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Contents
Buckling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-23
Casing Buckling in Oil Field Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-24
Datums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15
Project Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15
System Datum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15
Elevation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15
Well Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-15
Depth Reference Datum(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-16
Design Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-19
General Tab (Design Properties Dialog Box). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-19
Depth Reference Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-20
Workflow—How to Set Up Datums for a Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-20
Changing the Datum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-22
How This Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-22
Selecting the Design Burst Loads and the External Pressure Profile . . . . . . . . . . . 6-16
Defining the External Pressure Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-16
Defining Burst Load Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-17
Using the Multiple tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-17
Viewing the Associated External Pressure Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-19
Specify Burst Load Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-20
View Burst Load Pressure Plots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-22
Burst Design Load Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-23
The StressCheck software can be used to design casing strings that meet
or exceed all relevant design criteria from top to bottom. The
StressCheck software can yield significant savings in total casing costs
by providing a variety of automated formulations for specifying realistic
burst, collapse, and axial loads, rather than traditional worst-case
maximum load profiles, and by optimizing the number and length of
casing string sections. In some cases, as much as 40% can be saved in
comparison to casing designs developed by conventional methods. With
the Custom Loads feature, the StressCheck software also provides an
easy-to-use spreadsheet facility for specifying, in exact detail,
user-defined internal pressure, external pressure, and temperature
profiles when more unique load-case formulations are required.
• Permeable zones
• Overpull limits
• Allowable wear
• Pressure testing
Course Objectives
During this course you should become familiar with:
Licensing
For information regarding Licensing, please refer to the Help >
Engineer’s Desktop Drilling Summary Level Release Notes >
Licensing.
• Influence corrosion
Temperature Deration
A default schedule is provided in the StressCheck software that is based
on a linear deration of 0.03% per degree °F.
68 20 1.00
122 50 0.983
Drilling Temperatures
For drilling load cases such as a gas kick or lost returns with mud drop,
the profile used to correct the design load line is based on the calculated
API circulating temperature and a straight line drawn through the
midpoint of the user-entered undisturbed temperature profile.
Drilling
Undisturbed Temperature
Temperature Profile
Profile
Mid-point of
Undisturbed
Profile
Depth
API
Circulating
Temperature
Temperature
Production Temperatures
For production load cases such as a tubing leak, the profile used to
correct the design load line is based on maximum undisturbed reservoir
temperature at the perforation depth from TD to the surface.
Production
Temperature
Profile
Undisturbed
Temperature
Depth
Profile
Temperature
Initial Conditions
The temperature used in the StressCheck software does not necessarily
lead to more conservative design. This data is used to define load cases,
determine the initial state of the casing, and dictate design and
analysis logic.
Surface
Ambient
dT
UNCONSERVATIVE
SCK
StressCheck
Actual
TOC
Depth
Actual
StressCheck
SCK
Temperature
Surface
After WOC
Ambient
WellCat
StressCheck
TOC
Depth
WellCat
StressCheck
Temperature
Stress
• The symbol for stress is: σ
• Stress is defined as: Load / Cross-sectional area
• You can compare stress with: Pressure = Force/Area
Strain
• The symbol for strain is: ε
or
• You can define True Strain as: Ln (Final Length / Initial Length).
True strain accounts for the material volume.
For any material, E is a constant which relates stress and strain as long
as they are proportional. (that is, a straight line graph).
E = σ⁄ε
Pipe Ratings
Axial, Burst, and Collapse loads are factors that directly affect the
performance ratings for the selected pipe or connection. Other factors
that affect pipe ratings include reduced wall thickness and tension due
to bending.
Axial
The axial strength of the pipe body is determined by the pipe body yield
strength formula found in API Bulletin 5C3. Axial strength is the
product of the cross-sectional area and the yield strength. Nominal
dimensions are used.
π 2 2
F y = --- ( D – d )Y p
4
Where:
Burst
The following equation is commonly called the Barlow Equation and is
applicable to thin wall pipes. It assumes that burst is imminent when the
pipe begins to yield. The factor 0.875 appearing in the equation allows
for minimum acceptable wall thickness due to piercing operations as per
API specification 5CT.
2Y p t
P = 0.875 -----------
D
Where:
Collapse
(D ⁄ t) – 1
P Y = 2Y p -----------------------
2
D
p
----
t
Where:
Plastic Collapse
Plastic collapse is based on empirical data from 2,488 tests.
A
P p = Y p ---------- – B – C
D⁄t
–5 – 10 2 – 16 3
A = 2.8762 + ( 0.10679 ×10 )Y P + ( 0.21301 ×10 )Y P – ( 0.53132 ×10 )Y P
–6
B = 0.026233 + ( 0.50609 ×10 )Y P
–7 2 – 13 3
C = – 465.93 + 0.030867Y P + ( 0.10483 ×10 )Y P – ( 0.36989 ×10 )Y P
Where:
Transition Collapse
Transition collapse is a numerical curve fit between the plastic and
elastic regimes.
F
P T = Y p ---------- – G
D⁄t
B 3
3 ---
6 A
46.95 ×10 ------------------
B
2 + ---
A
F = ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2-
B
3 --- 3 B ---
A B A
Y P ------------------ – --- 1 – ------------------
B A 2 + B
2 + --- ---
A A
B
G = F ---
A
Where:
Elastic Collapse
Elastic collapse is based on theoretical elastic collapse. This criteria is
independent of yield strength and applicable to very thin wall pipe.
6
46.95 × 10
P E = ----------------------------------------------
2
(D ⁄ t)((D ⁄ t) – 1)
Where:
Yield Collapse
D D
---- ≤ ----
t t YP
Plastic Collapse
D D D
---- < ---- ≤ ----
t YP t t PT
Transition Collapse
D D D
---- < ---- ≤ ----
t PT t t TE
Elastic Collapse
D D
---- > ----
t t TE
Where:
1
---
C 2
( A – 2 ) + 8 B + ------ + ( A – 2 )
2
Y P
D
---- = -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
t YP C
2 B + ------
Y P
D YP ( A – F )
---- = -----------------------------------
t PT C + YP ( B – G )
B
2 + ---
D
----
A
= -------------
t TE B
3 ---
A
(A, B, C, F, and G are defined in the sections discussing Transition and
Plastic Collapse.)
S a 2 Sa
Y pa = 1 – 0.75 ------ – 0.5 ------ Y p
Y p Yp
Where:
Where:
ΔP = Po- Pi
Where:
Pi Po
P=0 Pe
Stress at the pipe’s outer diameter due to bending can be expressed as:
ED
σ bending = --------
2r
Where:
E = elastic modulus
r = radius of curvature
Where:
Fbending = 2186DφAs
1 2 2 2 1⁄2
Y p ≥ σ VME = ------- [ ( σ z – σ Θ ) + ( σ Θ – σ r ) + ( σ r – σ z ) ]
2
Where:
σz = axial stress
σr = radial stress
Buckling
All service loads should be evaluated for changes in the axial load
profile, triaxial stress, pipe movement, and the onset and degree of
buckling. Buckling will occur if the buckling force, Fbuckling, is greater
than a threshold force, Fp, known as the Paslay buckling force.
F buckling = – F a + p i A i – p o A o
Where:
pi = internal pressure
Fp = 4w ( sin Θ ) ( ( EI ) ⁄ r )
Where:
θ = hole angle
• Using centralizers
Permanent corkscrewing will only occur if the triaxial stress exceeds the
yield strength of the material.
Connection ratings for 8 round (STC and LTC) and buttress (BTC)
casing connections are based on four failure criteria given in API
Bulletin 5C3:
• Fracture - The axial force which causes either the pin or coupling
to fracture based on the ultimate tensile strength. This is not
consistent with the pipe body axial strength, which is based on yield
strength.
This does not indicate that the connection is failing to meet the failure
criteria, but purely that it is the limiting part on the tubular. An example
of a string summary is shown below:
L: Leak
J: Jump Out
Preliminary Design
The largest opportunity for cost savings can be achieved during this
stage of the well design. Preliminary design includes:
• The design can be used as input data for detailed design (cannot yet
order casings).
• Maximum savings are achievable at this stage.
• Standard designs (received wisdom) can be challenged.
Design loads represent the worst case loads that a particular casing
string could experience during the life of a well.
Burst Loads
Drilling Loads
Displacement to Gas
This drilling load case models displacement of the drilling mud in the
casing by gas. It applies only to burst design.
Gas
Gradient
Limit load
case by the
fracture
pressure at
the shoe.
Fracture
pressure at the
shoe.
Pore
Pressure
By default, the gas column extends from the shoe depth (above open
hole TD) to the wellhead, but you can specify the depth of a gas/mud
interface, where the mud column is on top of the gas column. This load
case represents a shut-in condition following a large kick. It is
commonly used as a worst-case burst criterion for protective
(intermediate) and surface casing. It is sometimes described as the
“maximum anticipated surface pressure,” or MASP. Load and the
load-case formulation is consistent with so-called “maximum load”
casing design principles.
normally constrained by the fracture pressure at the shoe above the open
hole TD. If you do not want to limit the internal pressure to the fracture
pressure at the shoe, deselect the Limit to Fracture at Shoe check box
in the Tabular > Design Parameters > Analysis Options tab.
Pressure Test
This drilling load case generates an internal pressure profile based on
mud density, applied pressure at the wellhead, and an option for
specifying a plug depth other than the shoe depth for the current string.
If an alternative plug depth is specified, the applied pressure is only seen
above that depth. This load case applies only to burst design.
The values specified on the Tabular > Initial Conditions > Cementing
and Landing tab are used to construct the external and internal pressure
profiles that arise from fluid hydrostatics alone. The specified test
pressure is applied down to the float collar depth (also specified on the
Tabular > Initial Conditions > Cementing and Landing tab).
Selecting this load case and specifying a test pressure generates the axial
load distribution that develops, with the casing at the current-string shoe
depth specified in the Casing Scheme spreadsheet, immediately after
completing the cement job (top plug landed and cement still a fluid) and
on applying a surface pressure.
Since the casing string is not yet constrained from movement over the
cemented length by hardened cement, the piston force resulting from the
test pressure acting on the top plug causes a significant increase in the
axial load.
• The specified test pressure, applied to the inside of the casing and
acting on a cross-sectional area corresponding to the casing ID at
the float collar depth, which is specified on the Tabular > Initial
Conditions Cementing and Landing tab of the Initial Conditions
dialog box.
• The buoyed weight of the casing, based on the mud at shoe value
specified for the current string on the Casing Scheme spreadsheet,
and the displacement and cement slurry densities specified on the
Tabular > Initial Conditions > Cementing and Landing tab.
Drill Ahead
This drilling load case captures temperature profile and updated internal
mud density for various string types. This load case will represent mud
weight up / mud weight down after casing landing for drilling a new hole
section. This particular load is required for strings that are not fully
cemented in order to quantify how much buckling would occur on the
uncemented section (prevents casing wear). This case can be used for
any string except the last string (exception is protective casing or liner).
Selecting this load case to visualize internal pressure profile which is
defined with the heaviest mud weight used to drill the next hole section
while the drill string is inside the current casing string, plus an ECD
(Equivalent Circulating Density) value.
Production Loads
Tubing Leak
This production load case applies only to burst design and models a
surface pressure applied to the top of the production annulus as a
consequence of a tubing leak near the wellhead. The internal pressure
profile is based on produced (reservoir) fluid gravity (gas), or gradient
(gas/oil) and reservoir pressure data (that is, pore pressure at the
perforation depth specified in the Production Data dialog box).
Above the production packer, for which the depth is specified in the
Production Data dialog box, the internal pressure profile is based on a
surface pressure equal to the reservoir pressure minus the produced
fluid’s hydrostatic pressure (from wellhead to perforation depth) applied
to a packer fluid density entered in the Production Data dialog box.
From the production packer down to the perforation depth, the internal
pressure profile corresponds to that which would develop for full
displacement of this section to the produced fluid (that is, reservoir
pressure minus the produced fluid hydrostatic pressure from packer to
perforation depth). From the perforation depth down to the well TD, the
internal pressure profile is based on reservoir pressure applied to the
selected packer fluid density.
Above the production packer, for which the depth is specified in the
Production Data dialog box, the internal pressure profile is based on a
wellhead injection pressure specified on the Tubular > Burst Loads >
Edit tab. It is applied to a packer fluid density entered in the Production
Data dialog box. Below the production packer, the internal pressure
profile corresponds to that which would develop for the wellhead
injection pressure and wellhead-to-shoe displacement to the injection
fluid.
Gas Migration
This production load case models the effect of a gas bubble migrating
upward in the annulus between the production casing and the protective
casing. The gas is constrained against expansion as it rises unless the
fracture pressure at the shoe for the protective casing is exceeded, and
the gas bubble pressure and volume remain unchanged with upward
migration. This load case applies only for burst design, and is only
available for strings of name-type “Protective” and type “Casing” or
“Tieback”. This “gas bubble inversion” results in reservoir pressure at
the wellhead and can occur in a subsea completion where the outer
annuli are permanently sealed at the wellhead. Gas migration behind
production casing is normally as a result of primary cementing failure.
Collapse Loads
Drilling Loads
displaced out of the wellbore (through the diverter) before the formation
bridged off.
The internal pressure profile corresponds to a mud drop that can occur
due to drilling below the shoe. This mud drop is calculated by assuming
the hydrostatic column of mud in the hole equilibrates with a specified
pore pressure at a specified depth.
The default depth corresponds to the depth with a pore pressure resulting
in the lowest EMW in the open hole section. For prospects where there
is uncertainty about the pore pressure profile, a seawater or normal
pressure gradient is often used to calculate the mud drop depth.
Cementing
The external pressure profile for this drilling load case is self-described,
modeling the differential pressure due to the higher lead and tail cement
slurry densities on the outside of the casing, from the top of cement
(TOC) to the shoe, immediately after the cement is displaced. It is
unaffected by external pressure profile selections made on the Tubular
> Collapse Loads > Select tab. This load case applies only to collapse
design.
If a displacement fluid is used that has a lesser density than the current-string
value for Mud at Shoe in the Casing Scheme spreadsheet (for example,
seawater), the addition to collapse loading is considered both above and below
the top of cement (TOC).
Drill Ahead
The Drill Ahead load case is explained earlier. (“Drill Ahead” on
page 2-34)
Production Loads
Full Evacuation
This production load case models total evacuation of the casing due to
the complete loss of workover or packer fluid into the formation, a large
drawdown of a low permeability or low pressure production zone, or gas
lift operations. It applies only to collapse design.
Above/Below Packer
This production load case represents a combination of internal pressure
profiles above and below the packer that can occur during different
operations. It applies only to collapse design.
Above the packer during production, it is assumed that the casing will
never see the fully evacuated pressures that can occur below the packer
because the production annulus is never in pressure communication
with the open perforations. In this case, the internal pressure profile
consists of a hydrostatic gradient due to the packer fluid density above
the packer and a fully evacuated profile below.
This load case uses the worst-case collapse pressures from both
scenarios (that is, a partial evacuation above the packer and full
evacuation below) and represents a less severe alternative to a
full evacuation.
Gas Migration
Unlike the burst version of this production load case, the collapse
version uses a self-described external pressure profile regardless of
which external pressure profile was specified on the Tabular >
Collapse Loads > Select tab, and irrespective of whether or not the
Single External Pressure Profile check box was marked. This load
case applies only to collapse design. It is only enabled for strings whose
Casing Scheme spreadsheet reads Production in the “Name” cell and
either Casing or Tieback in the “Type” cell. An analogous load case
applies to burst design.
This load case models a gas bubble migrating upward in the annulus
behind the production casing. Since the bubble is not allowed to expand
unless the fracture pressure at the previous casing's shoe is exceeded
(that is, the pressure is not bled off at the wellhead), the bubble's
pressure and volume do not change as it migrates upward.
The internal pressure profile is based on the packer fluid density. The
external pressure profile corresponds to the reservoir pressure applied at
the casing hanger depth to the annulus fluid hydrostatic head, but limited
to the fracture pressure at the prior shoe. If you do not want to limit the
internal pressure to the fracture pressure at the shoe, you can disable the
Limit to Fracture at the Shoe option.
Axial Loads
• The buoyed weight of the casing, based on the Mud at Shoe value
specified for the current string on the Wellbore > Casing and
Tubing Scheme spreadsheet.
Overpull Force
Selecting this load case and specifying an overpull force generates an
axial load profile that reflects this incremental force above the current
hookload when running the casing string in the hole.
Like the Running in Hole load profile, this axial load profile does not
represent a load distribution seen by the pipe at one particular time while
running the pipe (that is, the overpull force is not just applied when the
casing is on bottom). Instead, the case is considered at each stage of the
running operation (that is, with the casing shoe at a range of depths from
the surface to the setting depth).
The load profile is constructed by using the maximum force seen at each
point on the pipe during the entire running operation.
• The overpull force is applied at the surface, with the stuck point
always assumed to be the bottom of the string.
• The buoyed weight of the casing, based on the Mud at Shoe value
specified for the current string on the Wellbore > Casing and
Tubing Scheme spreadsheet.
• The buoyed weight of the casing, based on the mud at shoe value
specified for the current string on the Casing Scheme spreadsheet.
Note
The applied force as defined in this 6 for Pre-Cemented Static Load is applied prior
to performing the cement job from the surface to the bottom of the string. It is
independent of the pickup force specified in the Cementing and Landing tab,
which is only considered in axial design when Service Loads is selected on the
Axial Loads > Select tab. Pickup force in the Cementing and Landing tab
represents an incremental upward force (above static string weight) applied at the
surface after the cement has hardened, and results in increased tension above the
TOC depth.
Similarly, the applied force as defined in this dialog box for Pre-Cement
Static Load is independent of the slackoff force landing data in the
Cementing and Landing tab, which is only considered in axial design
where Service Loads is selected on the Tubular > Axial Loads > Select
tab. Slackoff force landing data in the Tubular > Initial Conditions >
Cementing and Landing tab represents a reduction to the current string
axial load profile (immediately after cementing) by lowering of the
casing before landing in the wellhead assembly. This force results in
reduced tension both above and below the TOC depth as specified for
the current string in the Casing Scheme spreadsheet.
Service Loads
Load Lines
A single load line of maximum burst and collapse differential pressures
is generated. A burst load line example is shown below. It is formed
from two load cases used as burst criteria.
In the preceding example, two burst loads have been selected and
differential pressure has been calculated. The upper section of the casing
design is driven by the Displacement to Gas load and the bottom by the
Tubing Leak load.
Design Factors
To make a direct graphical comparison between the load line and the
pipe’s rating line, the design factor must be considered.
PipeRating
DF = SF min ≤ SF = ----------------------------------
AppliedLoad
Where:
• The more conservative the design assumptions, the lower the design
factor may be to result in the same level of risk.
• The higher the load uncertainty, the greater the design factor (for
example, all else being equal, exploration wells should be designed
using higher design factors than development wells).
The three most important aspects of the design method that will have a
direct effect on the appropriate design factor value are:
• Selection of load cases and the assumptions used with the load
cases (for example, use of a limited kick criterion vs. a full
displacement to gas, the kick volume and intensity used, whether
bending due to doglegs or shock loads are considered, and so on).
Graphical Design
Similarly, you can increase the load, which is how the StressCheck
software handles it:
Apart from the design factor, two other effects which impact the design
can be considered in graphical casing design by increasing the load line:
Permeable Zones
permeable zones are specified within this interval, the Permeable Zones
profile is identical to the Mud and Cement Mix-Water profile. For a
more detailed explanation of this external pressure profile, review “Mud
and Cement Mix-Water” on page 2-50.
This profile is only available as a burst criterion for casing strings (not
liners). The options on the Tubular > Burst Loads > Edit tab are only
available if the top of cement (TOC) is in open hole (that is, the interval
below the shoe of the previous string).
Pore pressure at
casing shoe
This external pressure profile has the greatest applicability for surface
and conductor strings in offshore wells.
This is the only external pressure profile available for Tieback strings.
It is identical to the external profile used with the Cementing load case,
but it can be used with any of the other load cases.
This is the most conservative external pressure profile and has the most
applicability to operations associated with inner-string cementing jobs.
Fracture pressure at
prior shoe.
Below mudline or ground level, the profile used depends on the top of
cement (TOC) for the current string.
• Pore pressure profile below the prior shoe is defined using the
Wellbore > Pore Pressure spreadsheet.
• Mud weight gradients above TOC are displayed (read only) on the
Burst Loads > Edit tab.
• Pore pressure profile between the prior shoe and top of cement
(TOC) is defined using the Wellbore > Pore Pressure spreadsheet.
Overview
• Learn about the EDM data structure, common data, data locking,
and how to import and export data
Database
Company
Wellbore
Design
Case
Note
The Case level applies only to the WELLPLAN software and is not discussed in
this manual.
Templates
Tubular Properties
Catalogs
Filter
Shows currently selected filter (notice
the “funnel” on the database node that
indicates a filter is applied). It is used to
provide a filtered look of the overall
design.
Recent Bar
Shows the last selected data items; it is
used to quickly open recently
used items.
Hierarchical “Tree”
The selected node shows the currently
open Design.
For more information about the specific Well Explorer components and
associated features, see the StressCheck Help.
In this section, you will learn some basic operations performed with the
Well Explorer. For a detailed list of all features available in the Well
Explorer, see the StressCheck Help.
Drag-and-drop Rules
“Drag-and-drop” in the Well Explorer functions somewhat like the
Microsoft Windows Explorer. You can use drag-and-drop to copy
Projects, Sites, Wells, Wellbores, and Designs, as well as associated
data items and attached documents.
All drag-and-drop operations copy the data; data is never cut or moved.
To copy data, drag-and-drop the item from one location and paste it into
another. The item and all of its associated data are copied and pasted.
You can drag and drop associated items (Wellpaths, Pore Pressures,
Fracture Gradients, Geothermal Gradients, Hole Sections, Assemblies,
and so on) into open Designs from the Associated Data Viewer at the
base of the Well Explorer. The application automatically updates itself
with the copied data.
Instant Design
To access the Instant Design dialog box, select File > New > Instant
Design; or right-click the Database level and select Instant Design from
the drop-down menu. This dialog box allows you to quickly and easily
create the hierarchy required to start a Design, from the Company to the
Import
The Import command allows you to import selected data files in the
StressCheck software. These files can either be transfer files in
Extensible Markup Language (XML) format, StressCheck (SCK)
format files or wellpath data files in text (TXT) format.
Select File > Import > Transfer File or right-click the Database node
in the Well Explorer and select Import from the drop-down menu. The
Import dialog box opens. Enter the file name or browse for the file, and
then click Open. The file is imported in the EDM database and contains
the entire hierarchy (Company, Project, Site, Well, Wellbore, Design
and any child data associated with the specific node).
Select File > Import > SCK File to import StressCheck SCK files. The
Import SCK File dialog box opens. Enter the file name or browse for
the file, and then click Open. At this point, the data is available in the
StressCheck software, but is not saved in the EDM database. Select File
> Save to save the imported data as a Design in the database. The Save
As… dialog box opens. Select a site for the Design, and specify a Design
name in the New Design Name field. Click Save. The Well Explorer
updates to display the Design.
Select File > Import > WellPath to import and load delimited text
wellpath data in the Wellbore > Wellpath Editor. The Import
Wellpath File dialog box opens. Enter the file name or browse for the
file, and click Open. The Wellpath data becomes available in the
StressCheck software, but is not saved in the EDM database. Select File
> Save to save the imported wellpath data.
Note
The Wellpath command is only available in the File > Import menu if a Design is
open and the Wellpath is not read-only. For more information on importing
Wellpath files, see “Import Wellpath File” on page 5-15.
Export
The Export command allows you to export the selected node’s data in
XML format. It also allows you to export the currently open Design in
SCK (.sck) format.
For exporting the Database, select the database node from the Well
Explorer and select File > Export > Transfer File or right-click the
Database node and select Export from the drop-down menu. The
Export Library Transfer File dialog box opens. Enter a name for the
file in the File name field, select the file type from the Save as type box
and click Save.
For exporting the Company and its associated data, select the company
node from the Well Explorer and select File > Export > Transfer File
or right-click the company node and select Export from the drop-down
menu. The Export dialog box opens. Enter a name for the file in the File
name field, select the file type from the Save as type box and click
Save.
Note
You can export data at any level under the company node, using the method
available for exporting Company data.
For exporting a Design, open the Design and Select File > Export >
SCK File. The Export SCK File dialog box opens. Enter a name for the
file in the File name field and click Save.
Note
The SCK File option is only available in the File > Export menu if a Design is open
in StressCheck.
Attachments
You can associate a folder or a file, such as a document, picture (Word,
Excel, text file, JPG, and so on). Attached files can be of any type with
a recognized extension. Folder attachments will open any accessible
directory and display the contents of the folder. To access the
Enter text that provides detailed Click Browse to navigate to the location of
descriptive information about the the file. If you know the path, you can enter
attachment. it without using the Browse button.
Select the Save attachment as a link/shortcut only check box if you want to save the attachment
as a link only. If you select this check box, only the link to the disk file is stored in the database. Any
edits you make are saved to the original disk file. You can edit the document directly from the Well
Explorer, or you can edit the disk file from its disk location; the changes are reflected in both places.
In the Associated Data Viewer, the icon representing a Linked document is shown as a paperclip
with a small arrow in the lower left corner.
Data Locking
You can prevent other people from making changes to data by locking
data at various levels and setting passwords. Users can only open the
data item in read-only mode. To keep changes, they must use Save As
or Export.
By default, passwords are not set, and the Locked check box on all
Properties dialog boxes can be toggled on and off with no security to
prevent users from doing something they should not.
In the Well Explorer, if a data item is locked, a small blue “key” appears
in the corner of its icon. When you open a locked data item, you see the
message: “This Design is locked and therefore Read-Only. Changes to
this Design will not be saved to the database. To keep your changes, use
the Save As or Export options.”
When you click the Company Level button, you are prompted to set a
password to protect Company properties (and only the Company
properties). This password will then be required if a user wants to
“unlock” company properties and make changes.
After the password is set, select the Company is locked check box to
lock the company properties and prevent unauthorized changes to
the data.
All levels are locked individually—that is, you can lock a Well, but this
does not mean that anything below it is locked.
After the Locked Data password is set, you can lock properties for any
data level below Company and prevent unauthorized changes to the
data. Open the Properties dialog box for the data level you want to lock
and select the Locked check box. (For example, to lock a Wellbore,
open the Wellbore Properties dialog box and select the Wellbore is
locked check box.)
Note
When a design is locked, all associated items (Pore Pressure, Fracture Gradient,
Geothermal Gradient, and Wellpath) are locked with it.
General Tab
On the General tab of the Company Properties dialog box, the
Company is locked check box and Locked Data and Company Level
password buttons are discussed below. All Well Explorer node
Properties dialog boxes, with the exception of the Database level,
contain the “[Node Type] is locked” check box.
Passwords
• Locked Data—Click this button to specify a password to lock all
data associated with the Company, including all Projects, Sites,
Wells, Wellbores, and Designs.
Click Locked
Data to specify
a password to
lock all data
associated
with the
Company.
Select the Company is Locked check box to Click Company Level Locked Data to specify a
prevent editing the company level data. password to lock Company data.
Audit Tabs
In dialog boxes that contain the Audit Tab, information such as when
the Company was created and last modified (and by whom) is displayed.
Datums
Datum terms are defined below and are grouped by the Properties
dialog box in which they are found.
Project Properties
The Project Properties dialog box contains a General tab in which you
can specify System Datum and Elevation.
System Datum
The System Datum represents absolute zero. It is the surface depth
datum from which all Well depths are measured, and all Well depths are
stored in the database relative to this datum. Usually the System Datum
is Mean Sea Level, Mean Ground Level, or Lowest Astronomical Tide,
but it can also be the wellhead, rig floor, RKB, and so on.
Elevation
The Elevation represents the elevation above Mean Sea Level. (If Mean
Sea Level is selected as the System datum, Elevation is grayed out.)
Well Properties
The Well Properties > General tab is used to specify the Well name,
Unique Well Identifier (UWI), and other descriptive properties of the
well. You can also set tight group security, activate the unit system for
the Design, and specify and define the Depth Reference datums.
A pull-down list below the label contains all defined Depth Reference
datums. Select the Depth Reference datum you want to use to view and
calculate data. If you do not specify a Depth Reference datum here, a
“Default Datum” with zero elevation above System datum will be used.
• Default - When selected, this check box indicates that this is the
default datum. All Designs created below this Well inherit the
default datum.
• Date - Type the date on which the datum was created. The program
uses the date field to determine which is the newest datum, and then
uses that datum as the default for new Wellbores.
Configuration
• For a Land Well - If the Well is a land Well, type the value for the
Ground Elevation above the System Datum (must be a positive
number). Leave the Offshore check box deselected.
— Select the Subsea check box. (The Offshore check box must be
selected before this option becomes available.)
Summary
In the Summary area, a graphic depicts the selected configuration
(onshore, offshore, or offshore subsea), and displays current values. The
following values are calculated and/or displayed:
• Air Gap - This is the distance from ground level/sea level to the rig
floor. It is used in some calculations for hydrostatic head. Air Gap
is always positive. The application calculates Air Gap as follows:
Design Properties
The Design Properties dialog box is used to specify a unique name for
the Design. You can also select the Design phase, Depth Reference
Datum for the Design and Lock the Design level data.
• Design - Type the name that will be used to identify the Design.
The name must be unique.
Note
If the Design is locked check box is selected, you cannot edit any of the fields.
• Phase - Select the phase of the Design from the pull-down list
(Prototype, Planned, or Actual). The list of phases that appears in
the combo box is filtered; you can only have one Design marked as
“Planned” and one marked as “Actual.” The Planned or Actual
option is removed from the pull-down list if another Design for the
same Wellbore already has it set. You can have as many Prototype
(the default) Designs as desired.
• Effective Date - Select the date from the drop-down list box. A
calendar dialog box will open. Use the arrow buttons on the
calendar dialog box to move to the desired month, then click the
day. The date you select populates the field.
Click arrows
to change to
desired
month.
Click on the
desired day
• If the Well is offshore, select the Offshore check box and enter
the Water Depth below the System Datum.
• If the Well is subsea, select the Subsea check box and enter the
Wellhead Depth below the System Datum.
4. Access the Well Properties > Depth Reference tab. If the Well is a
land Well, make sure the Offshore check box is unchecked and
enter the Ground Level elevation above the System Datum.
5. Access the Well Properties > Depth Reference tab. Define the
Depth Reference Datum(s) you want to use, such as RKB or Rig
floor. Type the elevation above the System Datum in the Elevation
field and specify the effective Date for the datum.
• For Wells other than slant holes, the program issues this message:
“The currently selected Design datum is different to the datum with
which the Design was created. The application will then attempt to
adjust the data, but some data might be shifted or removed. If you
open the Design, we strongly suggest that you review your input
data; any changes will not be saved to the database until you
explicitly save your data. Please click Open to review the Design
using the datum with which it was created.”
If you want to open the Design with the original elevation, select
Open. If you want to convert the data to the new elevation, select
Adjust. Open is the default.
— If you click Adjust, the Well Explorer loads the data to the new
Wellbore datum and attempts to adjust the data; however, some
data may be shifted or removed. The program resolves the
deltas in the first depths of column data (strings, wellpaths,
columns, and so on) to adjust for the new gap and read zero
depth on the first line.
Note
After you open the Design, you should review your input data. Remember that
the changes are not saved to the database until you explicitly save your data.
EDM supports full concurrency for multiple applications that are using
the same data set. The SAM (Simultaneous Activity Monitor) server
moderates the activity. This messaging server notifies a user of all data
items currently open by other applications and users sharing the
same database.
Message Description
A green SAM icon with a red X in the status bar indicates that
the Messenger Service is not currently active. If a tooltip is
available, the message “SAM-Disconnected” displays.
A red SAM icon in the status bar indicates the SAM service is
enabled but has lost connectivity. Hover over the icon to
display the tooltip “SAM - No longer responding”.
Icon Description
A red SAM icon indicates that one or more users on other PCs have
this item open, and the current user is restricted to read-only access.
A blue SAM icon indicates that one or more users on the current
database have this item open, but the current user still has full
read-write access. A user must be careful when making changes to
the data, though this method enables data to automatically flow
between applications. Intentional updates to other live applications
should be anticipated before saving changes.
The first user to open a data item becomes the data item’s owner. When
another user opens the data item through an EDM application, that user
can see that the data item is currently being accessed by the first user,
who is the owner. Hover the mouse over the item to display a data listing
tooltip as seen below.
Reload Notification
A Reload Notification dialog box appears when the owner of the active
data item saves changes to the database. SAM then notifies any other
EDM applications of the changes. The Change Notification dialog box
is then offered to the user to reload or ignore the data owner’s changes,
or cancel the dialog box. The dialog box displays the user name for the
owner and the application in which the changes were made. This enables
the user to identify the source of the change that has been posted.
Reload
The Reload option results in the owner’s changes being uploaded into
the current application.
Ignore
The Ignore option gives you the ability to ignore the owner’s changes
and continue working with the current data item.
You may choose to ignore the updates if you own the data item in
another application.
In this instance, you may choose to save later and overwrite changed
data in the other application as a result.
The user with read-only access to the data item may choose to ignore the
owner’s changes in order to continue looking at the previous state of the
data. The user may also perform a Save As operation to save the current
data before reloading the changes. The WELLPLAN software does not
support Save As functionality for read-only access.
Select the Do not ask the question again check box to avoid receiving
any other reload notifications. This check box option is not remembered
between sessions. If you restart an application, you must select the check
box the first time it appears in order to stop the appearance of the
reload notifications.
Cancel
The Cancel option gives you the opportunity to cancel the dialog box.
If this option is selected, the Do not ask the question again check box
is ignored.
Workflow
• Define the Casing Scheme, including casing name, type, pipe ODs,
hole size, shoe, hanger and TOC depths, and the mud weight at the
shoe. (Wellbore > Casing and Tubing Scheme) (“Define the
Casing and Tubing Scheme” on page 5-22)
• Specify the maximum tool length for a specified tool OD that can
freely pass through the casing. (Tubular > Tool Passage) (“Specify
Tool Passage Requirements” on page 6-13)
• Specify the temperature profile for the current string. (Tubular >
Initial Conditions > Temperature tab) (“Specifying the Initial
Conditions” on page 6-4)
• Select standard load cases for burst, collapse and axial loads.
(Tubular > Burst Loads, Tubular > Collapse Loads, Tubular >
Axial Loads) (“Defining Burst Loads” on page 6-15, “Specifying
Collapse Loads” on page 6-24, and “Specifying Axial Loads
Details” on page 6-29)
Getting Started
Title Bar
Work Area
Menu Bar
Toolbars
Filter
Recent
Bar
Hierarchical
“Tree”
Associated
Data Viewer
Well
Configuration
Reference
Datum
Diagram
• Select the Windows menu path Start > Programs > Landmark
Engineer’s Desktop 5000.1 > StressCheck.
The first window to appear when you start the StressCheck software
looks similar to the one in the previous graphic. At this time, few menu
options are available and most of the toolbar icons are not available
for use.
You can select an item from the menu by using the mouse or the
keyboard quick keys. To use the quick keys to select an item, press and
hold the Alt key while pressing the underlined character in the menu
item. For example, to open the File menu, press Alt-F.
You must open an existing Design or create a new Design to expand the
menu bar options or to activate additional toolbar buttons.
Select File > Template > Open From File or File > Template > Open
From Database to open an existing template file.
When opening a
template file,
navigate to the
location and select
from a list of
existing templates
When opening a
template from the
EDM database,
select from the
pull-down list.
• File > Template > Save to save the template with the same name.
No dialog box appears. The template is saved to the database.
• File > Template > Save As to save the template with a different
name as shown below.
• File > Template > Save As System Template to save the template
as a System Template that is available to all StressCheck users. The
dialog box is the same one that appears for the File > Template >
Save As command shown below.
The StressCheck main window is shown below. In this window, the well
schematic is currently displayed. The main window is used to display
data entry dialog boxes and spreadsheets. It is also used to display
results. The main window has several distinct areas, as shown below.
Most of these options do not become available until after you open a
template file or Design.
Main
Toolbar
Engineering
Toolbar
Well Explorer
Hierarchical
“Tree”
Associated
Data Viewer
Well
Configuration
Diagram
Reference
Datum Diagram
Title Bar
The Title Bar is located at the top of the main window. The Title Bar
displays the name of the active Design and the name of the active
spreadsheet, table, plot, or schematic (if the active window
is maximized).
Menu Bar
After a Design has been opened or created, the menu bar has a number
of options available.
File Menu
The File menu has commands to manage files and templates, import
Wellpath .txt files, import or export StressCheck .sck and Transfer .xml
files, access DEX data transfer, send StressCheck .sck files via email,
print documents, and exit the StressCheck software.
Edit Menu
The Edit menu has commands used to undo changes; cut, copy, and
paste information; manipulate OLE objects; view/edit spreadsheet
properties; and find data in the Well Explorer tree.
Wellbore Menu
The Wellbore menu is used to define data not related to a specific casing
string, such as well depth; wellbore deviation; and pore pressure,
fracture pressure, and geothermal gradients.
Tubular Menu
The Tubular menu is used to define data related to a specific casing
string, such as design parameters, cementing and landing data,
string-section descriptions, connections, and load cases. This menu also
manages inventory items used with the current Design, such as pipe
inventory, special connections, and pipe grade properties.
View Menu
The View menu is used to display/hide the Well Explorer; display
wellbore, load case, and design plots; and display tabular reports.
Composer Menu
The Composer menu is used to add, edit, and configure Wall Plot
objects. The commands are only available when a Wall Plot is active in
the work area.
Tools Menu
The Options menu is used to customize the StressCheck software (set up
toolbars, status bars, tabs, defaults, options), and configure the
unit system.
Window Menu
The Window menu has commands to arrange and select windows.
Help Menu
The Help menu has commands to access online Help and obtain
information about the StressCheck software.
Wizard Toolbar
The Wizard toolbar provides easy access to common data selection and
form selection commands. It is used to select the current casing string.
The Wizard provides you with a predetermined sequence of entry forms
to help ensure that all necessary information is specified.
Current data
entry form.
All entry forms accessible using the Wizard can also be selected from
the Wellbore and Tubular menus.
The dialog box and spreadsheet are the two types of entry forms
available in the StressCheck software. They may all be accessed from
the Wellbore and Tubular menus, and most from the Wizard, depending
on how you are entering the well data.
Dialog Box
The first type of entry form is a dialog box, as seen in the example
below. When selected, the dialog box opens over the current window
contents. Dialog boxes are used to enter data such as design parameters
and load cases that cannot be conveniently presented in a spreadsheet.
All dialog boxes in the StressCheck software are modal, which means
you cannot access any other spreadsheets or dialog boxes until the
current dialog box is closed.
Select To
Update the well with the current changes and close the
dialog box.
Disregard any changes made since the last update and close
the dialog box.
Update the well with the current changes and keep the dialog
box open.
Spreadsheets
The second type of entry form is the spreadsheet, as seen in the example
below. When selected, it fills the current StressCheck window pane.
Spreadsheets are used to enter depth and inventory data. Spreadsheets
remain in view until they are replaced by another spreadsheet or view.
Data is automatically applied when a further action occurs.
Helpful Features
Online Help
The context-sensitive Help system can be accessed in several ways:
Setting Options
Options are not stored as part of the active Design and affect all Designs
analyzed with the StressCheck software until the options are changed.
Control the
appearance of the Select MD or TVD
graphical views. to determine how
depths are
displayed in plots,
spreadsheets, and
Control the tables.
appearance of Specify how
spreadsheets and safety factors
tables. display.
Control options for
Permit to Drill
report (APD).
Grid
Select the Grid check box to display grid lines on all plots. These lines
are used only as cues to help guide the eye when visually analyzing data.
Font Button
Click the Font button to display the Font dialog box so you can change
the font, style, and text size used along the axes of all plots.
Markers
Select the Markers check box to display individual symbols to denote
each set of data displayed on all plots. Markers are usually drawn at
known or well-defined points, while the envelope lines connecting these
markers are generally interpolated.
Lines Button
Click the Lines button to display the Lines dialog box so you can set the
color and thickness for each line marking each set of data on every plot.
Legend
Select the Legend check box for the appropriate legend to appear in all
plots. When the legend obscures a relevant portion of the plot, click the
legend and drag it elsewhere.
Font Button
Click the Font button to display the Font dialog box so you can change
the font, style, and size of text used in all plot legends.
Grid in Tables
Select the Grid in Tables check box to draw grid lines and row labels
on all results tables, such as the Well Summary table.
Font Button
Click the Font button to display the Font dialog box so you can change
the font, style, and size of text used in all spreadsheets and tables.
Fonts for plots are customized by clicking the View Title Font button
in the Other group box.
• The date and time at which the document was displayed and the
page number displays in the upper right corner.
Page numbers do not display when the Page Numbering check box is
not selected.
Page Numbering
Select the Page Numbering check box to display page numbers in the
upper right corner of each page when a document is displayed by using
the Print or Print Preview commands. This check box is disabled if the
Headers and Footers check box is not selected.
Margins
Select the Margins check box to add margins to the top, bottom, left,
and right sides of each page when a document is displayed by using the
Print or Print Preview commands. If this check box is not selected, the
document is drawn out to the edges of every page.
MD and TVD
MD and TVD are a pair of mutually exclusive option buttons that
determine whether depths in applicable plots, spreadsheets, and tables
are displayed by using measured (MD) or true vertical depth (TVD).
Configuring Units
The API, SI, API - US Survey Feet, and Mixed API unit
systems are included with the StressCheck installation.
Click Import to
import a unit
system.
Click New to
create a unit
system.
The Unit Systems Editor dialog box always contains three or more tabs
arranged along its upper left corner—one for each available unit system
stored in the database. The three left-most tabs are always API, SI, and
API - US Survey Feet. The Mixed API unit set is shipped with the
StressCheck software, but it can be deleted. If you create custom unit
systems, they are also present as tabs. When this dialog box is opened,
the tab containing the unit system associated with the active Design
opens.
Most numerical dialog box fields and spreadsheet cells are associated
with a physical parameter such as depth, stress, or temperature, and each
physical parameter is expressed in a unit.
To look at the values for a different unit system, select another tab and
click OK.
To switch to another unit system, select the desired unit system from the
Active Viewing Unit System pull-down list, and click OK. All open
Designs are presented in this unit system.
The Status Bar at the bottom of the main screen displays the name of the
unit system that is currently in use. Unit system is set at the Well level
and affects all Wellbores and Designs below it.
CAUTION
Be careful when you delete. Other users may want to use the unit system you are
planning to delete.
1. Open the Unit Systems Editor dialog box by selecting Tools > Unit
System.
2. Click New.
4. Click OK. You can now choose from a large variety of unit options
for all physical parameters used in the StressCheck software.
unit systems currently in use. Only the value in the active cell/field is
affected. When you close this dialog box, any new numerical value
chosen is written to the field, but the value is displayed in the unit system
already in use. If you want a new unit system used, you must use Tools >
Unit Systems, which changes the unit systems for all fields.
To use the Convert Unit dialog box, a spreadsheet cell or a dialog box
field that is editable must be selected, and it must have a value
associated with a physical parameter (Tools > Unit Systems). For
default values, the program displays the value appropriate for the
units selected.
Value
By default, this is the value displayed in the field or cell from which the
Convert Unit dialog box was invoked. You can type or paste a new
value into this cell, and it will be converted to the current unit system
after you click OK.
Unit
The Unit list box has the units in which the value can be expressed.
Select the appropriate unit from this list and its value displays in the
Value field.
Note
Be aware that when this dialog box is invoked, its name varies according to the cell
selected. For example, when it is invoked from the Zone Top cell in the Squeeze
Salt/Shale spreadsheet, the dialog box is titled Convert Depth Units. When it is
invoked from the Overburden Pressure cell, it is titled Convert Pressure Units.
After you click OK, the dialog box closes, and the value is placed in the
field or cell from which the Convert Unit dialog box was invoked.
Before the value is placed, it is converted back to the units used by the
active unit system. If the dialog box was invoked from a field or cell in
which the Paste command does not work, the value is ignored. The
Undo command can be used if a new value was entered.
Example
In the following example, the Mix-Water Density units are changed.
1. Click a cell or field that contains the units you want to convert, from
the active spreadsheet or dialog box.
Note
The Convert Depth dialog box uses values from the Wellpath to convert MD to
TVD and vice versa. If a Design does not contain Wellpath values such as
Inclination or Azimuth, then Convert Depth will not calculate correct value.
Zooming
The older plot engine right-click menu features a Zoom facility. You can
zoom in as many as 10 times to investigate specific features. A Restore
feature allows the view to be restored to its last setup.
When the Tubular > Pipe Inventory spreadsheet is accessed for the
first time, it displays an inventory of casing for the OD corresponding to
the OD designation in the Wellbore > Casing and Tubing Scheme
spreadsheet for the string that is currently selected. The pipe inventory
for a different OD can be selected using the Select OD pull-down list on
the Template toolbar. The entire pipe inventory for all sizes can be
displayed by selecting All at the top of this list box.
The pipe inventory is automatically sorted on the basis of the three keys
specified in the Sorting dialog box. The default key settings are OD
(primary), weight (secondary), and grade (tertiary) which are accessed
from View > Sorting dialog box.
The Pipe Inventory Catalog (accessed by using the Edit > Import from
Catalog and Edit > Export to Catalog commands when the current
view is the Pipe Inventory spreadsheet) contains a built-in API catalog
that contains all API casing, as listed in Table 1 of API Bulletin 5C2, as
well as API line-pipe in the range of 22-42 inches OD.
Default performance properties for API line pipe are calculated on the
basis of API Bulletin 5C3 formulations for internal yield pressure
(burst), pipe body yield strength (axial), and collapse pressure. For
collapse pressure ratings determined by this method, be aware that the
API Bulletin 5C3 collapse pressure formulations are, in large part,
empirically derived from testing on materials of greater minimum yield
strength and tubes of lesser D/t (diameter-to-wall thickness) ratio than
are typical of API casing. API does not recommend using the 5C3
collapse formulations for line pipe, but it does state in § 2.4 of 5C3 that
“For line pipe having a yield strength and D/t falling within the limits of
the sizes and thickness listed in API Specification 5CT, application of
the formulas in 2.2 (the API collapse formulas) should yield reasonable
estimates of minimum collapse pressure.” Sound engineering judgment
is recommended when using these line pipe ratings.
Each valid entry (or row) in the Tubular > Pipe Inventory spreadsheet
defines a pipe that is available for manual, graphical, or minimum-cost
design. To be considered a valid entry, every cell in a row, except “In
Inven.”, must contain a legitimate value. By default, the initial contents
of the Tubular > Pipe Inventory spreadsheet for a given Design are
identical to the contents of the API catalog in the Pipe Inventory
spreadsheet. However, immediately after the Design is created,
supplemental entries can be made to the Pipe Inventory as required.
Pipe Inventory entries that you want excluded from consideration in the
Design can, and should, be deleted from the inventory. These inventory
changes only affect available casing in the current Design, and the API
catalog in a Design remain unchanged.
Note
The only Tubular > Pipe Inventory entries that cannot be modified or removed are
those that are currently included in the design of one or more strings by virtue of
their selection in a Tubular > String Sections spreadsheet. If you attempt to modify
or remove them, the status bar displays the message “This pipe is in use and cannot
be modified.”
Select the View > Selection dialog box to facilitate selecting casings
you want removed from the current pipe inventory, or you want added
to that used in a different Design. In the dialog box, specify an OD, one
or more weights, and one or more grades, and then click OK. All pipe
inventory entries matching the selection criteria are highlighted and can
then be deleted or copied.
The Selection dialog box is only enabled when the Tubular > Pipe
Inventory spreadsheet is active.
After specifying an OD, one or more weights, and one or more grades,
click OK to highlight all spreadsheet entries that match the
selection criteria.
Click OK to close the dialog box. The selected pipe is highlighted on the
spreadsheet. Use Edit > Delete Row to delete the selected items.
Note
Deleting a string currently being used in a Design removes this pipe section’s grade,
weight, or both from the Tubular > String Sections spreadsheet. It must be re-
entered into the Tubular > Pipe Inventory for it to be used again.
Click in the cell to display the pull-down list. Select Special if you want to
overwrite the calculated values for burst, collapse, and axial strength.
The Standard pipe type uses API Alternate (“special”) Drift diameter by
default. To specify an API Minimum Drift, select the Min. API
Pipe Type.
Note
If the pipe is being used in a Design, the properties cannot be modified until that
pipe is temporarily removed from the string sections spreadsheet.
Tubular Properties
The Tubular Properties node contains items that allow you to define the
physical properties of any unusual pipe grades or special materials (such
as corrosion resistant alloys), as well as the deration of the material's
yield strength as a function of temperature.
CAUTION
Use caution when applying Tubular Property security because EDM Administrators
need the old password to reset a forgotten password. Passwords are encrypted and
require Database Administrators to use a SQL or Oracle tool to clear.
Grades
The Grade spreadsheet is used to define the physical properties of all
pipe grades or special materials (such as corrosion-resistant alloys) used
in the pipe inventory and catalog. The grades you define will be used as
a selection list when defining a component using catalogs; for example,
when you select a grade in the Tubular > String Sections spreadsheet.
You must enter a unique name to define the grade. Specify the yield
strength, the ultimate tensile strength, and the underlying material
behavior (mechanical and thermal properties).
Specify grades on
the Tubular
Properties >
Grade
spreadsheet.
Notes
Grade
This cell contains the name of the specified pipe grade. No two grades
should have the same name.
Material
This cell contains a pull-down list of available material types. The
material is defined in a separate spreadsheet (Material Properties) to
capture the mechanical and thermal properties of the underlying
material from which the pipe grade has been manufactured.
Note
Materials
The Materials spreadsheet is used to define the physical properties of all
alloys used in the pipe inventory and catalog.
The Steel (default) entry can be edited but not deleted. The properties in
this entry represent those of low-alloy carbon steel, which is used in
nearly all casing applications for oil and gas wells. Most of the time, the
default option is all you will need when creating new grades and linking
to the material choice. However, if you are using CRA materials, such
as austenitic alloys (for example, Incoloy 825, Hastelloy G-3, or
Sanicro 28), which have significantly different mechanical and thermal
properties than the Steel (default), you should add additional entries to
this spreadsheet characterizing their behavior.
Material Name
This cell contains the name of the material whose properties are being
specified. No two entries should have the same material name. The Steel
(default) material may have its properties edited, but the entry cannot
be deleted.
Young’s Modulus
This cell contains Young’s modulus for the material from which pipes
of this material are made.
Poisson’s Ratio
This cell contains Poisson’s ratio for the material from which pipes of
this material are made.
Density
This cell contains the density for the material in pounds per cubic foot.
The density of steel (490 lbm/ft^3) is the default value.
Expansion Coefficient
This cell contains the thermal expansion coefficient for the material
from which pipes of this material are made.
Class
Click to expand the Tubular Properties node in the Well Explorer, and
then double-click Class to open the Class spreadsheet. You can also
right-click Class and select Edit from the drop-down menu to open the
spreadsheet. This spreadsheet is used to compile a list of tubular classes
and associated properties. This list is used as a selection list while
defining a component using catalogs.
Service Class
Enter a unique name to identify the class. The defined classes are used
as a selection list for defining the class of some components
using catalogs.
Description
Type a short description of the class.
Temperature Derations
Click to expand the Tubular Properties node in the Well Explorer, and
then double-click Temperature Derations to open the Temperature
Deration spreadsheet. This spreadsheet is used to define the schedule
used to derate the minimum yield strength of a material as a function of
the temperature.
The default schedule entry can be edited but not deleted. This default
schedule corresponds to a linear reduction in yield strength of
0.03% per ° F. This schedule is used for the Steel (default) material that
describes the low-alloy carbon steels represented by the typical API pipe
grades in the inventory. Any new schedule created should have at least
two temperature deration points defined, as shown in the following
graphic, to capture the linear decay behavior.
68 1.00
500 0.87
The default schedule can be modified (edited) if desired but not deleted.
This section shows the process of creating a new Design and entering
general well data, pore pressure/fracture gradient/geothermal gradients,
pressure and fracture and geothermal gradients in the StressCheck™
software. Next, a simple casing scheme is defined, and then the data can
be viewed graphically in a Well Schematic.
• Design - Type the name that will be used to identify the Design.
The name must be unique.
Note
If the Design is locked check box is selected, you cannot edit any of the fields.
• Phase - Select the phase of the Design from the pull-down list
(Prototype, Planned, or Actual). The list of phases that appears in
the combo box is filtered; you can only have one Design marked as
“Planned” and one marked as “Actual.” The Planned or Actual
option is removed from the pull-down list if another Design for the
same Wellbore already has it set. You can have as many Prototype
(the default) Designs as desired.
• Effective Date - Select the date from the pull-down list. A calendar
dialog box will open. Use the arrow buttons in the calendar dialog
box to move to the desired month, and then click the day. The date
you select populates the field.
Click arrows to
change to
desired month.
Click on the
desired day.
Select the Depth Reference datum you want to use for this Design from
the pull-down list of Depth Reference datums that were defined at the
Well level. All other fields are display-only or calculated:
Elevation and Ground Level are set on the Depth Reference tab in
the Well Properties dialog box.
Note
If you change the datum and it causes a negative air gap to be calculated, a
warning message appears to inform you that you cannot select this datum.
Select the Design is locked check box to prevent editing of the Design
data. If this check box is selected and a Locked Data password has been
specified, you will be prompted for the password before you can
deselect this check box. For more information, see “Data Locking” on
page 3-11.
You can track modification of data by using the Audit Info tab in the
Properties dialog box for each data type. Using the Well Explorer,
right-click on Company, Project, Site, Well, Wellbore, or Design, and
then click the Audit Info tab.
Enter
comments as
desired to assist
with tracking the
use of the
software. New
comments are
appended to
existing
comments.
Note
Use Change History Logging systems setting in the EDM Administration Utility to
enable or disable the recording of Change History. See EDM Administration
Utility Help for details.
Select the
Comments
tab to enter
additional Well Depth is
Well required to access
information most of the
such as remaining data
location. entry forms. The
Comments depth should be
are greater than or
optional. equal to the shoe
of the deepest
string defined in
the Wellbore >
Casing and
Tubing Scheme
spreadsheet.
Description
The Description can include general remarks about the Well, such as the
name, field, and lease. This description is included on the bottom of all
printed documents if the Headers and Footers check box is selected in
the Tools > Options dialog box.
Origin N
The Origin N value describes the North distance from the wellhead to
the local origin. The default value for Origin N is 0.0 (the wellhead is
positioned at the local origin). Non-zero values for Origin N cause a
displacement of the wellpath origin (wellhead) from the local origin
(plot origin) on View > Deviation Plots > Section View and View >
Deviation Plots > Plan View deviation plots. It also affects the
VSection data in the Survey Editor spreadsheet; positive values for
Origin N indicate North displacements from wellhead to local origin,
while negative values indicate South displacements.
Origin E
The Origin E value describes the East distance from the wellhead to the
local origin. The default value for Origin E is 0.0 (the wellhead is
positioned at the local origin). Non-zero values for Origin E cause a
displacement of the wellpath origin (wellhead) from the local origin
(plot origin) on View > Deviation Plots > Section View and View >
Deviation Plots > Plan View deviation plots. It also affects the
VSection data in the Wellbore > Wellpath Editor spreadsheet; positive
values for Origin E indicate East displacements from wellhead to local
origin, while negative values indicate West displacements.
Azimuth
The Azimuth value describes the orientation of a vertical plane onto
which the wellpath vertical section is projected. The default value for
Azimuth is 0.0 (due north).
Vertical Depth
Use the Vertical Depth cell to specify a TVD (true vertical depth)
corresponding to a given pore pressure. Between depth entries, the pore
pressure profile is constructed by linear interpolation.
The Vertical Depth cell for the first line is initialized to the depth
corresponding to MGL (mean ground level) for land wells, or the depth
corresponding to ML (mudline) for platform and subsea wells. It reflects
the System Datum set in the Project Properties dialog box and
elevation specifications set on the General tab of the Well Properties
dialog box.
Pore Pressure
Use the Pore Pressure cell to specify a pore pressure corresponding to a
TVD in the Vertical Depth cell. When a value is changed in the Pore
EMW
Use the EMW cell to specify an effective mud weight pore pressure
gradient corresponding to a TVD in the Vertical Depth cell. When a
value is changed in the EMW cell, the value in the Pore Pressure cell
value is automatically calculated, and vice versa.
Permeable Zones
The Permeable Zone cell is used in association with the external
pressure method for burst or collapse load generation. If the wellbore is
exposed to a permeable zone at the specified depth, click Yes for the
setting in this cell. When selected, the permeable zone begins at the
depth for the entry and continues until the next specified depth in the
Wellbore > Pore Pressure spreadsheet.
Note
The data entered on the Fracture Gradient spreadsheet are used as boundary
conditions in the calculation of certain external pressure profiles and to provide
default values for load cases specified in the Tubular > Burst Loads and
Tubular > Collapse Loads dialog boxes.
Vertical Depth
Use this cell to specify a TVD (True Vertical Depth) corresponding to a
given fracture pressure. Between depth entries, the fracture pressure
profile is constructed by linear interpolation. Abrupt escalations or
regressions in the fracture pressure profile can be established by
entering two depths separated by one depth unit on successive lines,
along with respective fracture pressure or EMW entries. The Vertical
Depth cell for the first line in this spreadsheet is initialized to the depth
corresponding to MGL (mean ground level) for land wells, or the depth
corresponding to ML (mudline) for platform and subsea wells. It reflects
the System Datum set on the General tab of the Project Properties
dialog box and elevation specifications on the Depth Reference tab of
the Well Properties dialog box.
Fracture Pressure
Use the Frac Pressure cell to specify a fracture pressure corresponding
to a TVD in the Vertical Depth cell. When a value is entered or changed
in the Fracture Pressure cell, the value in the EMW cell is automatically
calculated, and vice versa.
EMW
Use the EMW cell to specify an effective mud weight fracture pressure
gradient corresponding to a TVD in the Vertical Depth cell. When a
value is entered or changed in the EMW cell, the value in the Fracture
Pressure cell is automatically calculated, and vice versa.
To define a zone, the Zone TVD and Base If no specific pressures are
TVD values are required. Data is only known, then 1.0 psi/ft is
entered for TVD values, either as a used through the salt zone.
pressure or a pressure gradient/EMW.
Pressures must be specified at both the top and base of a zone. The
pressures at intermediate depths within a zone are determined by
linear interpolation.
Zone Top
Use the Zone Top TVD cell to specify the TVD (true vertical depth) to
the top of the salt zone. The portion of the string exposed to this high
collapse load is defined by the values specified for Zone Top and
Zone Base.
Zone Base
Use the Base TVD cell to specify the TVD (true vertical depth)
corresponding to the base of the salt zone. The portion of the string
exposed to this high collapse load is defined by the values specified for
Zone Top and Zone Base.
When data values are entered, calculation of those values not entered is performed.
There are three preferred methods used to specify a well profile. These
methods are used in the preceding example. These can be used in any
combination at different depths:
Note
You must use type 1 (MD-INC-AZ) as the starting type, and not INC-AZ-TVD
or INC-AZ-DLS types.
There is a fourth data entry method that cannot be mixed with the
previous three:
• Measured Depth and True Vertical depth pairs. Any attempt to mix
this type with the other types will produce a warning message.
Note
Because the MD-TVD method does not calculate dogleg severity, stress
calculations are not performed.
File format
must be ASCII
text, and it
must be
formatted as
specified
below.
The format for survey files to be imported into the Wellbore >
Wellpath Editor with this utility command are indicated below.
• The file must be tabular delimited text, and use any combination of
spaces, tabs, or commas as field delimiters.
Additional tension due to bending is superimposed onto the axial load profile
based on the maximum local value of doglegs specified on this form and the
Wellbore > Wellpath Editor spreadsheet.
Top
Use the Top cell to specify the measured depth at which the interval for
which the dogleg severity override will apply begins.
Base
Use the Base cell to specify the measured depth at which the interval for
which the dogleg severity override will apply ends.
Dogleg Severity
Use the DLS cell to specify a dogleg severity override to be used over
the measured depth interval defined by Top and Base.
Note
The DLS intervals specified in Wellbore > Dogleg Severity Overrides can overlap
intervals for which DLS and Max DLS are defined in the Wellbore > Wellpath
Editor spreadsheet. At any depth, the greater of the three will prevail in the
determination of bending stress. Dogleg Severity Overrides will be reflected, where
they prevail over other local DLS definitions (DLS or Max DLS in the Survey
Editor spreadsheet), in the View > Deviation Plots > Dogleg Severity Profile plot.
Surface Ambient
The Surface Ambient temperature for an onshore well is the temperature
at MGL. For an offshore well (select the Offshore check box in the Well
Properties dialog box), the surface ambient temperature represents the
Mudline
The Mudline temperature field displays if the Offshore check box is
selected in the Well Properties dialog box. The water temperature
profile will be linear between the surface ambient temperature at MSL
and the specified temperature at the mudline. The default mudline
temperature is 40 °F.
Temperature
The temperature at the well TD can be explicitly specified or calculated
from a gradient specification. To enter the value explicitly, select the
Temperature option and enter the temperature at the TVD
corresponding to the well TD. The well TD is specified on the
Wellbore > General > Options tab as MD, but it is displayed on this
tab as TVD for convenient reference.
Gradient
The temperature at the well TD can be calculated from a gradient or
specified explicitly. To calculate the value from a gradient, select the
Gradient option and enter the gradient value. The temperature at the
well TD is then calculated based on the gradient and the surface ambient
temperature at MGL for an onshore well, or the mudline temperature at
the mudline depth for an offshore well.
The default gradient is 1.5° F/100 ft. If the Gradient option is selected,
the calculated temperature changes with variation of temperature at the
• Influence axial load distributions for all burst and collapse loads
based on an undisturbed initial temperature and a worst-case
temperature profile.
To enter and modify more detailed data about each string, use the
commands under the Tubular menu. To view the casing scheme
graphically, use View > Well Schematic.
Note
Production load cases can only be specified for strings whose Name has been
designated as Production.
OD (Outer Diameter)
This cell has a pull-down list that has all ODs found in the pipe
inventory. If the required OD is not in this list, at least one pipe with this
OD must be added to the Tubular > Pipe Inventory spreadsheet.
Note
The StressCheck software permits the entry of tapered (multiple OD) strings.
However, tapered strings cannot be specified explicitly on this spreadsheet. To
design a tapered string, use the Tubular > String Sections spreadsheet to add
additional detail to the string design following the entry of the OD of the smallest
tapered string on the Wellbore > Casing and Tubing Scheme spreadsheet.
Name
The Name cell is used for reference and to determine applicable load
cases. For this reason, it must be selected from the choices on the
pull-down list for the cell. The available choices are Conductor, Surface,
Intermediate, Drilling, Protective, and Production. For a particular
string, you must select Production to enable most production loads on
the Tubular > Burst Loads and Tubular > Collapse Loads
dialog boxes.
Type
Use the Type cell to open a list containing casing, liner, and tieback
string types. The Type selection dictates default values used on this
spreadsheet and when selecting load cases in the Tubular > Burst
Loads and Tubular > Collapse Loads dialog boxes.
When the Casing or Tieback types are specified, the Hanger cell is
immediately assigned a default value. This feature is provided to help
ensure data consistency, but the hanger depth default can be
subsequently modified; the default hanger depth is intended to closely
approximate the depth of the wellhead.
For onshore wells, the default depth is the depth corresponding to MGL
(that is, the elevation value specified in the Project Properties dialog
box). The default depth is zero for platform wells and the mudline depth
for subsea wells. For strings of type Liner, the hanger depth cell remains
undefined until a value is entered.
Note
If the Type cell contents are modified after data is entered in the Hanger cell, the
contents of the Hanger cell may automatically change to maintain data consistency.
For example, if a casing or tieback is changed to a liner, the Hanger cell is
automatically cleared, and requires the entry of a hanger depth. Similarly, if a liner
is changed to a casing or tieback, the previously entered hanger depth is also
changed to the default wellhead depth.
Hole Size
Use the Hole Size cell to specify an open hole size greater than the
diameter specified in the OD cell. The Hole Size cell contains a
pull-down list having common bit sizes, which are specified in the Tools
> Defaults > Bit Sizes dialog box. The list of available hole sizes can be
supplemented with entries in the Bit Sizes dialog box.
This cell is disabled if Tieback is specified in the Type cell for the string,
because tiebacks are not run in open hole.
Hanger
Use the Hanger cell to specify the depth corresponding to the top of the
string. When the Casing or Tieback types are specified, the Hanger cell
is immediately assigned a default value. This feature is provided to help
ensure data consistency, but the hanger depth default may be
subsequently modified. For casing and tiebacks, the default hanger
depth is intended to closely approximate the depth of the wellhead. For
onshore wells, the default hanger depth is the depth corresponding to
MGL (that is, the elevation value specified in the Project Properties
dialog box). The default depth is zero for platform wells and the mudline
depth for subsea wells. For strings of type Liner, the Hanger cell remains
undefined until a value is entered.
Note
The contents of the Hanger cell may automatically change to maintain data
consistency if the content of the Type cell is altered. For additional information,
refer to the discussion on the Type cell.
Shoe
Use the Shoe cell to specify the depth corresponding to the base of the
casing string. For a tieback, a shoe depth must be specified that
corresponds to the hanger depth for a liner.
Note
For an uncemented string, set the TOC value equal to the string shoe depth. Do not
specify a value less than hanger depth for any string.
Mud at Shoe
Use the Mud at Shoe cell to specify the density of the mud in which the
casing string was run and cemented. This density is used to calculate a
hydrostatic external pressure profile outside the casing above TOC. It is
also used in certain burst and collapse load cases as the mud density used
during drilling below the prior string. Deteriorated mud densities can be
specified on the Tubular > Burst Loads > Options and Tubular >
Collapse Loads > Options tabs.
Note
The mud at the shoe is the mud in which the casing string was run. If a different
density fluid is used to displace the cement during the cement job, enter this fluid
on the Tubular >Initial Conditions > Cementing and Landing tab.
Well Schematic
Select View > Well Schematic to display a graphical representation that
characterizes the casing strings and other information specified on the
Wellbore > Casing and Tubing Scheme spreadsheet. This schematic
can also be displayed in any tab by selecting it from the View menu.
The Well Schematic can be plotted as a
function of either MD or TVD.
For this
example,
select the 9
5/8”
production
casing. You
can select it
by selecting
it from the
pull-down
list or by
highlighting
it on the
schematic.
To display
cement, right-
click the
schematic,
and select
Properties.
In the Well
Schematic
Properties
dialog box,
select the
Cement
check box,
and click OK.
The current casing string is highlighted in red. The name, OD, and shoe
depth are shown at the shoe of each string. Most commands found under
the Tubular menu apply only to the current string.
To select a casing string for Design or analysis, click the string section.
Alternatively, use the Wizard toolbar pull-down list of casing strings, or
select Tubular > Current String.
Fluid Density
Use the Fluid Density field to specify the density of the packer fluid. To
facilitate what-if investigations and the construction of worst-case
collapse load scenarios, the packer fluid density specified here can be
independently overridden for the production collapse load case by
selecting the Above/Below Packer check box on the Tubular >
Collapse Loads > Edit tab. The default value is 8.60 ppg
(seawater density).
Packer Depth
Use the Packer Depth field to enter the measured depth the packer will
be set in a production casing or liner. The default value is the well depth
specified on the Wellbore > General > Options tab.
Perforation Depth, MD
Use the Perforation Depth field to enter the measured depth of the
perforations. The default value is the well depth specified on the
Wellbore > General > Options tab.
Gas Gravity
Select Gas Gravity to use it as the means for gas density
characterization. When Gas Gravity is used, a temperature-dependent
and pressure-dependent compressibility factor is determined based on a
simple gas composition for the specified gravity. This compressibility
factor is used to calculate a gas density profile and surface pressure if the
Tubing Leak load case is selected in the Tubular > Burst Loads dialog
box. The default value of 0.70 is used for gas gravity.
Gas/Oil Gradient
When Gas/Oil Gradient is selected as the means for gas density
characterization, the specified gradient is used to calculate the surface
pressure when the Tubing Leak load case is selected on the Tubular >
Burst Loads > Edit tab. The default value of 0.1 psi/ft is used for the
gas/oil gradient.
Setting Up Tabs
Tabs allow you to view text and graphical data in multiple window
layers. These results may be organized in logical groups. Select the
Tools > Tabs dialog box to set up Tabs.
Tabs can be created, deleted, renamed, and ordered from the Tabs
dialog box on the View menu.
The Lock Tab check box disables the Delete and Rename buttons and
places a small Lock icon on the tab. After a tab is locked, the contents
of the view cannot be changed. Any user can unlock a locked tab.
• Alternatively, you can drag the vertical splitter bar into position
using the mouse.
Use Tubular > Design Parameters > Design Factor to specify tubular
design factors and analysis options. This data is used in the definition of
load cases and in the control of design and analysis logic.
Min Internal
Drift diameter
defaults based
on the next hole
OD defined in
Select these Wellbore >
options for this Casing and
section of the Tubing
training. Scheme.
No pipe with a
Min Internal
Drift diameter
smaller than the
value shown
here will be
Design parameters are defined for the Current String, and can therefore
be specified independently for each string defined in the Casing Scheme
spreadsheet. To change the currently selected string, use Tubular >
Current String or the Select String pull-down list on the
Wizard toolbar.
Select the Tubular > Initial Conditions dialog box to define initial
conditions for the current string to be used with load cases selected in
the Tubular > Burst Loads, Tubular > Collapse Loads, and
Tubular > Axial Loads (service loads only) dialog boxes. You
can define:
This data is used to define load cases, determine the initial state of the
casing, and dictate design and analysis logic.
Tubular > Burst Loads > Select, Tubular > Collapse Loads > Select,
and Tubular > Axial Loads > Select tabs.
Initial conditions are entered on a per string basis.
The Tubular > Initial Conditions > Cement and Landing tab is
always accessible from the Wizard List by using the Tubular > Initial
Conditions dialog box.
Fields
Mix-Water Density
Enter the density of the mix-water used to prepare lead and (if selected)
tail cement slurries for single-stage primary cementation of the current
string. This fluid density is used in the formulation of certain burst- and
collapse-load external profiles over cemented intervals (for example,
Mud and Cement Mix-Water, and Permeable Zones). The default value
for Mix-Water Density is 8.33 ppg.
The default value for lead slurry density is 15.8 ppg (neat API Class
G cement).
The Tail Slurry Length field is disabled if this check box is not
selected.
The Tail Slurry Length field is disabled if the Tail Slurry Density
check box is not selected.
Float Failed
If the Float Failed check box is selected, the differential pressure
normally developed across the float collar (due to the hydrostatic
disequilibrium between fluids inside and outside the casing) will instead
be held as a casing back-pressure at the surface in order to prevent
U-tubing of cement back inside the casing from the annulus.
Pickup Force
Select the Pickup Force option to enter a pickup force. Pickup force is
the incremental upward force (above static string weight) applied to the
casing string at the surface before landing the string in a slip-type casing
hanger within the wellhead. Applied after the cement has hardened, the
pickup force results in increased tension above the TOC depth, as
specified for the current string in the Casing Scheme spreadsheet. The
axial load profile below the TOC remains unchanged by a pickup force
specification. The force is only considered in axial design when the
Service Loads check box is selected on the Tubular > Axial Loads >
Select tab.
table, including the required pickup load to eliminate buckling for the
selected individual load case.
To specify a pickup force, select the Pickup Force option and enter the
required upward force.
Note
Pickup force, as defined in this dialog box, is only considered in axial design when
the Service Loads check box is selected on the Tubular > Axial Loads > Select
tab. The pickup force is independent of the Applied Force defined in the Pre-
Cement Static Load in the Tubular > Axial Loads > Select tab.
Slackoff Force
Select the Slackoff Force option to enter a slackoff force. Slackoff force
is a reduction to the current-string axial load profile, immediately after
cementing, by lowering of the casing before landing in the wellhead
assembly. This force results in reduced tension both above and below
the TOC depth, as specified for the current string in the Wellbore >
Casing and Tubing Scheme spreadsheet.
Note
The StressCheck™ software does not model the movement of uncemented tiebacks
in PBRs. Nevertheless, if the Buckling check box is selected in the Tubular >
Design Parameters dialog box, the effect of slackoff force on buckling above the
TOC only can be evaluated for a particular load case using the View > Tabular
Results > Triaxial Results table. To specify a slackoff force, select the Slackoff
Force option and enter the required reduction in axial force.
strings, use Tubular > Current String or the Select String pull-down
list on the Wizard toolbar.
Note
If you are copying temperature data from another source, be sure to verify whether
the data is based on MD or TVD. Before you copy the data into this tab, be sure you
have selected the correct option for MD or TVD.
Select the Tubular > Tool Passage dialog box to determine the
maximum tool length for a specified tool OD, such that the tool (when
considered as a rigid body) can freely pass through the casing (based on
drift diameter) at the depth of greatest casing curvature. Alternatively,
tools of a specified OD and length can be entered to determine whether
they will pass through the casing under load conditions described in the
design load cases. The severity of bending and buckling can have an
effect on the ability of future tubulars to be freely run in the existing
casing or liner.
Enter the OD
of the tool.
The View > Tabular Results > Tool Passage Summary In this example, a 3.5” OD tool that is
table displays the tool passage data entered in the Tool 100 ft long cannot pass in the well at
Passage dialog box. The results reported in this tabular 10,400 ft. The maximum tool length
summary are dynamic when Tool Passage Summary is that can pass through this section is
the current view and then the Tool Passage dialog box is 63.40 ft.
opened and data are entered or edited.
Results are displayed as they are entered if the View > Tabular
Results > Tool Passage Summary window is open before using the
Tubular > Tool Passage dialog box.
The Tubular > Burst Loads dialog box has several tabs to define burst
loads that will serve as the basis for the current string’s burst design. The
design load line is determined from the aggregate worst-case burst
loading as a function of depth, with design factors and temperature
deration of minimum yield strength considered for all selected
burst loads.
Load case data specified in this dialog box are for the current string only.
Load cases must be selected and specified independently for each string
entered in the Wellbore > Casing and Tubing Scheme spreadsheet. To
change strings, use the Tubular > Current String command or the
Select String pull-down list on the Wizard toolbar. The Burst Loads
dialog box always appears in the Wizard list.
The Tubular > Burst Loads dialog box has several tabs for defining
these data and viewing pressure profile results.
Selecting the Design Burst Loads and the External Pressure Profile
Use the Tubular > Burst Loads > Select tab to select the burst loads
you want to use in the design.
Production
loads can
Drilling be selected
loads can only if the
be casing
selected if name is
the production.
casing
shoe is This method
shallower will be used
than the for all the
well TD. burst load
cases if a
Single
External
All the
Pressure
burst
Profile is
loads are
selected on
discussed
the Tubular
in detail in
> Design
the online
Parameters
help
> Analysis
system.
Options tab.
BHA
dimensions
are used to
calculate
bubble height
as the kick is
circulated out
of the well. The gas gravity and equivalent pressure
gradient in psi at the depth of the influx is based
on the Redlich-Kwong equation of state.
Pressure test load cases from any liner can be shared. Tubing or tieback
pressure test load cases cannot be shared.
The Multiple tab displays a list of other strings (liners) having pressure
test loads that may apply to the current string. After a pressure test load
is associated to the current string other tabs, such as Edit,
Temperature, Plot and Option, will support the new pressure test load.
From the Multiple Tab, you can view details of a pressure test load
internal pressure profile and overlapped pressure profile intervals, and
can select an external pressure profile.
The pressure tests are named based on the source string name and type.
Each pressure test load is named by the string OD, function of the string,
and the load type (pressure test).
Constraints
Note how overlapping strings and user-defined temperature data are
handled for multiple loads:
calculate the differential pressure. In this example, the Mud & Cement
Mix Water profile is used.
the Geothermal Gradient dialog box. You can only edit temperature
data if you select the User-entered option.
Note
If you are copying temperature data from another source, be sure to verify whether
the data is based on MD or TVD. Before you copy the data into this tab, be sure you
have selected the correct option for MD or TVD.
The View > Burst Plots > Pressure Profiles and View > Burst Plots >
Differential Pressures plots characterize the internal and external
pressure profiles as a function of either MD or TVD for all selected burst
and custom burst load cases.
Drilling
loads can be
selected if the Production
casing shoe loads can be
is shallower selected if the
than the well casing name is
TD. production.
Five methods of
calculating
external
pressure profiles
are included for
collapse design.
All the collapse loads are discussed in detail in the online help system.
Most production collapse load cases can only be selected for production
strings (those strings in the Wellbore > Casing and Tubing Scheme
• Cementing drilling collapse load case can be selected for all strings.
Note
The Cementing drilling collapse load case and the Gas Migration production
collapse load case have self-described external pressure profiles, and are unaffected
by the Single External Pressure Profile option and external pressure profile
selections. The external pressure profile for collapse Custom load cases is entirely
user-defined, and is similarly unaffected.
The Internal Profiles list box contains the names of the selected load
cases. As load cases are enabled and disabled, this list box updates
automatically, and the currently selected load case is highlighted.
The design load line on this plot is the same as (and always consistent
with) the design load line on the collapse View > Design Plots >
Collapse plot. This plot is used for interactive graphical design and
visual comparison of current-string API collapse rating with design
collapse loads.
The design load line for collapse represents the maximum design
collapse pressure as a function of depth based on consideration of all
selected collapse and custom collapse load cases for the current string,
and after the following adjustments:
The actual load line for collapse represents the maximum actual
differential pressure (effective collapse pressure due to effect of internal
pressure on collapse resistance) as a function of depth based on the load
case or cases that dominate in construction of the design load line.
Select the Tubular > Axial Loads > Select tab to enable or disable axial
loads against which the current string is evaluated. To enable the load
case, select the corresponding check boxes. After they are enabled, the
load case variables, such as overpull force or casing running speed, can
be edited.
• A pressure test performed when bumping the plug while the cement
is in its fluid state, creating a large piston force
In addition, you can include in the axial design all the axial load profiles
resulting from the burst and collapse load cases by selecting the Service
Loads check box on the Tubular > Axial Load > Select tab.
All of the axial loads are discussed in detail in the online help.
List of existing
custom load cases.
Important!
This dialog box has no Cancel button, so any changes made through this dialog box
cannot be undone. Pressing Esc instead of clicking Close writes all your changes to
the catalog, but the currently selected custom load is not activated.
Click Close to
close the dialog box
and begin editing
load data.
internal profile and the Mud and Cement Mix-Water external profile)
satisfy design requirements.
Custom load profiles can be selected as burst, collapse, and axial service
loads from the Tubular > Burst Loads > Custom and Tubular >
Collapse Loads > Custom tabs, respectively. Custom loads are only
considered as axial service loads when the Service Loads check box is
selected on the Tubular > Axial Loads > Select tab. They are also taken
into account in triaxial and minimum cost design.
Loads are defined on a per string basis; therefore, different loads can be
defined for each string in the Wellbore > Casing and Tubing Scheme
spreadsheet. To change strings, use the Tubular > Current String
command or the Select String pull-down list on the Wizard toolbar.
Specify and edit numerous custom loads by using the Select Custom
Load pull-down list and custom load buttons on the Template toolbar.
line entry. The relationship between MD and TVD for the current well
can be reviewed by using the Deviation Profile table.
Even though depths are entered on a MD-basis, the pressure data are
interpolated and extrapolated on a TVD-basis (a reasonable convention,
because almost all pressure loads applied to casing strings are
hydrostatic in nature). If an extrapolated pressure value is less than zero,
it is assigned the value zero.
Select the
desired custom
load case.
The temperature profile for a particular load case can also be viewed as
a plot using Burst Plots > Temperature Profiles.
Note
If you are copying temperature data from another source, be sure to verify whether
the data is based on MD or TVD. Before you copy the data into this tab, be sure you
have selected the correct option for MD or TVD.
Since a pipe section has been created, two lines are shown. One line is
the burst design load line, and the other line is the burst pipe rating line.
Note
The Burst Design plot does not reflect the implications for burst design integrity of
connection selections for string sections in the current string. After a pipe-body
design is performed, the effect of connection selections on design integrity can be
assessed directly in the Tubular > Connections spreadsheet.
Note
The pipe rating line does not appear until you have created a pipe section.
Double-click anywhere on the design plot to create a pipe section.
2. Click and drag the rating line toward the load line.
3. Release the button when the rating line begins to intersect the load
line (that is, the safety factor equals the design factor at the
intersection point).
The basic premise of graphical design is that pipe with a lower rating is
probably more economical. Designs with a rating line close to the load
line are usually more economical.
The pipe
selection was
changed and
the burst criteria
is still met.
Two lines are shown: the collapse design load line and the collapse pipe
rating line. When the design load line remains to the left of the pipe
rating line, the design for collapse is taken to be acceptable based on the
current string’s collapse design criteria.
3. Move the rating line until you satisfy the design criteria as
described on “Modifying a Pipe Section” on page 7-6.
The View > Axial Plots > Load Profiles > The View > Axial Plots > Service Load
Apparent w/Bending plot shows the axial Profiles > Apparent w/Bending plot
load profile for each axial load case illustrates how this Service Loads Profile is
selected for the current string. The constructed. It is formed from the absolute
aggregate Service Loads Profile is maximum values of axial load produced by
included if the Service Loads check box is the pressure effects of the burst and
selected on the Tubular > Axial Loads > collapse load cases selected for the
Select tab. current string.
• All apparent and actual axial load cases are displayed for the
current string, including the aggregate service load profile (if
Service Loads is a selected axial load case), burst load cases, and
collapse load cases
• Buckling (if the Buckling check box is selected on the Tubular >
Design Parameters > Analysis Options tab)
Each effect may apply to the individual burst or collapse case specific
service load profiles and yield the maximum service load line when
adjusted with design factors for temperature deration and taken in
the aggregate.
The apparent and actual axial load cases include the effects of:
• Buckling (if the Buckling check box is selected on the Tubular >
Design Parameters > Analysis Options tab)
Each effect may apply to the individual burst or collapse service load
case. This plot explicitly traces the concatenation of service load profile
segments used to construct this composite profile plot.
Plot data is derived from either the Tubular > Design Parameters >
Design Factors tab, or from the alternate design factors specified for
each respective load case on the Tubular > Burst Loads > Options or
Tubular > Collapse Loads > Options tabs. This plot is provided to
facilitate user insight into the process by which this Service Loads
profile plot is determined. This concatenation of service load profile
segments, as a function of depth, corresponds to the service load line
segments that define the composite maximum load line that can be
traced in the View > Axial Plots > Service Load Profiles plot.
Burst and collapse considerations control most For this string selection,
Designs. If an adjustment is necessary based both axial and triaxial
on axial or triaxial design, it can be made from design meet the criteria.
the Axial Design plot.
The axial design load line and the axial pipe rating line are displayed on
this plot. When the design load line remains to the left of the pipe rating
line, the design for tension and compression is taken to be acceptable
based on the current string’s axial design criteria.
Default temperature profiles for the axial running and installation are
used to determine MYS deration for each load case selected on the
Tubular > Axial Loads > Select tab. Default or user-entered
temperature profiles for service loads are determined using the
Tubular > Burst Loads > Select, Tubular > Burst Loads > Custom,
Tubular > Collapse Loads > Select, or Tubular > Collapse Loads >
Custom tabs. For service loads, the temperature profile for each
selected burst or collapse load (including custom loads) can be specified
and reviewed on the Tubular > Burst Loads > Temperature or
Tubular > Collapse Loads > Temperature tab, and can be viewed on
the burst and collapse temperature profile plots.
In the StressCheck software, the local tension loading for service loads
is based on the actual axial load distribution for all selected burst and
collapse service load cases (including custom loads). It includes the
effect of temperature change, ballooning due to burst pressure or reverse
ballooning due to collapse pressure, piston forces due to end areas, area
changes, plugs, wellbore deviation, and pickup or slackoff loads
specified on the Tubular > Initial Conditions > Cementing and
Landing tab. TOC depth is specified in the Wellbore > Casing and
Tubing Scheme spreadsheet.
Note
The Axial Design plot does not reflect the implications for axial design integrity of
connection selections for string-sections in the current string. After a pipe-body
design is performed, the effect of connection selections on design integrity can be
assessed directly in the Tubular > Connections spreadsheet.
Because the
design load
line is to the
left of the pipe
rating line, the
design for
triaxial
loading is
acceptable.
Two lines are shown: the triaxial design load line and the triaxial pipe
rating line (that is, the minimum yield strength for each string section).
When the design load line remains to the left of the pipe rating line, the
design for triaxial loading is taken to be acceptable based on the triaxial-
design-criteria for the current string.
The triaxial design load line reflects the maximum state of combined
loading experienced by the casing as a function of depth, based on the
current-string load cases selected in the Burst Loads, Collapse Loads,
and Axial Loads dialog boxes. All effects considered in the formulation
of their respective unfactored load lines—temperature deration, as with
the burst, collapse, and axial design plots—is considered as an
adjustment to the factored triaxial load line. The triaxial design factor is
specified in the Design Parameters dialog box. When different (that is,
alternate) triaxial design factors are specified for selected burst,
collapse, axial, and axial service-load cases in the Options tab of the
Load Case dialog box, the design factor reflected in the triaxial design
load line may vary with depth as a function of the load case having local
control over triaxial design.
The constant ratings shown in this plot correspond to the minimum yield
strength values specified in the Pipe Inventory spreadsheet for the one
or more pipes listed in the String Sections spreadsheet for the current
string. Showing the effect of MYS temperature deration on the design
load line allows the triaxial rating lines to remain constant (that is,
vertical), and they can be more easily manipulated with a mouse. A
string section that meets all pipe-body triaxial design criteria has a pipe
rating line that is at all points (over the string section length) to the right
of the design load line. Again, reduction in effective yield strength for
MYS temperature deration is shown by increasing the load line, and not
by decreasing the rating line.
Each vertical section of the pipe rating line represents a different string
section. String sections can be created, deleted, or modified by clicking,
pointing, and dragging the rating line. Changes made to the
current-string’s design by manipulating the load line and/or the pipe
rating line(s) are reflected on the Burst, Collapse, and Axial design plots
as well as in the current-string’s String Sections and Connections
spreadsheets, and vice versa.
Note
This plot does not reflect the implications for design integrity of connection
selections for string section in the current string. After a pipe-body design is
performed, the effect of connection selections on design integrity can be assessed
directly in the Connections spreadsheet.
All load cases for the upper string are within the uniaxial design criteria
and also the triaxial design envelope.
Note
To view data for another string section, select the string from
the Wizard.
Modify a Design
The Tubular > String Sections spreadsheet allows you to manually
modify an existing design or enter a design you would like to check
using the StressCheck software. A cost summary is displayed on
this spreadsheet.
The current depths, ODs, weights, and grades can be changed from this
spreadsheet. Any changes made here are reflected in the design plots
and vice versa.
You can also analyze a specific string rather than allowing the
StressCheck software to suggest a string. First, you must delete any
strings that may already exist. Then, you must enter the string you want
to analyze.
To create a Tapered String, enter another section, and then enter the
depth at which the second section starts. Specify the weight and grade
of the new string.
You can view the results by selecting View > Tabular Results >
Compression Load Check.
Note
The compression load check results reflect values for a vertical well even if the well
being analyzed is a deviated well. Therefore, the results are always the
maximum values.
Use the Tubular > Minimum Cost > Parameters tab to specify basic
minimum-cost solution constraints.
Note
The StressCheck defaults for the cost of K-55 steel and the related grade-specific
cost factors are based on information available at the time of release and may not
accurately reflect grade-related differences in the cost of plain-end casing. The costs
for oil-country tubular goods (OCTGs) are determined, in general, within the
context of a commodity- and inventory-driven marketplace. The baseline cost for
plain-end K-55 casing, as well as the default cost factors found in the Tools >
Defaults > Cost Factor dialog box, should be validated against your understanding
of prevailing casing costs within your organization.
Select the Tubular > Minimum Cost > Design tab to select regions of
the API design envelope and triaxial design ellipse within which
minimum-cost design solutions must reside.
The API design envelope is bounded by the burst limit state at the top;
the compression and tension limit states to left and right, respectively;
and the collapse limit state at the bottom. The triaxial design ellipse is
bounded by the projected Von Mises failure surface for the minimum
yield limit state.
Gray-shaded areas within either the API design envelope or the triaxial
design ellipse indicate portions of either or both design regions that you
selected as legitimate domains for evolution of minimum cost designs.
Note
The design domain is of a generalized form; that is, no burst, collapse, axial, or
triaxial design factors are explicitly stated. Design factors used in association with
minimum-cost design within the selected design domain are specified in the Design
Parameters dialog box, or on the Options tab for each selected load case in the
Burst Loads, Collapse Loads, or Axial Loads dialog boxes.
Status of the
cost search
is displayed.
You can monitor the progress of the minimum-cost search, and cancel
or end the search at any time.
The Tubular > String Sections spreadsheet is first used to fully define
the geometry, unit weight, and strength characteristics for the current
string. The Tubular > Connections spreadsheet is the companion that
is subsequently used to specify corresponding API or proprietary
(premium) connection type, associated properties, and to assess the
suitability of the selections face-to-face connection design criteria for
burst and axial loads.
Note
Minimum Cost or Triaxial Design does not take into account any connections. The
suitability of API and premium connections must be confirmed and checked
separately here.
The View > Input Data Tables submenu contains commands for
displaying tables summarizing the data found on all dialog boxes on the
Wellbore and Tubular menus, and permits the export to other
documents, as OLE objects, of dialog box-specific user-entered data.
Tabular Results
Tabular
Results
submenu
This summary is a subset of the View > Tabular Results > Well
Summary table. It includes the name of the current string plus the OD,
weight, grade, connection type, depth interval, drift diameter, minimum
burst, and collapse, axial, and triaxial safety factors. It also includes the
cost for each string section, and the total cost for the string.
Safety factors greater than 100 are not reported. Instead, “+100” is
displayed. Safety factors can be displayed as either absolute (rating
divided by applied load) or normalized (absolute divided by the
appropriate design factor).
specifying either one as a preferred safety factor by using the Tools >
Options dialog box.
Connection ratings for API casing couplings are calculated by using the
formulations in API Bulletin 5C3. Ratings for proprietary premium
connections are specified on the Tubular > Special Connections
spreadsheet. Many premium connections commonly used are included
in the Special Connections library, and can be exported directly to the
Tubular > Special Connections spreadsheet.
Note
There are two main ways of creating a casing design report, including:
These reports can be displayed using the Print Preview command and
printed using the Print command. Reports are customized using the three
tabs shown below.
Select the Tools > Reports > Contents tab to add content to the report.
The Add Contents dialog box opens. Here, you can select the content
to include in the report.
After all content is selected in the Add Contents dialog box, configure
the report as needed by reordering and/or removing items.
Select the Tools > Reports > Options tab to set options for pagination,
display of string data, and the page orientation.
Multiple pages of the report can be viewed, and you can click any of the
pages to zoom in and view a single page.
To print the currently selected item, click Print on the toolbar (you may
also click Close and then select File > Print).
If there is data mismatch, your instructor will assist you by either troubleshooting or providing
you with the clean data set.
During the course, your instructor will guide you through the exercises and assist with any
questions that may arise.
The exercises in this book are designed to familiarize you with the
StressCheck software. All of the exercises analyze a single Well.
1. Create a new unit system called “Oilfield API” based on the API unit
system. Change the Oilfield API mud weight units to psi/ft. Select
the API unit system tab. What API unit is used for Force? Select the
API unit system as the Active Viewing Unit System.
3. Create ten new tabs, and rename the existing default tab. Name the
tabs: Work, Schem, Path, Pore and Frac, Design, String and
Connection, Min ASF, Burst, Collapse, Axial, and Triaxial.
• Pore and Frac: Split the pane vertically, then assign as follows:
5. Add additional bit sizes, if they do not already exist: 7”, 8.25”,
14.75”, 33”, and 42”.
Note
Throughout the remainder of the exercises, if a Change History dialog box appears,
click Save. Optional: to deactivate the display of the Change History Updates
dialog box:
Select this
check box to
disable the
display of the
Change
History
dialog box.
4 Alternatively, to turn off the Change History Updates dialog box, activate the
Do not show this message again check box in the lower left corner of the
dialog box. If you want to activate the Change History Updates dialog box
later, perform steps 1 through 3 above, but deselect the Do not display change
history update window check box.
Exercise 2 Answers
1. To create a new unit system called “Oilfield API” that is based on the
API unit system:
a) Select Tools > Unit System to open the Unit Systems Editor
dialog box.
b) Click New to open the New Unit System dialog box. Enter
Oilfield API as the name of the new unit system. Select API
from the Template pick-list to use the API unit set as the basis
for the new unit system, and then click OK to return to the Unit
Systems Editor dialog box.
c) Select Mud Weight from the Class list. Select psi/ft from the
Select Unit list. Do not click OK at this stage.
Select psi/ft
(psi per foot)
Select Mud from the
Weight from Select Unit
the Class list.
column.
d) Select the API unit system tab. The Class unit Force displayed
that corresponds to the API unit system is lbf, while the Active
Viewing System is “Oilfield API”.
Select
Force Notice
from the that lbf is
Class the unit
column. assigned
to Force.
e) Select API from the Active Viewing Unit System pick-list, and
then click OK.
Select API
from the Active
Viewing Unit
System
pick-list, and
then click OK.
2. Make the required selections in the Tools > Options dialog box.
Select to display
depths as MD.
3. Select Tools > Tabs. Create new tabs, and then rename them
as specified.
a) The Work tab is a working tab, and the contents will change
during the execution of the steps in each exercise.
Note
c) Select the Pore and Frac tab, and then split the tab in
vertical panes.
Click the title bar of each view (the active default view displays as
dark blue), and then assign the view with the following
menu commands:
Left pane: Wellbore > Pore Pressure
Right pane: Wellbore > Fracture Gradient
5. Select Tools > Defaults > Bit Sizes. The default values you supply
are used to construct the drop-down list in the Casing Scheme
spreadsheet’s Hole Size cell. In general, you only use this feature to
add commonly used bit sizes. Click OK to apply any changes and
dismiss the dialog box.
6. Select File > Save to save the E3SOP1 Design, and then select
File > Close to close the Design.
3. Review and update the casing scheme by using Wellbore > Casing
and Tubing Scheme and the following data:
Note
• Values for the Shoe Depth and Mud at Shoe are rounded up.
• Values for the Top of Cement will be updated.
• The 7” Production Casing will become a Production Liner; therefore, the
9 5/8” will be changed to Production Casing type.
OD(in) /Type/Name Hole Size Hanger Shoe (ft) TOC (ft) Mud at
(in) (ft) Shoe (ppg)
4. Copy the pore pressure data from the Excel spreadsheet titled
porefrac.xls. Your instructor will provide this file. Insert the rows
above any existing rows in Wellbore > Pore Pressure with the data
provided in the Excel spreadsheet.
5. Copy the fracture gradient data from the Excel spreadsheet titled
porefrac.xls. Copy over any existing rows in Wellbore > Fracture
Gradient with the data provided in the Excel spreadsheet.
Note
You can input either pressure or EMW and the StressCheck software
calculates the other. In the porefrac.xls spreadsheet, pressure is blank, and the
StressCheck software calculates the pore and frac pressure values based
on EMW.
Hint
9. Select Wellbore > Production Data, and specify packer fluid and
placement. The Well is perforated at 16,100 ft MD with a packer at
15,200 ft MD. The completion fluid is water with a density of
8.6 ppg. Assume the Well will produce gas with a gradient of
0.1000 psi/ft.
Exercise 3 Answers
1. In the Well Explorer, navigate to the E3S0 Well, and then
double-click on the E3SOP1 Design to open it.
2. Select Wellbore > General to specify the Well depth and azimuth.
The Well depth is 16,330 ft MD. The Azimuth is 33 degrees.
Note
4. In the Excel spreadsheet, highlight the rows you want to copy and
press Ctrl-C. Select Wellbore > Pore Pressure, place the cursor in
the first row left cell, and then press Ctrl-V to paste the rows.
5. In the Excel spreadsheet, highlight the rows you want to copy and
press Ctrl-C. Select Wellbore > Fracture Gradient, place the
cursor in the first row left cell, and then press Ctrl-V to paste
the rows.
7. Select Wellbore > Wellpath Editor, and then select File >
Import > Wellpath to open the Import Wellpath File dialog box.
Navigate to the location of the “E3S0P1_Wellpath for EDM
training.txt” file, select it, and then click Open. Review the
imported wellpath data.
Alternatively, you can copy and paste data into the Wellpath Editor.
The following rules associated with copy/paste of wellpath data can
be found in the “Wellpath (Import)” topic of StressCheck Help:
• The file must be tabular delimited text that uses using any
combination of spaces, tabs, or commas as field delimiters.
Note
EDM Data Transfer File imports are not supported from paths or file names
that contain apostrophes. Make sure you do not use apostrophes in file names
or directory names.
2. Select Tubular > Design Parameters and specify the following for
each tab:
Axial Axial
Collapse 1.000
Triaxial 1.250
(1)
14.8 ppg is used so the ECD does not exceed the fracture gradient while
displacing cement slurry.
(2)
Do not apply pickup or slackoff forces.
4. Select the Tubular > Burst Loads > Select tab, and specify the
following burst loads for the 9 5/8” string. Then, select the Edit tab
to specify the burst loads details (the pick-list in the Edit tab
controls which parameters are displayed). Use the default values
unless otherwise specified.
Internal Profile
Gas Kick Profile Influx depth at section TD, 50 bbl influx, with 0.5
ppg kick intensity, 11.0 ppg maximum mud weight,
0.7 kick gas gravity, 0 ppg fracture margin of error,
5” drill pipe, and 1,000 ft of 6.75” collars
Drill Ahead Hanger Depth, 30 ft, TOC Depth, MD, 10,750 ft,
Shoe Depth, MD, 14,620 ft, MW Next Hole Section,
11.0 ppg, ECD, 0.30 ppg
Note: Click Yes if prompted to copy Drill Ahead
data from Burst to Collapse load.
External Profile
5. Select the Tubular > Collapse Loads > Select tab, and specify the
following collapse loads for the 9 5/8” string. Then, select the Edit
tab to specify the collapse loads details (the pick-list in the Edit tab
controls which parameters are displayed). Use the default values
unless otherwise specified.
Internal Profile
Lost Returns with Lost Returns Depth, 15,784.9 ft, Mud Weight,
Mud Drop 11 ppg
Drill Ahead Hanger Depth, 30 ft, TOC Depth, MD, 10,750 ft,
(Collapse) Shoe Depth, MD, 14,620 ft, MW Next Hole Section,
11.0 ppg, ECD, 0.30 ppg
External Profile
6. Select Tubular > Axial Loads > Select tab, and then specify the
following axial loads:
Hint
What is the expected mud level (during Lost Return with Mud
Drop scenario)?
Hint
Exercise 4 Answers
1. Select Tubular > Current String to select the casing string to
design. Alternatively, select the string from the Wizard.
Coupling Design
factors use pipe
body Design factors
if coupling Design
factor fields
are empty.
Select the
Temperature tab to
view the initial
Temperature Profile
of the string.
The default values
correspond to the
undisturbed
Temperature Profile.
4. Select Tubular > Burst Loads to designate burst loads for the
9 5/8” string.
A check box is
associated with
each load case you
want to use.
Details of each
load case are
specified by using
the Edit tab.
The selected External Profile will be used for all burst loads because
the Single External Pressure Profile check box is selected on the
Tubular > Design Parameters > Analysis Options tab.
Select the
Displacement
to Gas load
from the drop-
down list, and
enter data as
specified to
define the load
case.
Select the
Gas Kick
Profile load
from the drop-
down list, and
enter data as
specified to
define the
load case.
Select the
Tubing Leak
load from the
drop-down list,
and review the
load case
values.
Select the
Injection
Down Casing
load from the
drop-down
list, and enter
data as
specified to
define the
load case.
Select the
Green Cement
Pressure Test
load from the
drop-down list,
enter 1000 psi
Test Pressure,
and then review
the other load
case values.
Click Yes if
prompted to
copy Drill
Ahead data
from Burst
load to
Collapse
load.
Select the
Fluid
Gradients w/
Pore Pressure
load from the
drop-down list,
and review the
load case
values.
Click OK to
apply changes
and close the
dialog box.
Select the
Full/Partial
Evacuation
load case
from the drop-
down list, and
enter data as
specified to
define the
load case.
Select the
Cementing load
from the drop-
down list and
review the
default data for
this load case.
Select the
Lost Returns
with Mud
Drop load
from the drop-
down list and
enter data as
specified to
define the load
case.
Select the
Above/Below
Packer load from
the pull-down list,
and enter data as
specified to
define the load
case.
Click OK to
apply changes
and close the
dialog box.
Click OK to apply
changes and close
the dialog box.
7. Press Ctrl-S and then select File > Close to save and close the
E3SOP1 Design.
Select File > Open, select the E3SOP1 Design, and click OK.
The Lost
Returns with
Mud Drop load
displays 1958 ft
as the calculated
mud drop.
8. To perform the Graphical Design, divide the Design tab into four
panes (select Window > Split), and enable a simultaneous view of
multiple plots. Starting with top left to top right, then lower left to
lower right, select View > Design Plots > Burst, View > Design
Plots > Collapse, View > Design Plots > Axial, and View >
Design Plots > Triaxial. (Close the Well Explorer to maximize the
view area.)
To view the pipe rating and grade, place the cursor over the
Pipe Rating line, and click the left mouse button. The pipe
size, weight, and grade is displayed in the status bar.
a) Select the String and Connection tab, and split the tab into two
horizontal panes.
Hint
Double-click the horizontal splitter in the upper right corner of the main
view area, or drag the horizontal splitter bar to the desired location to
adjust the viewing area.
The top pane (String Sections table) displays the default pipe
selected, 9 5/8”, 53.50 ppg, Q-125 grade, with a cost
of $437,116.
c) From the String and Connection tab, edit the String Sections
and Connections tables as follows:
Notice that the 9 5/8”, 53.50 ppg, L-80, LTC connection is under
designed for the specified design criteria. Connection Safety Factor
(Abs) = *1.25 (the asterisk indicates the Connection Safety Factor (Abs)
is less than the minimum Allowable Safety Factor (Design Factor).
Select the Design tab. Notice that changes made in the String
and Connection tab are automatically applied to all Design
plots.
Select the Min ASF tab. Select View > Tabular Results > Min
Safety Factors.
Select the Design tab. On the Triaxial Design plot, drag the
horizontal line of the Pipe Yield Strength line upward until the
Design Load Line is to the left of the Pipe Yield Strength line as
shown below.
Select Edit > Import from Catalog, and then select VAM TOP
from the list of catalogs on the left side of the dialog box. With the
VAM TOP catalog selected, highlight (select) the VAM TOP, 9 5/8”,
53.50 ppg, L-80 connector.
Select VAM
TOP special
connections
inventory
catalog.
Select
(highlight)
the VAM
TOP 9 5/8”,
53.50 ppg,
L-80
connection
.
Note
The red shading of the Special Connections listings indicates that there is no pipe
of the same size, weight, and grade in the Pipe Inventory.
Select the String and Connection tab. Replace the LTC connection
Type with VAM TOP.
4. How much was saved on the cost compared to the initial Q-125,
BTC solution?
Exercise 5 Answers
1. In the Tubular > Minimum Cost dialog box, enter parameters as
seen below, and then click OK. Refer to online help for further
information.
2. Select Tools > Default > Cost Factors. Change the T-95 grade cost
factor to 1.60, and then click OK.
Notice that the connector table inputs are reset to undefined after
executing Minimum Cost.
b) Yes, based on the Design plots, all design load lines are to the left
of the pipe rating lines.
Select the Work tab, and then open the View > Triaxial
Check > Design Limits plot. Notice that all loads are within the
unibiaxial/triaxial limits.
Select the Min ASF tab. Although the design satisfies the design
criteria, using BTC connections weakens the design because the
burst safety factor is connection critical, and the possibility of a
connection leak increases.
d) Select the Work tab, then select the View > Triaxial Check >
Design Limits plot. Right-click the plot and select In-House
Connection Test Data to open the Maximize dialog box.
Press Ctrl-A,
then press Ctrl-C
to copy the
contents of the
text file into the
Windows
clipboard.
Select the top left editable table cell on the Maximize dialog
box, then click Paste.
Click Paste to
add the
contents of the
Windows
clipboard into
the dialog box.
Click OK to apply the test data to the Design plot. You can then
compare the load distribution against the connection
test envelope.
Note
1. Select the Schem tab, and split the tab into two horizontal panes. On
the top pane, select Wellbore > Casing and Tubing Scheme. On the
bottom pane, select View > Well Schematic. Configure the Well
schematic to show the title, cement, tapered string, reference depths,
fluid, casing float shoes, the TOC for liners and casing strings, top
of the liner, and non-deviated. Change the title of the schematic to
StressCheck Training.
Hint
2. Split the Burst and Collapse tabs into four equal panes each.
Populate these panes (starting with top left to top right, then lower
left to lower right) with the View > Burst Plots and View >
Collapse Plots as follows: Differential Pressures, Load Line,
Pressure Profiles, and Temperature Profiles, respectively.
3. Select the Axial tab and split the view into four panes (starting with
top left to top right, then lower left to lower right) with the View >
Axial Plots as follows: Load Profiles - Apparent
(w/Bending), Load Line, Service Load Profiles - Apparent
w/Bending, and Service Load Lines.
4. Split the Triaxial tab into four equal panes. Populate these panes
(starting with top left to top right, then lower left to lower right)
with the View > Triaxial Check plots as follows: Load Line,
Safety Factors, Design Limits, and Von Misses Equivalent Plot.
Hint
Exercise 6 Answers
1. Split the pane and apply views as seen below. Right-click on the
Well Schematic to access the Well Schematic Properties dialog
box. In the Well Schematic Properties dialog box, select the items
to display on the schematic, then click OK.
Right-click the
Schematic, and
then select
Properties.
2. On the Burst and Collapse tabs, split the panes and apply views as
seen below. Refer to the plots on the Burst and Collapse tabs to
determine the loads that define the burst and collapse load lines.
Note
If a plot legend covers most of the viewing area, right-click an empty area on
each graph, and then select Properties from the drop-down menu. On the
Graph tab of the dialog box, deselect the Show Legend check box to see all
plot data.
b) The Collapse Load Line plot is based on the Lost Returns with
Mud Drop, Full/Partial Evacuation, and Above/Below Packer
collapse loads.
3. On the Axial tab, split the panes, and apply views as seen below.
Tensile/Compressive
axial loads display
The Service Load line draws over All axial service loads are displayed in absolute
the Lost Returns with Water and values to facilitate identification of the maximum
the Above/Below Packer loads. loads, including Lost Returns with Water, Injection
Down Casing, and Above/Below Packer.
4. Split the Triaxial tab into four panes, and place one plot in each
pane as shown below.
In the Design plot, the Von Mises The Von Mises Equivalent Stress plot is
and the API failure criteria plot totally pressure independent; that is, the
together. The Von Mises plot strength of steel does not depend on the
envelope in this case is hydrostatic pressure.
approximate. Consequently,
sometimes failure points plot
inside the envelope.
Note: Always validate your visual
interpretations with tabular results,
as well as with the Von Mises
equivalent stress.
5. Select the Tubular > Design Parameters > Analysis Options tab,
and deselect the Temperature Deration and Buckling check
boxes.
Hint
You can select and deselect the temperature deration and buckling check
boxes, click Apply, and then observe the effect on the plots.
Deselect the
Temperature
Deration and
Buckling analysis
options.
Notice that Collapse Load shifts slightly away from the design
limit (Triaxial Safety Factors). Similarly, the Above/Below
Packer Load shifts slightly upward on the Von Mises plot.
Collapse load shifts slightly right, away
from the design limit (Failure Criteria).
Note
6. Select the String and Connection tab, then click the Save
icon ( ) to save the E3SOP1 Design.
1. Using the Print Preview feature (available if you have printer drivers
set up on your PC), investigate the options for printing results from
the desktop.
Be sure to select casing 9 5/8” 53.50 ppf, P-110. Verify the BTC
Connection Type (P-110 Grade) is specified in the
Connections table.
4. What are the four minimum absolute safety factors at the top
of cement?
Hint
Look at both free and cemented pipe at the TOC. Determine the TOC using
Wellbore > Casing and Tubing Scheme and/or View > Well Schematic.)
5. At what depth is wear most critical for burst and collapse? What is
the maximum allowable wear at this depth?
11. Set up a new report, and name the report Wellbore Data. Select the
Portrait format with multiple items on each page. Select Print
Preview (if available) to display the report on your screen. Include
the following items in the order presented:
• General Data
• Well Schematic
• Casing and Tubing Scheme Data
• Pore Pressure Data
• Fracture Gradient Data
• Pore, Fracture & MW Plot
• Deviation Data
• Geothermal Gradient Data
Exercise 7 Answers
1. Select File > Print Preview. When finished, click Close.
Select the Work tab, and then select View > Tabular Results >
String Summary.
The minimum absolute burst The absolute Triaxial safety
safety factor for the top factor is 1.60.
section is 1.51 L (that is, the
“L” denotes that the design
is connection (leak) critical).
The ratio between the absolute and normalized safety factors is 1.25
because the Normalized SF = Absolute SF/Design Factor
(1.60/1.28). You can verify that 1.25 is the specified Design factor
(Tubular > Design Parameters > Design Factors tab).
4. Select the Schem tab and view the Casing and Tubing Scheme table
or the Schematic. Notice that TOC = 10,750 ft MD.
TOC for 9 5/8” Production
Casing is 10,750 ft.
Select the Work tab, and then select View > Tabular Results > Min
Safety Factors. Make sure you view absolute safety factors.
Make sure you view the
absolute safety factors. Click
the Normalized SF icon again
( ) before selecting the
Minimum Safety Factor table.
5. From the Work tab, select View > Tabular Results > Max
Allowable Wear table.
The max allowable wear is most The max allowable wear is most
critical for burst at TD, with a critical for collapse at TD, with a
rating of 37.6% maximum wear rating of 1.1% maximum wear (% of
(% of wall thickness). wall thickness).
6. From the Work tab, select View > Tabular Results > Max
Allowable Overpull. The axial SF is the Design safety factor of
1.3. The Axial Design safety factor is specified on the Tubular >
Design Parameters > Design Factors tab.
The maximum
overpull at
14,000 ft MD is
761,107 lbf.
7. From the Work tab, select View > Tabular Results > Axial Loads.
8. From the Work tab, select View > Tabular Results > Minimum
Safety Factors.
9. From the Work tab, select View > Tabular Results >
Triaxial Results.
From the Load pick-list, check all loads. (This pick-list is only
available when the Triaxial Results table or a custom load is
displayed and active.)
From the Tubular > Initial Conditions > Cementing and Landing dialog box, select the
Pickup Force option, and then enter a pickup force of 321957 lbf.
Click Apply to see the buckling condition removed.
From the Tubular > Initial Conditions > Cementing and Landing
tab, reset the Pickup Force to 0 lbf. Click OK to dismiss the Initial
Conditions dialog box and return to the Triaxial Results table.
Reset the
pickup force to
0 lbf.
10. From the String and Connection tab, select either the String
Sections or Connections spreadsheet, and then highlight a row or
click in a cell on the row. Click the Ratings icon ( ) on the
toolbar (or select Tubular > Ratings) to open the Ratings
dialog box.
Select the Wellbore Data report from the drop-down list. In the example
below, the second page (Well Schematic) is shown. Familiarize yourself
with the report controls.
12. Press Ctrl-S, and then select File > Close to save and close
the Design.
In this exercise, you will perform the following design checks with
sensitivity analysis of:
77.0 1.00
122.0 0.98
212.0 0.94
302.0 0.92
392.0 0.89
3. Define a new material named 13 CR, and then enter the following
material mechanical properties for this new material:
Material Name 13 CR
Material 13 CR
OD (in) 9.625
ID (in) 8.535
Seal Type MM
$/Cost Default
Top, MD (ft) 30
OD (in) 9 5/8
9. Observe:
10. How can the new design tubular properties be shared at the Well
Explorer Tubular Properties level?
2. Select the Work tab, select Tubular > Tubular Properties >
Temperature Deration, and enter the following temperature
deration schedule for 13 CR:
Note
3. Select Tubular > Tubular Properties > Materials, and then enter
the following 13 CR material mechanical properties:
4. Select Tubular > Tubular Properties > Grades, and then enter the
following VM 110 13 CRSS Grade Properties:
5. Select Tubular > Pipe Inventory, and then enter the following pipe
using VM 110 13 CRSS Grade:
7. Select Tubular > String Sections, and then redefine the casing
string as follows:
After selecting a new Grade, refresh the material assigned for the
grade selected. Select Tubular > Tubular Properties > Grades,
and then reselect the 13 CR material from the pick-list.
Reselect the
13 CR material,
then tab out of
the cell to
refresh the
changes made
in system
memory.
8. Select Tubular > Connections, and then select the VAM SLIJ-II
connector as follows:
Select the Work tab, and then select Tubular > Tubular
Properties > Grades.
Select Edit > Export to Catalog, and then select the VM 110 13
CRSS grade. Click the arrow button ( ) to add the new grade to the
Well Explorer Tubular Properties. Click Close to dismiss the dialog
box, and then press Ctrl-S to save the Design and apply the change.
Select the
grade from the
inventory, then
click the arrow
button to
transfer the
grade to the
Catalog.
Note
When new pipes defined in the Design pipe inventory table are exported to
catalogs, the associated grade, material, and temperature deration are checked
against the Well Explorer tubular properties. If the grade, material, or
temperature deration exist in the Well Explorer Tubular Properties, only the
pipe is exported to avoid duplicate tubular properties.
If the grade, material, or temperature deration do not exist, then the pipe,
grade, material, and temperature deration are exported.
11. Select File > Close to close the E3SOP1_13 CR Design. Click Yes
if prompted, “Save changes to E3S0P1_13 CR*?”
a) What is the lowest 10 3/4” weight and grade API pipe that
satisfies the initial design criteria (loads analysis options and
design factors) for the upper section?
b) What design load mode drives the 10 3/4” casing weight and
grade solution?
Select the first row, then select Edit > Insert Row. Enter the
following: 9 7/8”, 62.80 ppf, P-110, 8.625” ID pipe information.
Select Edit > Import from Catalog, and then select VAM TOP
from the list of catalogs on the left side of the dialog box. With
the VAM TOP catalog selected, highlight (select) the VAM TOP,
9 7/8”, 62.80 ppg, P-110 connector.
Select
(highlight)
the VAM
TOP 9 7/
8”,
62.80 ppg,
P-110
connection
. Click Import to add the connection to the
Special Connections Inventory table.
Select the String and Connection tab, and then define the upper
section of 10 3/4” pipe OD, 1,000 ft length. Initially pick the
highest weight and grade, and then assign a BTC connector.
Select the 9 7/8”, 62.8 ppf, P-110, pipe for the bottom section,
and then assign a VAM TOP connector. Change the weight and
grade for the 10 3/4” pipe section until the lowest safety factor is
obtained for this section.
After these steps are completed, select View > Tabular Results
> Min Safety Factors, View > Design Plots and View >
Triaxial Check > Safety Factors to review the effect of the
change.
Note
a) Select the Min ASF tab to view the minimum safety factors
(absolute) table.
Select the Triaxial tab to view the triaxial plots. To view the
second string section design limits plot, right-click the “Design
Limits - Section 1” plot and select Load/Section Selection from
the drop-down menu. Select the Sections tab in the Properties
dialog box that displays. Click OK to view Section 2. You may
need to right-click on the plot again, and select Resize to view
the plot in the reduced split-screen viewing area.
Right-click on the “Design Limits - Section 1” plot, and select Load/Section Selection from the drop-
down menu. Click the Sections tab on the Properties dialog box that displays.
c) Select the Work tab, and then select the View > Tabular
Results > String Summary table.
3. Select File > Close to close the E3S0P1_Taper Design. Click Yes
when prompted to “Save changes to E3S0P1_Taper*?”
2. Define a new pipe 9 5/8”, 53.50 ppf, P-110HC, and enter the
following properties:
OD (in) 9.625
Grade P-110HC
ID (in) 8.535
UTS 125,000
Seal Type MM
$/Cost Default
a) Select Tubular > Tubular Properties > Grades, and then enter
the following grade:
b) Select Tubular > Pipe Inventory and enter the following high
collapse pipe information:
From the
Temperature tab,
select Full
Evacuation.
Select the
Geothermal
option.
6. Select File > Close to close the E3S0P1_HC Design. Click Yes
when prompted to “Save changes to E3S0P1_HC*?”
c) Rename the default “tab1” tab to Work, and add a new tab named
Well Schematic.
Exercise 10 Answers
1. Launch the StressCheck software, and then select File > Template >
Open From Database.
a) Select Tubular > Pipe Inventory. Select All from the pipe size
Enter 9 7/8” OD
pipe, 62.80 ppf,
P-110, 8 5/8” ID.
b) Select Tools > Options, and then select the Legend check box.
Click the legend Font button, and then update the font size to 12.
Click OK, then click OK to apply the changes and close the
Options dialog box.
Click New to add another tab, and then click Rename to name
the new tab Well Schematic. Click Close to dismiss the
dialog box.
Notice that only two columns are available: Name and Type. You
can define all strings and string type combinations typically used
in field operations. After the string(s) are defined, you can define
design parameters and loads per each string type according to
your Company Design Criteria policy.
Select Production
from the Name
pick-list, and
Casing from the
Type pick-list.
Select Tubular > Burst Loads. Select Tubing Leak as the burst
internal profile, and select Fluid Gradients w/ Pore Pressure as
the external profile.
Select Tubular > Axial Loads, and then select Overpull Force.
Apply 100,000 lbf as the default axial force, and then select
Service Loads.
Select the Work tab, and then select View > Well Schematic.
e) Select File > Template > Save As. Enter My Template in the
Template Name field, and then click OK.
Enter My Template as
the new template name.
f) Select File > New > Instant Design, accept the defaults, and
then click OK to create an instant Design.