Beginners Guides Command Pr..

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Like the Windows graphical environment you are used to, the command prompt uses drives
and directories (folders) to organize data. Each logical drive (C:\, D:\, etc.) has it's own
entry here, and contains its own set of directories and files.
The command prompt window will place you at'C:\>' by default, meaning you are looking at
the logical 'C:\' drive, generally the first hard disk on your computer and the one on which
Windows is installed.
As an experiment, go to 'my computer' and open your c: drive in a window. Now at the
command prompt, type 'DIR'.
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As you can see, the contents of both windows are the same, though the order will be
slightly different since Explorer puts folders before files, while the directory (DIR) command
simply lists all contents alphabetically.

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The 'DIR' command lists the contents of the folder or drive you are currently at in the
command prompt. To get a more useful listing of the files and folders in your current
directory, use the 'DIR /d' or 'DIR /p' switches. The former displays the list in three
columns, fitting more info on a single screen, while the latter pauses at the end of each
screen of information, waiting for you to press a key before it continues scrolling. Note how
the contents of the 'DIR' command are the same files shown in the Explorer window on your
desktop.
Moving Between Folders
To navigate between folders in the command prompt, you can use the 'CD' command. 'CD'
stands for 'Change Directory' and it works as you'd think it would. To get to the 'windows'
folder from the C:\> prompt;
type: cd windows
Then, hit the enter key. Your prompt will now read 'C:\WINDOWS>' indicating you are in the
'windows' folder on the 'C:\' drive. Typing 'DIR' now will get you a list of the files in the
windows folder.
To go 'back' to the parent folder or drive of the folder you are currently in;
type: cd. .
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This will return you to the C:\> prompt.


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Note that you can navigate multiple directories at a time by typing in the full path after the
'CD' command. Let's say you wanted to reach the C:\windows\system32\drivers folder. The
easiest way to do this from the C:\> prompt would be to;
type: cd windows\system32\drivers
That command will navigate directly to the folder you are trying to reach. This brings us to
changing drives, which is handled differently from changing folders. Instead of using the
'CD' command, you can simply type the drive letter like this;
type: d:
By typing the drive letter you automatically move to your most recent location in that drive.
Now use the 'CD' command to navigate to the desired folder on the new drive.
Switches and Command Help
Instructions are available for every command prompt command, and can be accessed
simply by typing the command followed by ' /?'. For example, to obtain a help listing for the
CD command,
type: cd /?
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Note there is a space between the command and the switch. These help files will give you a
quick blurb on the command's purpose, a guide to the proper syntax for using it, and a list
of switches and other options that can be used with the command.
Switches are optional extra settings that can be used with command prompt commands to
make them behave differently. For example, by default, the DIR command will list the
contents of your current location in one continuous scrolling list. If you are in a directory
that contains many files, like C:\windows\system32, this is not very useful. By adding the /p
switch, you can make the list pause after every full screen of information is displayed,
making the results easier to browse. In a similar fashion, 'DIR /w' will cause the folder
contents to be listed in several columns, so you can fit more on a single screen. Switches
come between the command itself and the target, like this;
type: dir /p windows\system32
More than one switch can be used with a command, like this;
type: dir /s /w /p windows\system32
Use the help (/?) switch for each command to find more useful switches and options!
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Creating and Deleting Folders and Files
You can create and delete folders within the command prompt by using the make directory
'MKDIR' and remove directory 'RMDIR' commands. Making a directory is as simple as
typing: MKDIR (directory name)
And to remove an empty directory type: RMDIR (directory name)
Note that like all command prompt commands, these depend on your current location in the
command prompt. So if you were at C:\> and typed 'MKDIR myfolder', you would have
created 'C:\myfolder'. If you were at 'D:\mydata>' and typed the same command, you
would create 'D:\mydata\myfolder'. You can speed things up by adding paths to the
command, as we did with 'CD' above.
type: MKDIR windows\system32\drivers\creative
From the C:\> prompt will create the 'creative' directory in 'windows\system32\drivers'.
Note that when you use the MKDIR command in this way, any folders in your command that
do not exist will be created. For example, if you typed: MKDIR windows\mike\mikedrivers
the 'mike' and 'mikedrivers' directories would both be created.
The DEL command can be used to delete files within the directories you create. Typing 'del
(directory name)' will delete all files in that directory, while typing 'del (filename)' will delete
that file. You can add directories to the path of the DEL command, for example:
type: DEL windows\mikedir\mikedrivers\mike1.exe
This would delete the 'mike1.exe' file within the directory 'windows\mikedir\mikedrivers\'.
Running Programs Within the Command Prompt
The second part of PCstats Guide to the Windows XP Command Prompt will deal with
several command prompt utilities that can make dealing with Windows much easier,
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especially when networking. To run a utility in the command prompt, you need only type its
name. For example; MKDIR, DEL and CD are all little programs that you have already run
from the command prompt. Generally you need to be in the same directory or folder as the
command file (.EXE, .COM or .BAT) for an application you want to run when you type its
name, but the command prompt uses a system taken from previous versions of DOS (and
older OS) to ensure that this is not always necessary.

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Beginners Guides Command Prompt With Win XP

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Moving Between Folders

This will return you to the C:\> prompt.

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Switches and Command Help

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type: dir /p windows\system32

type: dir /s /w /p windows\system32

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Creating and Deleting Folders and Files

And to remove an empty directory type: RMDIR (directory name)

type: MKDIR windows\system32\drivers\creative

type: DEL windows\mikedir\mikedrivers\mike1.exe

Running Programs Within the Command Prompt

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