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Theme Word Phonetics Meaning Example

a unit of area measurement equal to a squar


Square millimeter skwɛr ˈmɪləˌmitər
emeasuring one millimeter on each side.

The total area on the surface of a three-


Surface area ˈsɜrfəs ˈɛriə
dimensional figure.

Small section formed by a plane cutting


Small section smɔl ˈsɛkʃən through an object, usually at right angles to
an axis

Large section formed by a plane cutting


Large section lɑrʤ ˈsɛkʃən through an object, usually at right angles to
an axis

The force on an object due to the


Weight weɪt gravitational attraction between it and the
Earth

A unit of mass equal to one-thousandth of


Gram græm
a kilogram. Symbol: g
conceived of as the mass of one liter of
Kilogram ˈkɪləˌgræm
water

The quantity of matter which a body


Mass mæs
contains
Area, size
ana mass
Resultant force on Earth's surface, of the
attraction by the Earth's masses, and
Gravity ˈgrævəti
the centrifugal pseudo-force caused by the
Earth's rotation

Weightless ˈweɪtləs Which has no weight.

A unit of three-
Volume ˈvɑljum dimensional measure of space that
comprises a length, a width and a height.

A unit of volume equal to that of


Cubic metre ˈkjubɪk ˈmitər a cube having sides each one metre in
length.
Kilogram per cubic meter ˈkɪləˌgræm pɜr ˈkjubɪk ˈmitər

measurment unit which is used to measure


Unit of volume ˈjunət ʌv ˈvɑljum
volume

Dense dɛns Having relatively high density.

Lightweight ˈlaɪˈtweɪt Having relatively small weight

the use of computer techniques in designing


Computer-aided design kəmˈpjutər-ˈeɪdəd dɪˈzaɪn products, esp involvingthe use of computer
graphics CAD

set of numbers, amounts, etc., used to measure


scale skeɪl
or comparethe level of something
a drawing with dimensions at a specific ratio
Scale drawing skeɪl ˈdrɔɪŋ
relative to the actual size ofthe object drawn

General arrangement ˈʤɛnərəl əˈreɪnʤmənt Drawings show whole structure

a drawing, at relatively large scale, of a part of a


Detail dɪˈteɪl building, machine,etc., with dimensions or other
information for use in construction.

a representation of the elements of a system


Schematic drawing skɪˈmætɪk ˈdrɔɪŋ using abstract, graphic symbols rather than
realistic pictures

a drawing made to scale to represent the


Plan plæn topview or a horizontal section of a structure or
a machine, as a floorlayout of a building.

Drawing

a drawing or design that represents an object


Elevation ˌɛləˈveɪʃən orstructure as being projected geometrically on
a vertical plane parallelto one of its sides.
Section ˈsɛkʃən a part that is cut off or separated.

a drawing that shows the individual parts of a


Exploded view : ɪkˈsploʊdəd vju : mechanism separately but indicates their
proper relationship.

Two-dimensional tu-dɪˈmɛnʃənəl flat, having width and length but not depth

having or appearing to have three dimensions (=


Three-dimensional θri-dɪˈmɛnʃənəl length, width, andheight) and therefore looking
real

neither perpendicular nor parallel to a given line


Oblique projection əˈblik prəˈʤɛkʃən
or surface; slanting;sloping.

Isometric drawing uses a method of drawing a


Isometic projection prəˈʤɛkʃən shape with threedimensions using two
dimensions
Concrete is a composite material composed
concrete ˈkɑnkrit of coarse aggregate bonded together with a
fluid cement that hardens over time

A cement is a material, a substance used for


cement səˈmɛnt construction that sets, hardens and adheres
to other materials, binding them together.

generally consist of natural sand or crushed


fine aggregate faɪn ˈægrɪgɪt stone with most particles passing through a
3/8-inch sieve.

is a broad category of coarse to medium


grained particulate material used in
coarse aggregate kɔrs ˈægrɪgɪt
construction, including sand, gravel, crushed
stone

the stress induced by the loading and


structural strength ˈstrʌkʧərəl strɛŋkθ capacity of the structural material to resist
the load without breaking

an amount or section which, when


part pɑrt combined with others, makes up the whole
of something.
a quantity or number coming at one time or
batch bæʧ
taken together

is the ratio of the weight ofwater to the


water-ciment ratio ˈwɔtər-ˈsaɪmənt ˈreɪʃiˌoʊ
weight of cement used in a concrete mix.

Plasticizers for plastics are additives, most


plasticizer ˈplæstəˌsaɪzər commonly phthalate esters in PVC
applications
Concrete
is a composite material in which concrete's
relatively low tensile strength and ductility
Reinforced concrete ˌriɪnˈfɔrst ˈkɑnkrit are counteracted by the inclusion
of reinforcement having higher tensile
strength or ductility.
it is a steel bar or mesh of steel wires used
as a tension device in reinforced concrete
reinforcing bar ˌriɪnˈfɔrsɪŋ bɑr and reinforced masonry structures to
strengthen and hold the concrete in
compression.

is temporary or permanent molds into


formwork fɔːm wɜːk which concrete or similar materials are
poured.
wood in planks or strips used as a temporary
shuttering ˈʃʌtərɪŋ structure to contain setting concrete, to
support the sides of trenches, or similar.

is a construction product produced by


casting concrete in a reusable mold or
precast priˈkæst "form" which is then cured in a controlled
environment, transported to the
construction site and lifted into place
is a form of concrete used in construction
which is "pre-stressed" by being placed
prestress ˌpriːˈstrɛs
under compression prior to supporting any
loads beyond its own dead weight.

Compare that with prefabricated


construction, in which building components
cast-in-stu kæst-ɪn-stu
are made in a factory and then transported
to the building site for assembly.

an object made by shaping molten metal or


cast kæst
similar material in a mould.

cause (a liquid) to flow from a container in a


pour pɔr
steady stream
kinetic energy kɪˈnɛt ɪk, //ˈɛn ər dʒi is the energy of motion of body.

is the energy that is generated and


Thermal energy ˈθɜr məl/ /ˈɛn ər dʒi/
measured by heat.

is energy made available by the flow of


Electrical energy ɪˈlɛk trɪ kəl/ /ˈɛn ər dʒi/
electric charge through a conductor.

is the energy produced by vibrating sound


Sound energy saʊnd/ /ˈɛn ər dʒi/
waves.

Light energy is defined as how nature moves


energy at an extremely rapid rate, and it
Light energy laɪt//ˈɛn ər dʒi/ makes up about 99% of the body's atoms
and cells, and signal all body parts to carry
out their respective tasks.
Energy
Is the energy released in a chemical reaction
or absorbed in the creation of a chemical
Chimical energy ˈkɛm ɪ kəl/ /ˈɛn ər dʒi/
compound, the energy involved in the bond
formed between two atoms
Is the energy released during nuclear fission
Nuclear energy ˈnu kli ər’//ˈɛn ər dʒi/ or fusion, especially when used to generate
electricity.

Is the energy of a body or system as a result


Potential energy pəˈtɛn ʃəl/ /ˈɛn ər dʒi/ of its position in an electric, magnetic, or
gravitational field.

power, esp. electric power, measured in


Wattage ˈwɒt ɪdʒ/ watt, the power rating, measured in watts,
of an electrical appliance .

is the performing or functioning in the best


Efficient ɪˈfɪʃ ənt/ possible manner with the least waste of
time and effort.

Capacity kəˈpæsəti  capability to perform or produce

Supply səˈplaɪ - an amount of something available for use


Consumed kənˈsuːmd  eat up completely, as with great appetite 

Period ˈpɪriəd  an amount of time

Cumulative ˈkjuːmjəleɪtɪv  increasing by successive addition 

 an intermediate scale value regarded as


Average ˈævərɪdʒ
normal or usual

Consumption kənˈsʌmpʃn  the act of consuming something 

 a quantity or amount or measure considered


Rate reɪt as a proportion of another quantity or amount
or measure
Constant ˈkɑːnstənt  a quantity that does not vary 

Averaged out ˈævərɪdʒ ˈaʊt  compute the average of 

Demand dɪˈmænd - an urgent or peremptory request

 move or sway in a rising and falling or wavelike


Fluctuates ˈflʌktʃʊeɪts
pattern 

Supply and
demand

 an instance of change; the rate or magnitude


Fluctuations ˌflʌktʃʊˈeɪʃənz
of change 

Programmes which are broadcast at peak time


are broadcast when the greatest number of
peak times piːk taɪmz
people are watching television or listening to
the radio.
You use off-peak to describe something that
happens or that is used at times when there is
off-peak times ɔːf piːk taɪmz
least demand for it. Prices at off-peak times are
often lower than at other times.

meet demand miːt dɪˈmænd satisfy a deman

run to capacity rʌn to kəˈpæsəti run out of place

 lacking the ability or skill to perform


inefficient ˌɪnɪˈfɪʃnt
effectively; inadequate 

 any stimulating information or event; acts to


input ˈɪnpʊt
arouse action 

output ˈaʊtpʊt  what is produced in a given time period 


loss lɔːs something that is lost

surplus ˈsɜːrpləs  a quantity much larger than is needed 

 be greater in scope or size than some


exceeds ɪkˈsiːdz
standard 

an open fabric of string or rope or wire woven


net net together at regular intervals (syn: mesh,
meshing, meshwork, network)

One of the parts that something is divided


Section ˈsɛkʃən
into

a factory in which logs are sawn into planks or


Sawmill ˈsɔːmɪl
boards by machine.
used as originally cut without smoothing or
Rough-sawn rʌf-sɔːn
sanding

Sawing ˈsɔːɪŋ cut (something) using a saw.

A tool with a round blade and and a row of


Circular saw ˈsɜːkjʊləsɔː sharp points along one edge ,used for cutting
Wood.

tool with an adjustable sharpened steel blade


planed pleɪnd set obliquely in a wooden or iron body, for
levelling or smoothing timber surfaces.

traditionally allocated to a timber based on


Stress grade strɛsgreɪd its strength group and a visual or machine
stress grading system.
Wood
The development of standard methods and
criteria for the stress grading of structural
Mechanically stress graded mɪˈkænɪkəlistrɛs-ˈgreɪdɪd
timber elements by non-destructive, fast and
cheap bending tests.
is a method of determining the strength of a
Visually stress graded ˈvɪzjʊəlistrɛs-ˈgreɪdɪd piece of timber (both softwoods and
hardwoods) destined for structural use.

material made in rigid sheets from


compressed wood chips and resin, often
Chipboard ˈʧɪpbɔːd
coated or veneered, used in furniture,
buildings.
is a manufactured (engineered) wood
product composed of wood fibres that are
Medium-density fibreboard ˈmiːdiəm-ˈdɛnsɪ ˈfaɪbəbɔːd mixed with resin and wax and pressed into
flat panels under high temperature and
pressure.
is a type of engineered lumber similar to
particle board, formed by adding adhesives
Orientated Strand board ˈɔːrɪɛnteɪtɪdstrændbɔːd
and then compressing layers of wood
strands (flakes) in specific orientations.

a type of strong thin wooden board


consisting of two or more layers glued and
Plywood ˈplʌɪwʊd
pressed together with the direction of the
grain alternating.
also called glulam, is a type of structural
engineered wood product comprising a
Glue-laminated gluː-ˈlæmɪneɪtɪd number of layers of dimensioned lumber
bonded together with durable, moisture-
resistant structural adhesives
Chemical elements or alloys, and the mines
metal mɛtəl
where their ores come from.

an element, such as phosphorus or chlorine,


non-metal nɑn-ˈmɛtəl that does not have
the chemical or physical properties of a metal

metals that are primarily composed of iron


ferrous metal ˈfɛrəs ˈmɛtəl
and have magnetic properties in them.

The metals other than iron and alloys that


non-ferrous metals nɑn-ˈfɛrəs ˈmɛtəlz do not contain an appreciable amount of
ferrous (iron)

the distribution of the single substances that


constitute the mixture, called "components". In
chemical composition ˈkɛməkəl ˌkɑmpəˈzɪʃən
other words, it is defined giving
the concentration of each component.

n element is a substance whose atoms all have


the same number of protons: another way of
Elements ˈɛləmənts
saying this is that all of a particular element's
atoms have the same atomic number.
any substance used in or resulting from a
constituents kənˈstɪʧuənts reaction involving changes to atoms or
molecules

a substance that contains atoms of two or more


Material Compounds ˈkɑmpaʊndz chemical elements held together by chemical
types bonds

a mutual attraction between two atoms


chemically bound ˈkɛməkli baʊnd resulting from a redistribution of their outer
electrons

a substance consisting of two or more


Mixtures ˈmɪksʧərz substances mixed together without any
chemical bonding between them

a metallic material, such as steel, brass, or


bronze, consisting of a mixture of two or more
metals or of metallic elements with nonmetallic
alloys ˈæˌlɔɪz
elements. Alloys often have physical properties
markedly different from those of the pure
metals
A material in which two or more distinct, structurall
y complementary materials, usually a matrix materia
l and areinforcing material, are combined to produc
composite kəmˈpɑzət
e structural or functional properties not present in a
ny individualcomponent. Wood, bone, concrete, plas
tic reinforced by glass fibers, and graphite reinforce
something designed to provide additional
reinforcement ˌriɪnˈfɔrsmənt strength (as in a weak area) a bridge in need of
steel reinforcements

a : the natural material (such as soil or rock) in


which something (such as a fossil or crystal) is
matrix ˈmeɪtrɪks embedded b : material in which something is
enclosed or embedded (as for protection or
study)
is a composite material or fibre-reinforced
polymer made of a plastic reinforced by
fine fibers made of glass. Like carbon fibre
glassreinforced plastic (GRP) glæs-ˌriɪnˈfɔrst ˈplæstɪk
reinforced plastic, the composite material is
commonly referred to by the name of its
reinforcing fibres (fiberglass).

an internationally agreed decimal system of


Metric measurement metrɪk meʒəmənt
measurement

is the system of units first defined in the British


Imperial measurement ɪmˈpɪ(ə)rɪəl meʒəmənt
Weights and Measures Act of 1824

Whole numbers are the numbers starting at 0


Whole numbers ˈhəʊl ˈnʌmbəz and counting up foreve, There is no fractional or
decimal part. And no negatives
A Decimal Number is a number that contains a
Decimal numbers Decimal ˈnʌmbəz
Decimal Point

rounded up ˈraʊndɪd ˈʌp Add fractions to a number to be mangeable

subtract fractions from a numbre to be


rounded down ˈraʊndɪd ˈdaʊn
manageable

zero point four ˈzɪ(ə)rəʊ ˈpɔɪnt ˈfɔː 0,4

negligible ˈneglɪdʒəb(ə)l so small it's not going to affect anything

fraction of a unit frækʃən əv e junət one devided by an other positive number


Numbers
and one hundredth of a unit wən həndrədθ əv e junət 1/100
calculation

one thousandth of a unit wən θawzəndθ əv e junət 1/1000

Rounding error is the difference between a


rounding error rawndɪŋ ɛrər rounded-off numerical value and the actual
value

square of a number "x" is a number "y" such


square number skwɛr nəmbər
that "y =x^2 "

square root of a number "x" is a number "y"


Square root skwɛr rut
such that "y^2 = x"

multiplied by məltəplajd baj "*"


equal ikwəl "="

add æd "+"

minus majnəs "-"

divided by dɪvajdəd baj "/"

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