In this lesson, we learn the following: Ln (Aythe Tnutall al-'ain or ajwaf verbs; As we have seen ear Se ON NTE 4 as the second radical, e.g.: Us Oe als al geod i je eet eu 598 J J These verbs have undergone certain changes as explained below: 3 is originally J and J sii is originally Ue. lier, these verbs have 3 or Ge 5\% is originally =~ and 2=-1 is originally eo originally & @¥ is originally ey and a at the time_of their isnéd to mutaharrik These verbs undergo some more changes pronouns.’ These changes are as follows: Ac . . . 4 é suet Sle dW le he a) If the ajwaf verb is of a-u group, the first radical takes dammah at the time of its isnédto mutaharrik pronouns, €.9-: as against the original fathah in cS «i SL 18 (gala, al6, gAlat, but quia, quitu, quina, etc.) If the verb is of a-i or i-a groups, the first radical takes kasrah, €.9.: oo et bh oe ae ee ge gn f pt ope Cpe Spt Spo (O'p (sira, Sarat, S4rG, Dut sirta, etc.) 5 esa «Cass «od (na, nama, but nimta etc.).b) The second radical is omitted as can be seen in the above examples. In the mudari’ In the mudari' marfa': The second radical is omitted at the time of its isnddto the mutaharrik pronouns: In the mudari’ majzim: _s(ta Wak lexteg ae auctteay . The second radical is omits i in the following fous forms in addition 1 to the two mentioned under the mudéri' marfi'; \ dope dete s) Pye & Q Up-o Oe ee id el ood This omission is due to Ki wi is originally Si oo Here both the waw and the /4m are sékin (vowelless). So the _Weak letter wawis omitted. ( 9 outed) i ig is originally ‘, ww. Here both the yd and the rd are sdkin. So the weak letter yais omitted. © once) ws is originally a 2 A Here both the a/ifand the mim are sdkin. So the weak letter alif is omitted. cl onited) In the amr a) The second radical is omitted at the time of the /sndd of the verb to the mustatir and mutaharrik pronouns: oh ds Op Se Hae ~ a HSIn this lesson, we learn the following: 1) The ndgis verbs: these are verbs which have 4 or «§ as the third radical, e.g. FH SES Htiet These verbs undergo the following changes: In the mad? © Both the wéw and the yd become alifin pronunciation, In writing, 9 is written a/ifwhile ¢¢ is written 6, €.9.: 1&3 ‘he invited’, ‘he prayed’ is originally 5. Sivhe cried’, ‘he wept,, is originally The ¢g remains unchanged if the second radical has kasrah, e.g. (gs ‘he forgot’, (== ‘he remained’. © The third radical is omitted if the verb has /snéd to the pronoun of the third person masculine plural, e.g.: \',£5 ‘they invited’ is originally 1'5. tS “they wept’ is originally | 5S. \ gud ‘they forgot! is Originally | sed, 1. a . Note that in | px the second radical has dammah which has been changed from kash because in Arabic a kasrah cannot be followed by wéw. nn ache Mk h he © The third radical is also omitted if the verb has isndd to the third person feminine singular because of 335(C1 stad eg.: C55 ‘she invited’ for ies, SF 'she wept! for roESE / reg 5 not omitted if the second radical has kasrah, e.g.: Cus ‘she forgot’, C—aii ‘she remained” The third radical is restored to its original form if the isndd is to be the mutaharrik pronouns, e.g.: os ‘they (fem.) invited’. 65 ‘you invited.’ &'g5 ‘invited.’ 555 ‘we invited.’ Here is an example of «$: In the mudéri' The mudar? marfil': © The gammah of the third radical is lost in PS BS go oH SEAL SES $4 is originally ‘puias US, and ov is originally cS as os, and 4 is originally (gwd as Get The third radical is lost before the pronoun of the third person masculine plural, €.9.: é "944 “they (mas.) invite’ is originally o eu like fi) oye? p , Note that 0 54 Jr’! and O44 st both have the same from. That is because in 15751 the verb 2 sB4 Is changed from 0'244, but in 2 sj et! the verb oe ) ¥ vA4,3 they weep’ is originally © #53, The third radical s has been lost. The kasrap of the second radical is changed to dammah because a kasrah is not followed by way, Ind | ynii ‘they forget’, the second radical has fathah because It is originally & 5. After the omission of the yé along with its vowel, the verb becomes o "po, The third radical is also omitted before the pronoun of the second person feminine singular, e.g.: oes ‘you (fem.) invite’ is originally o 1. After the omission of the waw along with its vowel, the verb becomes ew. The dammah of the € is changed to kasrah as the dammah is not followed by yd in Arabic. Note that uss cf ‘you (fem. sing.) weep’ has the same form as oS ge ‘you (fem. pl.) weep’ i. e, the singular and the plural have the same form. That is because the verb in the singular was originally Ki like des. After the omission of the third radical ¢ the verb became ES. The plural form of the verb is in its original form cin So oS in the plural is like cad and the ¢ is the third radical. ‘you (fem. sing.) forget’, the second radical has fathah because the verb originally After the omission of the yd along with its vowel, the verb became oes. The mudar’' mansdb: The fathah of the third radical is pronounced in verbs ending in waw and yd, but not in verbs ending in alif, e.g.: Pu a “he will not invite’ (lan ya-d'uwa). SS 3 ‘he will not weep’ (lan ya-bkiya). But in — 35 *he will not forget’, the fathah is not pronounced (lan ya-nsa, not lan ya" nsaya). es ~ The mudéri' majzim: Here the third radical is omitted, eg: qt ‘he did not invite’. Here the third radical y has been omitted.oy fe he did not weep’. Here the third radical ¢¢ has been omitted. ot we ‘he did not forget’. Here the a/ifhas been omitted. phonetically, the long vowels are shortened as can be seen here: Ya-d'G — lam ya-d'u; ya-bki > lam ya-bki; ya-nsa — lam ya-nsa In the amr Here also the third radical is omitted, e.g.: gui > eal ‘invite!’ a > ait ‘weep!’ os > i) ‘forget!’