-Abstract (NonniNUI)

For the overall, introduction briefly discussed about defining crystallization and
it’s process, also what information we need to know before doing the experiment. The
rest of the report are experiment materials, results, discussion, conclusion, suggestions,
references and worklog.
The direction and information were provided in this report, even everyone
should have done their own flowchart already. The information are mainly about
process to make crystals, also about the compound chemical structures and stuff.
For brief summaries of procedures, first we break up the tetramethylammonium
iodide. Then add iodine and ethanol into the container, heat it, then set it to room
temperature and wait for the crystal to form. Lastly we collect the crystals and weight it.
To conclude, everyone shouldn’t forget the safety materials such as goggles,
gloves, lab coat and don’t forget to wear closed toe shoes too!

-Introduction (Newchubuchubu lnwza007 WOOOOOOW)

Crystallization is the process which solid are form. It plays an important role in
industry and economy. It can be used in jewelry, diamonds, and rubies to become
cutting tools, lasers, and accessories. As chemical reactions are always occurring around
us, and chemical reaction will carry out chemical change such as shape change, state
change, gas release, new substances, and color release. Sometimes when multiple
products are formed the chemist may want to separate one compound from the others,
this can be done by the process called recrystallization, where a solution of compounds
can be dissolve in hot water and then cooled. As it cools, one substance crystalize
(become crystals), and can be removed from the rest of the liquid, which holds the other
compound (Buddies and Buddies, 2017) [1]. However, the resulting crystal depends
largely on many factors such as temperature, air pressure, and time of evaporation. The
objective of this experiment is to learn chemical reaction during the process of
crystallization and also learn to apply chemical equation for this lab and calculate the
limiting reagent, excess reagent, and percent yield.
As we did this experiment we need to be able to classify the property of the
element such as isotopes, melting point, boiling point, atomic mass, and atomic number.
Firstly, we need to know about mass relationship. Atomic mass or atomic weight is the
mass of atom in atomic mass unit such as c12 has mass 12 amu. Mole(mol) is the amount
of substance that contains as many as elementary entities and molar mass is the mass of
1 mol of unit of substances. In addition, molecular mass or molecular weight is the sum
of atomic mass as we can mole from the formula below.
Secondly, we need to know how to balance the chemical equation. However, the amount
of reactant side (left side) need to be equal by the mass with the product side (right
side) of the equation. According to the law of conservation of mass, when a chemical
reaction occurs, the mass of the products should be equal to the mass of the reactants.
Therefore, the amount of the atoms in each element does not change in the chemical
reaction. (Study.com, 2017) [2]. Thirdly, we need to be able to identify which
component is limiting reagent and excess reagent. In a chemical reaction, reactants that
are not used up when the reaction is finished are called excess reagents. The reagent
that is completely used up or reacted is called the limiting reagent, because its quantity
limits the number of products formed. (Chieh, 2017) [3]. We can classify which
component is excess reagent or limiting reagent by compare the amount of mass in
gram of the product side, then which results is less than other result, the result that is
less is limiting reagent and the other result that is more is excess reagent. Lastly, we
need to calculate the percent yield to compare how much product you should have
gotten from running a reaction against how much you actually got. We can get the
percent yield by calculating from the formula below.

On this experiment, we will use the substances, Tetramethylammonium (0.5g) and

adding with Iodine (1.3g) to be the reactant. As the chemical equation is
Me4N+I- + 2I2 Me4N+I5-.
Below is the chemical structure of the equation for this experiment.

-Experiment (Yoke)
Materials :
1. Tetramethylammonium iodide (Me4N+I-)
2. Iodine (I 2)
3. 95% Ethanol (C2H5OH)
4. Hexane (C6H14)
 Laboratory Apparatus :
1. 50 mL beaker
2. Cylinder
3. Weighing paper
4. Lab spatula
5. Stirring rod
6. Hot plate
7. Filter paper
8. Watching glass
9. Ice bath
10. Funnel
11. Electronic balance
12. Capped vial

Experimental Method :
1. Add 0.5g of tetramethylammonium iodide to the 50 mL beaker, and use a
stirring rod to break up the clumps of tetramethylammonium iodide.
2. Add 1.3 g of iodine and 12 mL of 95% ethanol into the beaker.
3. Heat the beaker, stirring on a hot-plate in a fume hood for 10 minutes
until tetramethylammonium iodide has dissolved.
4. Heat the solution at a low temperature to prevent the formation of crystal.
5. Remove the solution from the hot-plate and allow the beaker to cool
down without disturbing it (disturbing it can cause the small crystal to
form.)
6. The crystals are formed.
7. Once at room temperature, placing the beaker of solution in an ice bath
for 10 minutes. During this time, prepare the apparatus for suction
filtration.
8. Using vacuum filtration, collect the crystals, then wash them with hexanes
(5 mL), until the filtrate dropping from the funnel has no colour.
9. Air-dry the result and weigh.
10. Hand in the sample in a capped vial, labelled your name, the name of the
compound, and the date.

-Results (Fern)
Tetramethylammonium iodide mix with iodine have brown and yellow color with no
crystal

Tetramethylammonium iodide after put on ice bath have dark green and yellow color
with no crystal

Tetramethylammonium iodide after let it cool down have dark olive green and white
color with flake shape
However, we dropped the watching glass so we can’t measure it weight, we decided to
assumed the weight from other group which is 1.1 g

-Discussion(Josey)
Me4N+I- + 2I2 ----> Me4N+I5-
Me4N+I-
molecular weight: 14.007 + (4 x 12.011) + (12 x 1) + 126.904 = 200.955g
change 0.5g (given) into mol:
0.5g / 48+12+14+127 = 2.48 x 10-3 mol
because it takes 1Me4N+I- to make 1Me4N+I5- so:
2.48 x 10-3 of Me4N+I- = 2.48 x 10-3 mol of Me4N+I5-
change 2.48 x 10-3 mol into gram:
2.48 x 10-3 = g/ 709 (molecular weight of Me4N+I5-)
mass of Me4N+I5- = 1.7016g

2I2
molecular weight: 126.904 x 2 = 253.808g
change 1.3g (given) into mol:
1.3g / 126.904 = 5.12 x 10-3 mol
because it takes 2I2 to make 1Me4N+I5- so:
5.12 x 10-3 of 2I2 = 5.12 x 10-3 / 2 mol of Me4N+I5- = 2.56 x 10-3
change 2.56 x 10-3 mol into gram:
2.56 x 10-3 = g/ 709 (molecular weight of Me4N+I5-)
mass of Me4N+I5- = 1.82g

mass of Me4N+I5- created by Me4N+I- = 1.7016g

mass of Me4N+I5- created by 2I2 = 1.82g
So Me4N+I- is the limiting reagent because the mass created by Me4N+I- is less
than the mass created by 2I2.
 To calculate the excess reagent left we have to use both mol and multiply by the
mass of 2I2
[(2.48 x 10-3 mol) + (2.48 x 10-3 mol)] x 253.8g = 0.629
remaining = 1.3 - 0.629 = 0.67g

64.65% is the percent yield which shows us how much we actually get from how
much we actually calculate. It’s not bad but a lot of product was wasted during the
experiment. I believe that most of it came from human error, this include us not
measuring the amount precisely of that we spill it in one of the process. But this error
will lead to a better experiment next time, we will look out for human errors and other
errors and make sure it as happens as little as possible.

-Conclusion (Josey)

Me4N+I- : molecular weight = 200.955g = 2.48 x 10-3 mol

Me4N+I5- from Me4N+I- = 1.7016g = 2.48 x 10-3 mol
2I2 : molecular weight = 253.808g = 5.12 x 10-3 mol
Me4N+I5- from 2I2 = 1.82g = 2.56 x 10-3 mol
Limiting reagent: Me4N+I-
Excess reagent: 2I2
Amount of excess reagent left over: 0.67g
Actual yield: 1.1 g
Theoritecal yield: 1.7016
Percent yield: ( 1.1 / 1.7016 ) x 100 = 64.65%

The product from the synthesis of tetramethylammonium pentaiodide came out

unfortunately was all spilled on the floor but before spilling I took a look at it and it was
sparkling green with a little hint of purple. Mine was a failure because it didn’t form as
crystals and came out looking like ashes. I learn that how to make crystal and also how
the chemical reaction between two elements help doing it.

-Suggestions (DD)
In the next lab, we will be more careful about the time during experiment
because we ran out of time. The time, while we did heating and cooling the chemical is
too short and it might not enough for crystal to fully form. We will be more careful
while moved and observed the chemical because in this lab, the chemical fell down
when we observed it. So, it made our lab fail in the final step.

Reference
[1] Buddies, S. and Buddies, S. (2017). Solubility Science: How to Grow the Best Crystals.
[online] Scientific American. Available at:
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/bring-science-home-crystals/ [Accessed 5
Dec. 2017].

[2]Study.com. (2017). Balanced Chemical Equation: Definition & Examples - Video &
Lesson Transcript | Study.com. [online] Available at:
https://study.com/academy/lesson/balanced-chemical-equation-definition-
examples.html [Accessed 5 Dec. 2017].

[3]Chieh, C. (2017). Excess and Limiting Reagents - Chemistry LibreTexts. [online]

Chem.libretexts.org. Available at:
https://chem.libretexts.org/Core/Inorganic_Chemistry/Chemical_Reactions/Stoichiom
etry/Excess_and_Limiting_Reagents [Accessed 5 Dec. 2017].

Work Log

Members Work

Josey Discussion, Conclusion

Nonni Abstract

Yoke Experiment

Ferm Result

DD Suggestion

New Introduction