Allowable Voltage Drop comparison between ser-
vice connection and the utilization points . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
32 ELECTRICAL SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM (JA-12)-SHEET 1
OF 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
33 ELECTRICAL SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM (JA-12)-SHEET 2
OF 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
34 The Lighting Socket-outlet Legends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
35 Second Floor Light System Layout for JA-12 . . . . . . . . . . 35
36 Second Floor Power System Layout for JA-12 with the Power
System Legend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
37 The Load Schedule of the Final Distribution Board of FLat
(203) in Building JA-12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
38 The Load Schedule of the Final Distribution Board of studio
(208) in Building JA-12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
39 Ring circuit/ socket wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
40 Radial circuit/ socket wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
41 An Electrical Circuit Breaker Panel of a Studio in JA-10 . . . 41
42 An MCCB with an External Operated Handler . . . . . . . . 41
43 An MCCB with an External Operated Handler . . . . . . . . 42
44 Fire Alarm System and Voice Evacuation System in Building
JA-12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
45 Fire Alarm System Riser including the System Components
that are installed in Building JA-12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
46 2 Core Shielded Fire Resistant Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
47 Class A Wiring to the FACP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
48 Class B Wiring to the FACP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
49 The Clean Agent for Extinguishing Fire in Electrical Systems 48
50 Low Current Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

11
4 Description of the Company and the Project
Al-Rakha Group is a cluster of companies that form one of the front-runner
companies in the construction industry in the UAE. Al Rakha General Con-
tracting Company WLL started out as a single company in 1986, which has
joined 4 other companies on the part of creating a group. [6]
Al-rakha group arranged transportation and carpentry and aluminum divi-
sions in order to be complementary to their construction services in 1999.
The transport division of the group is concerned with providing well-timed
delivery of the construction materials and tools to the site. Figure 8 shows
the hierarchical organizational chart of Al-Rakha Group where the groups
with higher positions are at the top, while individuals working for them
are beneath them. On the head of the organizational chart, the project di-
rectors, administrative director, and the transport department head can be
seen. Following up with project budget and schedule is the responsibilities of
the project directors. The projects budget, cost reduction, business planing
are under the responsibilities of the administrative director. The transport
department is concerned with providing timely and effective transportation
to projects and employees. The MEP project manager Mr. Mohammed
Al bick, who is responsible for interns, manages the electrical-mechanical-
pluming part of the project. Beneath his supervision comes the engineering,
planning engineer, construction manager, and the quality supervisor.
There are two senior engineers for Galaxy Advanced General Contract-
ing: an electrical senior engineer Ms.sheeren shokri, and mechanical senior
engineer Mr. Mohammed Badr. The senior engineers verify the electrical
and mechanical drawings drawn by the AutoCad Operators.

12
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pan Pro
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Al Rakha Group Al Rakha Group

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Constructing Dreams...

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Since 1986 p a P ro
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13

Figure 8: The organizational Chart of Al-rakha cont general transport LLC

5 Internship Activities
5.1 Safety Induction
In the first activity of the internship, we were instructed about the available
entry, exists, emergency exists and the assembly points in the site by the
safety manager. The safety manager has emphasized on the importance of
using safety equipment provided by the company and restricted site visits
to be under-supervision of a site engineer. The reason for this is that the
buildings and the electrical substations were still under-construction. The
trenches where cables are extended underneath were not placed in their po-
sitions.

Figure 9: Safety Helmet/ High visibility vest

14
5.1.1 Bus Bar

Figure 10: Bus Bar Trunking and a Cable Tray

Bus Bars are conductors assembled for collecting electrical currents coming
from a incomer feeder and distributing it to out-coming feeders in the low
voltage panel shown in Figure 11. One of the fundamental considerations in
the design of Electrical Power Distribution systems is space, which is occupied
by the electrical equipment and cabling, and the cost of installation. Hence,
Bus bar trunking installations are preferred to cabling system. In Bus Bar
Trunking systems (BBT) depicted in Figure 10, bus bars are enclosed in
high protective aluminum/copper enclosures that are essential for relegating
animals such as rodents. Bus bar trunking system reduces the number of
circuits required for power distribution in a building. Bus Bar riser, shown
in Figure 11, starts from the main distribution board in the Low Voltage
(LV) Panel and rises to all floors making a single circuit, whereas cabling
system requires a circuit for each floor. This justifies the reason for choosing
bus bar trunking system over cabling system that not only reduce the cost
but also reduces the requisite space for installation. [24]

15
Figure 11: A Bus Bar Riser from the Main Distribution Board in JA-12

Figure 12: Bus Bar Trunking and a Cable Tray

16
5.2 The Electrical Substation

Figure 13: Bus Bar Trunking System

Electrical substations step down the high Primary distribution voltages to

lower voltage levels for power distribution through a step-down transformer
near the load centres. The reason for having the transformer stepping the
voltage down to the utilization level near the loads is to cut down the cost
by reducing the length of the secondary distribution line. [8]
Figure 13 shows the schematics of the substation in building JA-12. Elec-
tricity is supplied to the building through a high voltage cable extended from
the Abu Dhabi Distribution Company (ADDC) to the high voltage (HV)
room. High voltages are fed to the High Voltage Panel through 2 feeders from
the HV sides of the two transformers in figure 13. The power distribution
design of each building in Ansam Project utilizes 2 bus-bar risers outgoing
from the Main Distribution boards (MDB-G1 and MDB-G2), which are
situated in the Low Voltage Room (LV Room). Switch-gear guarantees safe
electrical distribution through switching, controlling, and protection devices
that disconnect faulty circuitry, while having continuous supply to the safe
ones. [12]

17
5.2.1 Dry Type Substation Transformers
The design of the main electrical room in any building of Ansam Project
(Phase 1) uses two substation dry type transformers shown in Figure 14.
The insulation material of this type of transformers is a non-liquid dry ma-
terial. The high voltage side of the transformer meets the high voltage cable
extended by the ADDC has a low current as a result of the high secondary
distribution voltage (V α I). A single core transformer has a pair of 3 phase
cables and a neutral cable that can be seen in Figure 15. 4 core transformers
have 11 cables where 3 pairs of them are phase cables, and the other two
cables are neutral cables. The voltage at this side of the transformer is low;
hence, the current is magnified to 630 A for a single core transformer. The
stepped down voltage is then supplied to the low voltage panel where power
is distributed by a bus bar. [19] The advantages of the Dry type substation
transformer are as follows:

• Does not cause fire hazards.

• High resistance for short circuits.

• Eliminates the possibility of having oil leakage which makes dry type
more environmental friendly than oil type transformers.

• Less costly installation.

• Less thermal and dielectric heating leading to longer service [19]

18
Figure 14: The Dry Type Transformer in the Transformer Room of JA-12

19
Figure 15: The Dry Type Transformer in the Transformer Room of JA-12

5.2.2 High Voltage Room

The high voltage (22 Kv) of Abu Dhabi Distribution Company (ADDC)
cable is supplied to the electrical substation by passing the High Voltage
cable across a wall opening in the Transformer room as depicted in Figure
16. The incoming high voltage is fed into the High Voltage Panel through
a cable beneath the high voltage trench that coming from the high voltage
side of the (Hv-Lv transformer). The high voltage panel consists of the
high voltage switch-gear that includes switching and high voltage protection
devices. In some cases, medium voltage switch-gear can be found side by
side with the high voltage switch-gear in the high voltage room.

20
 Figure 16: The route of the ADDC cable to the HV Room

Figure 17: The International Safety Symbol for High Voltage Indication for
Electrical Substation that Transforms the distribution High Voltage to Us-
able Voltages

21
5.2.3 Low Voltage Panel
In order to distribute power throughout the building, the High Voltage should
be stepped down to a usable 3 phase voltage (415 v) and fed into the low volt-
age (LV) switch-gear. As illustrated in Figure 18, there are two sub-main
distribution boards SMDB-GAS, SMDB-GBS feeding parts A and B of
the ground floor of the building, an emergency sub-main distribution board
ESMDB-G, and a capacitor bank (150KVA) for power factor correction. In
this project, the sub-main distribution boards (SMDB-GBA SMDB-GAS)
are not supplied by the two bus bars; instead, they are connected to the main
distribution boards through cables underneath the LV trench. Bus bar risers
deliver electricity to the electric rooms (Sub-main Distribution Boards) in
each floor, and cable trays deliver electricity from the main electrical room
to the loads in the ground floor. The emergency sub-main distribution board
(ESMDB-G) is fed from a spare generator in addition to the main distribu-
tion board (MDB-G2). The Emergency sub-main distribution board assure
the continuity of supply in case of interruption or failure in the supply of the
main distribution board.

Figure 18: The connection Between the Main Distribution Boards and the
Low Voltage Room in JA-12

The low voltage panel divides up the electric supply fed from an incomer
bus between branch circuits and provides protective devices such as: MCCB,
MCB, and HRC fuses. One of the main components of the low voltage panel
is the Low Voltage (LV) switch-gear. Current Transformers (CT) are in-
strument transformers used in electrical power distribution systems for mea-

22
Figure 19: Ring Incomer 1 in the Figure 20: Ring Incomer 2 in the
Low Voltage Panel/ what is fed to Low Voltage Panel/ What leaves
the Panel the Panel

suring and protection. Current transformers protect the measuring device

from high currents by placing it on the secondary side where a smaller cur-
rent proportional to the current of the primary side flows. More specifically,
the electromagnetic signal of the current transformer activate the protective
relays and measuring equipment for current, power, and energy metering. [21]

Figure 21: The Low Voltage Panel/switch-gear

23
Figure 22: The Outgoing from Transformer into the Low Voltage Panel

Figure 23: The Current Transformer Used to Measuring the Current

24
5.2.4 Secondary Distribution System: Low Voltage Transformer
Metal nameplates are mounted on the shields of power and distribution trans-
formers for providing essential information about its installation and opera-
tion either by printing or by stamping it on the metal. Figure 24 shows the
stamped nameplate of the step-down transformer, which is shown in Figure
14, located in the Main Electrical Room of Each Building. The manufac-
turer, serial number, and the year of manufacture are the most fundamental
and basic requisite information provided by any nameplate. [4]

Figure 24: The Nameplate of the Step-down Transformer

As described in the Nameplate in Fig.24, the voltage level of the High

Voltage (HV) of the low voltage distribution transformer is stepped down
from 22 to 0.415 Kv on the Low voltage side (LV) of the transformer.

25
5.2.5 Wall Mounted Electrical Room SMDB
Usually, Sub Main Distribution Boards (SM-DB) are installed in a different
location from the Main Distribution Boards (MDB) and the distribution
switch-gear. There are a number of design standards that facilitates the
design of electrical rooms, which does not necessarily imply that the judgment
of an experienced engineer can be over-ridden. Final Distribution boards in
each floor should be supplied by at least from a single panel in the electrical
room, and each panel is fed from a single feeder. Water sprinklers shall not
be installed in electrical rooms; instead, clear agent suppression systems are
employed for protection of fire hazards. Lightening in the electrical room
should have reachable switches in addition to wiring at least one light to the
emergency panel. [17]

Figure 25: The Sub-main Distribution Board

26
 The electrical rooms (SMDB-GA) and (SMDB-GB) in Ansam Project
are separated from the Low voltage panel as per the regulations of electrical
room design where an emergency lightening battery is installed. Sub-main
distribution boards can be either supplied through a cable trench or PVC
duct pipes. In some cases, electrical rooms panels are fed from the bus bar
trunking that begins from the bus bar riser in the main electrical room. The
schematic diagram of the Sub-main Distribution Board (SM-DB) is shown in
Figure 25. Sub Main Distribution Boards are enclosed in a Electro-galvanized
steel sheet that should have a thickness of at least 2mm by specifications. [18]

Figure 26: Installation Details of a Wall Mounted SMDB

As per the specifications, bus bar shall be mounted on a non-hygroscopic

insulators, which does not absorb the moisture. Hence, it is required to

27
choose an isolator material that can withstand the short circuit current while
protecting the bus bar from moisture. [18]
The feeder incoming to the sub-main distribution board from the main
distribution board is usually protected by a 400A tri-pole (TP) MCCB, on
the other hand, a 125 A TP MCCB is installed for Final Distribution Boards
(FDB) protection as illustrated in Figure 27. The ratings of the MCCBs
can be varied upon the design. It can be seen from the electric schematics
sheets, for ansam project, that a 160 A is installed in the feeder from the Main
Distribution Board (MDB) and the sub-main Distribution Boards (SM-DB).
The feeder from each SMDB to a FDB is protected with a 63 A MCCB.

Figure 27: Ratings of the MCCB

28
 Central Battery systems provide an applicable and cost effective emer-
gency lighting solution that is alternative for self-contained lights in medium
to large projects. An example of self-contained lightnings can be seen in
exit/escape points. In case of power outage in a building, the central battery
switches on lighting automatically. Self-contained lightnings are suitable for
small projects. The advantages of central battery systems over self-contained
lighting are as follows:

• Facilitates testing and maintenance.

• Long lasting battery life (upto 10 years of service).

• Better illumination.

• Easier to replace. [22]

Figure 28: A Central Battery that can be Found in Electrical Rooms

29
 Figure 29: Self-contained Lighting for Exit/Escape Points

5.3 Single Line Diagram of the Project

The single line diagrams shown in Figure 32 and 33 are blueprints of a 3-
phase secondary power distribution of building JA-12. The schematics begin
from the outgoing feeders from the Low Voltage (LV) panel that distribute
current from the feeder bus in order to feed different loads. The schematics
show the outline of the overall power distribution system in the building
starting from the main distribution boards (MDB-G1) and (MDB-G2) and
ending up with the sub-main distribution boards and the feeders outgoing
from them. The rating and the type of protection, type of cable insulation,
total connected load, and the total diversified load, the reference and the
location of each sub-main DB are all information included from the electrical
schematic of the building.
For guaranteeing the continuity of supply and safety in electrical installa-
tions and systems, cable sizing and protection studies are carried out before
installation as follows:

5.3.1 Determining the Suitable Size of Cable for Electrical Instal-

lation
Selecting the fitting cable size in any electrical system is essential for installing
an efficient cabling system that can operate continuously at full load, delivers
electricity to the loads while having voltage drops within the allowable levels.
Furthermore, It is essential to design a cabling system that does not get
damaged even if extremely high short circuit currents flows through them. [1]
Prior to cable installations, data regarding the cable to be installed should
be gathered. Data such as the type of load, full load current, full load
power factor (pu), and whether it being a 3-phase or a single-phase load.

30
The construction of the cable is a simply a conductor made from copper
or aluminum and insulated with PVC, XLPE, or EPR. Another physical
characteristic of cables is the number of cores. A 2 core cable (Line, Neutral)
does not require earth connection unlike 3 core cables (line, neutral, earth)
[16].
An important factor in the selection of cable size is the allowable voltage
drop (MVD). The table shown in Figure 30 shows the values of the allowable
voltage drop percentages for lighting, heating, and power loads. Motors
Maximum Voltage Drop should not exceed 5 percent in the steady state,
since the start up current of motors is 5 to 7 times higher than the full
load current under steady state condition. Hence, if motor operates at 8
percent, the maximum voltage drop may reach up to 40 percent in the start
up condition. [20]

Figure 30: Maximum Allowable Voltage Drop comparison between service

connection and the utilization points

Figure 31: Maximum Allowable Voltage Drop comparison between service

connection and the utilization points

31
2
GENERAL NOTES:-

LEGEND :

KEYPLAN

JA-12

32
01 ISSUED FOR APPROVAL R.K APR.16
00 ISSUED FOR APPROVAL AD DEC.15
No. REVISION APP'D DATE
CLIENT

PROJECT MANAGEMENT

CONSULTANT

MAIN CONTRACTOR

CONSTRUCTION GENERAL CONTRACTING HOUSE

ANSAM PHASE 1, YAS ISLAND

LOCATION ABU DHABI PLOT NO. JA-12

MEP CONTRACTOR:

GALAXY ADVANCED
GENERAL CONT. CO. LLC.
TEL: +971 2 6151600 , FAX: +971 2 6651670
P.O.Box: 39226, Abu Dhabi, UAE
E-mail: info@galaxy-uae.com
Website: www.galaxymep.com

DRAWING TITLE:

ELECTRICAL SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

(SHEET 1 OF 2)
(JA-12)
NAME DRAWING No.

DESIGNED N/A 112-SM-EPO-00096

DEVELOPED N/A
CHECKED ENG.OMAR PROJECT No.
COORDINATED ENG.SABA
139
VERIFIED ENG.SHEREEN. SHOKRY

Figure 32: ELECTRICAL SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM (JA-12)-SHEET 1 OF

DRAWN MOHAN GANGA SCALE N.T.S
APPROVED ENG.ADEL DAHER DATE APR.16

ACONEX DWG. SIZE

DOC YAS-JA-CGC-EPO-112-00-SM-00096
NO.

REF
A0
NO.
2
GENERAL NOTES:-

LEGEND :

KEYPLAN

JA-12

33
01 ISSUED FOR APPROVAL R.K APR.16
00 ISSUED FOR APPROVAL AD DEC.15
No. REVISION APP'D DATE
CLIENT

PROJECT MANAGEMENT

CONSULTANT

MAIN CONTRACTOR

CONSTRUCTION GENERAL CONTRACTING HOUSE

ANSAM PHASE 1, YAS ISLAND

LOCATION ABU DHABI PLOT NO. JA-12

MEP CONTRACTOR:

GALAXY ADVANCED
GENERAL CONT. CO. LLC.
TEL: +971 2 6151600 , FAX: +971 2 6651670
P.O.Box: 39226, Abu Dhabi, UAE
E-mail: info@galaxy-uae.com
Website: www.galaxymep.com

DRAWING TITLE:

ELECTRICAL SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

(SHEET 2 OF 2)
(JA-12)
NAME DRAWING No.

DESIGNED N/A 112-SM-EPO-00097

DEVELOPED N/A
CHECKED ENG.OMAR PROJECT No.
COORDINATED ENG.SABA
139
VERIFIED ENG.SHEREEN. SHOKRY

Figure 33: ELECTRICAL SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM (JA-12)-SHEET 2 OF

DRAWN MOHAN GANGA SCALE N.T.S

APPROVED ENG.ADEL DAHER DATE APR.16

ACONEX DWG. SIZE

DOC YAS-JA-CGC-EPO-112-00-SM-00097
NO.

REF
A0
NO.
5.4 Power and Light Schematics
Figures 35 and 36 show the lighting and the power systems layout of the
second floor of building JA-12. The load schedules of the final distribution
boards that include the lighting and power loads of flats and studios were
included in this activity. The total load (Kw) is greater in flats than in
studios. The reason for this is mainly because flat have a remarkably larger
area than studios, which results into more lighting socket outlets, Fan coil
units (FCU)s, and water heaters loads. In this project, dish-washers and gas
meters are loads included in the design and installation of flats only. The
purpose of this activity was to compare the load schedules of flats/studios in
the second floor in JA-12 with the drawing shown in Figures 40 and ??, dif-
ferentiate between the classes of socket connections, circuit types, and finally
the conformity of the schematics with the load schedules of flats/studios in
this floor.

Figure 34: The Lighting Socket-outlet Legends

34
 35
Scanned by CamScanner

Figure 35: Second Floor Light System Layout for JA-12

 36
Scanned by CamScanner

Figure 36: Second Floor Power System Layout for JA-12 with the Power
System Legend
Figure 37: The Load Schedule of the Final Distribution Board of FLat (203)
in Building JA-12

Figure 38: The Load Schedule of the Final Distribution Board of studio (208)
in Building JA-12

Electrical wiring of sockets to the distribution board can be either a ring

(RNG) or a radial (RAD) connection. The type of circuit connection is
conditional to the number of sockets connected to any of (R,Y,B) phases in
the distribution board. More specifically, if the number of sockets connected
in a phase line is more than 3, the circuit connection to the DB is in a ring
configuration; otherwise, it is radial. In ring connections, the phase wire
that is outgoing of a rated (MCB) circuit breaker is wired up (Line, Neutral,
Earth) from the last socket back to the distribution board by connecting the
Line to the same MCB. On the contrary, there is no cabling back from the
last socket to the distribution board in case of radial connection. [7]
Through this exercise, Fan coil units and MCC loads have been intro-
duced. The Fan Coil Units (FCU) are a part of HVAC systems where it is

37
used for heating/cooling in residual buildings. The Motor Control Center
(MCC) is an assembly of one or more enclosed sections that control motor
unit in a building.

From Distribution Wiring of 13A Switched Socket outlets in

Board Ring Circuit for Area <= 100 sq. Mts

Phase
Neutral
32A MCB Earth

2.5 mm2 cables

Last 13A Switched Socket Outlet Spur

Earth

Neutral
Phase [Line]

First 13A Switched Socket Outlet

Spur

Figure 39: Ring circuit/ socket wiring

From Distribution Wiring of 13A Switched Socket outlets in

Board Radial Circuit for Area <= 20 sq.Mts.

Phase
20A MCB Neutral
Earth

2.5 mm2 cables

Last 13A Switched Socket Outlet Spur

Earth

Neutral
Phase [Line]

First 13A Switched Socket Outlet

Spur

Figure 40: Radial circuit/ socket wiring

38
5.5 Circuit Breakers
A circuit breaker is a protective device that trips causing distribution in the
continuity of current when potentially higher currents, than its rated value,
flow through them. There is a wide variation for circuit breakers utilization
as it can be used for protection in residential, industrial, and in distributional
systems. Circuit breaker selection is dependant on the type of application
where the maximum short circuit current is determined by the rating of the
transformer. [20]

The proper selection of a circuit breaker is a circuit breaker with a break-

ing capacity of a short circuit current equal to or high than the calculated
short circuit current at the point of installation. The maximum short circuit
current that can be interrupted by a circuit breaker without being dam-
aged. [13]

For calculating the current break size for a circuit breaker, the following
equation is used:
p
P = (3) ∗ V ∗ I ∗ cosφ

P
I=p ∗ 1.25
(3) ∗ (V ) ∗ (cosφ)
Miniature circuit breakers (MCB) are used in applications where the rated
current is less than 100 A. This type of circuit breakers is considered as final
distribution products, which are connected to branch circuits wired to the
electrical circuit breaker panel. Generally, lighting is protected with a 10 A
MCB. Fan Coil Units (FCU), Optical Network Units (ONU), Gas Cookers,
Water Heaters, Washing Machines, and spares are connected to 20 A rated
MCB. The Available ratings of MCBs are as follows:

39
 MCB Available Ratings
16 A
20 A
25 A
32 A
40 A
50 A
63 A

While Miniature circuit breakers are more suited for low current appli-
cations and lightening, the moulded case circuit breakers in heavy current
circuits. The current ratings of the MCCBs can reach up to 2500 A. [14]

MCCB Available Ratings

16 A
25 A
32 A
40 A
63 A
80 A
100 A
125 A
160 A
200 A
250 A
320 A
400 A
500 A
630 A
800 A
1000 A

The horizontal breaker shown in Figure 41 is the main breaker of the

electrical circuit breaker panel that control the other breakers located in the
two vertical rows of breakers. The main breaker of the panel can switch the
branch circuits connected to the other breakers off all at once during the time
of the panel being energized. [15]

40
Figure 41: An Electrical Circuit Breaker Panel of a Studio in JA-10

Figure 42: An MCCB with an External Operated Handler

41
 Figure 43: An MCCB with an External Operated Handler

5.6 Take off

In this activity, the cost of lighting installation in different flats in the project
were estimated by differentiating between the types of lights and counting
their number multiplied by the estimated cost of each type.

5.7 Low Current Systems: Life and Safety Systems

Design inside the building
Safety concerns for engineers are not limited to the safety of electrical switch-
gear and cables that distribute power to the loads of the system, engineers are
concerned about reducing the occurrence of fire hazards in the building that
houses these equipment. The proposed fire and alarm system devices for this
project where chosen to meet the NFPA 70 and NFPA 72 national standards.
The system consists of peripheral devices such as: smoke and heat detectors,
break glass units, sounders with strobe, speakers, and monitoring devices that
are integrated and controlled through the Fire Alarm Control Panel (FACP).
For successfully detecting and notifying the tenants of Fire incidence in the
building, heat and smoke detectors are spread in the dinning rooms, entrance
lobby, kitchens, electrical rooms, and even in swimming pools of the building
as depicted in Figure 44. Usually, a number of Fire Alarm Control Panels
(FACPs) communicate with each other in larger zones of installations. The

42
Fire Alarm Control Panels, as the name implies, are digital controllers that
control all devices connected to it. [19]
The riser diagram of the Fire Alarm System in building JA-12, depicted
in Figure 45, shows the wiring of devices located in 8 floors, roof, and ground
floor to the Fire Alarm Control Panel (FACP) based in the building man-
agement system (BMS) room. There are two classes of wiring devices to the
FACP: Class A, and Class B illustrated in Figures 48 and 47 respectively.

43
 GENERAL NOTES:-

JA-12
LEGEND :

10

8
11
7

12 5

13 2

14

15

32

KEYPLAN

16
33 N
31

34
17

30
47

35 JA-12

44
18

46
29

19
36
45
28

20 37

27

38

21 26

39 01 REVISED AS PER CONSULTANT'S COMMENTS A.D Jan-16

00 ISSUED FOR APPROVAL A.D 28.10.2015
25
No. REVISION APP'D DATE
CLIENT

22 40

24
44

PROJECT MANAGEMENT
41

43
23

CONSULTANT

42

MAIN CONTRACTOR

CONSTRUCTION GENERAL CONTRACTING HOUSE

ANSAM PHASE 1, YAS ISLAND

LOCATION ABU DHABI PLOT NO. JA-12

MEP CONTRACTOR:

GALAXY ADVANCED
GENERAL CONT. CO. LLC.
TEL: +971 2 6151600 , FAX: +971 2 6651670
P.O.Box: 39226, Abu Dhabi, UAE
E-mail: info@galaxy-uae.com
Website: www.galaxymep.com

FIRE PROTECTION BY::

Al Montazah Tower Khalidiya,
1st Floor P.O. Box: 46944
Abu Dhabi , U.A.E.
DN Tel: 02-4978600
Fax: 02-4978700
E-mail: info@sibca.ae
Web: www.sibca.com
DN
DRAWING TITLE:

Figure 44: Fire Alarm System and Voice Evacuation System in Building
NAME DRAWING No.

DESIGNED N/A
DEVELOPED N/A
CHECKED ENG.OMAR PROJECT No.
COORDINATED ENG.SABA
139
VERIFIED ENG.SHEREEN. SHOKRY
DRAWN MOHAN GANGA SCALE 1:100
APPROVED ENG.ADEL DAHER DATE

ACONEX DWG. SIZE

DOC
NO.

REF
A0
NO.
 GENERAL NOTES:-

LEGEND :

are installed in Building JA-12

KEYPLAN

JA-12

45
00 ISSUED FOR CIVIL DEFENCE APPROVAL AD 06-04-2016
No. REVISION APP'D DATE
CLIENT

PROJECT MANAGEMENT

CONSULTANT

MAIN CONTRACTOR

CONSTRUCTION GENERAL CONTRACTING HOUSE

ANSAM PHASE 1, YAS ISLAND

LOCATION ABU DHABI PLOT NO. JA-12

MEP CONTRACTOR:

GALAXY ADVANCED
GENERAL CONT. CO. LLC.
TEL: +971 2 6151600 , FAX: +971 2 6651670
P.O.Box: 39226, Abu Dhabi, UAE
E-mail: info@galaxy-uae.com
Website: www.galaxymep.com

FIRE PROTECTION BY::

Al Montazah Tower Khalidiya,
1st Floor P.O. Box: 46944
Abu Dhabi , U.A.E.
Tel: 02-4978600
Fax: 02-4978700
E-mail: info@sibca.ae
Web: www.sibca.com
Fire Alarm Control Panel
Panel With Battery & Charger

DRAWING TITLE:

FIRE ALARM
SYSTEM RISER DIAGRAM
( JA-12 )
Location :-BMS Control Room

NAME DRAWING No.

DESIGNED N/A 112-SM-LFA-00028

DEVELOPED N/A
CHECKED ENG.OMAR PROJECT No.

Figure 45: Fire Alarm System Riser including the System Components that
COORDINATED ENG.SABA
139
VERIFIED ENG.SHEREEN. SHOKRY
DRAWN NASIR SCALE 1 : 100
APPROVED ENG.ADEL DAHER DATE 06-04-2016

ACONEX DWG. SIZE

DOC YAS-JA-CGC-LFA-112-00-SM-00028
NO.

REF
YAS-JA-KHA-2600-DG-005054
A0
NO.
 In class A wiring, the shielded fire resistant cable consists of a pair of
wires (-) and ( +) that is connects the FACP to each device in parallel. At
the end of the resistor wire, the positive and negative of the last device is
connected back to the FACP creating a loop. The advantage of this class
of connection is that the safe devices remain connected to the FACP even
in the presence of a faulty device existing in the loop. The reason for this
lies in the reverse connection from the last device in the resistor wire to the
FACP where devices are fed with power from two directions.

Figure 46: 2 Core Shielded Fire Resistant Cable

Devices are powered from one direction in case of class B wiring. In case
a fault occurs on a device in the line, the devices after will be disconnected
from the Fire Alarm Control Panel (FACP). An available example of class B
wiring is the Sounder with strobe. Devices connected in Class A are shown
in Figure 45 which are as follows:

• Smoke detectors.

• Heat detectors.

• Break glass.

• Control and monitoring modules.

46
 Figure 47: Class A Wiring to the FACP

Figure 48: Class B Wiring to the FACP

5.7.1 Clear Agent Suppression System

An example of safety procedures is the clear agent fire suppression system
shown in Fig.49, which is utilized for extinguishing fire occurring in the elec-
trical equipment. It is a well-known fact that water is hazardous with elec-
tricity; hence, clear agent suppressant are utilized for extinguishing fires in
electrical equipment. The material used in fire suppression system is a non-
conductive, non-corrosive transparent material that does not leave residu-
als on the equipment after evaporation. These materials prevent fire from
spreading by extinguishing fire at its inceptive stages. [9]

47
 Figure 49: The Clean Agent for Extinguishing Fire in Electrical Systems

5.8 Low Current and Security Systems Design

Electrical engineering systems that require low current signals and low volt-
ages for its operation are known as the low current systems. These systems
are non-dangerous for the human life and are integrated in residential projects
such as residential buildings. Low current systems include Fire alarm sys-
tems, security and alarm systems, telephone network, access control systems,
Video surveillance, and etc. These systems collect information required for
control inside a building where accuracy and high quality installations is
required. [23]

48
 Figure 50: Low Current Cable

6 Assessment of the Internship

An overall and a brief evaluation of my 6 week internship with Al-Rakha
general contracting and transport will be included in this section. The fun-
damental purpose of this internship is to gain a professional experience by
developing conceptual and technical skills. This knowledge, if not being given
directly to the student through explanation, is obtained from observing how

49
engineers get their work done. Interns are assigned to a department where
they have the freedom to approach several engineers and ask for tasks.
First and foremost, the responsibilities of electrical engineers has been
explained in accordance to their job title. A junior engineer is responsible
for preparing the low voltage, high voltage panels schedule, and site visits.
The conformity of electric devices installations to the national electric codes is
checked by the site electrical engineer. Site engineers responsibilities include
equipment testing after installation and before inspections. The work of
junior engineers and site engineers is supervised by the senior engineer who
acts as reference for others and checks their work. Also, a senior electrical
engineer checks electrical schematics submitted by other engineers, draws
various electric schematics, and prepares inspection documents. In addition,
the responsibilities of a contractor, consultant, and project manager towards
the completion of the project and serving the client were explained.
In terms of electrical designing tools, a brief introduction to the Auto-
CAD for checking electrical schematics was given by the electrical engineer
graphic designer in which he has shown how they used predefined functions in
excel to prepare the load schedules. Several electrical schematics for power,
lighting, low current systems were introduced. I feel like this internship has
given me an overall description of electrical engineering profession since it
introduced me to submittals, take offs, and inspections in addition to other
technical knowledge and skills. Furthermore, we were encouraged by the en-
gineers to go further in-depth research after being introduced to each electric
component. Some essential calculation that are important for electrical engi-
neering as load schedules, current break size selection, and cost estimations
have been studied.
It is important for electrical engineering to recognize the international
standards and designing requirements, which will facilitate creating designs
that are within the acceptable engineering practices. Documents such sub-
mittals can be used as a reference for this purpose.

7 Conclusion
This 6-week internship has been a flourishing experience for me as a fresh
graduate in electrical engineering in which i learned technical skills as well
as professional mannerism. I have learned that employees should show such
a governed attitude and actions in the workplace, even under pressure, as it

50
may affect the quality of their colleagues work. What have been introduced
to me through this internship is a complementary of the previously gained
knowledge from power distribution and power protection system courses that
will hopefully be made use of in my future career.

51
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54