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LAMPIRAN C
PERHITUNGAN SPESIFIKASI ALAT
M-130
2
P-3
Fungsi : Mencampur metil Formiat dari aliran feed dan aliran recycle
dari distilat distilasi 2
Kondisi Operasi :
Tekanan : 3 atm
Aliran Fresh Feed
Suhu aliran feed : 25oC
Tabel C.1. Data densitas dari masing-masing komponen feed
Massa
Senyawa Fraksi ρ (kg/m3) x/ρ
(kg/jam)
Metil Formiat 1.658,3849 0,9700 966,9244 0,0010
Metanol 51,2903 0,0300 789,5631 3,8×10-5
Asam Formiat 0 0,0000 1.213,7536 0,0000
Air 0 0,0000 997,0800 0,0000
TOTAL 1.709,6752 0,0010
1
ρ campuran1 : ∑x
ρ
: 1 / 0,0010
: 960,4519 kg/m3
∑ 𝑚1
Laju alir volumetrik (Q1) : 𝜌𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑛
1709,6752
: 960,4519
: 1,78 m3/jam
Aliran Recycle
Suhu aliran recycle: 65,1073oC
Tabel C.2. Data densitas dari masing-masing komponen recycle
Massa
Senyawa Fraksi ρ (kg/m3) x/ρ
(kg/jam)
Metil Formiat 1.087,2290 0,9915 904,9871 0,0011
Metanol 9,3016 0,0085 749,1258 1,1×10-5
Asam Formiat 6,9×10-7 6,3×10-10 1.163,1041 5,4×10-13
: 1 / 0,0011
: 903,3927 kg/m3
∑ 𝑚2
Laju alir volumetrik (Q2) : 𝜌𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑛
1096,5306
:
903,3927
: 1,2138 m3/jam
Laju alir massa total (m) : m1 + m2
: 1.709,6752 + 1.096,5306
: 2.806,2058 kg/jam
Laju alir volumetrik total (Q) : Q1 + Q2
: 1,78 + 1,2138
: 2,9938 m3/jam
ρ campuran : m/Q
:2.806,2058 / 2,9938
: 937,3186 kg/m3
: 58,5173 lbm/ft3
Volume liquid dalam tangki : Laju alir volumetrik total
: 2,9938 m3/jam
: 105,7235 ft3/jam
Asumsi bahwa tangki terisi 80% liquid dengan waktu tinggal 1 jam maka
Volume tangki : volume liquid / 0,8
: 105,7235 / 0,8
: 132,1544 ft3
:31,2267 psig
Pdes : 1,05×Poperasi
: 1,05 × 31,2267
: 32,7881 psig
𝐼𝐷
𝑃𝑑𝑒𝑠 ×
2
tshell : 𝑓×𝐸−0,6×𝑃 +𝑐
𝑑𝑒𝑠
60,9974
32,7881×
2
:12650×0,8−0,6×32,7881 + 0,125
: 0,224 in
Dari Brownell & Young dipilih tebal silinder 1/4 in
: 0,2897 in
Dari Brownell & Young dipilih tebal tutup atas 5/16 in
a : ID/2
: 30,4987 in
icr : 6%×ID
: 3,6598 in
AB : (ID/2) – icr
: 30,4987 – 3,6598
: 26,8389 in
BC : Rc - icr
: 60,9974 – 3,6598
: 57,3376 in
b : Rc – √𝐵𝐶 2 − 𝐴𝐵 2
32,174
(58,5173×( )×(4,4952+12,3292))
32,174
: 29,4 + 144
: 31,6442 psig
Pdes : 1,05×Poperasi
: 1,05×31,6442
: 33,2265 psig
0,885×𝑃𝑑𝑒𝑠 ×𝑅𝑐
thead : +𝑐
𝑓×𝐸−0,1×𝑃𝑑𝑒𝑠
0,885×33,2265×60,9974
: 12650×0,8−0,1×33,2265 + 0,125
: 0,3023 in
Dari Brownell & Young dipilih tebal tutup atas 5/16 in
a : ID/2
: 30,4987 in
icr : 6%×ID
: 3,6598 in
AB : (ID/2) – icr
: 30,4987 – 3,6598
: 26,8389 in
BC : Rc - icr
: 60,9974 – 3,6598
: 57,3376 in
b : Rc – √𝐵𝐶 2 − 𝐴𝐵 2
μcampuran : e-8,5334
: 0,00019 lbm/ft.s
ID : 5,0831 ft
Dimensi Pengaduk (Tabel 3.4-1 Geankoplis 4th edition)
Da : 1/3×ID
: 1/3×5,0831
: 1,6944 ft
E : 1/3×Da
: 1/3×1,6944
: 0,5648 ft
W : 1/5×Da
: 1/5×1,6944
: 0,3389 ft
L : 1/4×Da
: 1/4×1,6944
: 0,4236 ft
J : 1/12×ID
: 1/12×5,0831
: 0,4236 ft
Kebutuhan Pengaduk
𝜌𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑛
SG : 𝜌𝑎𝑖𝑟
58,5173
: 62,43
: 0,9373
Kebutuhan pengaduk : SG×H/ID
: 0,9373 ~ 1
: 1.992.042,36
Dari figure 6-40 Perry 8th edition, dengan Nre sebesar 1992042,36,
diperoleh Np sebesar 5
P : Np×ρ×N3×Da5/gc
: 5×58,5173×(140/60)3×1,69445/32,174
: 1.613,2535 lbf.ft/s
: 2,9332 hp
Gland loss sebesar 10% P : 10%×2,9332
: 0,2933 hp
P : 2,9932 + 0,2933
: 3,2265 hp
Transmission sebesar 20% P : 20%×3,2265
: 0,6453 hp
Kebutuhan daya pengaduk (P) : 3,2265 + 0,6453
: 3,8718 hp
3. REAKTOR (R-210)
= 29,4 + 3,6493
= 33,0493 psig
P desain = 1,05 x P operasi
= 1,05 x 33,0493
= 34,7018 psig
Ri = ID/2 = 72,096/2 = 36,048 in
𝑃𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑅𝑖
𝑡𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑙𝑙 =
𝑓. 𝐸 − 0,6 𝑥 𝑃𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑖𝑛
34,7018 𝑥 36,048
𝑡𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑙𝑙 =
12650 𝑥 0,8 − 0,6 𝑥 34,7018
tshell = 0,1239 in
Dari appendiks F (Brownell & Young) dipilih tebal silinder = 3/16 in.
Rc = ID = 6,008 ft = 72,096 in
P operasi = 29,4 psig
P desain = 1,05 x 29,4 = 30,87 psig
Icr = 6% x ID = 0,06 x 72,096 = 4.3258 in
0,885 𝑃𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑅𝑐
𝑡= +C
𝑓.𝐸−0,1 𝑃𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑖𝑛
𝑏 = 𝑅𝑐 − √𝐵𝐶 2 − 𝐴𝐵 2
𝑙𝑏𝑚 𝑙𝑏𝑓
58,3124 𝑥1 𝑥 (9,012+1,0174+0,2403) 𝑓𝑡
𝑓𝑡3 𝑙𝑏𝑚
= 29,4 + 𝑖𝑛2
144
𝑓𝑡2
= 29,4 + 4,1587
= 33,5587 psig
P desain = 1,05 x P operasi
= 1,05 x 33,5587
= 35,2366 psig
0,885 𝑃𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑅𝑐
𝑡= +𝐶
𝑓. 𝐸 − 0,1 𝑃𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑖𝑛
0,885 𝑥 35,2366 𝑥 72,096
𝑡= + 0,125
12650 𝑥 0,8−0,1 𝑥 35,2366
t = 0,3472 in
Dari Appendiks F (Brownell & Young) dipilih tebal tutup atas sebesar 3/8 in.
Tinggi tutup bawah = t + b + sf
= 0,375 + 12,2086 + 2,8838
= 15,4674 in
Tinggi reaktor seluruhnya = tinggi tutup atas + tinggi silinder + tinggi tutup
bawah
= 15,4674 + 132,9648 + 15,4674
= 163,8996 in = 13,6583 ft
= 3,2019 m3/jam
= 0,0313 ft3/s
Di,opt = 3,9 x Q10,45x ρ campuran0,13 [Peters & Timmerhaus per (14.16)]
= 3,9 x (0,0313)0,45 x (54,7151)0,13
= 1,3804 in
Digunakan pipa 1½”, schedule 40 [Geankoplis App. A-5]
Ap = 0,01414 ft2
OD = 1,9 in = 0,1583 ft
ID = 1,61 in = 0,1342 ft
V = Q/Ap = (0,0313/0,01414) = 2,2136 ft/s
𝐷.𝑣.ρ 0,1342 𝑥 2,2136 𝑥 54,7151
Nre = = = 11.609
μ 0,0014
1
ρ campuran = Σ zi/ρ
= 4,2258 m3/jam
= 0,0413 ft3/s
Di,opt = 3,9 x Q10,45x ρ campuran0,13 [Peters & Timmerhaus per (14.16)]
= 3,9 x (0,0413)0,45 x (61,0467)0,13
= 1,5863 in
1
ρ campuran = Σ zi/ρ
m3/hari
= 7,354 m3/jam
= 0,0721 ft3/s
Di,opt = 3,9 x Q10,45x ρ campuran0,13 [Peters & Timmerhaus per (14.16)]
= 3,9 x (0,0721)0,45 x (58,8995)0,13
= 2,029 in
Digunakan pipa 2½ ”, schedule 80 [Geankoplis App. A-5]
Ap = 0,0294 ft2
OD = 2,875 in = 0,2396 ft
ID = 2,323 in = 0,1936 ft
V = Q/Ap = (0,0721/0,0294) = 2,4524 ft/s
𝐷.𝑣.ρ 0,1936 𝑥 2,4524 𝑥 58,8995
Nre = = = 10.756
μ 0,0026
PENGADUK
Perhitungan jenis pengaduk
Tipe impeller : flat six blade turbine with disk
ρ campuran = 934,075 kg/m3 = 58,3143 lbm/ft3
Data perbandingan ukuran pengaduk turbin [Tabel 3.4-1 Geankoplis 3rd edition]
Jumlah blade = 6
ID = 6,008 ft = 72,096 in
Diameter pengaduk (Da) = 0,3 x ID = 0,3 x 6,008 ft = 1,8024 ft = 0,5494 m
Panjang Blade (L) = 0,25 x Da = 0,25 x 1,8024 ft = 0,4506 ft = 0,1373 m
Lebar Blade (W) = 0,2 x Da = 0,2 x 1,8024 ft = 0,3605 ft = 0,1099 m
= 1,23 𝑥 105
Da/W = 5, ID/J = 12
Np = 5 [Figure 3.4-4 Geankoplis 3rd Edition]
Np .ρ .N3 .Da5 5 x 58,3143 x 2,20753 x 1,80245
P= = = 1854,377 ft.lbf/s = 3,365 hp
gc 32,174
JAKET PENDINGIN
Perancangan jaket pendingin
Pendingin yang digunakan adalah air dengan suhu masuk 30oC dan keluar
pada suhu 45oC. Panas yang harus dilepaskandari reaktor adalah sebesar 8,64
×106 kJ/hari, termasuk asumsi bahwa terdapat panas yang hilang ke lingkungan
sehingga diberi tambahan supply panas sebesar 5%.
= 5,7779 m3/jam
Menghitung koefisien perpindahan panas luar jaket (hi) :
Da2 .N.ρ 1,80242 𝑥 2,2075 𝑥 58,3143
Nre = = = 210.147
μ 0,00199
Cpcampuran = Σ zi.Cpi
= 6,208 x 104J/kgoF = 14.826,1672 Btu/lbm.oF
kcampuran = Σ zi.ki
= 0,4376 W/m.K = 6,5271 Btu/hr.ft2.oF
k c.μ 1 μ
hi = JH . Di . [ k ]3 . [μ ]0,14
w
Air
T1 = 30oC = 86oF
T2 = 45oC = 113oF
Suhu operasi reaktor = 80oC = 176oF
∆TLMTD = 75,6992oF
Q 3,412 x 105 Btu/jam
A= = = 36,6424 ft 2
UD . ∆TLMTD 123,0069 Btu/(hr. ft 2 .𝑜 F) 𝑥 75,6992o F
Luas perpindahan panas yang tersedia :
A = Luas selimut tutup bawah + Luas selimut sf + Luas selimut silinder
= π x ID x ttorispherical + π x ID x sf + π x ID x h
= (3,14 x 6,008 x (0,375/12)) + (3,14 x 6,008 x (0,04 x 6,008)) + (3,14 x
6,008 x 11,0804)
= 214,2649 ft2
Luas perpindahan panas yang tersedia > Luas yang diperlukan, maka jaket
pendingin bisa digunakan.
Volume jaket= Volume silinder dengan cairan dan jaket + volume tutup bawah
dan jaket + volume sf bawah dan jaket
204,0372 ft3 = (0,25 x π x Djaket2 x Lcairan) + (0,000049 x (Djaket/12)3) + (0,25 x
π x Djaket2 x sf )
204,0372 ft3 = (0,7854 x Djaket2 x 1,5 x 6,008) + (2,8356.10-8 x Djaket 3) + (0,7854
x Djaket x0,04 x 6,008)
204,0372 ft3 = 7,078Djaket2+ 2,8356.10-8Djaket3 + 0,1887Djaket2
Djaket = 5,2989 ft
SPESIFIKASI
Jaket Pendingin
- Volume : 204,0372 ft3
-Diameter : 5,2989 ft
5 D-310
Kondisi operasi:
Umpan masuk (Lampiran A)
kg
Laju : F = 166.521,5039
hari
Suhu : TF = 113,081oC
Distilat (Lampiran A)
kg
Laju : D = 49.327,9937
hari
Suhu : T = 82,664oC
Bottom (Lampiran A)
kg
Laju : B = 117.193,5102
hari
Suhu : T = 131,91oC
Pop = 3 atm
Rop = 2,417 (Lampiran A)
N teoritis = 13,3505 plate = 14 plate
N = Ne + Ns .......(a)
Dimana, N = Jumlah plate aktual
Ne = Jumlah plate di bagian enriching
Ns = Jumlah plate di bagian stripping
Dari Lampiran A diperoleh data:
XHF = 0,1002
XLF = 0,1061
XLW = 0,0013
XHD = 0,0057
Ne
0,6383
Ns
Ne = 0,6383 Ns ......(b)
Substitusi persamaan (b) ke persamaan (a):
N = 0,6383 Ns + Ns
18 = 0,6383 Ns + Ns
Ns = 10,9869 ≈ 11 plate, plate umpan adalah 11 tray dari bawah.
Ne = N – Ns = 7 plate, plate umpan adalah 6 tray dari atas.
P L v
4
Menghitung τm:
Tabel C.13. Tabel Perhitungan Shear Tension masing-masing Komponen
Komponen Parachour τi (dyne/cm) XF,i (%mol) τm (dyne/cm)
Metil Formiat 121,2000 11,3031 0,0661
Metanol 87,4000 37,7150 0,1061
27,2676
Asam Formiat 76,4000 5,1695 0,1002
Air 42,6000 21,2744 0,7276
lbm
= 841,0292
ft 2 .jam
Dimana, W = Laju alir massa maksimum yang diijinkan.
kg lbm
V = 168.786,3811 = 15.504,4357
hari jam
0.5
4 15.504,435 7
0.5
4V
ID = 4,846ft = 58,1526 in
W 841,0292
Berdasarkan Van Winkle, tabel 14.2 halaman 572, tipe Perforated Tray:
Tinggi ruang bebas bagian atas = 80-85% diameter kolom
Ditetapkan:
Tinggi ruang bebas bagian atas = 0,8 ID
= 3,8768 ft
Menghitung ruang bebas bagian bawah:
Ditetapkan waktu tinggal, tB = 300 detik
Laju alir Bottom
Laju volumetrik liquid keluar dari bottom =
ρ L,Bottom
kg lb
B = 117.193,5102 = 10.765,2005
hari jam
kg lb lb
ρL,Bottom = 1.013,9114 3 = 63,2985 3 = 0,0366 3
m ft in
Laju volumetrik liquid keluar dari bottom,
10.765,200 5 ft 3
QB = 170,0704
63,2985 jam
= 14,1725 ft3
Volume tutup tanpa sf = 0,000049 ID3
= 0,000049 × (58,1526in)3
= 9,6361ft3
Tinggi kolom distilasi, L1 = Tinggi total plate + Tinggi ruang bebas bagian
atas + (Tinggi ruang bebas bawah + sf)
= 17+ 3,8768 + 0,2461
= 21,1229 ft = 253,4749 in
lbf
= 1.061,79 = 7,37 psig
ft 2
ΔPdesain = 1,05 × (Pop+ Ph)= 55,0507 psig
ID = 58,1526in
Jari-jari, Ri = 29,0763in
f = 12.650
E = 0,85
c = 1/8 in
Pdes .Ri
tshell = 𝑓 E−0,6 Pdes + c
= 0,2743 in
Dipilih tshell = 5/16 in =0,3125in (Brownell and Young, tabel 5.6, hlm. 88)
OD = ID + 2.tshell
= 4,8918 ft
Perhitungan Tebal dan Tinggi Tutup Atas dan Bawah (Flanged and Standart
Dished Head
rc = ID = 4,8460ft
icr = 0,06 rc = 0,2908ft
Tutup Atas
0,885.Pdesign .rc
thead = c
f.E - 0,1.P
Pdesain= 1,05 × (Pop – Ph) = 0, karena Pop = 0 psig dan pada tutup bagian atas tidak
ada tekanan hidrostatik.
thead = c = 0,125 in = 0,0104 ft
Tinggi tutup atas = thead + b + sf
= 0,0104 + 9,8474+ 0,17
= 0,9977ft
Tutup Bawah
0,885.Pdesign .rc
thead = c
f.E - 0,1.P
lbf
= 9,7190
in 2
= 9,7190psig
ΔPdesain = 1,05 × (Pop+ Ph)= 10,2050psig
0,885.Pdesign .rc
thead = c
f.E - 0,1.P
= 0,1738in = 0,0145ft
Tinggi tutup bawah = thead + b + sf
= 0,0145+ 0,8206+ 0,1667
= 1,0018ft
Tinggi total tangki = Tinggi tutup atas + Tinggi tutup bawah + L1
= 0,9977+ 1,0018+ 253,4749
= 23,1224 ft
= (11 – 1) × 12 in
= 120 in = 10 ft
Tinggi total umpan masuk = Tinggi plate umpan masuk + Tinggi tutup bawah
= 10 + 1,0018
= 11,0018 ft
5. Reboiler (E-313)
(338−270,9629)−(338−270,3866)
: 338−270,9629
ln
338−270,3866
: 67,3249oF
3. Ambil: ¾ in OD tube, 16 BWG, L = 16 ft
Asumsi Ud = 150 Btu/jam.ft2.oF
a" = 0,1963 ft
𝑄
A = 𝑈𝑑∆T
LMTD
513744,121
= 150×62,3249
= 508,7219 ft2
𝐴 508,7219
Banyak tube(N)= 𝑎"𝐿 = = 161,9721 ≈ 166 tube
0,1963×16
𝑄 513744,121
Ud = 𝑎"𝐿𝑁∆𝑇 = = 146,3603 Btu/jam.ft2.oF
𝐿𝑀𝑇𝐷 0,1963×16×166×62,3249
Tc : 0,5× (T1+T2)
: 0,5×(338+338)
: 338oF
tc : 0,5×(t1+t2)
: 0,5×(270,3866+270,9269)
: 270,6747oF
Gt = msteam / at
= 5.830,6234 / 0,1741
= 33.495,9617 lbm/ft2.jam
Pada Tc = 338oF
μ = 6,39×10-6 kg/m.s
(Geankoplis Appendiks A.2-12)
= 0,0155 lbm/ft.jam
Ret = IDtGt/μ
= 0,0517×33.495,9617 /0,0155
= 111.874,3779
1500
= 270,6747 + 1500+300 × (338 −
270,6747)
= 326,7719oF
Δt = tw – tc
= 326,7719 - 270,6747
= 56,1044oF
ℎ ×ℎ
Uc = ℎ𝑖𝑜 +ℎ𝑜
𝑖𝑜 𝑜
1.500 ×300
= 1.500 +300
= 250 Btu/jam.ft2.oF
A = a”×L×N
= 0,1963×16×166
= 521,3728 ft2
𝑄
Ud = 𝐴∆𝑇
𝐿𝑀𝑇𝐷
513.744,121
= 521,3728×67,3249
= 146,3603 Btu/jam.ft2.oF
𝑈𝑐 −𝑈𝑑
Rd = 𝑈𝑐 𝑈𝑑
250−146,3603
= 250×146,3603
= 0,0028
Pressure Drop
𝑉̇ = 3,896 ft3/lbm
(Geankoplis App A.2-9)
ρ = 1/𝑉̇
= 0,2567 lbm/ft3
NEGLIGIBLE
SG = ρ/62,43
= 0,0041
Ret = 111.874,3779
f = 0,0002 (Kern fig 26)
1 𝑓𝐺 2 𝐿𝑛
∆𝑃𝑡 =
2 5,22 × 1010 × 𝐼𝐷𝑡 𝑆𝐺∅𝑡
1 0,0002×33.495,96172 ×16×2
= 2 5,22×1010×0,0517×0,0041×1
= 0,2509 psi
Shell and Tube Heat Shell and Tube Heat Shell and Tube Heat
Tipe Exchanger
Exchanger Exchanger
ID = 17¼ in IDs = 10 in ID = 37 in
Jumlah 1 1 1
4. KONDENSOR (E-311)
Data – data :
- Massa larutan : 7.032,7659 kg/jam
: 15.504,6758 lbm/jam
- Massa air pendingin : 79.224,7106 kg/jam
: 174.661,5018 lbm/jam
- T1 : 193,361oF
- T2 : 180,806oF
- t1 : 86oF
- t2 : 113oF
1. Panas suplai yang dibutuhkan (Q) : 4.969.766,095 kJ/jam
: 4.710.410,873 Btu/jam
∆𝑇1 −∆𝑇2
2. ΔTLMTD : ∆𝑇1
ln
∆𝑇2
(193,361−113)−(180,806−86)
: 193,361−113
ln
180,806−86
: 87,3846oF
𝑇 −𝑇
R : 𝑡1−𝑡 2
2 1
193,361−180,806
: 113−86
: 0,465
𝑡 −𝑡
S : 𝑇2 −𝑡1
1 1
113−86
: 193,361−86
: 0,2515
FT : 0,985 (Kern fig 18)
ΔTLMTD koreksi : FT×ΔTLMTD
: 0,985×87,3846
: 86,0738oF
4710410,873
= 150×86,0783
= 364,8349 ft2
𝐴 364,8349
Banyak tube(N)= 𝑎"𝐿 = = 116,1599 ≈ 124 tube
0,1963×16
𝑄 4710410,873
Ud = 𝑎"𝐿𝑁∆𝑇 = = 140,516 Btu/jam.ft2.oF
𝐿𝑀𝑇𝐷 0,1963×16×124×86,0783
Tc : 0,5× (T1+T2)
: 0,5×(193,361+180,806)
: 187,0835oF
tc : 0,5×(t1+t2)
: 0,5×(86+113)
: 99,5oF
BWG = 16
Passes = 2
= 1.380 × 0,62/0,75
= 1140,8 Btu/jam.ft2.oF
ℎ𝑜
tw = tc + ℎ (𝑇𝑐 − 𝑡𝑐 )
𝑖𝑜 +ℎ𝑜
200
= 99,5 + 200+1140,8 × (187,0835 −
99,5)
= 112,5644oF
𝑡𝑤 +𝑇𝑐 112,5644+187,0835
tf = =
2 2
= 149,8239oF
G” = 38,9698 lbm/jam.lin ft
Pada tf = 149,8239oF
kf = 0,1072 Btu/jam.ft.oF
μf = 0,2893 lbm/ft.jam
SGf = 0,8281
Dari Kern fig 12.9
ho baru = 370 Btu/jam.ft2.oF
ℎ ×ℎ
Uc = ℎ𝑖𝑜 +ℎ𝑜
𝑖𝑜 𝑜
1.140,8 ×370
= 1.140,8 +370
= 279,3856 Btu/jam.ft2.oF
A = a”×L×N
= 0,1963×16×124
= 389,4592 ft2
𝑄
Ud = 𝐴∆𝑇
𝐿𝑀𝑇𝐷
4.710.410,873
= 389,4592×86,0738
= 140,5159 Btu/jam.ft2.oF
𝑈𝑐 −𝑈𝑑
Rd = 𝑈𝑐 𝑈𝑑
279,3856−140,5159
= 279,3856×140,5159
= 0,0035
Pressure Drop
= 0,2698 lb/ft3
SG = ρ/62,43
= 0,2698 / 62,43
= 0,0043
1 𝑓𝐺 2 𝐼𝐷𝑠 (𝑁 + 1) Gt = 1.343.262,992 lbm/ft2.jam
∆𝑃𝑠 =
2 5,22 × 1010 × 𝐷𝑒𝑆𝐺 𝑉2
= 0,23 (Kern fig 27)
1 0,0013×39.041,28192 ×1,2708 ×13 2𝑔′
=2× 5,22×1010 ×0,0792×0,0043 𝑛 𝑉2
∆𝑃𝜏 = 4
= 0,9163 psi 𝑆𝐺 2𝑔′
2
= 4× 0,9931 × 0,23
= 1,8528 psi
Fungsi uap dari distilat uap dari distilat uap dari distilat
Shell and Tube Heat Shell and Tube Heat Shell and Tube Heat
Tipe Exchanger
Exchanger Exchanger
ID = 15¼ in IDs = 12 in ID = 29 in
Jumlah 1 1 1
F-312
Tekanan : 3 atm
Aliran dari Kondensor Menara Distilasi 1
Tabel C.17. Tabel Perhitunganρ campuran
Senyawa massa (kg) Fraksi ρ (kg/m3) x/ρ
Metil Formiat 3.757,7664 0,5343 875,5269 0,0006
Metanol 3.182,7383 0,4526 729,9463 0,0006
Asam Formiat 43,6399 0,0062 1.139,7188 5,4×10-6
Air 48,6213 0,0069 970,0972 7,1×10-6
7.032,7659 1 0,0012
1
ρ campuran : ∑x
ρ
: 1 / 0,0012
: 804,6043 kg/m3
: 50,2319 lbm/ft3
∑𝑚
Laju alir volumetrik (Q) : 𝜌𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑛
7032,7659
: 804,6043
: 8,7407 m3/jam
Volume liquid dalam tangki : Laju alir volumetrik
: 8,7407 m3/jam
: 308,6619 ft3/jam
Asumsi bahwa tangki terisi 80% liquid dengan waktu tinggal 1 jam maka
Volume tangki : volume liquid / 0,8
: 308,6619 / 0,8
: 385,8274 ft3
𝑔
(𝜌×( )×𝐿2 )
𝑔𝑐
: (Pabs – 14,7) + 144
32,174
(50,2319×( )×6,4148 )
32,174
: (44,1– 14,7) + 144
: 31,6377 psig
Pdes : 1,05×Poperasi
: 1,05 × 31,6377
: 33,2196 psig
𝐼𝐷
𝑃𝑑𝑒𝑠 ×
2
tshell : +𝑐
𝑓×𝐸−0,6×𝑃𝑑𝑒𝑠
87,6366
33,2196×
2
:12650×0,8−0,6×33,2196 + 0,125
: 0,2691 in
Dari Brownell & Young dipilih tebal silinder 5/16 in
: 0,3617 in
Dari Brownell & Young dipilih tebal tutup atas 6/16 in
a : ID/2
: 43,8183 in
icr : 6%×ID
: 5,2582 in
AB : (ID/2) – icr
: 43,8183 – 5,2582
: 38,5600 in
BC : Rc - icr
: 87,6366 – 5,2582
: 82,3784 in
b : Rc – √𝐵𝐶 2 − 𝐴𝐵 2
32,174
(50,2319×( )×(6,4148+16,8402))
32,174
: 29,4 + 144
: 32,1272 psig
Pdes : 1,05×Poperasi
: 1,05×32,1272
: 33,7336 psig
0,885×𝑃𝑑𝑒𝑠 ×𝑅𝑐
thead : +𝑐
𝑓×𝐸−0,1×𝑃𝑑𝑒𝑠
0,885×33,7336×87,6366
: 12650×0,8−0,1×33,7336 + 0,125
: 0,3836 in
Dari Brownell & Young dipilih tebal tutup atas 7/16 in
a : ID/2
: 43,8183 in
icr : 6%×ID
: 5,2582 in
AB : (ID/2) – icr
: 43,8183 – 5,2582
: 38,5600 in
BC : Rc - icr
: 87,6366 – 5,2582
: 82,3784 in
b : Rc – √𝐵𝐶 2 − 𝐴𝐵 2
Data – data :
- Massa larutan : 2.806,2058 kg/jam
: 6.186,6571 lbm/jam
- Massa steam : 119,0438 kg/jam
: 262,4479 lbm/jam
- T1 : 284oF
- T2 : 284oF
- t1 : 106,1289oF
- t2 : 176oF
1. Panas suplai yang dibutuhkan (Q) : 255.321,4898 kJ/jam
: 241.997,128 Btu/jam
∆𝑇1 −∆𝑇2
2. ΔTLMTD : ∆𝑇1
ln
∆𝑇2
(284−176)−(284−106,1289)
: 284−176
ln
284−106,1289
: 140,0425oF
3. Ambil: ¾ in OD tube, 16 BWG, L = 16 ft
Asumsi Ud = 75 Btu/jam.ft2.oF
a" = 0,1963 ft
𝑄
A = 𝑈𝑑∆T
LMTD
241997,128
= 75×140,0425
= 23,0404 ft2
𝐴 23,0404
Banyak tube(N)= 𝑎"𝐿 = = 7,3358 ≈ 26 tube
0,1963×16
𝑄 241997,128
Ud = 𝑎"𝐿𝑁∆𝑇 = = 21,161 Btu/jam.ft2.oF
𝐿𝑀𝑇𝐷 0,1963×16×26×140,0425
Tc : 0,5× (T1+T2)
: 0,5×(284+284)
: 284oF
tc : 0,5×(t1+t2)
: 0,5×(106,1289+176)
: 141,0645oF
Gs = mlarutan / as Gt = msteam / at
= 6186,6571 / 0,2693 = 262,4479 / 0,0273
= 22.973,6697 lbm/ft2.jam = 9.626,2108 lbm/ft2.jam
Pada Tw = 281,9642oF
μw= 0,4581 lbm/ft.jam
∅𝑠 = (μ/μw)0,14 = 1,0431
ho = 21,6732×1,0431
= 22,6076 Btu/jam.ft2.oF
ℎ ×ℎ
Uc = ℎ𝑖𝑜 +ℎ𝑜
𝑖𝑜 𝑜
1.500×22,6076
= 1.500+22,6076
= 22,2719 Btu/jam.ft2.oF
A = a”×L×N
= 0,1963×16×26
= 81,6608 ft2
𝑄
Ud = 𝐴∆𝑇
𝐿𝑀𝑇𝐷
241.997,128
= 81,6608×140,0425
= 21,1610 Btu/jam.ft2.oF
𝑈𝑐 −𝑈𝑑
Rd = 𝑈𝑐 𝑈𝑑
22,2719−21,1610
= 22,2719×21,1610
= 0,0024
Pressure Drop
𝑎
De’ = 4𝑁𝜋𝑂𝐷2𝑠+𝜋𝐼𝐷2 𝑉̇ = 8,1768 ft3/lbm
𝑡 𝑠
Data – data :
- Massa larutan : 4.132,1902 kg/jam
: 9.109,9676 lbm/jam
- Massa air pendingin : 10.655,0011 kg/jam
: 23.490,3791 lbm/jam
- T1 : 245,1191oF
- T2 : 176oF
- t1 : 86oF
- t2 : 113oF
1. Panas suplai yang dibutuhkan (Q) : 668.388,2165 kJ/jam
: 633.507,3043 Btu/jam
∆𝑇1 −∆𝑇2
2. ΔTLMTD : ∆𝑇1
ln
∆𝑇2
(245,1191−113)−(176−86)
: 245,1191−113
ln
176−86
: 109,7154oF
𝑇 −𝑇
R : 𝑡1−𝑡 2
2 1
245,1191−176
: 113−86
: 2,5599
𝑡 −𝑡
S : 𝑇2 −𝑡1
1 1
113−86
: 245,1191−86
: 0,1697
FT : 0,97 (Kern fig 18)
ΔTLMTD koreksi : FT×ΔTLMTD
: 0,97×109,7154
: 106,4239oF
3. Ambil: 1¼ in OD tube, 16 BWG, L = 16 ft
Asumsi Ud = 120 Btu/jam.ft2.oF
a" = 0,3271 ft
𝑄
A = 𝑈𝑑∆T
LMTD
633.507,3043
= 120×106,4239
= 49,6056 ft2
𝐴 49,6056
Banyak tube(N)= 𝑎"𝐿 = = 9,4783 ≈ 10 tube
0,3271×16
𝑄 633.507,3043
Ud = 𝑎"𝐿𝑁∆𝑇 = = 113,7396 Btu/jam.ft2.oF
𝐿𝑀𝑇𝐷 0,3271×16×10×106,4239
Tc : 0,5× (T1+T2)
: 0,5×(245,1191+176)
: 210,5595oF
tc : 0,5×(t1+t2)
: 0,5×(86+113)
: 99,5oF
Pada Tc = 210,5595oF
k = 0,3923 Btu/jam.ft.oF
c = 1,0059 Btu/lbm.oF
(cμ/k)1/3 = 1,2057
1
ℎ𝑜 𝑘 𝑐𝜇 3 hi = 1.400×0,88 Btu/jam.ft2.oF
= 𝑗𝐻 ( )
∅𝑠 𝐷𝑒 𝑘 (Kern fig 25)
230,7138
= 99,5 + 1103,872+230,7138 ×
1.103,872×208,6731
= 1.103,872+208,6731
= 175,4975 Btu/jam.ft2.oF
A = a”×L×N
= 0,3271×16×10
= 52,336 ft2
𝑄
Ud = 𝐴∆𝑇
𝐿𝑀𝑇𝐷
633.507,3043
= 52,336×106,4239
= 113,7396 Btu/jam.ft2.oF
𝑈𝑐 −𝑈𝑑
Rd = 𝑈𝑐 𝑈𝑑
175,4975−113,7396
= 175,4975×113,7396
= 0,0031
Pressure Drop
N+1 = 12L/B 𝑓𝐺 2 𝐿𝑛
∆𝑃𝑡 =
= 12×16/9,9 5,22 × 1010 × 𝐼𝐷𝑡 𝑆𝐺∅𝑡
0,0001×1.373.650,5962 ×16×4
= 19,3939 = 5,22×1010 ×0,0933×0,9931×1
= 20
= 3,7439 psi
= 3,8666 psi
Shell and Tube Heat Shell and Tube Heat Shell and Tube Heat
Tipe Exchanger
Exchanger Exchanger
ID = 8 in IDs = 10 in ID = 10 in
Jumlah 1 1 1
ID = 8 in IDs = 10 in
Passes = 1 Passes = 1
Shell Side Baffle = 9,5 in
Baffle = 6
ΔP = 0,0366 psi ΔP = 0,0046 psi
Jumlah= 32 Jumlah= 52
Panjang = 16 ft Panjang = 16 ft
OD = ¾ in, 15/16-in triangular ODt = ¾ in, 1-in square pitch
Tube Side pitch BWG = 16
BWG = 16 Passes = 2
Passes = 2 ΔP = 0,2009 psi
ΔP = 0,1407 psi
Rd 0,0025 0,0029
Jumlah 1 1
= 0,0175 ft3/s
Perhitungan diameter pipa
Penetapan awal : aliran turbulen
Di,opt = 3,9 . (q)0,45 . (ρ)0,13 (Peters & Timmerhaus ed.3 hal 525)
di mana : Di,opt = diameter dalam pipa optimum, in
ft 3 lb
q = laju alir volumetrik fluida ; ρ = densitas fluida m3
s ft
Di,opt = 3,9 (0,0175)0,45 (59,9616)0,13 = 1,0743in
Dipilih diameter nominal pipa 1,25in schedule 40 (Mc.Cabe ed.6 hal 1068)
Di = 1,38 in
= 0,1149 ft
A = 0,0104 ft2
= 1,6811 ft/s
𝜌𝐷𝑣
NRe = 𝜇
59,9616×0,1149 ×1,6811
= 0,0002
= 51.080,8068
NRe>4.000, sehingga ditetapkan aliran turbulen.
Perhitungan friksi
1. Friksi pada pipa lurus
Panjang pipa diestimasi sekitar 40 ft
Material pipa : commercial steel
ε = 4,6 10-5 m = 1,811 10-3 in (Geankoplis hal 94)
ε 1,811 10−3
= = 0,0013
D 1,38
𝑣2 1,68112 𝑙𝑏𝑓.𝑓𝑡
ℎ𝑐 = 𝐾𝑐 2𝑔𝑐 = 0,55 × 2×32,174 = 0,0242 𝑙𝑏𝑚
= 3.375,4597 lbf/ft2
Tekanan pada posisi 2
P2 = Patm
39,372
= 3 × 14,696 × 3,28082
= 6.348,801 lbf/ft2
Menghitung –Ws :
P2 - P1
Arah m ρ 𝑣
2
P (lbf/ft ) z (ft)
Aliran (lbm/s) (lbm/ft3) (ft/s)
(lbf.ft/lbm)
In (1) 1,0469 3.375,4597 0 1,6811
59,9616 49,5875
Out (2) 1,0469 6.348,801 29,1899 1,6811
∆𝑃 ∆𝑣 2 𝑔
+ + ∆𝑧 + ∑ 𝐹 = −𝑊𝑠
𝜌 2 × 𝑔𝑐 𝑔𝑐
𝑃2 −𝑃1 𝑣 2 −𝑣 2
2 1 𝑔
+ 2.∝.𝑔𝑐 + 𝑔𝑐 (𝑧2 − 𝑧1 ) + ∑ 𝐹 = -Ws
𝜌
32,174
49,5875+ 0 + 32,174 × 29,1899 + 0,8057 = -Ws
Menghitung WHP :
- Ws x m 79,5831×1,0469
WHP = = = 0,1515hp
550 550
Menghitung BHP :
ft 3 gallon
q = 0,0175 = 7,8375
s menit
ηpompa = 30% (Timmerhaus 4thed, hlm. 520, fig. 14-37)
WHP 0,1515
BHP = 0,5049 hp
pompa 0,3
Mengalirkan
metil Formiat Mengalirkan Mengalirkan
Mengalirkan
dari bak larutan dari larutan dari
larutan dari
Fungsi penampung mixer metil reaktor ke
mixer air ke
metil Formiat Formiat ke menara
reaktor
ke mixer reaktor distilasi 1
metil Formiat
Tipe Centrifugal Centrifugal Centrifugal Centrifugal
Laju alir massa 1,0469 lbm/s 1,7185 lbm/s 2,5305 lbm/s 4,2489 lbm/s
Kapasitas 7,8375 gpm 13,1682 gpm 18,906 gpm 32,4739 gpm
WHP 0,1515hp 0,0286 hp 0,0376 hp 0,1365 hp
Efisiensi pompa 30% 30% 30% 33%
BHP 0,5049 hp 0,0952 hp 0,1253 hp 0,0414 hp
Efisiensi motor 80% 80% 80% 80%
Power actual 0,6312 hp 0,1191 hp 0,1566 hp 0,0517 hp
Pompa yang dipilih 0,75 hp 0,25 hp 0,25 hp 0,1 hp
Jumlah 1 1 1 1
Mengalirkan larutan
Fungsi dari bottom distilasi 3
ke mixer air
Tipe Centrifugal
Laju alir massa 5,6107 lbm/s
Kapasitas 42,0881 gpm
WHP 0,0902hp
Efisiensi pompa 42%
BHP 0,2148 hp
Efisiensi motor 80%
Power actual 0,2685 hp
Pompa yang dipilih 0,5 hp
Jumlah 1
L kosong = 2,1969 ft
Total tinggi silinder (Ls) = Lcairan + Lkosong
= 34,2144 + 2,1969
= 36,4113 ft
= 0 + 11,7566
= 11,7566 psig
P desain = 1,05 x P operasi
= 1,05 x 11,7566
= 12,3444 psig
Ri = ID/2 = 273,7158/2 = 136,8579 in
𝑃𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑅𝑖
𝑡𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑙𝑙 =
𝑓. 𝐸 − 0,6 𝑥 𝑃𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑖𝑛
12,3444 𝑥 136,8579
𝑡𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑙𝑙 =
12650 𝑥 0,8 − 0,6 𝑥 12,3444
tshell = 0,1671 in
Dari appendiks F (Brownell & Young) dipilih tebal silinder = 3/16 in.
Menghitung Tebal Tutup Atas dan Tebal Tutup Bawah
Tebal Tutup Atas (Konis)
Dari Brownell & Young tabel 13.1, untuk spesifikasi tangki diatas diperoleh :
- f = 12650
- E = 0,8 [Tabel 3.2 Brownell & Young]
- Faktor Korosi = C = 1/8 in
- α = 30𝑜
Poperasi = 0 psig
Pdesain = 1,05 x 0 = 0 psig
𝑃𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝐷𝑖
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 = +𝐶
2 cos 𝛼 (𝑓. 𝐸 − 0,6 𝑥 𝑃𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑖𝑛 )
0 𝑥 273,7158 1
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 = + = 0,125 𝑖𝑛
2 cos 30𝑜 (12.650 𝑥 0,8 − 0,6 𝑥 12,3444) 8
Dari appendiks F (Brownell & Young) dipilih tebal tutup atas = 3/16 in
𝐷𝑖 273,7158
ℎ= = = 237,0448 𝑖𝑛 = 19,7537 𝑓𝑡
2 tan 30𝑜 2 tan 30𝑜
T tutup atas = t head + h
= 0,0156 + 19,7537
= 19,7693 ft
Tebal Tutup Bawah (Flat Head)
Dari Brownell & Young tabel 13.1, untuk spesifikasi reaktor diatas diperoleh :
- f = 12650
- E = 0,8 [Tabel 3.2 Brownell & Young]
- Faktor Korosi = C = 1/8 in
- c=0,162 [Figure 13.8 Brownell & Young tipe b]
𝑏 = 𝑅𝑐 − √𝐵𝐶 2 − 𝐴𝐵 2
= 0 + 13,3973
= 13,3973 psig
P desain = 1,05 x 13,3973
= 14,0672 psig
𝑃𝑑𝑒𝑠
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 = 𝑑 √𝐶 + 𝑐
𝑓. 𝐸
14,0672
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 = 273,7158 𝑥√0,162 𝑥 + 0,125
12.650 𝑥 0,8
= 4,2324 in
Dari appendiks F (Brownell & Young) dipilih tebal tutup bawah = 4,25 in
Tinggi tutup bawah = t + b + sf
= 0,3542 + 3,8625 + 0,9124
= 5,1291 ft
Tinggi total seluruhnya = tinggi tutup atas + tinggi silinder + tinggi tutup
bawah
= 19,7693 + 36,4113 + 5,1291
= 61,3097 ft