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them with forced labor; and they on earth, allowing Pharaoh and
built garrison cities for Pharaoh: Haman1 and their hosts to
Pithom and Ramses. 1:12But the experience through those [children
more they were oppressed, the of Israel] the very thing against
more they increased and spread which they sought to protect
out, so that the [Egyptians] came themselves.
to dread the Israelites. 1:22Then
Pharaoh charged all his people,
saying, “Every boy that is born
1
Elsewhere the Qur’an identifies Haman as
you shall throw into the Nile, but one of Pharaoh’s chief advisors. This figure
is not to be confused with the biblical figure
let every girl live.”
with the same name in the Book of Esther.
From EXODUS CONVERSATIONS ~ How the Exodus Speaks to Jews, Christians and Muslims
An Interfaith Commentary and Passover Haggadah, www.exodusconversations.org Page 1
The Bible The Qur’an
2:1A certain man of the house of 28:7And so, [when Moses was born,]
Levi went and married a Levite We2 inspired his mother: instructing
woman. 2:2The woman conceived her, “Suckle him [for a time], and
and bore a son; and when she saw then, when you have cause to fear
how beautiful he was, she hid him for him, cast him into the river, and
for three months. 2:3When she have no fear and do not grieve - for
could hide him no longer, she got a We shall restore him to you, and
wicker basket for him and caulked shall make him one of Our message-
it with bitumen and pitch. She put bearers!” 28:8And [some of] Pharaoh’s
the child into it and placed it household found [and spared] Moses.
among the reeds by the bank of [We had willed] that Moses would
the Nile. 2:4And his sister stationed become their enemy and a source of
herself at a distance, to learn what grief to them because Pharaoh and
would befall him. 2:5The daughter Haman and their hosts were sinners
of Pharaoh came down to bathe in indeed! 28:9Now the wife of Pharaoh
the Nile, while her maidens walked said: “A joy to the eye [could this
along the Nile. She spied the child be] for me and you! Slay him
basket among the reeds and sent not: he may well be of use to us, or
her slave girl to fetch it. 2:6When we may adopt him as a son!” And
she opened it, she saw that it was they had no presentiment [of what
a child, a boy crying. She took pity Moses was to become]. 28:10On the
on it and said, “This must be a morrow, however, an aching void
Hebrew child.” 2:7Then his sister grew up in the heart of Moses’
said to Pharaoh’s daughter, “Shall mother, and she would indeed have
I go and get you a Hebrew nurse to disclosed all about him had We not
suckle the child for you?” 2:8And endowed her heart with enough
Pharaoh’s daughter answered, strength to keep alive her faith [in
“Yes.” So the girl went and called God’s promise].
the child’s mother. 2:9And
Pharaoh’s daughter said to her,
“Take this child and nurse it for 2 “We” in the Arabic language is an
me, and I will pay your wages.” expression of respect.
From EXODUS CONVERSATIONS ~ How the Exodus Speaks to Jews, Christians and Muslims
An Interfaith Commentary and Passover Haggadah, www.exodusconversations.org Page 2
The Bible The Qur’an
So the woman took the child and 28:11And so she said to his sister,
nursed it. 2:10When the child grew “Follow him.” And [the girl] watched
up, she brought him to Pharaoh’s the baby from afar, while they [who
daughter, who made him her son. had taken him in] were not aware of
She named him Moses, explaining, it. 28:12Now from the very beginning
“I drew him out of the water.” We caused Moses to refuse the
2:11Some time after that, when breast of [Egyptian] nurses; and
Moses had grown up, he went out [when his sister came to know this,]
to his kinsfolk and witnessed their she said: “Shall I guide you to a
labors. He saw an Egyptian beating family that might rear him for you,
a Hebrew, one of his kinsmen. and look after him with good will?”
2:12He turned this way and that 28:13And thus We restored Moses to
and, seeing no one about, he his mother, so that her eye might be
struck down the Egyptian and hid gladdened, and that she might
him in the sand. 2:13When he went grieve no longer, and that she might
out the next day, he found two know that God’s promise always
Hebrews fighting; so he said to the comes true - even though most of
offender, “Why do you strike your them know it not! 28:14Now when
fellow?” 2:14He retorted, “Who made [Moses] reached full manhood and
you chief and ruler over us? Do you had become mature [of mind], We
mean to kill me as you killed the bestowed upon him the ability to
Egyptian?” Moses was frightened, judge [between right and wrong] as
and thought: Then the matter is well as [innate] knowledge: for thus
known! 2:15When Pharaoh learned do We reward the doers of good.
of the matter, he sought to kill 28:15And [one day] he entered the
Moses; but Moses fled from city at a time when [most of] its
Pharaoh. He arrived in the land of people were [resting in their
Midian, and sat down beside a well. houses,] unaware of what was going
on [in the streets]; and there he
encountered two men fighting with
one another - one of his own people,
and the other of his enemies.
From EXODUS CONVERSATIONS ~ How the Exodus Speaks to Jews, Christians and Muslims
An Interfaith Commentary and Passover Haggadah, www.exodusconversations.org Page 3
The Bible The Qur’an
3:1Now Moses, tending the flock of And the one who belonged to his
his father-in-law Jethro, the priest own people cried out to him for
of Midian, drove the flock into the help against him who was of his
wilderness, and came to Horeb, the enemies - whereupon Moses struck
mountain of God. 3:2An angel of him down with his fist, and [thus]
Adonai appeared to him in a brought about his end. [But then
blazing fire out of a bush. He Moses] said [to himself]: “This is of
gazed, and there was a bush all Satan’s doing! Verily, he is an open
aflame, yet the bush was not foe, leading [man] astray!” 28:16[And]
consumed. 3:3Moses said, “I must he prayed: O my Sustainer! Verily,
turn aside to look at this marvelous I have sinned against myself! Grant
sight; why doesn’t the bush burn me, then, Your forgiveness!” And
up?” 3:4When Adonai saw that he He forgave him - for, verily, He
had turned aside to look, God alone is truly forgiving, a dispenser
called to him out of the bush: of grace. 28:17Said he: “O my
“Moses! Moses!” He answered, Sustainer! [I vow] by all the
“Here I am.” 3:5And He said, “Do blessings which You have bestowed
not come closer….” 3:7And Adonai on me: Nevermore shall I aid such
… [said to Moses], “I have marked as are lost in sin!” 28:18And next
well the plight of My people in morning he found himself in the
Egypt and have heeded their outcry city, looking fearfully about him,
because of their taskmasters; yes, I when lo! the one who had sought
am mindful of their sufferings. 3:8I his help the day before [once again]
have come down to rescue them cried out to him [for help -
from the Egyptians and to bring whereupon] Moses said to him:
them out of that land to a good and “Behold, you are indeed, most
spacious land, a land flowing with clearly, deeply in the wrong!”
milk and honey …. 3:10Come, 28:19But then, as soon as he was
From EXODUS CONVERSATIONS ~ How the Exodus Speaks to Jews, Christians and Muslims
An Interfaith Commentary and Passover Haggadah, www.exodusconversations.org Page 4
The Bible The Qur’an
From EXODUS CONVERSATIONS ~ How the Exodus Speaks to Jews, Christians and Muslims
An Interfaith Commentary and Passover Haggadah, www.exodusconversations.org Page 5
The Bible The Qur’an
all the marvels that I have put within 28:30But when he came close to it, a
your power. I, however, will stiffen call was sounded from the right-
his heart so that he will not let the side bank of the valley, out of the
people go. tree [burning] on blessed ground:
“O Moses! Verily, I am God, the
5:1Afterward Moses and [his brother] Sustainer of all the worlds!”
Aaron went and said to Pharaoh, 28:31And [then He said]: “Throw
“Thus says Adonai, the God of Israel: down your staff!” But as soon as
Let My people go that they may [Moses] saw it move rapidly, as if it
celebrate a festival for Me in the were a snake, he drew back [in
wilderness.” 5:2But Pharaoh said, terror], and did not [dare to] return.
“Who is Adonai that I should heed [And God spoke to him again:] “O
Him and let Israel go? I do not know Moses! Draw near, and have no
Adonai, nor will I let Israel go.” fear for, behold, you are of those
5:20As [the foremen of the Israelites] who are secure [in this world and
left Pharaoh’s presence, they came in the next]! 28:32“[And now] put
upon Moses and Aaron standing in your hand into your bosom: it will
their path, 5:21and they said to come forth [shining] white, without
them, “May Adonai look upon you blemish. And [henceforth] hold
and punish you for making us your arm close to yourself, free of
loathsome to Pharaoh and his all fear.” These, then, shall be the
courtiers—putting a sword in their two signs [of your bearing a
hands to slay us.” 5:22Then Moses message] from your Sustainer to
returned to Adonai and said, “O Pharaoh and his great ones - for,
Adonai, why did You bring harm behold, they are people depraved!”
upon this people? Why did You send
me? 10:88And Moses prayed: “O our
5:23Ever since I came to Pharaoh to Sustainer! You have truly granted
speak in Your name, he has dealt splendor and riches to Pharaoh in
worse with this people; and still You his lifetime and to his great ones
have not delivered Your people.” with the result, O our Sustainer,
that they are leading [others] astray
from Your path!
From EXODUS CONVERSATIONS ~ How the Exodus Speaks to Jews, Christians and Muslims
An Interfaith Commentary and Passover Haggadah, www.exodusconversations.org Page 6
The Bible The Qur’an
6:1Then Adonai said to Moses, “You O our Sustainer! Wipe out their
shall soon see what I will do to riches, and harden their hearts, so
Pharaoh: he shall let them go that they will not develop faith and
because of a greater might; indeed, perceive the grievous suffering [that
because of a greater might he shall awaits them]!” 10:89[God] answered:
drive them from his land.” “Your prayer is accepted! Continue,
7:8Adonai said to Moses and Aaron, then, [you and Aaron] steadfastly
7:9“When Pharaoh speaks to you and on the right way, and follow not the
says, ‘Produce your marvel,’ you path of those who have no
shall say to Aaron, ‘Take your rod knowledge [of right and wrong].”
and cast it down before Pharaoh.’ It
shall turn into a serpent.” 7:10So 7:103…We sent Moses [and his
Moses and Aaron came before brother, Aaron] with Our messages
Pharaoh and did just as Adonai had to Pharaoh and his great ones, who
commanded: Aaron cast down his willfully rejected them. Behold
rod in the presence of Pharaoh and what happened in the end to those
his courtiers, and it turned into a spreaders of corruption! 7:104And
serpent. 7:11Then Pharaoh, for his Moses said, “O Pharaoh! Verily, I
part, summoned the wise men and am an apostle from the Sustainer
the sorcerers; and the Egyptian of all the worlds, 7:105so constituted
magicians, in turn, did the same that I cannot say anything about
with their spells; 7:12each cast down God but the truth. I have now come
his rod, and they turned into to you with clear evidence from
serpents. But Aaron’s rod swallowed your Sustainer: Let, the children of
their rods. Israel go with me!” 7:106Then
7:19And Adonai said to Moses, “Say [Pharaoh] replied, “If you have
to Aaron: Take your rod and hold come with a sign, produce it - if
out your arm over the waters of you are a man of truth!” 7:107Then
Egypt—its rivers, its canals, its [Moses] threw down his staff, and
ponds, all its bodies of water—that lo! it became a serpent, plainly
they may turn to blood; there shall visible; 7:108and he drew forth his
be blood throughout the land of hand, and lo! it appeared [shining]
Egypt, even in vessels of wood and white to the beholders.
stone.”
From EXODUS CONVERSATIONS ~ How the Exodus Speaks to Jews, Christians and Muslims
An Interfaith Commentary and Passover Haggadah, www.exodusconversations.org Page 7
The Bible The Qur’an
From EXODUS CONVERSATIONS ~ How the Exodus Speaks to Jews, Christians and Muslims
An Interfaith Commentary and Passover Haggadah, www.exodusconversations.org Page 8
The Bible The Qur’an
From EXODUS CONVERSATIONS ~ How the Exodus Speaks to Jews, Christians and Muslims
An Interfaith Commentary and Passover Haggadah, www.exodusconversations.org Page 9
The Bible The Qur’an
12: 23For
when Adonai goes through 7:127And the great ones among
to smite the Egyptians, He will see Pharaoh’s people asked him,
the blood on the lintel and the two “Will you allow Moses and his
doorposts, and Adonai will pass people to spread corruption on
over the door and not let the earth, and to [cause your people
Destroyer enter and smite your to] forsake you and your gods?”
home. [Pharaoh] replied, “We shall slay
their sons in great numbers and
12:8They shall eat the flesh [of the shall spare [only] their women:
passover offering] that same night; for, verily, we hold sway over
they shall eat it roasted over the them!” 7:128[And] Moses said to
fire, with unleavened bread and his people: “Turn to God for aid,
with bitter herbs. and have patience in adversity.
Verily, all the earth belongs to
12: 24“You shall observe this as an God: He gives it as a heritage - to
institution for all time, for you and such as He wills of His servants;
for your descendants. 12:27…you and the future belongs to the
shall say, ‘It is the passover sacrifice God-conscious!” 7:129[But the
to Adonai, because He passed over children of Israel] said, “We have
the houses of the Israelites in Egypt suffered hurt before and since
when He smote the Egyptians, but you have come to us!” [Moses]
saved our houses.’”12:29In the middle replied, “It may well be that your
of the night Adonai struck down all Sustainer will destroy your foe
the first-born in the land of Egypt, and make you inherit the earth:
from the first-born of Pharaoh who and thereupon He will see how
sat on the throne to the first-born of you act.” 7:130We overwhelmed
the captive who was in the Pharaoh’s people with drought
dungeon, and all the first-born of and scarcity of fruits, so that
the cattle. 12:30And Pharaoh arose in they might take it to heart.
the night, with all his courtiers and 7:131But whenever good fortune
all the Egyptians—because there alighted upon them, they would
was a loud cry in Egypt; for there say, “This is [but] our due,”
was no house where there was not
someone dead.
From EXODUS CONVERSATIONS ~ How the Exodus Speaks to Jews, Christians and Muslims
An Interfaith Commentary and Passover Haggadah, www.exodusconversations.org Page 10
The
TheBible The Qur’an
The Bible
Bible
12:31He summoned Moses and and whenever affliction befell
Aaron in the night and said, “Up, them, they would blame their evil
depart from among my people, fortune on Moses and those who
you and the Israelites with you! followed him. Oh, verily, their
Go, worship Adonai as you said! [evil] fortune had been decreed
12:32Take also your flocks and your
by God - but most of them knew
herds, as you said, and be gone! it not. 7:132And they said [to
And may you bring a blessing Moses], “Whatever sign you may
upon me also!” produce before us in order to
14:21Then Moses held out his arm
cast a spell upon us, we shall not
over the sea and Adonai drove believe you!” 7:133Thereupon We
back the sea with a strong east let loose upon them floods, and
wind all that night, and turned [plagues of] locusts, and lice, and
the sea into dry ground. The frogs, and [water turning into]
waters were split, 14:22and the blood – distinct signs [all]: but
Israelites went into the sea on dry they gloried in their arrogance,
ground, the waters forming a wall for they were people lost in sin.
for them on their right and on 7:134And as each plague struck
their left. 14:23The Egyptians came them, they would cry: “O Moses,
in pursuit after them into the sea, pray for us to your Sustainer on
all of Pharaoh’s horses, chariots, the strength of the covenant
and horsemen. 14:26Then Adonai which He has made with you! If
said to Moses, “Hold out your arm you remove this plague from us,
over the sea, that the waters may we will truly believe in you and
come back upon the Egyptians will let the children of Israel go
and upon their chariots and upon with you!” 7:135But whenever We
their horsemen.” 14:27Moses held removed the plague from them,
out his arm over the sea, and at giving them time to make good
daybreak the sea returned to its their promise, they would break
normal state, and the Egyptians their word. 7:136And so We
fled at its approach. But Adonai inflicted Our retribution on them,
hurled the Egyptians into the sea. and caused them to drown in the
sea, because they had been
heedless of Our messages.
From EXODUS CONVERSATIONS ~ How the Exodus Speaks to Jews, Christians and Muslims
An Interfaith Commentary and Passover Haggadah, www.exodusconversations.org Page 11
The Bible The Qur’an
14:28The waters turned back and 7:137By contrast, to the people who
covered the chariots and the [in the past] had been deemed
horsemen— Pharaoh’s entire army utterly low, We gave as their
that followed them into the sea; heritage the eastern and western
not one of them remained. parts of the land that We had
blessed. And [thus] your
Deuteronomy 7:6For
you are a people Sustainer’s good promise to the
consecrated to Adonai your God: children of Israel was fulfilled as a
of all the peoples on earth Adonai result of their patience in adversity.
your God chose you to be His And We utterly destroyed all that
treasured people. 7:7It is not Pharaoh and his people had
because you are the most wrought, and all that they had
numerous of peoples that Adonai built. 7:138And We brought the
set His heart on you and chose children of Israel across the sea….
you—indeed, you are the smallest
of peoples; 7:8but it was because 44:30And, indeed, We delivered the
Adonai favored you and kept the children of Israel from the
oath He made to your fathers that shameful suffering 44:31[inflicted on
Adonai freed you with a mighty them] by Pharaoh, seeing that he
hand and rescued you from the was truly outstanding among those
house of bondage, from the power who waste their own selves;
of Pharaoh king of Egypt. 44:32and, indeed, We chose them
From EXODUS CONVERSATIONS ~ How the Exodus Speaks to Jews, Christians and Muslims
An Interfaith Commentary and Passover Haggadah, www.exodusconversations.org Page 12