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Un pilote de concreto hincado en arcilla, como el de la figura tiene un diámetro de 400 mm.
b) Calcular la resistencia por fricción, para todos los estratos de arcilla, por distintos métodos, para ∅𝑅 =
300 . Los 10 m de arcilla superiores están normalmente consolidados, y los estratos inferiores tienen un
OCR de 2.
Arcilla
𝑝 = 𝜋 · 𝐷 = 𝜋 · 0.406 = 1.275 𝑚
𝜎𝑣 = 𝛾. ℎ 𝜇 𝜎𝑣′ = 𝜎𝑣 − 𝜇
5m
90 90
5m
180 49.05 130.45
20 m
a) Método de Meyerhof
𝑄𝑝 = 9𝐴 𝑝 𝐶𝑢
𝑄𝑝 = 9 · 0.12946 · 100
𝑄𝑝 = 116.52 𝐾𝑁
b) Método de Hansen𝜑 = 0
𝑄𝑝 = 𝐴 𝑝 (𝑁𝑐 · 𝐶𝑢 + 𝑁𝑞 · 𝑞′)𝑆𝑐 · 𝑑𝑐
𝜑
𝑁𝑞 = 𝑒 𝜋 tan𝜑 tan2 (45 + )
2
𝑁𝑞 = 1
𝑁𝑐 = 0
𝐷 𝐷
= 1 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑝𝑖𝑙𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑆𝑐 = 1 + (0.2 + tan6 𝜑 )
𝑙 𝑙
𝑆𝑐 = 1.2
0.35
𝑑𝑐 = 1 + 𝐷 0.6
+
𝐿𝑏 (1 + 7 · tan4 𝜑)
𝑑𝑐 = 1.218
𝑄𝑝 = 61.64 𝐾𝑁
𝑄𝑝 = 𝐴 𝑝(𝑁𝑐 · 𝐶𝑢 + 𝑁𝑞 · 𝑞′)
1 + 2𝐾𝑜
𝑞′𝑜 = ( ) 𝑞′
3
𝑁𝑞 ∗= 1
𝑁∗𝑐 = 10.04 𝐾𝑁
Promedio:
𝑀é𝑡𝑜𝑑𝑜 𝛼 ∶
𝑄𝑠 = ∑ 𝛼 · 𝐶𝑢 · 𝑝 · ∆𝐿
𝐶𝑢 = 30 → 𝛼 = 1
𝐶𝑢 = 100 → 𝛼 = 0.5
𝑄𝑠 = 1657.5 𝐾𝑁
𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝐻 = 30 𝑚 ⇒ ℵ = 0.14
∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝐶𝑢 𝐿𝑖 5 · 30 + 5 · 30 + 100 · 20
𝐶̅𝑢 = = = 76.66 𝐾𝑁/𝑚 2
𝐿 30
Áreas de los diagramas de esfuerzo efectivo vertical:
1 𝜎′ − 𝜎′𝑣1 𝜎′ − 𝜎′𝑣2
· 𝜎′𝑣1 · 𝐿1 + ( 𝑣2 + 𝜎′𝑣1 ) · 𝐿2 + ( 𝑣3 + 𝜎′𝑣2 ) · 𝐿3
2 2 2
𝜎̅′ =
𝐿
1 130.95 − 90 326.75 − 130.95
· 90 · 5 + ( + 90) · 5 + ( + 130.95) · 20
𝜎̅′ = 2 2 2
30
𝐴1 = 225
𝐴 2 = 552.38
𝐴 3 = 4577
∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝐴 𝑖
𝜎̅′ =
𝐿
𝑄𝑠 = ℵ(𝜎̅′ + 2 · 𝐶̅𝑢)𝐴 𝑠
𝐴 𝑠 = 𝑝 · 𝐿 = 1.275 · 30 = 38.26 𝑚 2
𝑄𝑠 = 1777.8 𝐾𝑁
𝑀é𝑡𝑜𝑑𝑜 𝛽 ∶
𝑄𝑠 = ∑ 𝑓 · 𝑝 · ∆𝐿
𝑓 = 𝛽 · 𝜎′𝑉
𝛽 = 𝑘 · tan ∅𝑅
𝑘 = (1 − sin ∅𝑅 )
𝑓 = (1 − sin ∅𝑅 ) · tan ∅𝑅 𝜎′𝑉
Estrato 1:
0 + 90
𝑓1 = (1 − sin 30) · tan 30 · ( ) = 13 𝐾𝑁/𝑚
2
Estrato 2:
90 + 130.95
𝑓2 = (1 − sin 30) · tan 30 · ( ) = 31.9 𝐾𝑁/𝑚
2
Estrato sobreconsolidado
𝑘 = (1 − sin ∅𝑅 ) √𝑂𝐶𝑅
𝑓 = (1 − sin ∅𝑅 ) √𝑂𝐶𝑅 · tan ∅𝑅 𝜎′𝑉
Estrato 3:
130.95 + 326.75
𝑓3 = (1 − sin 30) · tan 30 · √2 · ( ) = 93.43 𝐾𝑁/𝑚
2
𝐹𝑆 = 4
(1658.17 + 1777.8)
𝑄𝑠 = = 1718 𝐾𝑁
2
𝑄𝑢 = 𝑄𝑝 + 𝑄𝑠
𝑆 = 𝑆1 + 𝑆2 + 𝑆3
𝐸𝑝 = 210 𝑀𝑝𝑎 ; 𝐸𝑠 = 24 𝑀𝑝𝑎
𝐿 = 30 𝑚
(𝑄𝑤𝑝 + 𝜀𝑄𝑤𝑠 ) · 𝐿
𝑆1 =
𝐴𝑝 · 𝐸𝑝
𝑆1 = 0.21024 𝑚 = 21 𝑚𝑚
𝑞𝑤𝑝 · 𝐷
𝑆2 = (1 − 𝜇 2𝑠 )𝐼𝑤𝑝
𝐸𝑠
𝑄𝑤𝑝 116.55
𝑞𝑤𝑝 = = = 900.27 𝐾𝑁
𝐴𝑝 0.12946
𝐼𝑤𝑝 = 0.85
900.27 · 0.406
𝑆2 = (1 − 0.42 ) · 0.85
24𝑥103
𝑆2 = 0.01 𝑚 = 10 𝑚𝑚
𝑄𝑤𝑠 𝐷
𝑆3 = ( ) (1 − 𝜇 2𝑠 )𝐼𝑤𝑠
𝑝𝐿 𝐸𝑠
𝐿
𝐼𝑤𝑠 = 2 + 0.35√
𝐷
30
𝐼𝑤𝑠 = 2 + 0.35√ = 5.008
0.406
2669.7 0.406
𝑆3 = ( ) (1 − 0.42 ) · 5.008
1.275 · 30 24𝑥103
𝑆3 = 0.00496 𝑚 = 4.9 𝑚𝑚
𝑆 = 21 + 10 + 4.9
𝑆 = 35.9 𝑚𝑚
Cálculo de la eficiencia:
n2 columnas
n1 filas
1,2m
s =1,2m
n1=3
n2=2
Método simplificado:
2(𝑛1 + 𝑛2 − 2)𝑑 + 4𝐷
𝑛=
𝑛1 𝑛2 𝑝
𝑛 = 1.15 = 100 %
(𝑛1 − 1) · 𝑛2 + (𝑛2 − 1) · 𝑛1
𝑛= 1 −𝜃
90 · 𝑛1 · 𝑛2
𝐷
𝜃 = tan−1 ( )
𝑑
406
𝜃 = tan−1 ( ) = 18.69𝑜
1200
(3 − 1) · 2 + (2 − 1) · 3
𝑛 = 1 − 18.69𝑜
90 · 3 · 2
𝑛 = 0.7577 = 75.7 %
𝑠 ≥ 2.5𝑑
𝑠 = 1.015 𝑚
𝑑
∅ = tan−1 ( )
2𝑠
406
∅ = tan−1 ( ) = 9.6𝑜
2 · 1200
𝑛 = −5.5
𝑛=1
∑ 𝑄𝑉 = 𝑛1 · 𝑛2 (𝑄𝑝 + 𝑄𝑠 )
Pilotes en arcilla:
∑ 𝑄𝑈 = 𝑛1 · 𝑛2 (9𝐴 𝑃 𝐶𝑢 + ∑ 𝛼𝑝𝑐𝑢 ∆𝐿)
𝑄𝑝 = 116.52 𝐾𝑁
𝑄𝑠 = ∑ 𝛼 𝑝𝐶𝑢 ∆𝐿
𝑄𝑠 = 1 658.2 𝐾𝑁
∑ 𝑄𝑈 = 3 · 2(116.52 + 1 658.2)
∑𝑄𝑈 = 10 648.3 𝐾𝑁
𝐿𝑔 ≥ 𝐵𝑔
𝐵𝑔 = (𝑛2 − 1) 𝑑 + 2(𝐷⁄2)
𝐿𝑔 2.806
= = 1.747
𝐵𝑔 1.606
𝐿 30
= = 18.68
𝐵𝑔 1.606
∑ 𝑄𝑈 = 𝐿𝑔 𝐵𝑔 𝐶𝑢𝑁 ∗𝑐 + ∑ 2(𝐿𝑔 + 𝐵𝑔 )𝑐𝑢∆𝐿
𝑄𝑔(𝑢) 10 648.3
𝑄𝑔(𝑢) = = = 2662.075 𝐾𝑁
𝐹𝑆 4
𝐶𝑐 · 𝐻 𝜎0(1) + ∆𝜎′(1)
∆𝑆𝑐1 = [ ] log [ ]
1 + 𝑒0 𝜎0(1)
𝑄𝑔 10 648.3
∆𝜎′(1) = =
(𝐿𝑔 + 𝑧1 )(𝐵𝑔 + 𝑧1 ) (2.806 + 5)(1.606 + 5)
Reemplazando:
Datos:
𝑓𝑦 = 5 000 𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚2
𝑟𝑒𝑐 = 5 𝑐𝑚
0.4062 · 𝜋
𝐴𝑐 = = 1294.6 𝑐𝑚 2
4
𝑑 = 40.6 − 5 = 35.6 𝑐𝑚
𝑄𝑢 106 483
𝑃= = = 204 775 𝑘𝑔
∅ · 0.8 0.65 · 0.8
𝑃0 = 0.85 · 𝑓′𝑐 (𝐴 𝑐−𝐴 𝑠𝑡)+𝐴 𝑠𝑡 · 𝑓𝑦
𝐴 𝑠𝑡 = 𝐴 𝑆𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝐴 𝑆𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 12.946 𝑐𝑚 2
8∅ 16
0.4062 · 𝜋
𝑊𝑡 = 𝐴 𝑐 · 𝛾𝐻𝐴 = ( ) 2400 = 310.7 𝑘𝑔/𝑚
4
𝑤𝑡 · 𝐿2 310.7 · 302
𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 1.4 ( ) = 1.4 ( )
8 8
𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 48 935.25 𝑘𝑔 · 𝑚
𝑎
∅𝑀𝑛 = ∅𝐴 𝑠 𝑓𝑦 (𝑑 − )
2
𝐴 𝑠 𝑓𝑦
𝑎=
0.85 · 𝑓′𝑐 · 𝑏
𝐴 𝑠 = 25.79 𝑐𝑚2 → 𝟔∅ 𝟐𝟓
𝑏·𝑑 40.6 · 35.6
𝐴 𝑆𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 14 = 14 = 4.047 𝑐𝑚 2
𝑓𝑦 5000
𝑤𝑡 · 𝐿 310.7 · 30
𝑉 = 1.4 ( ) = 1.4 ( ) = 6 524.7 𝑘𝑔
2 2
∅𝑉𝑐 = 8 325.7 𝑘𝑔
𝑉 ≤ ∅𝑉𝑐 → 𝑂𝐾
𝑏𝑤·𝑆
𝐴𝑣𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 3.5 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑠 = 20 𝑐𝑚
𝑓𝑦
40.6·20
𝐴𝑣𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 3.5 = 0.57 𝑐𝑚2 → ∅ 𝟔 𝒄/𝟐𝟎𝒄𝒎
5000