Thesis Wala Pang Page

PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA
Poblacion II, Malinta, Valenzuela City
AN ASSESSMENT OF WOMEN’S LIVELIHOOD PROGRAMS INITIATED BY

CITY GOVERNMENT OF VALENZUELA
A Thesis
Submitted to the Faculty of the
College of Public Administration
Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Valenzuela
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree
Bachelor of Science in Public Administration
John Enrico A.Abiad

Marc Alvin B.Condat
Rayniolet P.Inguito
Rochelle D.Patiño
Patricia Ann G.Reyes
March 2017
i
ABSTRACT
This study presents assessment of the women’s livelihood program in
Valenzuela City. The Following factors considered in the assessment are the
development of skills of the beneficiaries in terms of Managerial, Interpersonal
and Personality Development skills and also on the assessment of the financial
assistance, logistics and the implementation of the livelihood Programs in terms
of process and program itself. Descriptive and quantitative research was utilized
and purposive sampling was used. The survey method was used with total
research participants from the financial assistance and logistics were 64.Findings
showed that Majority of the respondents strongly agree that the implementation
of the program in terms of the program itself and the process of it is effective and
suited in organizing the program.

ii
APPROVAL SHEET
This thesis entitled “AN ASSESSMENT OF WOMEN’S LIVELIHOOD
PROGRAMS INITIATED BY THE CITY GOVERNMENT OF VALENZUELA”
prepared and submitted by JOHN ENRICO ABIAD, MARC ALVIN CONDAT,
RAYNIOLET INGUITO, ROCHELLE PATIŇO, and PATRICIA ANN REYES in
partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in
Public Administration has been examined and recommended for the acceptance
and approval for oral defense.
Mr. JAMESON H. TAN

Adviser
THESIS REVIEW PANEL

Approved by the committee on Oral Examination
MICHVILLE RIVERA, MGM HELEN BAGUNA, MPA

Member Member
JOHN A. CABADDU, MPA
Chairman
Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the

Degree of Bachelor of Science in Public Administration.
DR. LEONITA C. TRAMPE

Dean, College of Business, Accountancy and Public Administration
Date of Final Defense: March 18, 2017

Grade:
PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
With deepest gratitude and appreciation, we humbly give thanks to the
people who, with all they can, helped us making our research a possible one.
First and foremost, we would like to acknowledge the Almighty God for his
guidance and wisdom throughout the process.
We would like to express our sincere gratitude to our panelists; Mr. John
Cabaddu, Mr. Michville Rivera and Mrs. Helen Baguna, for sharing to us they’re
knowledge and ideas to improve our research, for their patience during the times
that we commit failures and a big thanks for touching my life on their advices and
for motivating me to study harder to have a better future.
To Ms. Olivia Tabasa, our former thesis adviser, thank you for helping us
to build our foundation on our first three chapters.
To Dr. Jameson Tan, we humbly give thanks to him, with all that he can,
share with us everything that he knows and keep our group to pursue our goals
in life, most of all our entire goal to finish our research.
Lastly, To our parents, for their unending love and support, for providing
all our needs financially and morally, for their patience and understanding during
our tiring days that we can’t help them in the household chores and for being
there for us no matter what.

PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA iv
Page
Table of Contents
Title Page
Abstract........................................................................................................................... i
Approval Sheet .............................................................................................................. ii
Acknowledgement ........................................................................................................ iii
Table of Contents ......................................................................................................... iv
List of Tables ............................................................................................................... vii
List of Figures............................................................................................................. viii
Chapter 1: Problem and its Background .......................................................................
Introduction ...............................................................................................................1-4
Conceptual Framework .............................................................................................4-6
Statement of the Problem ............................................................................................ 6
Significance of the Study...........................................................................................7-9
Scope and Limitation...............................................................................................9-10
Definition of Terms ..................................................................................................... 10
Chapter 2: Review of Related Literatures and Studies ............................................. 11

PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA iv
Local Literature .......................................................................................................... 11
Foreign Literature....................................................................................................... 12
Local Studies ........................................................................................................13-15
Foreign Studies .....................................................................................................15-17
Synthesis of Related Literatures and Studies ........................................................17-18
Chapter 3: Methodology.............................................................................................. 19
Research Design ........................................................................................................ 19
Research Locale....................................................................................................19-20
Samples and Sampling Techniques used ................................................................... 20
Instrumentation ......................................................................................................20-22
Data Gathering Process ............................................................................................. 23
Statistical Treatment of Data..................................................................................24-26
Chapter 4: Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation of Data ................................. 27
Demographic Profile of the Respondents...............................................................27-30
Development of Skills of the Respondents.............................................................31-36
Assessment of the Beneficiaries on the Livelihood Program ..................................36-43
Chapter 5: Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation of Data ................................. 44
Summary of the Findings .......................................................................................44-45
Conclusions ...........................................................................................................45-47
Recommendations...................................................................................................... 48
vi
v
Bibliography ....................................................................................................................
Appendix ..........................................................................................................................
Letter for the City Social Welfare and Development Office .............................
Letter for the Livelihood Office
Application for Designating a Thesis Grammarian
Survey Questionnaire for Financial Assistance
Survey Questionnaire for Logistics
Tallied results for Financial Assistance
Tallied results for Logistics
Endorsement Letter for Final Oral Defense

PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA vivii
List of Tables
Page
Table 1: 4 Point Likert Scale Interpretation ...................................................................
Table 1: Age of the Respondents ...................................................................................
Table 2: Civil Status of the Respondents ......................................................................
Table 3: Educational Attainment of the Respondents ..................................................
Table 4: Length of Residency of the Respondents .......................................................
Table 5: Development of Managerial Skills of Women Beneficiaries ...........................
Table 6: Development of Interpersonal Skills of Women Beneficiaries .......................
Table 7: Personality Development Skills of Women Beneficiaries .............................
Table 8: Assessment of Respondents on Financial Assistance on
Women’s Livelihood Program ..........................................................................
Table 9: Assessment of Respondents on Logistics Program on Women’s
Livelihood Program ..........................................................................................
Table 10: Implementation of Livelihood Programs in terms of the Program itself .....
Table 11: Implementation of Livelihood Programs in terms of Process......................
Table 12: Overall Satisfaction of Women Beneficiaries on the Livelihood

viii
vii
Programs and the Development of Skills of the Respondents ...................
List of Figures
Page
Figure 1: Conceptual Framework ...................................................................................

Chapter 1
PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
As taught by Lao Tzu “give a man a fish and you feed him for a day; teach
a man to fish and you feed him for a lifetime.” In livelihood programs, it is more
worthwhile to teach someone to do something than to do it for them. Livelihood is
a person's means of supporting himself through means of using available
resources around his environment.
The history shows evidence of gender discrimination in our society. In the
past, most women stay at home while men work outside. Even in the modern
Philippine setting, there is always a big stereotyping of women in our society.
Men see women as “weak” and “fragile”. Most women struggle for freedom for
they cannot achieve what they want in life for gender discrimination exists in
every path that they’ve chosen in terms of employability, though most of women
work in office, most of them still experience discrimination just because they are
women.
Women who gave birth to human being should be assured an equal role in
society specially in participating in livelihood programs. It was strengthening by
the use of legislations that was implemented in the Philippines. According to
Republic Act 9710 “An Act Providing for the Magna Carta of Women” Section 2, it
states that the State affirms the role of women in nation building and ensures the
substantive equality of women and men. It shall promote empowerment of
women and pursue equal opportunities for women and men ensure equal access
to resources and to development results and outcome. Further, the State realizes
that equality of men and women entails the abolition of the unequal structures
and practices that perpetuate discrimination and inequality in the economic,
political, social and cultural life of women and men.
In Valenzuela City, the City government advocates the single mothers for
a livelihood programs as a part of the women's month celebration under the
supervision of Valenzuela City Gender and Development Council. According to
Special Projects Office Head Ms. Dorothy Evangelista, "the main purpose of the
activity is to educate the women, particularly the single moms, on alternative
sources of income to raise their children." The livelihood program supports the
plan in reducing unemployment in the city. Teaching the people to have their own
source of income will produce lasting effect rather than providing them just a one-
day meal. In this way, they will elevate their will and their lifestyle and provide for
their family and help their community as well. This study will focus on the
livelihood programs for women initiated by the City Government of Valenzuela
under the supervision of City Social Welfare and Development Office (CSWDO),
and Livelihood Office (LO). The City Social Welfare and Development Office
(CSWDO) are tasked to provide social protection and promote the rights and
welfare of the poor and vulnerable groups. It formulates and develops plans and
strategies on social welfare programs and projects while ensuring the delivery of
basic services. It strives for the provision of adequate facilities to uplift the status
of marginalized sectors of the society by helping them to become self-reliant and
be an active members of the society.
The Livelihood Office (LO) contributes to the City’s human development
efforts through the creation of employment and business opportunities through
livelihood training programs, aimed at improve the quality of life it reduces
poverty incidence and promote self-reliance among the City’s constituents.
Researchers prefer to conduct this research study that aims to increase
understanding of livelihoods and the rights and well-being of women in
ValenzuelaCity with the particular focus on the livelihood programs for women.
This study is conducted to inform the local government on the effects of having a
livelihood programs particularly on the women and the issues and concerns
being encountered by the beneficiaries when it comes to the conduction of the
program
Conceptual Framework
According to Horsch (1997), "Input indicators measure resources, both
human and financial, devoted to a particular program or intervention. Input
indicators can also include measures of characteristics of target populations.
Process indicators measures ways in which program services and goods are
provided. Output indicators measure the quantity of goods and services
produced and the efficiency of production."

The term feedback is often used to describe all kinds of comments made after
the fact including advice, praise, and evaluation. But none of these are feedback,
strictly speaking. Basically, feedback is information about we are doing in our
efforts to reach a goal. (Wiggins, 2012).
Conceptual Framework
INPUT
Livelihood Programs
for Women Initiated by
the City Government of PROCESS
Valenzuela
Survey OUTPUT
 Financial
Assistance Questionnaires Recommendations
(CSWDO)
 Trainings
and
Seminars
(Livelihood
Office)
FEEDBACK
Figure 1. Conceptual Framework Diagram
Figure 1 shows the diagram of the conceptual framework of this study. In
the framework, arrows point to the three-cycle enclosed in rectangles. The first
step among the three stages is the input. The input will be livelihood programs for
women initiated by the City Government of Valenzuela and the process will be in
the form of survey questionnaires to be able to attain the recommendations as
the output. This framework takes a livelihood approach that centralizes on the
importance of livelihood programs especially for women that is initiated by the
City government of Valenzuela. The framework conveys theimpact of the
livelihood programs to the respondents in terms of the development of their skills.
Further, it also expresses their assessment to the livelihood programs in terms of
the program itself and its implementation and formulate a recommendations that
will be recommend by the researchers. This is the first time the framework has
been used to investigate gender issues.
Statement of the Problem
1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents on the Financial
Assistance and Logistics Services in terms of:
1.1 Age;
1.2 Civil Status;
1.3 Educational Attainment and;
1.4 Length/Year of Residency?
2. How do the respondents rate the development of skills of the women
beneficiaries of the livelihood programs in terms of:
2.1 Managerial Skills;
2.2 Interpersonal Skills and;
2.3 Personality Development Skills?
3. How do the Recipients assess the livelihood programs in terms of?
3.1 Financial Assistance;
3.2 Logistics and;

3.3 Implementation?
4. What are the proposed Recommendations?
Significance of the Study
The importance of this study is that every one of us will become
knowledgeable about the livelihood programs for women initiated by the City
government of Valenzuela. The research makes a direct contribution and informs
the local government of Valenzuela. The assessment of the livelihood programs,
particularly the impact of the livelihood programs as perceived and experience by
the current beneficiaries and other beneficiaries. It helps to identify further
challenges, and thereby enables both staff and beneficiaries to enhance the
effectiveness of the livelihood programs.
The vital results of this study could be highly significant and beneficial
specifically to the following:
Local Government of Valenzuela
The findings of the study will acknowledge the livelihood programs
initiated by the City government of Valenzuela. Also, they will know if their
programs are fruitful through the research. At the end of the findings, researcher
will propose a recommendations for further improvement and sustainability of
livelihood programs.
Community
It will benefit in our community. Underemployment will be lessen because
of this livelihood programs; some women in Valenzuela will have a new life and
will have an improved women empowerment.
Women Beneficiaries
The study will recognize the abilities of women specially those who are
part of the programs by means of their acquired skills, achievements and their
current status after they become part of the program.
Women Citizens of Valenzuela
The study will help them through assessment and evaluation of livelihood
programs. This will help for them to improve their managerial, interpersonal, and
personality development skills.
Future Researchers
The researchers will benefit to this study. They will become
knowledgeable about the livelihood programs for women initiated by the City
government of Valenzuela. The results of this study could be used as a reference
and could provide useful and helpful information in the terms of public service.
Educational Institution
This study would help educational institutions that provides technical
trainings that will enhance and could develop skills of the beneficiaries especially
the women.
Scope and Limitations

This study will focus on the livelihood programs for women initiated by the
Local government of Valenzuela as provided by City Social Welfare and
Development Office (CSWDO), and Livelihood Office (LO). It will also look out at
how the respondents rate their development of skills of the women beneficiaries
in terms of Managerial, Interpersonal, and Personality Development Skills, and
how do the recipients assess the livelihood programs in terms of Financial
Assistance, Logistics, and its Implementation in terms of the Programs and the
Process. To achieve our objectives, the researchers will use Quantitative type of
research wherein we’re going to extract information to the respondents through
the use of survey questionnaire. In the, structure of the survey questionnaire,
questions are designed to cover the variables within the objectives of the study.
This study will not cover other livelihood programs initiated by the
Government of Valenzuela except the livelihood programs for women.
The researcher would like to emphasize that the study is limited to City
Government of Valenzuela only.
Definition of Terms
Livelihood – This refers to a person's means of supporting himself through
means of using available resources around his environment.
Women Empowerment – This refers to a group of individual, composing of all
women that are given an equal opportunity to participate in all aspect of activities
not just to gain benefits on the society but also to make them more competent.
Chapter 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
Local Literature
To make every woman a part of an innovating society, as stated by
(PitlaneMagazine, 2017), they must have a proper education not just on the
things that they have to learn in schools, but also to other things that could
provide not just themselves, but also their family a source of income to eradicate
the stereotyping of the society where they stand.
As stated in (Chapter 5 of the Republic Act 9710 or the Magna Carta for
Women), The State recognizes the contribution of women to food production and
shall ensure its sustainability and sufficiency with the active participation of
women. Even in the government, the Philippine Legislation proudly encourages
and supports the women’s participation for the economic development of the
community.
To improve the quality of lives of women based on sustained, equitable
growth, and balanced ecology, as stated in the City Ordinance no.5004 Article XI
section.72 Davao, Gender and Development, the right of women in their city,
women have opportunities and the rights to have a quality of life, and also sees
as the agents of change and development.

Foreign literature:
As a chance to improve their lives, these women – among the poorest of
the poor –are well aware of their social and economic positions, and developing
profitable businesses, as stated by (Poulin, 2015). The struggle of women’s
empowerment has been a big issue since the ancient times. Even in the modern
times where the rights of men and women are tending to be equal, there is still a
lack of development because of resources, trainings, and opportunities that
should be provided by the governing officials in their community.
In India, the Rural Education and Development (READ) Global provides
livelihood training programs and educational workshops to 400 women and 200
female children, as stated on the article of Greene (2001), The program explains
that women should not be restricted to housework and prevented from learning
home, they should have opportunities to contribute to the family income, to easily
help their families to escape the cycle of poverty.
As stated on the program conducted by the International Fund for
Agricultural Development (IFAD) on the livelihood programs for women initiated
at the Mid – Gangetic Plains in India (n. d.), “Women here are particularly
disadvantaged because of strong patriarchal forces and rigid caste divisions. The
program has the aim of empowering women and adolescent girls by helping
them establish sustainable grass-roots institutions and by ensuring that they
have access to microfinance and business development services. It will promote
diversification of women’s opportunities for livelihoods, both on-farm and off-farm,

and it supports development of a sustainable livelihood base for women that will
be integrated into the wider economy.” This discusses on how women will sustain
and maintain the established program. It is also, promotes women’s opportunity
for supporting the economy to become better.
Local Studies
Gender discriminations on women exists even before especially if they
were married and were not encouraged to strive for leadership positions, Even in
business, women were denied power by men who belittled their styles of
managing business, as stated on the study utilized by Macarayan (1993), as a
matter of fact, because of the responsibilities of women as a mother and a wife,
the opportunity to participate on businesses became impossible for them.
Women’s participation on the Livelihoods and livelihood opportunities are
among the first casualties when communities are forced to escape from violent
conflict, as stated to the study of Guiam(2013). The study tells that livelihoods
and livelihood opportunities can help a simple community to escape from an
economic problem or violent conflicts and establishing a small common fund to
start a collective form near where the beneficiaries live. The common fund was
needed to guarantee rent to the owner of the small, irrigated rice land to ensure
their respective families food security during the months prior to harvest. It can
help a woman to recover and become knowledgeable for the past problems.
Engaging women in livelihoods allowing them to exchange their time and
labor for money, As the result of the study by the Regional Fishery Livelihood
Program (RFLP) forSouth and South East Asia (2006), generally, every woman
has a big role in the participation of livelihood program aside from gaining profit,
these kinds of opportunities improve and enhance their skills even with or without
a help of Gender and Development Framework.
As on the study conducted by Canete (1987), without any support of the
local government through the means of educating their people and providing
them the necessary budget and equipment, even with lots of resources, the
income generation program of the community will not d cannot be the answer to
the problems of the locals.
To achieve positive livelihood outcomes, a variety of assets are
necessary, especially for the poor, as a primary concern of livelihoods and
poverty elimination, a study utilized by Camp, et al., (2013).By the support of the
governing officials of the community, livelihood programs became effective. In
the Philippines, women comprise more than half of the total population. Without
the meaningful contribution of more than half of the country's population, the
Philippines cannot move forward to industrialization.
Providing human capital as the main resource of development, in
particular women, that can bring about a drastic change in the development
process, a study conducted by Manero (1996). This study recognized the role of
women as a part of the catalyst of development of the community, And on every
setting of the community, participation of women is very important as a factor of a

good human capital as the main resources that the community needed for its
development.
Most of women now on the society have gained recognitions because of
their works on every different profession.This is evidently stated on the study
provided by (Isla, 1990) that the situation is reversed today. We have to admit
that women today have gained greater self - awareness. We are witnessing the
so - called “woman power". More and more women are taking part in politics, in
socio - cultural activities, and in economic affairs. Many excel in professions
generally identified with men such as medicine, engineering, law, arts and other
sciences. Women now have more chances in managerial positions.
Majority of women in the Filipino family are poor because most of the rural
families do not meet their basic needs, Based on the study conducted by
Thompson(1980), even on the urban setting most of the families don’t have a
proper source of income and because of this, women really push themselves to
participate on the income generating programs of the government not just to
develop their own skills but also to provide what their family needs as another
part of their role to their family.
Foreign Studies
Women tend to face more challenges than men in assessing and
benefiting from markets becausethey may have difficulty maintaining control as
livestock become more economically attractive to men as stated on the study of
Kristjanson, et al., (2010). The study discusses some problems that women face
in the market and also making a development plan because of the gender
equality. Sometimes men benefit more in some programs that lead to bias and
favoring men than women.
Women are creative and resourceful as urban citizens and seek to change
the physical, social, and political landscape in which they are embedded. They
take advantage of the opportunities for economic and household autonomy and
the ability to merge their productive and reproductive roles by providing food for
the family from their farms, as stated on a case study conducted by Johnson,
(2014). This study actually shows the psychological benefits of letting the women
to participate on the economic development of their community by means of
developing livelihood programs that are specially designed for them.
According to the study of Haneef et al., (2014), “A person’s empowerment
will be affected by both internal and external factors. Internal factors are largely
related to women’s ability to exercise agency. Agency can be defined as
“Women’s ability to make decisions and affect outcomes of importance to
themselves and their families or women’s control over their lives and other
resources.” The empowerment of women lies on their independent income and
livelihood stability. The study discusses how financial stability effect on women
empowerment. The result of the study complies with the empowerment of women
in the sense of involving them in the activities and programs about livelihood
resulting of gaining respect to their husbands and other individuals.

Poverty is a gender issues, afflicting women more than it does men. This
situation will remain unchanged unless the livelihood projects benefit the
vulnerable and the needy sectors of society, majority of which are women.
Women are in need of opportunities to raise their own livelihood, which helps
contribute towards their empowerment and reduction of poverty in their
households. Because of psychological aspect of poverty, women are more
affected of it. According to the study of Getubig, Gibbons, and Remenyi (2000).
This study provides a better understanding that the government should provide a
massive focus on income generating programs such as livelihood programs that
encourages and helps women to lessen their stress because of their situations.
Synthesis
Based on the related literatures and studies, this study is also the same on
the other stated literatures and studies in terms of the issues of poverty, and the
role of women in the society. This study is also serves as an encouragement to
empower more women to participate on the development of their community and
to emphasize their role to society as what the other study expresses. And lastly,
this study will also provide the issues encountered by its participants to help the
local government units on how to improve the program
On the other hand, this study will differ on the extracted related literatures
and studies because this study will provide an updated study about livelihood
programs that are specially designed for women in terms of techniques on how to
improve the programs, and its benefits to its beneficiaries, as well as the issues,
not just psychologically, but also in the sense of financial aspect experienced by
its beneficiaries and the steps needed by the LGUs to improve the program. This
study is also different from other form of study for this is conducted on one of the
highly-urbanized city on the country wherein modernization and industrialization
occurs. That office works and great level of competition on other is at large. In
terms of resources, this study is also different because of the usage of limited
resources that can only be used to conduct the program.

Chapter 3
Methodology
Research Design
The study is conducted in order to assess the livelihood programs for
women initiated by the City government of Valenzuela. To be able to gather the
necessary data, the researchers will utilize the descriptive research design, using
quantitative approaches. The term descriptive research refers to the type of
research question, design, and data analysis that will be applied to a given topic.
(The Association for Educational Communications and Technology, 2001)
According to Rhodes (2014), Quantitative approach is the gathering of
information focusing on describing a phenomenon across a larger number of
participants thereby providing the possibility of summarizing characteristics
across groups or relationships. This approach surveys a large number of
individuals and applies statistical techniques to recognize overall patterns in the
relations of processes. Importantly, the use of surveys can be done across
groups.
Research Locale
The local government of Valenzuela is the research locale of the study.
The target populations are the women beneficiaries of Livelihood Programs in

Valenzuela City Social Welfare and Development Office and Livelihood Office.
The research only covers the 13 out of 33 barangays in Valenzuela City as
provided by the CSWDO and Livelihood Office, in particular barangay
Bagbaguin, Bignay, Canumay East, Coloong, Gen T. de Leon, Karuhatan,
Malanday, Malinta, Marulas, Maysan, Punturin, Ugong, and VeinteReales.
Samples and sampling techniques used
The researchers utilized only 64 respondents as provided by the CSWDO
and Livelihood Office list of beneficiaries as the sample of the survey that the
researchers will investigate. In order to be able to adequately assess the
influence of the livelihood project in the participants livelihoods, a minimum
involvement that they are a member of the livelihood projects and those who
attending the seminars and workshops was chosen to be the second criterion.
The study relies on purposive sampling, also referred to as judgmental
sampling. According to Babbie (2008), purposive sampling is considered a non-
probability sampling method where the study’s respondents are selected based
on the researcher’s perception of whom he or she deems to be most capable in
answering the research question. This sampling method is primarily used for
intensive case studied, which investigate a special population and for pilot
studied, before conducting larger studies (Bernard 2006).
Instrumentation
The study has utilized a survey questionnaire that was made by the
researchers and validated by the Research Adviser.

Survey Questionnaire
A survey questionnaire as defined by Key (1997) is a means of eliciting
the feelings, beliefs, experiences, perceptions, or attitudes of some sample of
individuals. As a data collecting instrument, it could be structured or unstructured.
The questionnaire is most frequently a very concise, preplanned set of
questions designed to yield specific information to meet a particular need for
research information about a pertinent topic. The research information is attained
from respondents normally from a related interest area. The dictionary definition
gives a clearer definition: A questionnaire is a written or printed form used in
gathering information on some subject or subjects consisting of a list of questions
to be submitted to one or more persons.
The survey questionnaires were responsive to the problems stated at the
beginning of the study for it was the basis in its construction.
The first part of the questionnaire consists of the demographic profile of
the respondents; age, civil status, Educational Attainment and Length/Year of
Residency. The second part is consisting skills of the respondents; Managerial
Skills, Interpersonal Skills and Personality Development Skills. The third part
consists of how the Recipients assess the livelihood programs in terms of Skills
and development, Logistics, Financial Assistance and the Implementation that is
divided into Process and Program.

The survey questionnaires are distributed to the beneficiaries of the
livelihood programs provided by the CSWDO and Livelihood Office in Valenzuela
City.
The study utilized researcher-made questionnaire consisting of three
parts;
Part I: The Demographic profile of the respondents which includes:
The age, civil status, educational attainment, and the length/year of
residency of the respondents in assessing the livelihood programs of women.
Part II: Skills of the Respondents includes
Managerial Skills, Interpersonal Skills and the Personality Development
Skills, the skills that the respondent needs to improve.
Part III: Assessment of Respondents on the Livelihood Program includes:
Development of Skills, Logistics, Financial Assistance, and
Implementation; Process and Program
The researchers assured the confidentiality of their survey sheets since
the identities are not important. The researchers also understood that people
consciousness may also affect their honestly and effectiveness in answering the
survey, and so we will give people the option of being anonymous. In the survey,
participants are given a certain time to respond and then collected the survey
forms right after they answered it. The participants can answer the questions
given by the researcher, their answer considered as their own opinion, thoughts,
ideas, experienced, and their feelings. There were no incentives offered for
participating in the study.
Data Gathering Procedure
A. Requesting of letter of permission from the Dean of College Business
Administration, Accountancy, and Public Administration to gather
information/data about livelihood programs for women addressed to
CSWDO and Livelihood Office with a corresponding receiving letter.
B. Gathering of information/data from the CSWDO and the Livelihood
Office after the approval of the letter.
C. Making a survey questionnaire that is validated by the researcher’s
thesis adviser. Conducting a survey by selecting and approaching the
participants.
D. Conducting surveys to the identified respondents in Valenzuela City
since this study used the purposive sampling wherein the required
respondents in this study are only women, done by the researchers.
The respondents shall assess the given questionnaire through the use
of Likert Scale (4 – Strongly Agree, 3 – Agree, 2 – Disagree, 1 –
Strongly Disagree).
E. Tabulating and analyzing result through the use of the identified
statistical tools includes the percentage and weighted mean and
followed by its interpretation.
F. Interpreting and analyzing of data.

Statistical Treatment of Data
The statistical treatment of data in this study composes of formula that
have interpreted the gathered data. The following statistical techniques were use;
The percentage formula has been utilized to describe the demographic
profile, the skills, and the assessment of the respondents to the programs and its
implementation. The percentage will be computed as:
𝑓
𝑃= 𝑥 100%
𝑁
Where:
P = Percentage
F = Frequency
N = Total no. respondents
The weighted mean (WM) is the sum of the product of the frequency and
the unit weight (fw) is divided by the number of respondents. The average
weighted mean (x) is the sum of the weighted mean (∑fx) (WM) Divided by the
number of items (N). This measures the central tendency or the point where most
of the scores cluster. (Baac2008).
The formula of weighted mean:

∑𝑓𝑥
𝑊𝑀 =
𝑁
Where:
WM = Weighted Mean
f = Frequency
x = Observed Data
N = No. of Respondents
A Likert Scale is used to describe the relationship of the respondents’
answers regarding their assessment of the mandatory programs and services.
The scale is shown below:
Table.1: Scale interpretation
Remarks Range Verbal Interpretation

4 3.26 – 4.00 Strongly Agree
3 2.51 – 3.25 Agree
2 1.76 – 2.50 Disagree
1 1.00 – 1.75 Strongly Disagree
Formula:
This shows the formula that is used to identify the range of the scale.
𝐻𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑆𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑒 − 𝐿𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑆𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑒

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟
Where:
4.00 − 1.00
𝑊=
4
W= 0.75
In order to measure the perceived satisfaction of beneficiaries, the researchers
will use 4-points scale ranging from “Strongly Agree” on one end to “Strongly
Disagree”
Chapter 4
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter presents the data being gathered by the researchers and its
findings. The results of the study are presented in tabulation and were interpreted
by the researchers.
Problem 1: What is the demographic profile of the respondents on the
Financial Assistance and Logistics Services?
Table 1
AGE OF THE RESPONDENTS
TYPE OF BENEFICIARIES
FINANCIAL
AGE LOGISTICS
ASSISTANCE
Ƒ % Ƒ %
30 – 39 YEARS 8 24.2 4 12.9
40 – 49 YEARS 9 27.3 0 0
50 – 59 YEARS 11 33.3 0 0
60 – 69 YEARS 5 12.1 17 54.83
70 – 80 YEARS 0 0 10 32.25
TOTAL 33 100 31 100
The table 1 shows the age of the women beneficiaries who avail the
services between the Financial Assistance from the CSWDO and those who avail
the trainings and seminars from the Livelihood Office. The table shows that 24%
or 8 of the respondents aged 30 ─ 39 years old, 27% or 9 of the respondents

aged 40 ─ 49 years old, 33% or 11 of the respondents aged 50 ─ 59 years old
and 12% or 5 of the respondents aged 70 ─ 80 years old are the women
beneficiaries of the City social welfare development assistance and 12% or 4
aged 30 ─ 39 years old, 54% or 17 aged 60 ─ 69 years old, and 32% or 10 aged
70 ─ 80 years old are the women beneficiaries of Livelihood Office.
The data show that between aged 50 ─ 59 years old which is 33% or 11
has the majority beneficiaries of the financial assistance of the CSWDO, while
the aged 60 ─ 69 years which is 12% or 5 of the respondents is the lowest and
between aged 60 ─ 69 years old which is 54% or 17 has the majority
beneficiaries of the trainings and seminars conducted by the Livelihood Office,
while aged 30 ─ 39 years old which is 12% or 4 is the lowest number of
respondents.
Table 2
Civil Status of the Respondents
FINANCIAL
CIVIL STATUS LOGISTICS
ASSISTANCE
Ƒ % Ƒ %
SINGLE 7 21.2 1 3.22
MARRIED 17 51.5 23 74.19
WIDOWED 9 27.3 7 22.58
TOTAL 33 100 31 100
Based on the data gathered by the researchers 21% or 7 of the women
beneficiaries are single, 51% or 17 are married, and 27% or 9 are widowed in the
financial Assistance. In Logistics, 3% or 1 of the women beneficiaries is single,
74% or 23 are married and 22% or 7 are widowed.
These findings indicate that married women are more involved in the
livelihood program that CSWDO conducted and they try to change their lifestyle
and social economic condition by using the loan given by the CSWDO, while in
logistics, married women also are more involved in the livelihood program that
livelihood office conducted and it indicates that those married women make those
trainings and workshop as a new experience for them to start a livelihood
program.
Table 3
Educational Attainment of the Respondents
FINANCIAL
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT LOGISTICS
ASSISTANCE
Ƒ % ƒ %
PRIMARY 1 3.03 7 22.58
SECONDARY 31 93.93 12 38.7
TERTIARY 1 3.03 12 38.7
TOTAL 33 100 31 100
Table 3 presents the Educational Attainment of the respondents. Based
on Educational Scores, three different categories were used to define
educational level of the women beneficiaries namely: Primary level that has 3%
or 1 of the respondents has reached, 93% or 31 on the secondary and 3% or 1 of
the respondents reached the tertiary level in financial assistance, while in

logistics, 23% or 7 are on the primary level, 39% or 12 of the women
beneficiaries are on the secondary and tertiary level.
As a result of the study, majority of the women beneficiaries have reached
the secondary level both in the financial assistance and logistics respondents. It
indicates that even though they’ve only reached the second level of education,
they still perform different income activities like attending seminars and
workshops in the livelihood office and are members of financial assistance of the
CSWDO.
Table 4
Length of Residency of the Respondents
FINANCIAL
LENGTH OF RESIDENCY LOGISTICS
ASSISTANCE
Ƒ % ƒ %
10 – 20 YEARS 24 72.72 5 16.12
21 – 30 YEARS 7 21.21 4 12.9
31 – 40 YEARS 2 6.06 11 35.48
41 – 50 YEARS 0 0 0 0
51 – 60 YEARS 0 0 3 9.67
61 – 70 YEARS 0 0 5 16.12
71 – 80 YEARS 0 0 3 9.67
TOTAL 33 100 31 100
Table 4 presents the length of residency of the respondents and has its
length bracket of 10years with a total no. of respondent for FINANCIAL
ASSISTANCE of 33 and LOGISTICS of 31 respondents each.
As what can be deduced from the study, the highest length of residency
bracket for FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE is 10 – 20 years with 24 out of 33

respondents with a percentage of 72.72, and in LOGISTIC the highest length of
residency bracket is 31 – 40 years with 11 out of 31 respondents with a
percentage of 35.48.
Problem 2: How do the respondents rate their development of skills?
Table 5
Development of Managerial Skills of Women Beneficiaries
Financial
Statement Logistics
Assistance
WM VI WM VI
The program does not affect my time with my
1. 3.73 SA 3.70 SA
family
I maintain the orderliness of the tools I use
2. because of the things that the program taught 3.61 SA - -
to me
When it comes to financial aspect, I did not
3. 3.24 A - -
experience deficit or it does not compromise.
Every member of my family has a
4. 3.18 A - -
responsibility to my livelihood.
Total 3.44 SA 3.70 SA
SA – STRONGLY AGREE A – AGREE D – DISAGREE SD – STRONGLY DISAGREE
Table 5 represents the development of managerial skills of the women
beneficiaries. Almost three of verbal interpretation for the financial assistance
“Agree”, in terms of “I maintain the orderliness of the tools I use because of the
things that the program taught to me” that has a weighted mean of 3.61, 3.24
weighted mean in terms of “When it comes to financial aspect, I did not
experience deficit or it does not compromise”, 3.18 weighted mean in terms of
“Every member of my family has a responsibility to my livelihood” and there are
only one “Strongly Agree” in terms of “The program does not affect my time with
my family” which has 3.73 weighted mean. While in logistics, the researchers
only chose the statement number one to be answered by the respondents
because the statements two to four are not related to the specific livelihood
program that livelihood office conducted. Statement number one got 3.70
weighted mean in terms of “The program does not affect my time with my family”
which has a verbal interpretation of “Strongly Agree”.
Based on the findings gathered by the researchers, both financial
assistance and logistics are the highest weighted mean in terms of “The program
does not affect my time with my family”.It means that raising up a business for
the sake of their family does not interfere the activities of other people in the
society.
The results of the study support the findings of Luna (1995). This finding
indicates that women find additional fulfillment in earning additional income to
help their partners in bringing up their children. This is an additional role of
women as homemakers. They help in augmenting the family’s income as part of
partner sharing to realize family goals. In the study conducted by the researchers
and the study of Luna, it is proven that woman power can help in the
development of the economy of a particular country or maybe a local
government, and as an additional, not only the other or the country itself that the
women will help, but most especially their own family income.
Table 6
Development of Interpersonal Skills of Women Beneficiaries
Financial
Statement Logistics
Assistance
WM VI WM VI
The program does not bring bad to other
1. 3.79 SA - -
people.
I build a good relationship to other people
2. 3.48 SA - -
because of my livelihood.
I helped to develop my community because of
3. 3.39 SA 3.61 SA
my livelihood and what program taught to me.
I could easily get find a partner in my livelihood
4. 3.45 SA 3.33 SA
because of what the program taught me.
The data indicated that out all four statements under the financial
assistance got a verbal interpretation of “Strongly Agree”. 3.79 weighted mean in
terms of “The program does not bring bad to other people”, 3.48 weighted mean
in terms of “I build a good relationship to other people because of my livelihood”,
and 3.45 weighted mean in terms of “I could easily get find a partner in my
livelihood because of what the program taught me” and 3.39 weighted mean for
“I helped to develop my community because of my livelihood and what program
taught to me”, which has a verbal interpretation of “Agree”. In logistics, there are
only two statements that the researchers prepared. Statement number three,
which is “I helped to develop my community because of my livelihood and the
program taught me.” has a weighted mean of 3.61 and a verbal interpretation of
“Strongly Agree” and statement number four which is I helped to develop my

community because of my livelihood and what program taught to me” has a
weighted mean of 3.33 and a verbal interpretation of “Strongly Agree”.
The study concluded that the program had a positive effect on the
women’s beneficiaries of livelihood program because of weighted mean of 3.53
and a verbal interpretation of “Strongly Agree” for financial Assistance” and 3.47
weighted mean and “Strongly Agree” for Logistics.
Previous studies showed by McQuire (2003) tells that women excel in
interpersonal skills (right brain), not in intellectual skills (left brain). Our study
demonstrates that women are considered better performers in both right- and
left-brain skill areas."
Generally, women delegate work more readily and express their
appreciation for hard work more often. "Women ask questions, men tend to give
answers," says author, consultant and career coach Terri Levine. By
communicating company goals more readily and expressing appreciation more
often, women tend to be better at making staffers feel valued and rewarded. That
translates into cost-effective recruiting and being able to operate with stable,
loyal employees—or, as Christian puts it, the best talent.

Table 7
Personality Development Skills of Women Beneficiaries
Financial
Statement Logistics
Assistance
WM VI WM VI
1. It enhances my awareness. 3.55 SA 3.64 SA
The program helps me to gain more
2. 3.55 SA 3.67 SA
knowledge.
3. The program helps me to develop my skills. 3.58 SA 3.64 SA
The program helps to enhance the lifestyle of
4. 3.67 SA 3.55 SA
my family
Table 7 shows that the personality development skills of women
beneficiaries on financial assistance all have a verbal interpretation of “Strongly
Agree”. 3.55 weighted mean in terms of “It enhances my awareness”., 3.55 in
terms of “The program helps me to gain more knowledge”, 3.58 in terms of “The
program helps me to develop my skills” and 3.67 for the “The program helps to
enhance the lifestyle of my family”. While in the logistics, same as on the
financial assistance, received a verbal interpretation of “Strongly Agree”. 3.64
weighted mean in terms of “It enhances my awareness”, 3.67 in terms of “The
program helps me to gain more knowledge”, 3.64 in terms of “The program helps
me to develop my skills”, and 3.55 for “The program helps to enhance the
lifestyle of my family”.
The study concludes that the program had a positive effect on the women
beneficiaries of livelihood program because of weighted mean of 3.58 and a

verbal interpretation of “Strongly Agree” for Financial Assistance” and 3.62
weighted mean and “Strongly Agree” for Logistics. Results indicate that women
beneficiaries improved significantly on all aspects of personality development
skills
The results of the study support the findings of Regional Fishery
Livelihood Program (RFLP) (2006). This finding indicates that engaging women
in livelihoods allowing them to exchange their time and labor for money.
Women’s economic benefit could be achieved even without Gender and
Development (GAD) framework to start with. Generally, every woman has a big
role in the participation of livelihood program aside from gaining profit. These
kinds of opportunities improve and enhance their skills even with or without a
help of Gender and Development Framework. As a matter of fact, it also help the
women to stand on their own and boost their confidence.
Problem 3: How do the Recipients assess the livelihood programs?
Table 8
Assessment of Respondents on Financial Assistance to Women’s
Livelihood Program
STATEMENT WM VI
1. The benefits of program are enough for me. 3.18 A
2. The capital given by the program is enough and does not
3.00 A
deficit.
3. The financial assistance needed can be easily get by the
3.09 A
program.
4.
The financial benefits are suited to my chosen livelihood. 3.52 SA
TOTAL 3.20 A
Table 8 shows that the respondents “Agree” in terms of “The benefits of
program is enough for me”, with the weighted mean of 3. 18, 3.00 are those who
have a verbal interpretation of “Agree” in terms of “The capital given by the
program is enough and does not deficit.”, 3.09 with the verbal interpretation of
“Agree” in terms of “The financial assistance needed can be easily get by the
program”, and 3.52 with the verbal interpretation of “Strongly Agree” is on the
“The financial benefits are suited to my chosen livelihood”.
The common source of income of women beneficiaries are the loans that
came from the city social welfare development office, which is the financial
assistance. The table shows the satisfaction rate of the beneficiaries on the
financial assistance. It shows that the respondent’s satisfaction rate on the
statements that are given by the researchers has a majority result of “Agree” and
the total satisfaction is 3.20. The findings indicate that women who avail the loan
from CSWDO are satisfied to the loan that the CSWDO gave to them.
The results of the study is better than the results of the study of Sheheli
(2012) that the main reason identified by rural women for problems in loan
repayment is lack of income and the primary cause of problems to repay loans.
74% of the rural women faced medium constraints to participate in Income-
Generating Activities and the major causes are: insufficient money, lack of
appropriate IGAs, small homestead land, inadequate training facilities, high price
of inputs, lack of marketing channels, poor transport facilities, and less
cooperation from the family.
Table 9
Assessment of Respondents on Logistics to Women’s Livelihood Program
STATEMENT WM VI
Program provides a proper equipment to start the
1. 3.45 SA
livelihood.
2. The equipment is affordable and easy to maintain 3.76 SA
3. The equipment is durable in business 3.58 SA
The proper usage of the equipment has been elaborated
4. 3.67 SA
properly.
TOTAL 3.61 SA
Table 9 shows that the respondents “Strongly Agree” in terms of “Program
provides a proper equipment to start the livelihood”, with the weighted mean of 3.
45, 3.76 are those who “Strongly Agree” in terms of “The equipment is affordable
and easy to maintain”, 3.58 with the verbal interpretation of “Strongly Agree” is
the “The equipment is durable in business”, and 3.67 with the verbal
interpretation of “Strongly Agree” is on the “The proper usage of the equipment
has been elaborated properly”.
The equipment that is used in a particular seminar and workshop when
conducting a Livelihood Program are the common logistics of this study. The
table shows the satisfaction rate of the beneficiaries on the logistics. It shows that
the respondent’s satisfaction rate on the statements given by the researcher
majority “Strongly Agree” and the total satisfaction is 3.61. The findings indicate
that women who attended the seminars and workshopsconducted by the
livelihood office under the supervision of the city local government of Valenzuela
are satisfied to the training and also the equipment are durable and user friendly
for the respondents.
A similar finding was disclosed in Oliva’s (1995) study when she found
that manufacturing is a kind of business activity that requires a big investment on
equipment and raw materials. Processing reflected the lowest release since very
few beneficiaries were engaged in this type of livelihood project requiring only
small amount of capital.
Table 10
Implementation of Livelihood Programs in terms of the Program itself
Financial
Statement Logistics
Assistance
WM VI WM VI
The Program conducted by the City
1. 3.55 SA 3.61 SA
Government is suited to the community.
The Rules and the Regulations of the program
2. 3.58 SA 3.58 SA
are easy to understand and to follow.
The chosen program is easy to develop and
3. 3.48 SA 3.64 SA
maintain.
The plan of the program is easy to develop
4. 3.45 SA 3.73 SA
and accomplish.
Table 10 reflects that the respondents evaluate the livelihood program as
3.52 weighted mean and has a verbal interpretation of “Strongly Agree” for
Financial Assistance and 3.64 weighted mean which has a verbal interpretation
of “Strongly Agree” for Logistics. The table presents that 3.55 in terms of “The
Program conducted by the City Government is suited to the community”., 3.58 in
terms of The Rules and the Regulations of the program are easy to understand
and to follow”, 3.48 in terms of “The chosen program is easy to develop and
maintain” and 3.45 for the “The plan of the program is easy to develop and
accomplish”. While in the logistics, same as on the financial assistance, that has
a verbal interpretation of “Strongly Agree”. 3.61weighted mean in terms of “The
Program conducted by the City Government is suited to the community., 3.58 in
terms of “The Rules and the Regulations of the program are easy to understand
and to follow0”, 3.64 in terms of “The chosen program is easy to develop and
maintain”, and 3.73 for “The plan of the program is easy to develop and
accomplish”.
The Findings gleaned that Financial Assistance and Logistics has the
same in Verbal Interpretation, which has 3.52 weighted mean for FA and 3.64
weighted mean for Logistics. It presents that having a verbal interpretation of
“Strongly Agree” is considered and that conducting a livelihood program is an
effective way to maintain this kind of projects/programs to a particular place.
The results of the study also support the findings of Ballesteros (2016) that
this finding indicates that Employment – directed trainings showed positive
results with the participation mainly of the youth and with higher probability of
employment for those trained since these trainings were linked to specific jobs.
The chances of gainful and sustainable employment are better. Given its longer-
term impact, employment directed trainings should be given more attention.
Table 11
Implementation of Livelihood Programs in terms of Process
Financial
Statement Logistics
Assistance
WM VI WM VI
The selection of beneficiaries of the
1. 3.45 SA 3.61 SA
beneficiaries is systematic.
The documents needed on the program is
2. 3.24 A 3.58 SA
easy to access and passed.
3. The steps of the program are easy to follow. 3.45 SA 3.70 SA
The manner of selection of the beneficiaries
4. 3.52 SA 3.70 SA
are simple and effective.
Table 11 shows that the respondents evaluate the livelihood program in
terms of process. The table presents that 3.45 in terms of “The selection of
beneficiaries of the beneficiaries is systematic”., 3.24 in terms of “The documents
needed on the program is easy to access and passed”, 3.45 in terms of “The
steps of the program is easy to follow” and 3.52 for the “The manner of selection
of the beneficiaries are simple and effective”. While in the logistics, 3.61 weighted
mean in terms of “The selection of beneficiaries of the beneficiaries is
systematic”, 3.58 in terms of “The documents needed on the program is easy to
access and passed”, 3.70 in terms of “The steps of the program are easy to
follow”, and 3.70 for “The manner of selection of the beneficiaries are simple and
effective”.
Out of four statements, one stated “Agree” while the rest stated “Strongly
Agree” for which indicate that the financial assistance when it comes to process
is effective with a total weighted mean of 3.43. While in logistics, the table shows
that out of 4 statements the respondents assess the process of programs in
logistics is “Strongly Agree”.
The results of the study support the findings of Suyao (1994). This finding
indicates that Livelihood activities cushion the impact of poverty by responding to
immediate needs of the people while helping facilitate the implementation of
conservation measures to attain a higher level of productivity. To meet the basic
needs, livelihood activities should address the twin efforts of development work,
improving the tools of production and creating alternative power structure like
people organizations and people councils. These will pour out the way for more
participation by the people and will ensure that the benefits of production accrue
to the rightful beneficiaries.

Table 12
Overall satisfaction of women beneficiaries on the livelihood programs and
the development of skills of the respondents
Financial
Development of Skills and livelihood Programs Logistics
Assistance
GWM VI GWM VI
1. MANAGERIAL 3.44 SA 3.7 SA
2. INTERPERSONAL 3.53 SA 3.47 SA
3. PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT 3.58 SA 3.62 SA
4. FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE 3.2 A - -
5. LOGISTICS - - 3.61 SA
6. PROGRAMS 3.52 SA 3.64 SA
7. PROCESS 3.42 SA 3.64 SA
Chapter 5
Summary of Findings, Conclusions, and Recommendations
Summary of findings
The City Government of Valenzuela improves the life of its citizen by
providing job opportunities, seminars and workshops. One of the programs
implemented by the City is the Livelihood Programs that caters to women who
are less fortunate and want to change their lives. The focus of this study is to
assess the programs for livelihood that has been offered for the respondents.
The respondents assess the programs through survey questionnaire; with a
Four-Likert Scale used to describe the relationship of the respondents’ answers
regarding their assessment of the mandatory programs and services. The total
respondent of the research is 33 for financial assistance and 31 respondents for
the logistics with a total number of 64 respondents. The questionnaire is divided
into two parts in which the first one is for financial assistance and the other one is
for logistics. The reason for this is that there are two types of livelihood program
that has been provided by the City Government of Valenzuela. The financial
assistance program provided by the City Social Welfare Development Office and
the logistics assistance program provided by the Livelihood Office of Valenzuela.
This study was undertaken to primarily assess the Livelihood Programs for
Women provided by the City Government of Valenzuela.

Summary of findings
1. Demographic Profile
1.1 Age of the Respondents. Majority of the respondents in Financial
Assistance program of CSWDO ages from 50 – 59 years old while on
the Logistics program of Livelihood Office ages 60 – 69 years old.
1.2 Civil Status of the Respondents. Most of the Respondents in
financial assistance and logistics are married.
1.3 Educational Attainment. Majority of the respondents in financial
assistance have reached the secondary level of education. While in
logistics, majority of the respondents attained the secondary and
tertiary level of education.
1.4 Length of Residency. Most of the respondents in financial assistance
reside in Valenzuela City for more than 10 years but less than 20
years. While in logistics, most respondents reside for more than 31
years but less than 40 years.
2. Development of Skills
2.1 Managerial Skills.Based on the overall statistical representation of
data, most of the respondents on both Livelihood Programs initiated by
the City Government of Valenzuela Strongly Agree that the programs
were effective in developing their Managerial Skills
2.2 Interpersonal Skills.Based on the overall statistical representation of
data, most of the respondents on both Livelihood Programs initiated by

the City Government of Valenzuela Strongly Agree that the programs
were effective in developing their Interpersonal Skills
2.3 Personality Development Skills.Based on the overall statistical
representation of data, most of the respondents on both Livelihood
Programs initiated by the City Government of Valenzuela Strongly
Agree that the programs were effective in developing their Personality
Development Skills
3. Assessment on the implementation of the Livelihood Programs
3.1 Financial Assistance.Based on the overall statistical representation of
data, most of the respondents, Agree that the Financial Assistance
Program conducted by CSWDO is sufficient in organizing the program.
3.2 Logistics.Based on the overall statistical representation of data, most
of the respondents, Strongly Agreed that the Logistics Program
conducted by The Livelihood Office is sufficient in organizing the
program.
3.3 Program. Based on the overall statistical representation of data, most
of the beneficiaries on both Livelihood Programs initiated by the City
Government of Valenzuela Strongly Agree that program is effective in
organizing the program itself.
3.4 Process Based on the overall statistical representation of data, most
of the beneficiaries on both Livelihood Programs initiated by the City
Government of Valenzuela is Strongly Agree that process is effective
in organizing the program itself.

Conclusion
1. Demographic Profile. Most of the recipients of the livelihood
programs initiated by the City Government of Valenzuela are elderly
ages 50 – 69 years’ old and most of them are married. On the
educational attainment of the recipients, most of them attained the
secondary and tertiary level of education and majority of them reside in
the city for 10 – 40 years.
2. Development of Skills. Majority of the respondents strongly agree
that because of the program, their skills have significantly developed in
terms of their managerial, interpersonal and personality development.
3. Assessment on the Livelihood Programs. Majority of the
respondents strongly agree that the implementation of the program in
terms of the program itself and the process of it is effective and suited
in organizing the program.
Recommendations
Based on the statistical representation of data, the Livelihood Programs
for Women Initiated by the City Government of Valenzuela is effective. But, on
the other hand, based on the researchers experience during the data gathering
procedures, these are the following pointers that could be recommend for this
study:
1. Sustain the implementation of the Livelihood Programs for Women.

2. The scope of the Livelihood Programs that are specially designed for
women should be broadened.
3. Expand the information dissemination in order for the other barangays to
be knowledgeable about the livelihood programs.

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PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA

Poblacion II, Malinta, Valenzuela City

AN ASSESSMENT OF WOMEN’S LIVELIHOOD PROGRAMS INITIATED BY

John Enrico A.Abiad

This study presents assessment of the women’s livelihood program in

development of skills of the beneficiaries in terms of Managerial, Interpersonal

assistance, logistics and the implementation of the livelihood Programs in terms

suited in organizing the program.

Mr. JAMESON H. TAN

THESIS REVIEW PANEL

MICHVILLE RIVERA, MGM HELEN BAGUNA, MPA

Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the

DR. LEONITA C. TRAMPE

Date of Final Defense: March 18, 2017

With deepest gratitude and appreciation, we humbly give thanks to the

guidance and wisdom throughout the process.

for motivating me to study harder to have a better future.

to build our foundation on our first three chapters.

in life, most of all our entire goal to finish our research.

there for us no matter what.

Approval Sheet .............................................................................................................. ii

Acknowledgement ........................................................................................................ iii

Table of Contents ......................................................................................................... iv

List of Tables ............................................................................................................... vii

List of Figures............................................................................................................. viii

Chapter 1: Problem and its Background .......................................................................

Conceptual Framework .............................................................................................4-6

Statement of the Problem ............................................................................................ 6

Significance of the Study...........................................................................................7-9

Scope and Limitation...............................................................................................9-10

Definition of Terms ..................................................................................................... 10

Chapter 2: Review of Related Literatures and Studies ............................................. 11

Local Literature .......................................................................................................... 11

Local Studies ........................................................................................................13-15

Foreign Studies .....................................................................................................15-17

Synthesis of Related Literatures and Studies ........................................................17-18

Research Design ........................................................................................................ 19

Samples and Sampling Techniques used ................................................................... 20

Data Gathering Process ............................................................................................. 23

Statistical Treatment of Data..................................................................................24-26

Chapter 4: Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation of Data ................................. 27

Demographic Profile of the Respondents...............................................................27-30

Development of Skills of the Respondents.............................................................31-36

Assessment of the Beneficiaries on the Livelihood Program ..................................36-43

Chapter 5: Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation of Data ................................. 44

Summary of the Findings .......................................................................................44-45

Letter for the Livelihood Office

Application for Designating a Thesis Grammarian

Survey Questionnaire for Financial Assistance

Survey Questionnaire for Logistics

Tallied results for Financial Assistance

Tallied results for Logistics

Endorsement Letter for Final Oral Defense

Table 1: 4 Point Likert Scale Interpretation ...................................................................

Table 1: Age of the Respondents ...................................................................................

Table 2: Civil Status of the Respondents ......................................................................

Table 3: Educational Attainment of the Respondents ..................................................

Table 4: Length of Residency of the Respondents .......................................................

Table 5: Development of Managerial Skills of Women Beneficiaries ...........................

Table 6: Development of Interpersonal Skills of Women Beneficiaries .......................

Table 7: Personality Development Skills of Women Beneficiaries .............................

Table 8: Assessment of Respondents on Financial Assistance on

Women’s Livelihood Program ..........................................................................

Table 9: Assessment of Respondents on Logistics Program on Women’s