UNIT-1 QUESTIONS

1(a) Draw the functional block diagram of simple pulse radar and explain the Purpose and
functioning of each block in it.
(b)What are the peak power and duty cycle of radar whose average transmitter Power is
200W, pulse width of 1µs and a pulse repetition frequency of 1000 Hz?
2(a) Derive the simple form of the Radar equation.
(b) Compute the maximum detectable range of a radar system specified below
(i) Operating wavelength = 3.2 cm (ii) Peak pulse transmitted power = 500 kW
(iii) Minimum detectable power = 10-3 W (iv) Capture area of the antenna = 5 sq.m.
(v)Radar cross-sectional area of the target = 20 sq.m.
3(a) List all the possible losses in a radar system and discuss the possible causes of each of
them.
(b) Discuss about the factors that influence the prediction of radar range.
4(a) Describe how threshold level for detection is decided in the presence of receiver noise
for a specified probability of occurrence of false alarms.
(b) Describe the effect of pulse repetition frequency on the estimated unambiguous range
of radar.
5(a) Define Minimum Detectable Signal
(b)Derive an RADAR RANGE EQUATION considering internal noise of receiver?
6(a) Establish a relation between the probability of false alarm and detection threshold level
of a radar receiver in the presence of noise.
(b) Define false detection and missed detection.
7(a) Derive an RADAR RANGE EQUATION considering AVERAGE POWER AND DUTY CYCLE of
the pulse waveform
(b) Calculate the minimum receivable signal in a radar receiver which an IF BW of 1MHz and
Noise figure of 6 db.
8(a) Derive fundamental radar range equation governed by minimum receivable echo power
Smin.Modify the range equation for an antenna with a transmitting gain G and perating
at a wavelength λ.
(b) what are the differences between pre integration and post integration of radar pulses at
the receiver.
9(a) Define Radar Cross-section of Targets?
(b) Determine the Radar cross-section of a cone sphere.
10(a) A RADAR system operates at 6 GHz 3MW power output. If the antenna diameter is
5m and the receiver bandwidth is 1.5MHz and has a 12 dB noise figure. What is the
maximum detection range for 1m2 target.
(b) Estimate the radar cross-section of a spherical target if the wavelength of transmitting
signal with reference to the target size is in Rayleigh region.
 UNIT-2 QUESTIONS
1(a) what is Doppler frequency shift? Establish a relation between Doppler frequency shift
and radial velocity of a moving target.
(b)Find the Doppler shift caused by a vehicle moving towards radar at 96km/h, if the radar
operates at 10GHz
2(a) Draw the block diagram of simple CW radar and explain the operation of that radar
(b) Describe methods to achieve isolation between transmitter and receiver of CW Doppler
Radar if same antenna is to be used for transmission and reception.
3(a) With the help of a suitable block diagram, explain the operation of a CW radar with non-
Zero IF in the receiver.
(b) What are the factors that limit the amount of isolation between Transmitter & receiver
of CW Radar?
4(a) Discuss the effect of receiver bandwidth on the efficiency of detection and performance
of a CW Doppler radar..
(b) Write the applications of CW radar.
5(a) With the help of suitable block diagram, explain the operation of a FM-CW altimeter.
(b) List out the possible errors for measurement of altitudes accurately using a FM-CW
altimeter
6(a) With necessary mathematical expressions, describe range and Doppler measurement if
the transmitted signal of a CW radar is frequency modulated.
(b) Why simple CW radar canot measure range? What is the main advantage of a CW radar
7(a) Explain the working of FMCW radar with the help of block diagram?
(b) What are the applications of FMCW radar?
8(a) What do you understand by multiple frequency CW radar.
(b) What are the differences between pulse radar and continuous radar?
9(a) Write about the necessity of using banks in CW radar receiver system
(b) A target is closing on a radial of a radar with a relative velocity of 200 knots. THE RADAR
transmits wave energy at a wave length of 5cm.what will be the Doppler shift of the
target?
10. Write short notes on
(a)limitations of CW radar (b)Multi frequency CW radar
 UNIT-3 QUESTIONS
1(a) what do you understand by term MTI?
(b)Draw a block diagram and explanation the operation of an MTI Radar
2(a) Describe the butterfly effect on A-scope?
(b) Draw the block diagram of MTI Receiver with delay line canceller? Explain it?
3(a) Illustrate the concept of blind speeds based on the frequency response of a single delay
line canceller.
(b)Explain the operation of DOUBLE CANCELLATION method?
4(a)Calculate the lowest blind speed of an MTI system operating at 3.6 cm wave length and
transmitting at a pulse repetition time of 330 µS.
(b) Explore the possibility of broadening the clutter rejection null using a second delay line
canceller in the MTI radar system.
5(a) With the help of necessary block diagram explain the operation of an MTI radar system
with a power amplifier in the transmitter.
(b) Write notes on Transversal filters?
6(a) What are the differences between CW Radar and MTI Radar?
(b) ) With the help of necessary block diagram explain the operation of an MTI radar system
with a power-oscillator transmitter.
7(a)What are the various aspects of MTI from a moving platform
(b) Compare and contrast the situations with a power amplifier and a power oscillator in
the transmitter of an MTI system
8(a) With the help of necessary block diagram explain the operation of an MOVING TARGET
DETECTOR (MTD)
(b)Discuss the pulse Doppler radar ?
9(a) Discuss the factors limiting the performance of an MTI system.
(b) What are the differences between pulse Doppler radar and MTI radar?
10 Explain the following limitations of MTI radar.
(a) Equipment instabilities.
(b) Scanning modulation.
(c) Internal fluctuation of clutter