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04 to 08 October 2010

Semester 1 AY 2010/2011

e L e a r n i n g We e k
The eLearning Week Preparation Updated 03-Sep-2010
Get ready for eLearning Week
Guide gives an overview of
eLearning Week tools. You must Preparation Guide
still refer to the individual tool’s
user guides on the respective
web pages for details.
Introduction These were  held successfully,
and  the Faculty of Arts & Social
CONTENTS An eLearning Week will take place Sciences has been selected to carry
at the Faculty of Arts & Social out  the next  full implementation of
2 IVLE
Sciences from 4 to 8 October 2010, eLearning Week. This will pose
2 General Tips
Week 8 of Semester 1 AY 2010/2011. challenges as faculty staff and
3 Summary of Online students  will have to adapt to online
Tutorial and Seminar This will involve all modules and methods of conducting tutorials and
includes lectures, tutorials and seminars.
Tools
seminars. Computer Centre, the
4 Web Conferencing The Office of the Provost hopes that
Centre for Instructional Technology
5 IVLE Chat (CIT), and the Faculty of Arts & Social you take this exercise as an opportunity
5 IVLE Discussion Forum Sciences IT Unit will be managing to pick up new skills and to prepare
the  preparations and conduct of yourself for emergency situations.
6 Summary of Online
eLearning Week, under the direction
Lecture Tools of the Office of the Provost.
7 Presentation + Lecture University's
Objectives
Notes
Why eLearning Week?
7 Presentation + Audio • Stress test the University's ability to
Recording The threat of a pandemic situation carry on teaching during major
leading to campus zoning or home disruptions without seriously affecting
8 Previously recorded
quarantine is real. Other emergencies students’ study plans.
Webcasts or accidents may also necessitate
8 Pre-recorded Webcasts temporary measures that require • Encourage faculty to explore and
9 Breeze students and staff to stay at home. develop innovative ways of teaching.
During these times, eLearning can be
10 Screen Recording
instituted so that the University can
11 Other Tools continue a certain level of teaching Outcomes
12 FAQ and learning.
Through eLearning Week, CIT
hopes that faculty staff:
eLearning Week Enquiries Last  year, the University's first
campus-wide eLearning Week focused
Mr TAN Keok Tay • Learn about the options available to
on lecture delivery. Tutorials and
fastkt@nus.edu.sg them for eLearning.
seminars could not be included due to
6516 7939
the massive amount of resources that
• Lear n at least one method of
would have been required to carry this
Mr Kenneth PINTO delivering a lecture and conducting a
out for the whole of
kennethpinto@nus.edu.sg class online.
NUS. Subsequently, the NUS Business
6516 1531 School conducted a comprehensive
eLearning  Week with  tutorials and
Website seminars online.
cit.nus.edu.sg/elearning-week

cit.nus.edu.sg/elearning-week/ 1
eLearning Week
04 to 08 October 2010

IVLE
The basic requirement for eLearning Week is a presence on
IVLE. This will be the conduit through which you communicate
with your students during eLearning Week.
• Keep your module syllabus updated so that students will know
what to expect for eLearning Week.
• Upload your lecture notes to the Workbin as a backup.
• Maintain a Discussion Forum for the eLearning Week lecture.
This gives students a space to clarify doubts and for you to
clear up misunderstood points.
• Use the Multimedia tool to deliver audio recordings, webcasts,
screencasts (screen recording) and Breeze presentations.

But don't worry if you make mistakes


General Tips While writing a script helps to minimise pauses and
Preparation Tips unplanned interruptions, it is fine if you make mistakes. Your
recorded lecture need not be absolutely perfect. In fact, some
Early preparation mistakes gives online lectures a more natural feel.
Like a student preparing well for examinations, early
preparation is vital. It is no different with creating online Audio Tips
learning materials and conducting online classes. You will need
Hold your web conference or record your lecture in a
time to figure out which tool you want to use. After which, you
quiet place
will need time to learn how to use the chosen tool and become
The audio quality of a microphone connected to PCs will
conversant enough to use it effectively. Finally, you may run
not be of studio standard. However, this is adequate for a
into unforeseen circumstances when creating/publishing your
decent recording. What matters more is background noise. You
online lecture or during your online class. You may have to
can minimise background noise by recording in a quiet room.
create online lectures for more than one module, so schedule
You may want to put a notice on the door to indicate that you
enough time for each lecture.
are recording or in an online session, lest you get interrupted by
Choose a tool which fits you someone knocking on the door.
There are many options available to you, so which one do
Use a headset with microphone
you choose? You will have to try out a few options and find
For audio on a computer, you may want to use a headset
what works best. While you may want to be adventurous, the
with a microphone. This will help prevent feedback during
reality is that the simpler options may be the most feasible ones,
recording or online classes.
especially in a real situation when you do not have time to
create an optimal online lecture. Of course, if you are tech- Points to note
savvy, you may wish to explore and exploit the various
Online lectures are likely to be shorter than usual
technologies to their fullest. You may even want to try different
If you record your own lecture, you may find that it runs
tools for different modules. Just remember to leave enough time
much faster than a face-to-face lecture. This is entirely normal
to do it!
as you will not start late or pause for interruptions. You will also
Consider writing your lecture script... not be able to react to the students, leading to a condensed
It is natural that you will want record your lecture as you lecture. Do note that shorter lectures may be a good thing. The
normally deliver lecturers: without a script. While this allows average student might not be able to concentrate for extended
for spontaneity, you may find that you end up re-recording periods sitting in front of an online lecture.
many times so that no one hears your fumbles, “ums” and
eLearning is unlikely to be as effective as face-to-face
“ahs”. In order to save time, you may consider writing your
It takes a fair amount of skill and practice to be as effective
lecture script first. This may not sound as natural, but it will
online as you are offline. Do keep in mind the context in which
save a lot of time during recording.
eLearning takes place: it is meant to be a temporary measure
while students and staff are required to stay at home during
emergencies.

2 cit.nus.edu.sg/elearning-week/
04 to 08 October 2010
Semester 1 AY 2010/2011

Summary of Online Tutorial and Seminar Tools


Tool Features Requirements Structure
Win/Mac computer,
Audio chat, text chat,
headset w/microphone,
Application sharing,
IE/Firefox/Safari,
Web Conferencing Virtual whiteboard, Feature-rich
Internet connection
Shared annotation,
(broadband preferred),
Session recording
Webcam (optional)

Win/Mac computer,
IVLE Chat Text chat, save text chat Internet connection, Simple
Web browser

Win/Mac computer,
IVLE Discussion Forum Threaded discussions Internet connection, Simple
Web browser

Tool Advantages Disadvantages Mode


Offers a variety of No non-verbal cues from
Synchronous - participants
Web Conferencing communication and students.
log on at the same time
collaboration options Requires bandwidth.

Students are already Text and audio-only, compared Synchronous - participants


IVLE Chat familiar with this to web conferencing log on at the same time

Students are already Asynchronous - can


IVLE Discussion Forum Discussions limited to text
familiar with this participate at any time

WEB CONFERENCING
• Using WebEx, shown above, you can conduct an online class. In the screenshot above, you can see WebEx from the
student’s view. The student can see the presentation that the lecturer is sharing. The lecturer can also share other
documents, which students can annotate if they are given permission. The panel on the right is currently displaying
the participants and the text chat box.

cit.nus.edu.sg/elearning-week/ 3
eLearning Week
04 to 08 October 2010

Web Conferencing Workflow

Website
http://cit.nus.edu.sg/web-conferencing/ Prepare materials for display: slides,
documents, websites, etc.
Contact
Web Conferencing Team citbox7@nus.edu.sg

What is it? Login 30 mins before session (if possible) at


Web conferencing, via WebEx, allows you to have classes http://nus.webex.com/
online, without using specialized video conference hardware.
You and your students will meet using your own computers
connected to the internet. With web conferencing, you and
your students will communicate as if you are all on walkie- Start the session
talkies: you have to press an on-screen button to speak. Users
can engage in audio, video (optional) and text chat, share what
is displayed on their computer desktops as well as display and
annotate documents or a virtual whiteboard. Session leaders Take attendance as students enter session
can take attendance and record the session for playback later.

Technical Requirements
1. Windows or Mac computer with: Set ground rules for online session
• Internet access (broadband preferred)
• Internet Explorer / Firefox (Win), Firefox / Safari (Mac)
• Headset with microphone
• Webcam (if transmitting video)
Conduct session, record if necessary

Tips
Inform your class before hand
Your students will not know which tool you will be using in
advance. If you use WebEx, you have to inform them what to
expect. For example: The tutorial/seminar will take place at
the usual time. Students should expect an email in advance to
inform them of the session and the login details.

Choose a quiet place


In order not to pick up unnecessary background noise
during your online class, choose a quiet place to conduct the
session. Make sure you advise your students to do this too!

Test audio levels


If you have time before your session, do make sure that your
students can hear you and vice-versa.

Enable chat between participants


While you may want to control the session by disabling text
chat between participants, it is useful to enable chat. This is
particularly important if they encounter technical problems.
Their classmates can try to assist each other instead of asking
you. You should remain free to focus on your session.

If possible, get an assistant


You will be busy conducting the class. Try to get someone to
assist you with the session. The assistant (or panelist in WebEx
lingo) can handle attendance, technical issues and watch out for
questions and respond to text chat messages.

4 cit.nus.edu.sg/elearning-week/
04 to 08 October 2010
Semester 1 AY 2010/2011

IVLE Chat IVLE Discussion Forum


Contact Contact
IVLE Team citivle@nus.edu.sg IVLE Team citivle@nus.edu.sg

What is it? What is it?


IVLE Chat is an instant messaging system for your module IVLE Discussion Forums allow for threaded discussions
in IVLE. Users will have to log in to the chat room in order to where all users need not be in the forum at the same time.
take part in the online discussion. The text chat session is saved Discussion forum posts also can be more lengthy and in-depth
for future reference. Users can also chat via audio (note that compared to chat as students have time to formulate their
audio chat cannot be saved). responses. You can start off discussion topics for students to
work on, or you can let students raise questions for you or their
Technical Requirements peers to respond to.
1. Computer with:
• Internet access Technical Requirements
• Web browser for IVLE 1. Computer with:
• Internet access
Inform your class before hand
• Web browser for IVLE
Your students will not know which tool you will be using in
advance. If you use IVLE Chat, you have to inform them what
to expect. For example: The tutorial/seminar will take place at Workflow
the usual time. Students have to log in to IVLE and go to a
specific chat room to join the session.
Create discussion forum in IVLE
Workflow

Create chat room in IVLE Seed discussion forum with questions

Inform students about session Participate in discussions

Conduct chat session

cit.nus.edu.sg/elearning-week/ 5
eLearning Week
04 to 08 October 2010

Summary of online lecture tools

Group Tool Mode Output Format Requirements

Presentation + Slides & notes uploaded Presentation slides &


Self-service
Lecture Notes to IVLE lecture notes
Basic
Presentation slides &
Presentation + Slides & audio recording
Self-service audio recorder,
Audio Recording (mp3) uploaded to IVLE
PC microphone

Previously Video of lecturer + Webcast from


Recorded for you
recorded Webcast coordinated lecture slides previous semester
Webcast
Pre-recorded Video of lecturer +
Recorded for you None
Webcast coordinated lecture slides

Windows computer,
PC microphone,
Flash-based
Breeze Self-service PowerPoint,
web page
Breeze account,
Adobe Presenter plugin
Advanced
Win/Mac computer,
Video of screen PC microphone,
Screen Recording Self-service
recording Camtasia Relay account,
Camtasia Relay recorder

Group Tool Advantage(s) Disadvantage(s) Ideal for

Presentation + No additional skills Lecture notes must be Faculty staff who are
Lecture Notes required comprehensive pressed for time
Basic
Situations where
Presentation + Most simple eLearning
- presentation is only text
Audio Recording lecture solution
+ images

Only need to inform CIT Lecture content may have


Previously Faculty staff who have
about which lecture to changed from previous
recorded Webcast used webcasts
replay semester
Webcast Time has to be scheduled Faculty staff who have
Pre-recorded Normal lecture to do this, might not be not used webcasts but
Webcast preparation viable in actual want video + slides
emergency format

Breeze authoring is Faculty staff who only use


Works from within
Breeze PowerPoint on Windows PowerPoint in
PowerPoint
only presentations
Advanced Faculty staff who display
Windows or Mac Planning necessary as
slides, websites &
Screen Recording authoring, displays Camtasia Relay records in
software demos
anything shown on screen one continuous take.
during lectures

6 cit.nus.edu.sg/elearning-week/
04 to 08 October 2010
Semester 1 AY 2010/2011

Presentation Presentation
+ Lecture Notes + Audio Recording
Contact Website
IVLE Team citivle@nus.edu.sg http://cit.nus.edu.sg/audio-recording/

What is it? Contact


The Presentation + Lecture Notes solution is the simplest Mr Kenneth PINTO citpkg@nus.edu.sg
way to deliver an online lecture. Students can download the
presentation slides and lecture notes. You will not need What is it?
The Presentation + Audio Recording solution is the simplest
anything other than presentation software, a word processor
way to create an enhanced lecture. Students can download the
and IVLE. This is suitable for faculty staff who are severely
presentation slides and audio file. They can listen to the audio
limited by time or are not able to use the more complex tools
recording while viewing the lecture slides on the computer.
available.
Alternatively, they can print the lecture slides and listen to the
Technical Requirements audio file on their portable media devices. This is suitable for
1. Computer with: faculty staff who are limited by time or who want a simple
• Internet access method to record their lectures.
• Web browser for IVLE
2. Presentation software Technical Requirements
1. Computer with:
e.g. Microsoft PowerPoint, Apple Keynote, OpenOffice
• Internet access
3. Word processor
• Microphone
e.g. Microsoft Word, Apple Pages, OpenOffice
• Web browser for IVLE
Workflow 2. Presentation software
e.g. Microsoft PowerPoint, Apple Keynote, OpenOffice
3. Audio recording software
Create presentation slides e.g. Audacity

Tips
Write lecture notes Audio cues for change of slide
As you are recording the audio file for the lecture, you may
want to give your students audio indications about which slide
they should be viewing. It can be as simple as saying “Next
Upload both to IVLE Workbin slide”, if you are going in a linear fashion. If you need to jump
back and forth between slides, make sure that they slides are
numbered and refer to the slide numbers as you record the
audio file.

Workflow

Create presentation slides

Download and install


Audio Recording software
AUDIO RECORDING
• Using Audacity, shown above, you can record your
audio lecture. As the output is an mp3 file, it can be
Record audio lecture
played on any computer or portable media device.

Upload lecture slides and audio file to IVLE

cit.nus.edu.sg/elearning-week/ 7
eLearning Week
04 to 08 October 2010

Previously recorded Pre-recorded


Webcasts Webcasts
Contact Contact
Mr LIM Sew Hoo citlimsh@nus.edu.sg Mr LIM Sew Hoo citlimsh@nus.edu.sg
Mr YONG Chee Ann cityca@nus.edu.sg Mr YONG Chee Ann cityca@nus.edu.sg

What is it? What is it?


If you have used Webcasts in previous semesters and the A pre-recorded Webcast is a webcast created in advance of
lecture content has not varied, you can choose to reload the the lecture date. CIT will record the video of you while you
respective Webcast for eLearning Week. Please contact CIT, click through your slides. It is just like a normal Webcast,
and we will arrange this for you. The Webcast will be made except that you will be recorded without the students in front of
available in IVLE.. you ahead of time. Contact CIT if you are interested in doing
this. We will arrange a time and date to record the webcast in
Technical Requirements advance of eLearning Week. The Webcast will be made
1. You have created Webcasts in previous semesters.
available in IVLE. Note that this method may not be feasible
Workflow during an actual emergency situation as there may be too little
time to cater to recording for a large number of faculty staff.

Email Webcast contact Technical Requirements


1. You must have your presentation slides ready for the
recording.

CIT republished Webcast in IVLE Workflow

Email Webcast contact

WEBCASTS
CIT arranges schedule
• Two examples of webcasts can be seen below. and records your lecture
Webcasts typically display your presentation slides
or computer desktop.

CIT publishes Webcast to IVLE

8 cit.nus.edu.sg/elearning-week/
04 to 08 October 2010
Semester 1 AY 2010/2011

Breeze Workflow: Register for Breeze

Website
http://cit.nus.edu.sg/breeze-diy-courseware/ | Example Visit
http://cit.nus.edu.sg/breeze-diy-courseware/
Contact
Mr NARAYANAN Shyam citns@nus.edu.sg
Mr LIM Han Leong citlhl@nus.edu.sg
Click Register and fill in form
What is it?
Breeze is PowerPoint with audio, packaged into a standalone
Flash website. This is enabled by the Adobe Presenter plugin,
which resides in PowerPoint. You can record your audio slide Wait for confirmation email
by slide, with the option of adding simple quizzes and videos. (by next working day)
After recording the audio for the slides, you can publish it to
the Breeze server. You should then copy the web link that
Breeze generates and put it in IVLE. Read attached instructions
in confirmation email
Technical Requirements
1. Windows computer with:
• Internet access
• Microphone Download and install
2. Microsoft PowerPoint XP, 2003 or 2007 Adobe Presenter plugin
3. Adobe Presenter plugin for PowerPoint (download after
registration)
Note: Only the creation of Breeze presentations requires
Open Microsoft PowerPoint
Windows & PowerPoint. Students can view Breeze presentations
on any Flash-enabled web browser, on Windows or Mac, that is
connected to the internet.
Configure Adobe Presenter preferences
Tips
Start preparing early
Workflow: Create Breeze
You will need time to plan, record and upload the
presentation
presentation. Traffic jams happen online as they do in real life
during rush hour. As we anticipate high demand, many faculty
staff will be attempting to upload their presentations close to Load pre-existing presentation
eLearning Week. This may result in slow or failed uploads. You or create new presentation
can avoid these online traffic jams by preparing early.

Keep the PowerPoint file small


This will reduce the possibility of a failed upload. Also, you Record audio over presentation
can follow these tips for:
• PowerPoint 2003
http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/power point/ Publish presentation to Breeze server
HA011168821033.aspx
• PowerPoint 2007
http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/power point/
HA101922001033.aspx Publish presentation URL
You should also break up your lecture into 30-minute
to IVLE Multimedia
(estimated) sections for easier uploading.

Resist the temptation to re-record


As Breeze allows you to record your audio per slide, you may
be tempted to re-record every slide until you get it perfect. This
can be very time consuming. In fact, a few imperfections may
help to make a scripted presentation seem more natural and
lively.

cit.nus.edu.sg/elearning-week/ 9
eLearning Week
04 to 08 October 2010

Record your presentation in intervals of 20 to 30


Screen Recording minutes
Website Breaking up your presentation into smaller chunks reduces
http://cit.nus.edu.sg/screen-recording/ | Example the chances of failed uploads.

Contact Workflow: Register for Screen


Mr Prasad IYER citki@nus.edu.sg Recording
What is it?
Screen Recording is a video recording of what happens on Email Screen Recording contact
your computer desktop while you are narrating. This is enabled
by Camtasia Relay. For example, you can show a presentation
in Acrobat Reader or PowerPoint and start recording the
desktop while you narrate. As the recording continues, you can Wait for confirmation email
switch to your web browser to show a website that you want to (by next working day)
highlight while you continue talking. You can then switch back
to the presentation. After you upload, Camtasia Relay will
generate a video file, available via a URL. The URL for this Read attached instructions
video file can be placed in Multimedia on IVLE. Please note in confirmation email
that there is no video (talking head) of the lecturer in Camtasia
Relay.

Technical Requirements Log in to http://screencast.nus.edu.sg/


1. Windows or Macintosh computer with:
• at least 2 GB free hard disk space
• Internet access
Download Camtasia Relay Recorder
• Microphone for your operating system
2. Camtasia Relay Recorder software (download after
registration)

Tips Install Camtasia Relay Recorder


Start preparing early
You will need time to plan, record and upload the
Workflow: Create Screen
presentation. Traffic jams happen online as they do in real life
Recording
during rush hour. As we anticipate high demand, many faculty
staff will be attempting to upload their presentations close to
eLearning Week. This may result in slow or failed uploads. You Launch Camtasia Relay and log in
can avoid these online traffic jams by preparing early.

Plan your presentation


Camtasia Relay records “as live” in one continuous take and Prepare computer, presentation software
in full screen, so you have to plan your presentation in detail and other programs for recording
before you start. Even though you can pause during recording,
you cannot choose to re-record a previous section if you made
a mistake. (You will have to re-record everything from the start,
Record presentation
up until the point you left off.) You should:
• open all necessary programs you will show during the
recording e.g. presentation software, web browser and any
other program you intend to demonstrate Submit recording
• preload any websites if necessary
• close any programs which have pop-up notifications or
emit sounds
Wait for email notification
• choose a neutral wallpaper and clear your desktop of any
sensitive materials
• script your presentation, annotated with the actions you
need to take at each point Publish video link to IVLE Multimedia
• rehearse before recording

10 cit.nus.edu.sg/elearning-week/
04 to 08 October 2010
Semester 1 AY 2010/2011

BREEZE
• Breeze produces a
standalone Flash website, as
shown on the left.

SCREEN
RECORDING
• Since the output of screen
recording is a video, it is
difficult to show here in
print. Watch this screen
recording demonstration:
http://snipurl.com/rncj8

Other Tools Prezi


http://www.prezi.com/
You may consider other ways to deliver your lectures
Prezi is an online presentation tool which dispenses with
online. We encourage you to try these tools as alternative ways
the idea of slides. It is based on the concept of a big picture/
to create, host or disseminate presentations. While CIT does
small picture or as they call it “zooming sketches on a digital
not endorse nor provide official support for these following
napkin”.
products, we want to highlight that there are options besides
PowerPoint.
Slideshare
http://www.slideshare.net/
Google Docs & Zoho This site is known as the YouTube of presentations. You
http://docs.google.com/ &
can upload your presentations in various popular formats, and
http://www.zoho.com/
it will generate a Flash-based presentation on its own page on
Google Docs and Zoho are both online office suites.
their site. You can embed this presentation on other websites or
Instead of installing software on your computer, these office
blogs. You can also add an audio track to create a self-
suites exists online, similar to webmail. Both Google Docs and
supporting online audio lecture with co-ordinated slides.
Zoho have a presentation tool which enables you to create
presentations online without any software. As long as you have
a connection to the internet, you will be able to create your Scribd
presentation. http://www.scribd.com/
Scribd goes ones step further than Slideshare, it will host
documents, as well as presentations. Documents and
presentations can then be embedded in websites or blogs and
shared with others.

cit.nus.edu.sg/elearning-week/ 11
eLearning Week
04 to 08 October 2010

FAQ Frequently Asked Questions

I am not sure about which tool to use. Please contact Mr TAN Keok Tay at fastkt@nus.edu.sg or Mr Kenneth PINTO
Who can I contact about this? at citpkg@nus.edu.sg for general enquiries.
If you are interested in a particular tool or are already using it and require
assistance, please contact the respective contact persons listed for the tool in this guide
or on the CIT website.

The workflows do not seem complete. This guide provides an overview of the tools. It is not meant to be a user guide for
Where can I access more information? any of these services. Detailed user guides are available on the individual tool’s web
page. You can also email the respective contacts for each tool.

Do I need a webcam? No, a webcam is not compulsory for any of the options we offer. The most
important piece of hardware is a headset with microphone. We advise against webcam
use for Web Conferencing and Breeze as this will require more bandwidth and inflate
file sizes respectively.

What if I only decide what goes into For online lectures, it is best to prepare whatever you can first, then add in the
the lecture the week before? other content when you know what you need to add. This is because it will take some
time to prepare your online lecture, especially if you have not tried any of the self-
service tools before.

I need to include audio or video clips Visit the NUS Libraries website and log in. Click E-Forms at the top. Go to D.
in my lecture. What should I do? Multimedia Service and click 2. Request digitization of Audio/Video
materials (for Academic Staff). Fill in the e-form. A technician will follow up on
your request. Please allow for several weeks lead time if you want to do this.

For copyright issues with digitized audio-visual materials, please contact Mr TAN
Kin Hwa: (e) clbtankh@nus.edu.sg (p) 6516 3127 or Mrs TEO-PHOON Moi Ying: (e)
clbteomy@nus.edu.sg (p) 6516 1643.

I use software other than what has Yes, please do so as long as your students can access the final output. Do keep
been mentioned in this guide. Can I use CIT in the loop and send us any feedback you receive from students about the tool you
this software to create my online intend to use during eLearning Week.
lecture?

Can I host my online lecture content Yes, this is not an issue if you agree with the terms of service and privacy policy
using external/non-NUS services? of the third party services/web sites that you use.

Photo Credits
Page 2: #271 eLearning by adesigna, reproduced under a Creative Commons BY-NC-SA 2.0 Generic license
Page 8: CM1101 Webcast by Associate Professor Ryan Phillip Anthony Bettens
Page 8: PH1101E/GEM1004 Webcast by Assistant Professor John Christian Holbo
Page 11: Work by Winston Avich, reproduced under a Creative Commons BY 2.0 Generic license

12 cit.nus.edu.sg/elearning-week/

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