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This product is marked with a CE Mark. This mark has been affixed to demonstrate full product
compliance with the following European directives:
a) Directive 73/23/EEC - Council Directive of 19/02/1973 on the harmonization of the laws of
Member States relating to electrical equipment designed for use within certain voltage limits.
b) Directive 89/336/EEC - Council Directive of 3/05/1989 on the approximation of laws of the
Member States relating to Electro-Magnetic Compatibility (EMC).
Issue Date: February 6, 1996
This product is marked with a TUV Mark. This mark has been affixed to demonstrate full product
compliance with UL60950 for US and Canada.
This product is marked with a GS Mark. This mark has been affixed to demonstrate full product
compliance with German Safety Requirements.
This product is compliant with IEC60950 with all countries deviations, according to the CB
CB scheme.
Japan The product complies with Japan requirements per VCCI V-3/2001.04
Australia The product complies with Australian requirements per AS/NZS CISPR 22:04
Germany The product complies with Deutche Telecom requirements per FTZ1TR9
US Complies with US requirements FCC part 15
Revision record: I-Gate 4000 EDGE General Description

Dwg. Pub. Date Update Description
Rev. Rev.
01 Oct-05 First edition and printing
02 Nov-05 Formatting corrections
A01 03 Apr-06 SW version Kalypso 5.1.1.
Publication No. 05050301
Dwg. No. 480206-1000-101-95-A01
®
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I-Gate 4000 EDGE
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I-Gate 4000 EDGE General Description Contents
Contents
1 Introduction .............................................................................................. 1-1
1.1. New Generation Voice Switching Infrastructure.................................. 1-3
1.2. The I-Gate 4000 EDGE Media Gateway ............................................. 1-5
1.2.1. Industry-Leading Service Performance ................................ 1-5
1.2.2. Carrier-Grade Features ........................................................ 1-8
1.2.3. Ethernet and TDM Bearer Links ........................................... 1-9
1.2.4. Interoperability ...................................................................... 1-9
1.2.5. Synchronization .................................................................. 1-10
1.3. Veraz New Generation Network Solutions ........................................ 1-11
1.4. I-Gate 4000 EDGE Applications........................................................ 1-11
1.5. Examples of I-Gate 4000 EDGE Applications ................................... 1-13
1.5.1. TDM-to-VoIP Class 4/Tandem Switch Replacement -- Domestic
and International Applications.............................................. 1-13
1.5.2. I-Gate 4000 EDGE in Nex-Gen Cellular Network ............... 1-15
1.5.3. Static Trunking over IP or TDM Bearer .............................. 1-17
1.5.4. Business PRI Interface Applications................................... 1-21
2 Physical & Card Description ................................................................... 2-1

2.1. Introduction ......................................................................................... 2-1
2.2. Module Description.............................................................................. 2-1
2.2.1. IC4P Card -- 4-Port TDM Network Interface......................... 2-2
2.2.2. IC8P Card -- 8-Port TDM Network Interface......................... 2-3
2.2.3. ICHP Card -- 20-Port TDM Network Interface ...................... 2-4
2.2.4. BPSM Card -- Basic Processing and Switching Module ...... 2-5
2.2.5. XPSM Card -- Expanded Processing and Switching Module 2-8
2.2.6. Power Supply Modules and Configurations........................ 2-11
2.2.7. EFTM -- Fan Tray Module .................................................. 2-13
2.2.8. ALARM Conn (Connector).................................................. 2-14
2.2.9. Grounding Connection........................................................ 2-14
05050301-03 Veraz Networks Inc. Proprietary i

Contents I-Gate 4000 EDGE General Description
3 Traffic Handling Features ........................................................................ 3-1

3.1. Call Processing Features .................................................................... 3-2
3.1.1. Toll Quality Voice.................................................................. 3-3
3.1.2. Echo Cancellation................................................................. 3-4
3.1.3. Silence Suppression, VAD, and CNG .................................. 3-4
3.1.4. Adaptive Jitter Buffer ............................................................ 3-5
3.1.5. Packet Loss Concealment.................................................... 3-6
3.1.6. Signal Classification ............................................................. 3-7
3.1.7. Fax Quality ........................................................................... 3-8
3.1.8. Modem Support .................................................................... 3-8
3.1.9. Low System Delay................................................................ 3-9
3.1.10. DTMF Support .................................................................... 3-9
3.2. Packet Aggregation and Payload Shaping.......................................... 3-9
3.2.1. Router Load Balancing ....................................................... 3-10
3.3. CSB -- Compressed Common Channel Signaling Backhaul............. 3-11
3.4. Packet Priority Selection ................................................................... 3-12
3.5. QoS Protection Control ..................................................................... 3-12
3.6. TDM Bearer Redundancy Protections............................................... 3-13
3.7. Openness, Interoperability, and Service Quality ............................... 3-14
3.8. Announcement and Tone playing...................................................... 3-15
4 VerazView Management........................................................................... 4-1

4.1. VerazView functional modules ............................................................ 4-1
4.2. VerazView main features .................................................................... 4-1
4.3. Fault and Performance Manager......................................................... 4-3
4.3.1. Fault and Performance Manager Window ............................ 4-3
4.3.2. Event and Alarm Handling.................................................... 4-3
4.4. Configurator ........................................................................................ 4-4
ii Veraz Networks Inc. Proprietary 05050301-03

5 Technical Specifications ......................................................................... 5-1

5.1. Telephony Traffic................................................................................. 5-1
5.2. Trunk Interfaces (PSTN) ..................................................................... 5-2
5.3. Packet Network Interface (IP/TDM)..................................................... 5-2
5.4. Redundancy and Availability ............................................................... 5-3
5.5. System Synchronization...................................................................... 5-3
5.6. Power .................................................................................................. 5-4
5.7. Environmental Conditions ................................................................... 5-4
5.8. Physical Characteristics ...................................................................... 5-4
A Glossary ....................................................................................................A-1
B Index ..........................................................................................................B-1
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Figures
Figure 1-1: Three-Layer Switch Model.................................................................. 1-4
Figure 1-2: New Generation Tandem Network Solution ..................................... 1-14
Figure 1-3: Nex-Gen Cellular Network Application ............................................. 1-16
Figure 1-4: Single Route Application .................................................................. 1-19
Figure 1-5: Point to Multipoint Configuration....................................................... 1-19
Figure 1-6: Multibearer and Multipoint Configuration.......................................... 1-20
Figure 2-1: IC4P Front Panel ................................................................................ 2-2
Figure 2-2: IC8P Front Panel ................................................................................ 2-3
Figure 2-3: ICHP Front Panel ............................................................................... 2-4
Figure 2-4: BPSM Front Panel.............................................................................. 2-5
Figure 2-5: XPSM Front Panel.............................................................................. 2-8
Figure 2-6: EACM Front Panel............................................................................ 2-11
Figure 2-7: EDCM Front Panel ........................................................................... 2-12
Figure 2-8: Fan Tray Unit - EFTM...................................................................... 2-13
Figure 2-9: Alarm Connector............................................................................... 2-14
Figure 2-10: Grounding Lug................................................................................ 2-14
Figure 3-1: Cliff Effect ........................................................................................... 3-7
Figure 3-2: Single TDM Bearer Redundancy Protection..................................... 3-13
Figure 3-3: Multiple TDM Bearer Redundancy Protection .................................. 3-14
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vi Veraz Networks Inc. Proprietary 05050301-03

1
Introduction
Veraz Networks, the leading new-generation network solutions vendor, provides a
best-of-class telephony and multimedia switching solution that meets the challenge
of converging current and future telecommunications capabilities onto a single
Multi-Service Network Infrastructure.
Communication service providers face a complex set of challenges. Worldwide
deregulation has increased the level of competition, forcing service providers to find
new approaches to attract and retain profitable customers. While the ubiquity of the
Internet has resulted in new opportunities for interactions with anyone, anywhere,
the new competitive environment and the rise of the Internet has reduced the
profitability potential of the traditional public voice network. At the same time,
businesses and consumers are moving towards always-on digital connectivity
through broadband and Web-enabled wireless devices to better take advantage of
this connected world. These digitally empowered users are increasing the demand
for customized communication services. Service providers require new efficiencies
to serve today's Internet users and new flexibility to attract and retain tomorrow's
profitable broadband users. To succeed, service providers must overcome the
technical and financial hurdles of moving to increasingly efficient packet-based
technologies and services while still leveraging existing circuit-switched voice
networks.
Veraz Networks is fully aligned with this market and technology trend and has
elected to concentrate the full weight of our experience and effort toward the
development of new-generation switching solutions. Veraz Networks is committed
to providing open and interoperable solutions consistent with the intent of the IETF,
ITU, the International Softswitch Consortium, and other proponents of distributed
architecture principles (e.g. IMS) and systems concepts. The Veraz Networks
telecom products provide true best-of-class solutions meeting all of the requirements
of the complete new-generation three-tiered reference model.
05050301-03 Veraz Networks Inc. Proprietary 1-1

Introduction I - G a t e 4 0 0 0 E DG E G e n e r a l D e s c r i p t i o n
At the media adaptation and transport level, the Veraz I-Gate 4000 series of media
gateways provide toll quality transmission of voice, fax, and data traffic between the
packet switching network and PSTN, and vice-versa. For the control and signaling
level, the Veraz ControlSwitch and its suite of applications provide fully distributed
softswitch functionality that transforms the traditional central office into a
distributed Network Office. The resulting complete solution makes possible the
deployment of flexible subscriber services from anywhere in the service provider's
network, lowering network investment and operating costs. As a result, the service
provider can quickly deliver high-value, differentiated new services for their specific
markets, boosting their revenues and profits.
Veraz Networks' products provide far-reaching advantages to the service provider in
the migration of the public voice networks to more efficient and flexible networks
based on packet technology. While capitalizing on existing installed infrastructure
investments, the service provider can solve current network challenges and prepare
to capture new revenue opportunities through a new generation of differentiating
services.
On the other hand, for greenfield network operators, the new-generation switching
network paradigm will ensure, from the start, the most cost-effective solution that is
fully aligned with industry trends.

I-Gate 4000 EDGE General Description Introduction
1.1. New Generation Voice Switching

Infrastructure
The New Generation Network (NGN) voice and multimedia switching infrastructure
(also called Voice over IP -- VoIP) is intended to cost-effectively deliver the full
range of telephony, multimedia, and innovative value-added services, and at the
same time reduce Total Cost-of-Ownership and Time-to-Market for services and
increasing business opportunities. Furthermore, it improves the operator's capability
to scale investment in telecom infrastructure to follow market demand and minimize
risks.
Whether planning to expand an existing network or build a greenfield infrastructure,
telecom operators view the three-layered switch architecture reference model as a
preferential alternative to the historical hierarchical and monolithic circuit-switching
infrastructure that has dominated the telephony industry for more than a century.
The three-layered switch model defines a "decomposed switch" built from
interoperable components residing in a media adaptation layer (composed of media
gateways and access devices), a call control and signaling layer (composed of
softswitches and signaling gateways), and a service layer (composed of application
and feature servers). The three-layered switch model approach, and a rich
standardization within and between layers, give the telecom operator the flexibility
to select the best-of-breed new-generation component(s) for each of the three
architectural layers.
The new-generation switching infrastructure is becoming the preferential alternative
for "cap-and-grow" expansion of existing networks (PSTN switch substitution), for
implementation of new greenfield networks, and will ultimately displace the existing
legacy telephony infrastructure at the end of its service life.
A critical requirement is that the new-generation switching infrastructure
components and solutions must be designed to ensure Total Service Transparency
for the call signals and services. This means that all the services currently offered by
the PSTN network (e.g. voice, fax, modem, IN, video-conference) will be
maintained and guaranteed by the VoIP infrastructure with the same quality and
reliability that today's PSTN end-users are accustomed to and have come to expect.

One of the fundamental elements of the new-generation telecom scenario is the

media gateway, providing the bridge between today's TDM-based legacy network
and the new-generation services infrastructure. The media gateways must
simultaneously execute two main tasks:
Perform inter-media network adaptation between the various circuit-switching
and packet-switching network domains
Provide multiple-media switching platform for the various service and signaling
payloads according to the required routing scenarios (e.g. TDM-to-TDM, TDM-
to-IP).
Figure 1-1: Three-Layer Switch Model

1.2. The I-Gate 4000 EDGE Media Gateway

The Veraz Networks I-Gate 4000 EDGE Carrier-Grade media gateway, is designed
to meet the needs of telecom operators facing the following challenges:
Minimize CapEx and OpEx for VoIP network deployment requiring low and
mid-size media gateways.
Maintenance and guarantee of Toll Quality voice performance equaling today's
PSTN for highest end-user satisfaction and longer call duration.
Preservation of Total Service Transparency for voice, fax and data calls to
capture all billable minutes regardless of the network impairments.
1.2.1. Industry-Leading Service Performance

Telecom operators worldwide are aware that Toll Quality and Total Service
Transparency are essential to maintaining and growing revenues. Increased Average
Length of Call (ALOC) and Call Completion Ratio (CCR) amounts to higher carrier
revenues and greater customer satisfaction. The I-Gate 4000 EDGE design is aimed
to improve telecom operator's competitiveness due to the following unique
characteristics:
Industry-Leading Toll Quality Voice: Toll Quality voice encoding and low-
rate compression algorithms matching the quality attributes (e.g. Mean Opinion
Score -- MOS) of the PSTN's wireline services.
Veraz Networks, one of the world's most experienced vendors in statistical voice
compression and multiplexing equipment, has proven its ability to deliver Toll
Quality voice, with its carrier-class bandwidth optimizing systems (DCME)
operating in more than 700 networks worldwide. Veraz codecs are known for
their spectral transparency and stability under the most severe traffic conditions.
The I-Gate 4000 series of media gateways simultaneously provide the best voice
quality and the highest compression rate (also called gain or bandwidth reduction
rate) in the market.

High-Performance Silence Suppression: Globally deployed Silence

Suppression algorithms providing dual benefits: minimization of bandwidth
needed on access and backbone network segments, and reduction in processing
and throughput requirements on WAN network routers. These benefits are
achieved without any degradation in voice quality.
The implementation of I-Gate 4000 EDGE's Silence Suppression utilizes Voice
Activity Detection (VAD) and Comfort Noise Generation and Injection (CNG)
features that ensure Toll Quality under any input signal level and/or original
background noise condition.
Superior Echo Cancellation: State-of-the-art Veraz echo cancellers enabling
the most pleasing conversational speech in the industry.
I-Gate 4000 EDGE's echo cancellation technology complies with ITU G.165 and
G.168, and is currently delivering unrivaled field results i.e. low residual
echo/ERLE (Echo Return Loss Enhancement), fast convergence time and no
clipping at the ends of double-talk.
Highest Compression Ratio: I-Gate 4000 EDGE's Packet Aggregation allows
the lowest possible consumption of IP-network bandwidth and processing
resources, significantly lowering overall operations and life cycle costs. In
particular, bandwidth consumption reduction challenges operators aiming to
connect remote sites through expensive international and long-distance links or
leased lines. In addition, Payload Shaping ensures smooth loading on the WAN
routers.
Typical bandwidth compression performance of 12:1 for the G.729A codec
(50% speech activity) and more than 14:1 for the G.723.1 codec while providing
the highest voice quality performance in the market.
High Quality Fax Relay: Brand recognized fax relay algorithms providing
bandwidth-efficient and very high picture quality fax transmission and full
support of the T.38 standard.
Unmatched Signal Classification: Highly efficient signal detection and
classification algorithms ensuring the highest levels of voice, modem, and fax
call completion with the mandatory quality.

High-performance Jitter Buffer algorithm: Adaptive jitter buffer management

algorithm ensuring jitter offset with the smallest buffer size to minimize end-to-
end delay. The I-Gate 4000 EDGE can handle network jitter up to 300 msec.
Smart Packet Loss Concealment: Optimal substitution of lost packets in voice
signals affected by loss of packets in the IP network, making the loss almost
unnoticeable.
Bandwidth Efficient and Reliable Common Channel Signaling over IP
Transmission: Robust SS7 and PRI signaling compression and transport
mechanism (over SCTP) ensuring dual benefits: full signaling transparency
despite IP-networks' packet loss impairments, and cost-effective network
topology based on optimal location of the different new-generation network
elements (e.g. Signaling Gateway).
Unique Smart Packet Priority Selection mechanism: Dynamically reduces the
outgoing packet payload (bandwidth requirements) without any perceivable
degradation of voice quality when a temporary (transient) traffic overload,
bandwidth constriction, or network congestion occurs.
QoS Protection Control: Realtime detection of continuous congestion in a
route to a specific IP destination and notification to the softswitch upon
surpassing a packet loss threshold. This allows the softswitch to route new calls
through alternative routes, facilitating restoration of the initial route.
Low System Delay: Lowest system delay, satisfying voice services realtime
requirements, regardless of system configuration and traffic load.

1.2.2. Carrier-Grade Features

The I-Gate 4000 EDGE is designed for nonstop carrier-grade applications providing:
Five 9's availability
1:1 redundancy for the processing:
1:1 BPSM redundancy using separate modules
1:1 XPSM redundancy using separate modules
This feature includes redundancy for TDM interface circuits, DSP resources,
internal switching fabric, CPU, internal clock and Fast Ethernet interface
circuits.
1:1 redundancy for the power supply cards and the power feed connections:
1:1 DC power supply redundancy for module and power feed using separate modules
1:1 AC power supply redundancy for module and power feed using separate modules
Non-traffic-affecting (hitless) software upgrade
Hot-swappable and field-replaceable modules
TDM Bearer Protection features, including Alternative (Redundant) TDM
Bearer, Alternative Bearer over IP and Traffic Load Sharing solutions
RTP Multiplexed packet tagging, enabling load sharing split by the external
router of packets to the same destination
Ease of operation and powerful system management, reducing manpower
requirements and simplifying training for operations staff
Management system providing intuitive GUI and web-based management tools
for easy provisioning, monitoring, and troubleshooting
Uncompromised Stability: The I-Gate 4000 EDGE is designed to handle the full
load and call completion rate as specified without loss of performance or impact
on service quality.

1.2.3. Ethernet and TDM Bearer Links

The I-Gate 4000 EDGE media gateway supports Fast Ethernet and E1 and T1 TDM
bearer interfaces:
In addition, the TDM WAN interfaces can be implemented using the following
protocols:
PPP
ML-PPP
Proprietary IPoTDM
1.2.4. Interoperability
The I-Gate 4000 EDGE media gateway delivers an interoperability-ready solution,
based on open interfaces and standards compliance, facilitating smooth integration
with other vendors' network components, and seamless interconnection with other
operators' networks -- e.g. MGCP, H.248 (future version), RTP/RTCP, T.38. Veraz
is actively involved in standards organizations, and our media gateways maintain the
highest level of compliance with published standards.
Veraz's total ownership of all the media gateway technologies, from the system
platform to the DSP codes, results in additional benefits to the operator. These are:
An optimal solution for all functional and performance aspects of the media
gateway. All the hardware and software components are specifically designed to
maximize the media gateway's functional performance and achieve the most
favorable cost structure.
Unique capability of guaranteeing interoperability with other vendors' products
using special or non-standardized features (or feature variations).
Unmatched time-to-market and ability to respond, to meet the operator's
customized needs.

1.2.5. Synchronization
The I-Gate 4000 EDGE media gateway clock synchronization module is located in
the BPSM and XPSM cards and supports one (1) primary and one (1) secondary
clock sources.
The two clock sources should be standard E1 or T1 input-bit streams of any
configured TDM interface.
In addition, the I-Gate 4000 EDGE includes an internal clock generator located in
the BPSM and XPSM cards.
Under normal conditions the system will utilize the primary clock source. Upon
failure or unavailability of primary clock source, then automatic switchover to the
configured secondary clock source will take place. After normalization of the
primary clock source, then automatic reversion is executed by the system.
If both clock sources, primary and secondary, are unavailable or detected as failed,
then the system will utilize the internal clock source.
The I-Gate 4000 EDGE media gateway contains a redundant timing module (located
in the redundant BPSM or XPSM card).
The Timing module complies with the following standards/specifications:
AT&T TR-62411 and Telcordia GR-1244 stratum 3 specifications (Jitter
Wander tolerance/Transfer)
ITU-T Recommendations G.812, G.813 Type III specifications (operation
modes)
Telcordia GR-2830-Core
Jitter requirements ITU-T 825, ANSI T1.101 and ETS300 462-5 (1997)
The free-running (internal) clock has an accuracy of 4.6 ppm (Stratum 3).

1.3. Veraz New Generation Network Solutions

Consistent with its commitment to the new-generation network-switching paradigm,
Veraz has developed partnerships with vendors of other new-generation network
components.
The solutions offered by Veraz range from full vertical deployments including best-
of-breed media gateway, softswitch, and application server gears, to horizontal
solutions demanding a standards-based, open-interfaces media gateway ready to
interoperate with other vendors' network components and legacy network
equipment. This capability benefits the telecom operator by providing the best cost
performance option for any immediate network and service requirement and for
future business goals.
1.4. I-Gate 4000 EDGE Applications

I-Gate 4000 EDGE is designed to fit easily into any new-generation network
deployment model -- whether as a turnkey solution or horizontal solution in a multi-
vendor deployment scenario -- enabling short Time-to-Market, minimal up-front
investment and expenses, and controlled growth, in terms of both capacity and
expanding services.
I-Gate 4000 EDGE's features make it an ideal media gateway for integration into
different media adaptation and switching applications. It is eminently suitable for
seamless integration into current networks starting migration towards new-
generation-based infrastructure and IP-based service provision models, as well as
greenfield networks.
Typical new-generation network solutions targeted by the I-Gate 4000 EDGE
include:
Static Trunking (DCME over IP): For carriers currently transporting
international or domestic traffic over a DCME infrastructure, or those building
IP transport links, I-Gate 4000 EDGE media gateways carrying VoIP Static
Trunking are a cost-effective starting point in the transition to a Voice-over-IP
backbone network. As telephony traffic and signaling traffic are transferred in
point-to-point mode there is no need for softswitch and signaling gateway
elements.

Static Trunking over TDM Bearer: Enables the I-Gate 4000 EDGE to be used
not only as a VoIP Media Gateway, but also as a DCME compression system
which has the inherent capability of migrating to a VoIP bearer network. This
feature can also be configured in the same chassis with a standard VoIP Media
Gateway. The operator can then choose whether the bearer interface will be IP or
TDM.
Softswitch controlled applications: A VoIP-based backbone network including
I-Gate 4000 EDGE media gateways and softswitches (Class 4/Tandem or Class
5/Local switch replacement) allows the operator to build a carrier-grade
new-generation network with a minimized cost-of-ownership (with no need to
invest in legacy TDM switches). The I-Gate 4000 EDGE supports switching
between any pair of end points, whether TDM-to-TDM or TDM-to-VoIP
switching, controlled by a softswitch.
Combined-mode applications: The same I-Gate 4000 EDGE can
simultaneously support Static Trunking mode for one group of TDM trunks and
Softswitch-Controlled mode for a different group of TDM trunks.
Nex-Gen Cellular Network Applications: Cellular network operators are also
planning migration scenarios towards the softswitch-based multi-tiered
architecture. These migration plans differ depending on the ownership of the
current infrastructure (fully owned or using leased facilities), expansion
opportunities, and the operator's 3G (third generation) infrastructure
development strategy.
A typical near-term new-generation network solution for cellular networks
requires VoIP media gateways operating in Static Trunking or Switching mode
for MSC-hub applications, tandem applications between the MSC's and PSTN
switches, POI (Point of Interconnection) backhauling, and others.
Business PRI Interface Applications: Business customers using a PABX with
PRI signaling interface can be directly connected to the I-Gate 4000 EDGE
media gateway. This application provides reduced expenses for transmission
resources and the interconnection of legacy customer equipment to a new-
generation switching network.

1.5. Examples of I-Gate 4000 EDGE

Applications
1.5.1. TDM-to-VoIP Class 4/Tandem Switch

Replacement -- Domestic and International
Applications
I-Gate 4000 EDGE's features and small footprint makes it an ideal system for
integration into different working environments -- incumbents' networks, as well as
networks of Greenfield operators.
The economic and competitive benefits of a converged IP backbone network are
compelling to operators, whether they are focused on their traditional service area or
on extending their presence to additional out-of-region markets.
Today, many operators are improving their competitiveness by actively expanding
their service provisioning capabilities to new markets. The main goals of such a
strategy are to provide the fastest network and service rollout at the lowest cost. In
addition, in some cases an existing bandwidth-rich backbone network for data
services could be leveraged to offer voice services by using VoIP technology.
A new generation switching infrastructure network that includes VoIP media
gateways and softswitches (Class 4/Tandem switch replacement) allows the operator
to build a carrier-grade next-generation trunking network with minimal cost-of-
ownership, and with no need to invest in legacy TDM switches. Furthermore, the
operator of an IP-packet-based voice backbone network will immediately realize the
benefits of an expected price decline in IP-based network technologies, as well as
the economies of scale associated with a converged multi-service network platform.
Figure 1-2 depicts this solution, indicating various VoIP call paths (colored arrows).
In this scenario, the VoIP Class 4/Tandem network is implemented as a distributed
switch using the softswitch and the I-Gate 4000 EDGE media gateways. The I-Gate
4000 EDGE media gateways are deployed at various sites and are connected to
Class 4, Class 5 and/or MSC switches through standard TDM links (E1 or T1) and
to distant media gateways through an IP packet-switching backbone. In the media
gateway, TDM traffic is converted into VoIP packet payloads and transmitted

through the packet-switching network to a media gateway at the other end of the
backbone path. At the receiving media gateway, the inverse processes take place. In
addition to media adaptation, the media gateways can perform signal compression to
reduce the bandwidth and routing resources of the backbone network through which
the VoIP traffic runs. As an example, signal compression processes could include
Silence Suppression G.729A codec, RTP Multiplexed Packet Aggregation and SS7
and/or PRI compression.
The whole process including establishment of call path and call handling is
performed under control of the softswitch.
Figure 1-2: New Generation Tandem Network Solution

I-Gate 4000 EDGE interoperates seamlessly with existing PSTN networks and is
completely standards-based allowing smooth and easy integration and
interoperability with other vendors' media gateways operating with other protocols
(e.g. H.323, SIP).
Note: Although Figure 1-2 shows I-Gate 4000 EDGE media gateways only, an
actual application could include other I-Gate media gateways (e.g. I-Gate 4000
PRO) in sites with high numbers of TDM trunks (e.g. thousands of DS0s).
1.5.2. I-Gate 4000 EDGE in Nex-Gen Cellular Network

Cellular network operators are also planning migration scenarios towards the
softswitch-based multi-tiered architecture. These migration plans differ depending
on the ownership of the current infrastructure (fully owned or using leased
facilities), expansion opportunities, and the operator's 3G (third Generation)
infrastructure development strategy.
A typical near-term next-generation network solution for cellular networks requires
VoIP media gateway switches for MSC-hub applications, tandem applications
between the MSC's and PSTN switches, POI (Point of Interconnection) backhauling,
and others.
Signal compression processes could include Silence Suppression, G.729A codec,
RTP Multiplexed Packet Aggregation, and SS7 and/or PRI compression.
The I-Gate 4000 EDGE media gateway also supports the GSM-EFR codec,
providing a high-quality alternative for multi-hop voice compression cell paths
including cellular network segments.
Figure 1-3 illustrates an example of a Nex-Gen cellular network application. The I-
Gate 4000 EDGE is controlled by a softswitch and switches traffic between the
MSC's (TDM-to-TDM or TDM-to-VoIP switching) or between the MSC's and the
PSTN switches. The gray area shows the currently deployed legacy network
components; the white area indicates the new-generation VoIP network.

Figure 1-3: Nex-Gen Cellular Network Application
Note: Although Figure 1-3 shows I-Gate 4000 EDGE media gateways only, an
actual application could include other I-Gate media gateways (e.g. I-Gate 4000
PRO) in sites with high numbers of TDM trunks (e.g. thousands of DS0s).

1.5.3. Static Trunking over IP or TDM Bearer

Despite trends toward plunging costs of bandwidth resources, there are still many
international routes and national long-distance networks where prices are high
and/or available transmission bandwidth is limited. For telecom operators carrying
voice traffic over costly or bandwidth-bounded transmission links, VoIP Static
Trunking systems provide a unique solution that ensures substantial savings on
equipment and operations, more efficient utilization of the deployed network
resources, and new opportunities for improved competitiveness and increasing
profitability.
The advantages of Static Trunking are equally achievable even when no IP
transmission infrastructure is available.
Typical applications that can benefit from Static Trunking include:
Transmission of long-distance international and domestic telephony services
(voice, fax, modem)
Interconnection of MSC switches in mobile networks
Backhaul transmission between POI's (Points of Interconnection) and MSC
applications
Call Centers/BPO
As an example of Static Trunking solution, Figure 1-4 below depicts a long-distance
(international or domestic) network application.

This configuration has the following characteristics:

The I-Gate media gateways are interconnected to the PSTN or MSC switches
through standard E1 or T1 trunk interfaces. The TDM trunks contain 64 kbps
DS0 channels carrying the uncompressed telephony signals (e.g. voice, fax,
modem) and/or signaling (e.g. SS7, PRI).
At the I-Gate media gateways, the uncompressed traffic from the switches is
compressed and carried over the bearer (using long-distance transmission
network) to the I-Gate media gateways at the distant site where the received
payloads are decompressed.
I-Gate compression algorithms allow a strong reduction in the required
bandwidth resources while ensuring high voice quality performance. The
compression mechanisms include low-rate encoding (e.g. G.729A, G.723.1,
GSM-EFR), Silence Suppression, and RTP Packet Aggregation. In addition, Toll
Quality service is ensured by a unique implementation of processing techniques
that include: Echo Cancellation, Voice Activity Detection, Spectral Background
Noise Injection, Packet Loss Concealment, Adaptive Jitter Buffer, and Smart
Packet Priority Selection.
On the bearer (long-distance) side, the I-Gate media gateways can support IP as
well as TDM interfaces.
The allocation of DS0 channels to a given destination is performed statically
(semi-permanent connections provisioned by the operator), without need for
softswitch or signaling gateway.
The I-Gate 4000 EDGE can interwork with the international PSTN switch via
Q.50 control protocol (types A and B), which provides Dynamic Load Control
(DLC) for traffic overload conditions in international links.
It should be noted that the long-distance transmission link can be implemented using
an IP packet network or a TDM (PDH or SDH) network.
A Static Trunking system can be deployed according to either a single-route point-
to-point configuration as shown in Figure 1-4, or in a hub point-to-multipoint
configuration as shown in Figure 1-5, or in a multi-bearer and multipoint
configuration as shown in Figure 1-6.

Figure 1-4: Single Route Application
Figure 1-5: Point to Multipoint Configuration

Figure 1-6: Multibearer and Multipoint Configuration
Contributing to a further OpEx reduction is the fact that one single VerazView
management system can simultaneously control all the media gateways in a network
and that the management information is carried in-band over the bearer links
(without need for separate transmission resources).

1.5.4. Business PRI Interface Applications

Business customers using a PABX with PRI interface can be directly connected to
the I-Gate 4000 EDGE media gateway. In this application, the I-Gate 4000 EDGE
supports the telephony traffic (e.g. voice, fax, modem) and the PRI (ISDN)
signaling.
I-Gate 4000 EDGE provides termination to the PRI signaling and carries the
relevant messages over IUA (SIGTRAN) to the softswitch, according to the
following:
Full termination functionality for LAP-D layer in compliance with ITU-T Q.921,
ETSI ETS 300 125, ANSI T1.602 and Telcordia TR-NWT-793.
Support for the ISDN variants are derived from the above standards
(configurable)
IUA support enables the I-Gate 4000 EDGE to deliver connectivity to PABX's in
addition to the connectivity to SS7 switches. I-Gate 4000 EDGE enables mixed
ISDN and SS7 support in the same system.
This application provides reduced expenses for transmission resources and the
interconnection of legacy customer equipment to a new-generation switching
network.

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2
Physical & Card Description
2.1. Introduction
The I-Gate 4000 EDGE Media Gateway is encased in a 1U high chassis designed to
be both rugged and offer protection against electromagnetic interference (EMI).
Table 2-1 provides the physical dimensions of the I-Gate 4000 EDGE terminal.
Table 2-1: I-Gate 4000 EDGE Dimensions
Dimension Terminal
Width 435 mm (not including mounting brackets)
Height 44.45 mm (1.00 inch, 1U)
Depth 350 mm (13.8 inches)
2.2. Module Description

The I-Gate 4000 EDGE has four types of modules:
TDM Network Interface cards: IC4P, IC8P and ICHP
Traffic processing and Ethernet interface card: BPSM and XPSM
Power supply card: EDCM and EACM
Fan drawer: EFTM

Physical & Card Description I-Gate 4000 EDGE General Description
2.2.1. IC4P Card -- 4-Port TDM Network Interface

The IC4P card provides four interfaces E1 (2.048 Mbps) or T1 (1.544 Mbps)
bitstreams. The IC4P card supports the physical interface to external E1/T1
bitstreams (e.g. connected to a PSTN or MSC switch) and transmits and receives the
internal bitstream signals to the operating BPSM or XPSM card located in the
chassis.
This card contains four (4) RJ45 connectors providing 100/120Ω balanced
impedance for the E1/T1 ports.
Figure 2-1: IC4P Front Panel

I-Gate 4000 EDGE General Description Physical & Card Description
2.2.2. IC8P Card -- 8-Port TDM Network Interface

The IC8P card provides eight interfaces E1 (2.048 Mbps) or T1 (1.544 Mbps)
bitstreams. The IC8P card supports the physical interface to external E1/T1
chassis.
An E1/T1 port can also be used in applications using a TDM bearer interface to the
external backbone network.
This card contains eight (8) RJ45 connectors providing 100/120Ω balanced
Figure 2-2: IC8P Front Panel

2.2.3. ICHP Card -- 20-Port TDM Network Interface

The ICHP card provides twenty interfaces E1 (2.048 Mbps) or T1 (1.544 Mbps)
bitstreams. The ICHP card supports the physical interface to external E1/T1
chassis.
This card contains two (2) D-type connectors providing 100/120Ω balanced
Figure 2-3: ICHP Front Panel

2.2.4. BPSM Card -- Basic Processing and Switching

Module
Figure 2-4: BPSM Front Panel
The BPSM card performs the following functions:

Handles up to 4 E1/T1 bitstreams connected to the IC4P, IC8P or ICHP card
installed in the chassis
Handles up to 3 Fast Ethernet (100BaseT) interfaces to the external IP network
Supports TDM switching fabrics
Supports DS0 to DS0 cross-connection
Performs signal and payload processing, packet encapsulation, continuity test,
and DTMF handling tasks.
Signal and payload processing includes:
Signal and Tone detection
Signal analysis
Voice Activity Detection (VAD), for Silence Suppression feature
Comfort Noise Generation (CNG), for Silence Suppression feature
Echo cancellation
Voice compression using low rate encoding algorithms (e.g. G.729A, G.723,
GSM-EFR)

T.38 Fax and Fax Pass-through

Modem Pass-through
Packet Loss Concealment
Adaptive Jitter Buffer
DTMF handling (inband RTP/RFC 2833 and out-of-band
MGCP/H.248 Package)
Compressed SS7 Backhaul (over SCTP)
Packetization (Ethernet and IP encapsulation) of the packet payloads. The
processed signals are arranged into frames of a given size and added to the
appropriate IP and Ethernet protocol overheads.
Packet Aggregation using RTP multiplexing
Supports the interface(s) to the IP network(s) via the Fast Ethernet (100BaseT)
Interface(s)
Supports the IP protocol stacks (e.g. RTP, RTCP, UDP) and the protocol
interface with the external softswitch using MGCP V1.0 or H.248/MEGACO
(future release)
Supports PPP and ML-PPP protocols
Supports alarms and status indications
The BPSM card contains eight (8) LEDs which provide the following indications:
CRITICAL alarm
MAJOR alarm
MINOR alarm
The activation of one of these LEDs indicates that an alarm condition of
corresponding severity was detected by the system.
STATUS of the System

Provides LINK STATUS for up to four (4) E1/T1 bitstreams

Provides 1 (one) RS-232 CONSOLE port
A RESET pushbutton is also provided in this card.
The BPSM card supports card redundancy. This optional feature is implemented
using a second BPSM card in the chassis. In this configuration, one BPSM card
operates in active mode and the redundant BPSM card operates in standby mode.
In the event of a failure of the active BPSM card, the redundant BPSM automatically
executes switchover, ensuring full system operation. The switchover process is
completed in a short period of time and the carried traffic is not affected.
The BPSM card also supports IP link redundancy. In case of IP link failure, the link
leg is moved to a redundant link port.
The BPSM card also supports the following tasks:
Configuration handling
Flash memory for configuration map and software version storage
Built-In-Test (BIT)
Software download facilities
Maintenance control
Communications with VerazView management system
Configuration map support
IP switch: Layers 2 and 3

2.2.5. XPSM Card -- Expanded Processing and

Switching Module
Figure 2-5: XPSM Front Panel
The XPSM card performs the following functions:

Handles up to 20 E1/T1 bitstreams connected to the IC8P or ICHP card installed
in the chassis
Handles up to 3 Fast Ethernet (100BaseT) interfaces to the external IP network
Supports TDM switching fabrics
Supports DS0 to DS0 cross-connection
Performs signal and payload processing, packet encapsulation, continuity test,
and DTMF handling tasks.
Signal and payload processing includes:
Signal and Tone detection
Signal analysis
Voice Activity Detection (VAD) (for Silence Suppression feature)
Comfort Noise Generation (CNG) (for Silence Suppression feature)
Echo cancellation
Voice compression using low rate encoding algorithms (e.g. G.729A, G.723,
GSM-EFR)

T.38 Fax and Fax Pass through

Modem Pass through
DTMF handling (inband RTP/RFC 2833 and out-of-band
MGCP/H.248 Package)
Compressed SS7 Backhaul (over SCTP)
Packetization (Ethernet and IP encapsulation) of the packet payloads. The
processed signals are arranged into frames of a given size and added to the
appropriate IP and Ethernet protocol overheads.
Packet Aggregation using RTP multiplexing
Supports the interface(s) to the IP network(s) via the Fast Ethernet (100BaseT)
Interface(s)
Supports the IP protocol stacks (e.g. RTP, RTCP, UDP) and the protocol
interface with the external softswitch using MGCP V1.0 or H.248/MEGACO
(future version).
Supports PPP and ML-PPP protocols
Supports alarms and status indications
The XPSM card contains twenty-four (24) LEDs which provide the following
indications:
CRITICAL alarm
MAJOR alarm
MINOR alarm
The activation of one of these LEDs indicates that an alarm condition of
corresponding severity was detected by the system.
STATUS of the system

Provides LINK STATUS for up to 20 E1/T1 bitstreams

Provides 1 (one) RS-232 CONSOLE port
A RESET pushbutton is also provided in this card
The XPSM card supports card redundancy. This optional feature is implemented
using a second XPSM card in the chassis. In this configuration, one XPSM card
operates in active mode and the redundant XPSM card operates in standby mode.
In the event of a failure of the active XPSM card, the redundant XPSM
automatically executes switchover, ensuring full system operation. The switchover
process is completed in a short period of time and the carried traffic is not affected.
The XPSM card also supports IP link redundancy. In case of IP link failure, the link
leg is moved to a redundant link port.
The XPSM card also supports the following tasks:
Configuration handling
Flash memory for configuration map and software version storage
Built-In-Test (BIT)
Software download facilities
Maintenance control
Communications with VerazView management system
Configuration map support
IP switch: Layers 2 and 3

2.2.6. Power Supply Modules and Configurations

The power supply cards are located at the rear of the I-Gate 4000 EDGE chassis.
Two types of power supply are available:
220V AC using EACM card
48V DC using EDCM card
The I-Gate 4000 EDGE supports power supply redundancy and double power feed
using two separate EACM or EDCM cards.
2.2.6.1. EACM Card -- AC Power Supply Module
Figure 2-6: EACM Front Panel
The AC power supply card (EACM) has the following functions:

Provides the connection for AC voltage (110/220 VAC)
AC to DC conversion (48 VDC) conversion
DC to DC conversion (48 VDC to 12.5 VDC)
Provides current limitation and short-circuit protection
The EACM card includes a Power ON/OFF switch.
A second EACM card can be installed in the same chassis providing redundancy
protection to the EACM card and the support for a separate (redundant) AC power
feed connection

2.2.6.2. EDCM Card -- DC Power Supply Module
Figure 2-7: EDCM Front Panel
The DC power supply card (EDCM) has the following functions:

Provides the connection for DC voltage (-48/60 VDC)
DC to DC conversion (48 VDC to 12.5 VDC)
Provides current limitation and short-circuit protection
A second EDCM card can be installed in the same chassis providing redundancy
protection to the EDCM card and the support for a separate (redundant) DC power
feed connection.

2.2.7. EFTM -- Fan Tray Module

The EFTM is located on the right hand side of the front panel. The module contains
four fans and also regulates their operation. In addition, a status LED is provided on
the EFTM front panel.
Figure 2-8: Fan Tray Unit - EFTM

2.2.8. ALARM Conn (Connector)

The ALARM Connector is located on the left hand side of the chassis' rear panel.
The 9-pin, D-type, alarm connector is used to connect the I-Gate 4000 EDGE to an
external alarm indication panel and to an ACO (Alarm Cut-Off) pushbutton.
Figure 2-9: Alarm Connector
The ALARM connector provides dry-contact interfaces for the following audio and
visual alarm outputs:
CRITICAL (audio)
CRITICAL (visual)
MAJOR (audio)
MAJOR (visual)
MINOR (audio)
MINOR (visual)
2.2.9. Grounding Connection

A grounding connection is available on the left hand side of the I-Gate 4000 EDGE
chassis' rear panel.
Figure 2-10: Grounding Lug

3
Traffic Handling Features
This chapter provides a description of the I-Gate 4000 EDGE traffic handling
features, which include:
Unmatched voice, fax, and modem quality
RTP Multiplexing based Packet Aggregation
Bandwidth-efficient and Robust (Reliable) transmission of Common Channel
Signaling (SS7 and PRI)
Unique Packet Priority Selection technique
Quality of Services Protection mechanism
TDM Bearer Redundancy Protection
TDM Bearer Load Sharing Mode

Traffic Handling Features I-Gate 4000 EDGE General Description
3.1. Call Processing Features

New-generation network switching infrastructure must guarantee successful
provisioning of all telephony services despite unavoidable network impairments and
transmission over various media domains (e.g. IP) that could belong to different
operators. Transporting packetized voice over an IP network in particular presents
service quality challenges for carriers. In a connectionless IP network, packets are
routed individually through a non-deterministic router-based network. Significant
network delays, jitters, out-of-sequence packets, and packet-loss can degrade the
quality of conversational speech and may adversely affect fax or modem services as
well as signaling traffic performance.
The I-Gate 4000 EDGE ensures total service transparency that is based on
unequaled performance of the following features:
Signal Detection and Call Classification
Fax T.38 and Fax Pass-through methods
Modem Pass-through method
Toll Quality Voice
Echo Cancellation
Silence Suppression, which includes Voice Activity Detection (VAD) and
Comfort Noise Generation (CNG)
Low System Delay

I-Gate 4000 EDGE General Description Traffic Handling Features
3.1.1. Toll Quality Voice

Packet payloads from voice calls originating at a PSTN or MSC switch or from
Customer Premises Equipment (CPE's, IAD's, or IP Phones) can be carried over an
IP network at the original 64 kbps rate (G.711) or using low-rate encoding
algorithms (e.g. G.729A, G.723.1, GSM-EFR).
Bandwidth resource bottlenecks in some network segments (despite the growing
deployment of fiber facilities) and mid-term reductions in last-mile access costs for
xDSL, Cable, and Wireless, combined with increased end-user bandwidth demands,
provide a compelling case for the implementation of voice codecs in VoIP media
gateways.
Speech codecs digitize and modify voice information streams. When used to
compress voice calls, speech codecs cut bandwidth consumption by reducing the
bitrate, but do so at the expense of quality and increased delay.
The codec's impact on perceived quality is determined by:
Internal encoding/decoding delay
Ability to handle the different signal input levels
Ability to operate efficiently when background noise and/or multiple speakers
are present
Ability to overcome transmission impairments (e.g. packet loss, jitter, and echo)
Veraz's media gateways are designed to offer higher voice quality than any other
comparable product on the market, whether used as a trunking media gateway (Class
4 /Tandem switch replacement) or in VoIP access applications.
Veraz, one of the world's most experienced vendors in statistical voice multiplexing
equipment, has proven its ability to deliver Toll Quality compressed telephony
traffic, with its carrier-class bandwidth optimizing systems (DCME) operating in
more than 700 networks worldwide. Veraz's compression techniques and codecs are
known for their spectral transparency and stability under the most severe traffic
conditions.

3.1.2. Echo Cancellation

Due to the significant delays found in some IP networks, high-performance echo
cancellation is an essential element for pleasing conversational speech. Veraz echo
cancellation solutions used in the I-Gate 4000 EDGE currently deliver unrivaled
field results (e.g. low residual echo, fast convergence time, no clipping at the ends of
double-talk voice spurt) in thousands of systems deployed worldwide.
I-Gate 4000 EDGE's echo cancellation complies with ITU G.165 and G.168.
3.1.3. Silence Suppression, VAD, and CNG

Silence Suppression is an efficient solution for reducing bandwidth consumption and
backbone network routing processing with almost no additional delay or signal
degradation cost.
During a voice call, active signals are present for an average of 40% to 50% of the
time. Between these active periods are silence gaps that are generated by the half-
duplex nature of normal conversation and by pauses between words and sentences.
When properly implemented in the media gateway, Silence Suppression benefits the
carrier in the following two ways:
Reducing IP payload bandwidth requirements by up to 60% on average on point-
to-point calls. Despite the growth in the laid fiber optic cables, bandwidth
resources are still limited in many network segments.
Reducing router CPU utilization in the periphery and core of the packet network.
Voice packets are usually smaller and more numerous than data packets. Silence
suppression reduces the number of packets generated during an average voice
call, thus reducing network overhead and router CPU utilization.
These bandwidth and router CPU utilization reductions can result in significant cost
savings to the carrier.

When applying Silence Suppression, two important issues need to be considered:

Detection of the beginning and the end of active speech (VAD -- Voice Activity
Detection)
Generation and injection of background noise (Comfort Noise Quality)
Both of these issues, if not properly addressed, can greatly degrade conversational
speech quality. Periods of complete silence during a telephone conversation are
uncomfortable for both parties, often giving the sensation that the call has been
disconnected. During intervals of complete silence, injection of appropriate
background noise (called Comfort Noise Generation -- CNG) at the receiving end
enhances the subjective quality of the call.
The challenge is to properly detect the beginning and end of a speech interval (this
ensures that the CNG is applied to the receiving end only within complete-silence
intervals) and that the noise signal is injected with the same spectral characteristics
as the original background noise at the transmit side. VAD must be very responsive,
and it must at the same time be efficient and immune to background noise. This
eliminates the clipping of speech signals or erroneous detection of false signals.
The I-Gate 4000 EDGE's VAD and CNG features fully meet the above
requirements, ensuring Toll Quality under any signal level and/or original
background noise condition.
3.1.4. Adaptive Jitter Buffer

Packetized speech requires a jitter buffer to offset the delay variation (jitter) that
typically occurs in IP networks. Jitter is caused by the varying length of queues in
the routers located in the packet transmission path and by the transmission of
packets of the same voice call over different routes. Jitter has a degrading effect on
speech quality.
Veraz's adaptive jitter buffer management algorithm ensures jitter offset with the
smallest buffer size to minimize end-to-end delay.
The I-Gate 4000 EDGE uses an adaptive jitter buffer algorithm that dynamically
changes the buffer length in response to actual network (packet paths) conditions.

This dynamic manipulation of the jitter buffer minimizes the effects of jitter without
resulting in significant increases in delay.
The I-Gate 4000 EDGE can offset network jitters of up to 300 msec.
3.1.5. Packet Loss Concealment

Another quality aspect of the I-Gate 4000 EDGE media gateway is the
implementation of a smart Packet Loss Concealment (PLC) algorithm.
Packet loss is a normal occurrence in IP networks. In IP networks, packets are lost
due to path congestion conditions, overflow of the router buffers, and discarding of
packets upon detection of errors or late arrival.
Figure 3-1 depicts the impact of packet loss on voice quality. For low packet loss
rates, there is a gradual degradation on the quality of the voice signals. Above a
packet loss threshold, quality degrades significantly (Cliff Effect) and becomes
unacceptable.
For packets carrying audio or voice signals, PLC algorithms are designed to
minimize the impact of the lost packets on the perceived quality of the received
signal. When a loss-of-packet condition is detected on the receiving side, PLC
algorithms generate signals that substitute for the missing signals. A well-designed
PLC algorithm should generate substitute signals that have the same timbre and
spectral profile as the lost signals.
Veraz media gateways employ a smart PLC algorithm that exploits the
characteristics of the human voice and ear and generates optimal substitute signals,
making the loss almost unnoticeable.
Some standard speech encoders have embedded PLC algorithms (e.g. G.723.1 and
G.729A). For G.711 voice signals, Veraz media gateways utilize a smart PLC
algorithm, which is based on ITU Rec.G.711 Appendix I, and includes several
enhancements to the standard that guarantee the optimal substitute signals for the
packets lost from any location of a voice signal stream.
Human voice signals can be characterized by parameters that change in a continuous
way. Most of the time, noticeable changes take place at a low rate, compared to the
PCM frame or packetization intervals. For these signals and for low packet loss rate

conditions, substitute signals can be synthesized based on the characteristics of the

previous (not lost) signals.
Voice Quality (MOS)
Cliff
Effect
Packet Loss Rate (Pkt/sec)
Figure 3-1: Cliff Effect
When the lost signals belong to a voice stream interval characterized by quick and/or
strong changes (e.g. after a silence interval) or under high packet loss rate
conditions, a highly elaborate PLC algorithm is needed to guarantee that no
unnatural artifacts will be created to substitute for the missing signals.
Veraz's smart PLC combines both determination of predictable lost signals based on
the short- and long-term speech characteristics, and the best estimate of
unpredictable signals using methods that take into account human audition
characteristics.
3.1.6. Signal Classification

Varying types of traffic (e.g. voice, modem, fax, signaling) undergo different
processing. The ability to rapidly detect and classify a signal and determine how to
best handle the traffic is crucial. Veraz media gateways use signal detection and
classification algorithms that ensure that almost all voice, modem, and fax calls are
followed to completion with the mandatory quality.

3.1.7. Fax Quality

Fax performance remains a critical issue for telephony equipment. Fax traffic still
makes up a significant percentage of telephone calls, and this is not expected to
change significantly in the foreseeable future. Deployment of a network
infrastructure inconsistent with today's fax handling methods would be a source of
continuing operational problems and customer dissatisfaction.
Demodulation (Fax Relay) of fax calls is an essential process for guaranteeing
picture integrity, whether the fax call is carried over a TDM or an IP transmission
network. The typical impairments of IP networks make high-quality fax
demodulation a key requirement.
Over the years, Veraz has developed unique, patented methods of detecting and
demodulating fax calls, used in DCME equipment worldwide. These methods are
employed in the I-Gate 4000 EDGE to successfully detect and process fax
transmissions carried over IP. Veraz media gateways provide the highest fax-
completion rate and picture quality in the industry, while complying with the T.38
standard.
In addition to Fax Relay mode, the I-Gate 4000 EDGE supports Fax Pass-Through
mode. This allows successful interoperation with other media gateways that do not
support T.38.
3.1.8. Modem Support

Modem/VBD (Voice Band Data) calls must be seamlessly handled when transported
over an IP network between PSTN ends.
The I-Gate 4000 EDGE dynamically allocates modem calls to be transparently
transmitted over IP as G.711, 64 kbps unrestricted mode payload, without echo
cancellation. An optional payload redundancy mechanism allows reliable transport
of modem calls over IP networks with packet loss impairment. This optional
protection mechanism supports various degrees of redundancy depths that can be
configured by the operator.

3.1.9. Low System Delay

The I-Gate 4000 EDGE delivers the lowest possible overall system delay, so critical
to realtime voice applications. Veraz has consistently demonstrated the ability to
design systems that meet the low-delay demands of realtime voice applications
operating in today's most demanding global networks.
3.1.10. DTMF Support

DTMF signaling is the basic component of many special or value-added services.
DTMF tones must be successfully carried over IP to the remote media gateway (or
any other media device). After detection, the media gateway controller/softswitch is
notified.
The I-Gate 4000 EDGE supports DTMF over RTP transfer according to RFC 2833.
In addition, it supports the DTMF package via MGCP/H.248 protocol (with the
media gateway controller/softswitch).
3.2. Packet Aggregation and Payload Shaping

Bandwidth consumption reduction challenges operators aiming to connect remote
sites through expensive international and long-distance links or leased lines.
In addition to high-quality codecs and silence suppression voice compression
algorithms, the I-Gate 4000 EDGE's Packet Payload Aggregation feature provides a
further reduction in required transmission bandwidth resources.
VoIP packets include a payload section carrying the encoded voice samples (e.g.
G.711, G.729A) encapsulated within RTP, UDP, and IP protocol stack overheads of
fixed size (12, 8, and 20 octets, respectively).
In order to improve the transmission efficiency (highest ratio of packet length to
overhead length), the payload section should have a large length. The payload size is
a function of the packetization interval (e.g. 10, 20, 30, or 40 msec). Large
packetization intervals provide a better bandwidth compression rate but add higher
end-to-end delay.

A better approach for higher transmission efficiency is payload aggregation based on

the stacking of multiple voice call streams into a packet, using a shared overhead.
This solution has nearly no impact on the end-to-end delay.
Packet Payload Aggregation benefits the carrier in the following two ways:
Reduction of bandwidth requirements on the WAN network with a compression
of almost 12:1 for G.729A codec, or higher for G.723.1 codec
Reduction of the processing requirements (CPU loading) on the WAN routers
due to a significant reduction (more than 96%) in the packets-per-second
payload transmitted by the I-Gate 4000 EDGE
It must be stressed that the I-Gate 4000 EDGE RTP Multiplexing technique provides
a high compression figure with no impact on voice quality.
In addition, the Payload Shaping mechanism ensures that the IP packets leaving the
I-Gate 4000 EDGE media gateway are smoothly distributed over time, further
reducing the load and processing requirements on the WAN resources.
3.2.1. Router Load Balancing

The I-Gate 4000 EDGE also allows the routers (of the WAN IP network) to perform
load-balancing in order to optimize the utilization of the WAN resources. The I-Gate
4000 EDGE tags the RTP Multiplexed packets, allowing the routers to split the
packets to a given destination over two different IP paths (routes). The separation is
done according to the UDP source port (same Destination IP address, different UDP
SP).

3.3. CSB -- Compressed Common Channel

Signaling Backhaul
SS7 and ISDN PRI signaling is a fundamental component of the PSTN network and
must be seamlessly handled by new generation infrastructure fulfilling two key
requirements: highly reliable performance and maximal overall network cost-
effectiveness.
The I-Gate 4000 EDGE Compressed Common Channel Signaling Backhaul feature
is designed to benefit the operator with two main advantages:
A bandwidth-efficient solution for traffic loads including SS7 and/or PRI links
between network loads
A robust (reliable) solution for the transmission of SS7 and PRI signaling over
IP networks. The I-Gate 4000 EDGE Compressed CCS Backhaul feature uses
Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) to carry the signaling messages
over IP, providing a solution that is aligned with current industry trends and
operators' requirements.
The I-Gate 4000 EDGE Compressed CCS Backhaul feature is based on the
following:
Common Channel Signaling (CCS) channels (SS7 and PRI links) received on
the trunk side are compressed and tunneled over IP to the far-end media
gateway. At the far-end media gateway, the CCS messages are regenerated and
transmitted to the PSTN switch.
I-Gate 4000 EDGE supports agnostic SS7 signaling compression (any MTP2
variant).
Transmission to the far-end media gateway is performed using the SCTP
protocol. The SCTP may handle simultaneous associations with up to eight
different destinations for signaling channel compression. CCS compression
supports up to eight CCS channels in one to eight SCTP associations.
VerazView-xMS displays status and statistical reports for the compressed CCS
links.

3.4. Packet Priority Selection

The I-Gate 4000 EDGE supports a unique, smart, Packet Priority Selection (PPS)
mechanism which dynamically reduces the outgoing packet payload when a
temporary (transient) traffic overload, bandwidth constriction, or network
congestion occurs. The Packet Priority Selection mechanism ensures smooth packet
payload control without any perceivable degradation in voice quality.
The PPS mechanism allows a higher utilization of the bearer transmission resources
(more traffic throughput) while maintaining the voice quality level.
3.5. QoS Protection Control

The I-Gate 4000 EDGE supports a Quality of Service Protection Control mechanism
designed to perform realtime detection of a continuous congestion condition in a
route to a specific IP destination and notification to the softswitch upon surpassing a
packet loss threshold. This allows the softswitch to route new calls through
alternative routes, facilitating the restoration of the initial route.
The I-Gate 4000 EDGE QoS Protection Control feature is a fully automatic and
dynamic mechanism that detects a continuous condition of packet loss on the routes
from specific peer media gateways. When the packet loss level exceeds an operator-
configured threshold value, the I-Gate 4000 EDGE sends a Not ACKnowledged
(NACK) message to the softswitch as a response to any new call. When the packet
loss level on the congested route falls below the threshold again, the I-Gate 4000
EDGE will then allow the establishment of new calls on the initial route.
The operator can enable and disable the QoS Protection Control feature and
configure the trigger threshold between 1% and 5% packet loss.
The feature is completely network agnostic. Therefore, it can operate in any
network, either flat or hierarchical with any number of defined subnets and there is
no need to provide static information such as IP addresses. The QoS Protection
Control feature collects all necessary information dynamically during its operation.

3.6. TDM Bearer Redundancy Protections

For TDM bearer applications, the I-Gate 4000 EDGE media gateway supports
Alternative (Redundant) bearer protection and Multiple-bearer protection.
Figure 3-2 shows a 1:1, Alternative (Redundant) Bearer protection implementation.
Under normal link conditions the traffic is carried over the Primary Bearer. Upon
primary bearer failure the I-Gate 4000 EDGE media gateway automatically executes
traffic switchover to the Alternative Bearer, without impacting the carried calls.
Figure 3-2: Single TDM Bearer Redundancy Protection
The I-Gate 4000 EDGE media gateway also supports Load Sharing operational
mode. When using this traffic-carrying mode, the bearer traffic is distributed
between both physical bearer links, the Primary and the Redundant links,
respectively. Upon failure of one of the bearer links, the total traffic will be handled
by the other bearer link.
Figure 3-3 shows a multiple bearer configuration including 2+1 bearer links. From a
traffic capacity and quality perspective, the bearer traffic can be carried by two (2)
bearer links, only. However, in order to provide bearer link protection, an additional
bearer link is used. Under normal operational conditions (no link failure), the I-Gate
4000 EDGE media gateway traffic is distributed among all the physical bearer links
(3 links in the figure). Upon failure of one of the bearer links, the total traffic will be
handled by the other two bearer links.

Figure 3-3: Multiple TDM Bearer Redundancy Protection
3.7. Openness, Interoperability, and Service

Quality
Operators planning to deploy new-generation telephony network solutions are
concerned with guaranteeing quality of services in a multi-operator and multi-
vendor market environment.
The I-Gate 4000 EDGE is an open and standards-based media gateway designed to
guarantee full interoperability in any new-generation switching infrastructure
scenario. This allows operators to smoothly interconnect the I-Gate 4000 EDGE to
any operating network based on existing or emerging standards without disruption
of service and without the creation of "islands" of capability. This characteristic
allows carriers to deploy newer technologies and to enjoy their benefits without
isolating or forklift-replacing deployed systems and services.
Veraz media gateways provide interoperability at all levels with any IP telephony
network element that complies with the following standards: MGCP, H.248 (future
release) RTP, T.38, and SNMP.
Veraz's media gateway has been tested for interoperability with other IP telephony
vendors' products such as media gateways, CPE's, and softswitches. This
interoperability-ready capability benefits the operator with a short time-to-market
response to enter new markets or satisfy growing business opportunities.

3.8. Announcement and Tone playing

The I-Gate 4000 EDGE can play recorded audio announcements and tones towards
the TDM channels, under control of the Media Gateway Controller (MGC) or
softswitch.
The Announcements and Tones playing feature has the following characteristics:
I-Gate 4000 EDGE has a capacity of up to 100 unique messages
(announcements/tones) of 10 seconds each (this is an average calculation, part of
the announcements may have longer duration).
The announcement/tones files are stored in a non-volatile memory in the I-Gate
Media Gateway. The operator may add new files or change existing files using
the "Announcements and Tones" page in the VerazView-xMS management
system. Announcement files can be replaced in run-time, without interrupting
the voice traffic. The updated file will be used instead of the old one
immediately after the download action.
Up to 100 different announcements/tones files may be downloaded to the Media
Gateway.
The total duration of all announcements is 50 minutes (100X30 seconds).
There is no limitation regarding the number of simultaneously playable
announcements. Announcements may be played simultaneously on all
established connections/calls.
A specific announcement file may be played simultaneously to any number of
TDM channels.
The audio packets of the announcement/tone files may be sent simultaneously to
all TDM channels (or connections) instead of the incoming traffic. When a
command to play an announcement is received from the MGC, the traffic packet
stream is replaced by packets from the announcement file.
The user may store his database of announcement files anywhere in its network.
From this database the user can download/replace the already downloaded
announcement files. All downloaded announcements can be used immediately
by a command from the MGC towards any TDM channel.


4
VerazView Management
The standard management tool for the I-Gate Media Gateways is the VerazView-
Management System.
VerazView provides the network operator with enhanced Fault, Configuration,
Performance, and Security management of the I-Gate 4000, I-Gate 4000 PRO and I-
Gate 4000 EDGE media gateways.
4.1. VerazView functional modules

The VerazView media gateway management feature consists of two functional
modules:
Fault and Performance Manager: This module is in charge of gathering,
formatting, and presenting status information from every media gateway. This
module also includes:
Gateway access control functionality: performs network security tasks and
ensures that only authorized VerazView stations are allowed access to the
media gateways.
Software Version Management (SVM) functionality: controls software
downloads and manages the various versions of all the network element
software.
Configurator: This module is responsible for configuration and provisioning of
the various services.
4.2. VerazView main features

The main features of VerazView are:
A single station can manage all the media gateways in the network

V e r a z V i ew M a n a g e m e n t I-Gate 4000 EDGE General Description
Management protocol: SNMP & FTP

Allows simultaneous operation by multiple operators
Web-based management (WBM): an operator can manage a media gateway from
anywhere in the world by using a Web Browser (as a Client application) to
access the GUI and functionalities of the VerazView (as a Server application).
Integrated Event Browser, showing a summary of events originating from the
equipment sites, as well as events related to certain user operations with the
VerazView application
Supports configuration validation at all levels
Runtime configuration capability: changing configuration parameters for a
media gateway without shutting it down or rebooting
Security management: Authorization and authentication of users, audition of
operator actions, access control and management, and management of multiple
operators.
Access level (access rights): defines the set of procedures that a user is permitted
to carry out. Multiple authorization levels may be defined (where each level can
perform the stated tasks as well as the tasks of all previous levels):
History log of events/alarms, with filter and search utilities, for ease of use
Comprehensive reports: display of vital information concerning system
management, traffic monitoring , and traffic statistics
Backup and Restore operations: for maps, managers, embedded software and
Topology Tree.
Runtime Configuration: the ability to change the working parameters of the I-
Gate 4000 EDGE without the need to reset the gateway and disrupt its traffic. In
order to change a gateway's working parameters, the operator uses the
VerazView Configurator. By working with a GUI similar to the one used during
the static configuration process, the operator can change a gateway's working
parameters one by one, and instruct the gateway to implement the new working
parameters.

I - G a t e 4 0 0 0 E D G E G e n e r a l D e s c ri p t i o n V e r a z V i ew M a n a g e m e n t
4.3. Fault and Performance Manager

The Fault and Performance Manager is the main user interface of the VerazView
management system for the management of media gateways. The Fault and
Performance Manager is in charge of gathering, formatting, and presenting status
information from every media gateway. From this window, the operator can perform
all the functions required to monitor, manage and control the gateways easily and
efficiently. The extent of a user's access is based on the assigned authorization level.
4.3.1. Fault and Performance Manager Window

The Fault and Performance Manager window contains all the necessary tools to
view and handle network element events, view reports and define new users. When
the Fault and Performance Manager is accessed, the Fault and Performance Manager
window contains the Network View.
The Network View displays the highest current alarm severity for any network
element, regardless of whether the tree is expanded. For example, a site will show
the highest severity of an alarm on any network element that is defined in that site.
Expanding a branch enables viewing the specific network element from which the
alarm originates. The highest alarm severity among all network elements is
displayed beside the Network icon (Root icon).
The Fault and Performance Manager tree enables easy access to detailed information
for the network elements displayed on the tree, and performance of pertinent
operations. The workspace (also called the List View) of the Network View contains
region, area, site, or network element icons depending on the branch of the Fault and
Performance Manager tree that is selected. Right-clicking a region, area, site or
network element displays additional information and permits access to a wide range
of operations.
4.3.2. Event and Alarm Handling

A large proportion of the Veraz operator's daily tasks involve handling events that
occur due to traffic and hardware failure in network elements. The Fault and
Performance Manager acts as the information display and relay system for these
events. Using customized graphic displays, the Fault and Performance Manager

V e r a z V i ew M a n a g e m e n t I-Gate 4000 EDGE General Description
reads information from network elements which it organizes into various views. By
providing basic and advanced filters, as well as the ability to select the entire
network, a site, a cluster, or a single network element, the Fault and Performance
Manager enables the operator to view as much or as little information as required.
There are two major elements in the viewing and handling of network element
events: the Current Alarms view and the History Browser. The Current Alarms view
enables the operator to view both open alarms and closed alarms that have not yet
been acknowledged. The Current Alarms view also enables the operator to track
event handling by viewing events as they occur and acknowledging them. The
History Browser enables the operator to view past events and alarms, and to filter
event information, in order to see as much or as little information as required, and to
focus on specific event information. Both components offer standard and advanced
viewing options and tools that enable the operator to move easily through the alarm
listings.
4.4. Configurator
The Configurator guides the operator through the steps for properly configuring a
media gateway and for providing the services necessary to operate and monitor the
system. The Configurator also checks the validity of the complete configuration.
Using the Configurator, an operator can set various parameters in the I-Gate 4000
EDGE media gateway. These parameters characterize the hardware as well as the
type of connection between media gateways. All parameters are stored in a database
called the configuration map. The configuration map is organized according to
several categories and kept in a special data structure called a MIB. This
configuration information is contained in the flash memory of the I-Gate 4000
EDGE.
An operator can also perform runtime configuration. This means that it is possible to
change configuration parameters for a media gateway without switching off or
rebooting it. The VerazView runtime configuration option uses the same GUI as the
basic Configurator, making it very easy to use. When using the basic Configurator,
the operator edits all the working parameters of the I-Gate 4000 EDGE and then
activates the map. The runtime configuration option is used in order to change the
parameters of the media gateway during its operation.

5
Technical Specifications
5.1. Telephony Traffic

Total Capacity • Maximum of 496 DS0 trunk channels
(496 simultaneous calls and signaling)
Voice Processing • G.711 PCM @ 64Kbps

• G.723.1 ACELP / MPMLQ @ 5.3, 6.3 Kbps
• G.729A (+B) CS-ACELP @ 8Kbps
• GSM-EFR (12.2 Kbps at the first release)
• Silence Suppression
Echo Canceller • ITU-T G.168 & G.165 compliant

• Up to 128 msec tail length
• Dynamic EC enabling controlled by signaling and/or
softswitch/media gateway controller
Fax support • Group 3 faxes (up to 14.4 Kb/s)

• ITU-T T.38 fax relay or up-speeding to G.711,
according to a configuration parameter
Voice Band Data (modem) support • Pass through to G.711
DTMF Handling • Detection and generation according to RFC 2833

• MGCP -- DTMF package support
Jitter Buffer Size • Up to 300 msec

Technical Specifications I-Gate 4000 EDGE General Description
5.2. Trunk Interfaces (PSTN)

E1 2.048 Mbit/s Balanced 120Ω Up to 16 trunks
T1 1.544 Mbit/s Balanced 100Ω Up to 20 trunks
Trunk Signaling • Compressed SS7 Backhaul (over SCTP)

• ISDN PRI -- Layer 2 (LAPD) termination, transfer to
upper layers via: Q.931/IUA/SCTP/IP to the MGC
(SIGTRAN model)
• CAS R1.5
• CAS R1 signaling via MGCP package (future release)
• MF R2 signaling via MGCP package (future release)
• Q.50
5.3. Packet Network Interface (IP/TDM)

Physical • 100BaseT (Fast Ethernet)
• TDM -- E1, T1
Protocols • IPV4 best effort

• IPV4 Diff-Serv (T.O.S bits)
Packetized Voice Traffic • RTP/RTCP
Bearer Control Protocols • MGCP Version 1.0

• H.248/MEGACO (future release)
• Static Trunking (DCME over IP) -- for standalone
media gateway applications
WAN Protocols • PPP

• ML-PPP
• Proprietary IPoTDM
Management • SNMP
• FTP

I-Gate 4000 EDGE General Description Technical Specifications
5.4. Redundancy and Availability

Main Card • 1:1 BPSM redundancy
• 1:1 XPSM redundancy
Power Supply • 1:1 EDCM redundancy

• 1:1 EACM redundancy
Failover Time • Less than 1 sec.
TDM Link Protection 1:1 mode (redundant / alternative bearer) and multilink
mode using MLPPP
Fast Ethernet Link Protection • 1:1 (based on BPSM/XPSM redundancy and external
LAN switch)
Availability • 99.9997 %
Additional High Availability Features • Hot-card swapping -- Hot extractions/insertions of cards

• Hitless SW Upgrade -- Non traffic affecting
• Runtime configuration
• Continuity Tone (COT) Testing -- Originating and
Termination
5.5. System Synchronization

Clock Source • Primary Clock Source (E1 or T1 bit stream)
• Secondary Clock Source (E1 or T1 bit stream)
• Internal Clock Source
Internal Timing Module • Operation modes: complies with ITU-T

recommendations G.812 and G.813 type III
• Jitter/Wander tolerance/transfer complies with AT&T
TR-62411 and Telcordia GR-1244 Stratum 3
specifications
• Jitter specifications comply with ITU-T 825, ANSI
T1.101
• Telcordia GR-2830 core

Technical Specifications I-Gate 4000 EDGE General Description
5.6. Power
DC power input • -48VDC / -60VDC
AC power input • 220 VAC / 110 VAC
Power Consumption • Max 70 Watts
5.7. Environmental Conditions

Electro-Magnetic Compatibility • Europe -
♦ EN300386-2
♦ Emission - EN55022-Class B
♦ Immunity - ENG1000-2, 3, 4, 5, 6
• North America -
♦ FCC rules part 15
♦ Bellcore GR-1089
Product Safety • UL 1950, 3rd edition for US.

• CSA 22.2 No. 95- for Canada.
• CE EN60950 Amd. 4.
Environmental standards • ETSI - ETS300019

• Bellcore - GR-63
Operating Temperature Range • -5°C to 50°C
5.8. Physical Characteristics

Dimensions • Width -- 435mm (17.1") - not incl. mounting brackets
• Height -- 44.45mm (1.0", 1U)
• Depth -- 350mm (13.8")
Weight • 3.98 Kg

A
Glossary
100BaseT Fast Ethernet Interface

3G Third Generation
AC Alternating Current
ACELP Algebraic Code-Excited Linear Prediction
ACO Alarm Cut Off
aka also known as
ALOC Average Length of Call
AMR Adaptive Multi-Rate (codec)
ANSI American National Standards Institute
B3ZS Bipolar with 3-Zero Suppression
BER Bit Error Rate
BIT Built-In-Test
BPSM Basic Processing and Switching Module
BPO Business Process Outsourcing
CAS Channel Associated Signaling
CapEx Capital Expenditure
CCR Call Completion Ratio
CCS Common Channel Signaling
CDR Call Detail Record
CE Conformite European
CLASS 4/5 Type of Telecom Switch Architecture
05050301-03 Veraz Networks Inc. Proprietary A-1

Glossary I-Gate 4000 EDGE General Description
CNG Comfort Noise Generation

CPE Customer Premises Equipment
CPU Central Processing unit
CRC Cyclic redundancy checking
CSA Canadian Standards Institute
CS-ACELP Conjugate Structure Algebraic Code-Excited Linear Prediction,
a speech compression algorithm
CSB Compressed Signaling Backhaul
DCME Digital Circuit Multiplication Equipment
DLC Dynamic Load Control
DS Digital Signal
DS0 64 kbit/s Digital Signal
DS1 1.544 Mbit/s interface (US); aka T1
DS3 44.736 Mbit/s interface (US); aka T3
DSL Digital Subscriber Lines
DSLAM Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer
DSP Digital signal processing
DTMF Dual Tone Multi-Frequency
E1 2048 kbit/s interface (Europe)
EACM EDGE AC Power Supply Module
EDCM EDGE DC Power Supply Module
EFR Enhanced Full Rate (codec)
EFTM EDGE Fan Tray Module
EMI ElectroMagnetic Interference
ERLE Echo Return Loss Enhancement
ETL Echo Tail Length
A-2 Veraz Networks Inc. Proprietary 05050301-03

I-Gate 4000 EDGE General Description Glossary
ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute

FCC Federal Communication Commission
FTP File Transfer Protocol
G.723.1 Codec
G.729 Codec
GSM Global System for Mobile Communications
GUI Graphical User Interface
H.248 Media Gateway Control Protocol for handling the signaling and
session management
H.323 ITU standard for VoIP telephony
IC4P 4-Port TDM Network Interface card
IC8P 8-Port TDM Network Interface card
ICHP 20-Port TDM Network Interface card
IAD Integrated Access Device
I/F Interface
I/O Input/Output
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
IETF Internet Engineering Task Force
IMS IP Multimedia Subsystem
IN Intelligent Network
IP Internet Protocol
IPoTDM IP protocol over TDM network
ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network
ITU International Telecommunication Union
IUA ISDN User Adaptation Layer
IVR Interactive Voice Response

LAN Local Area Network

LAPD Link Access Procedure (channel-D). Used in ISDN data
channel.
LED Light-Emitting Diode
LT Lamp Test
MF Multi Frequency coding
MG or MGW Media Gateway
MGC Media Gateway Controller
MGCP Media Gateway Control Protocol
MIB Management Information Base
ML-PPP Multi-Link Point-to-Point Protocol
MOS Mean Opinion Score
MSC Mobile Switching Center
MTA Message Transfer Agent
MTBF Mean Time Between Failures
MTP2 Message Transfer Part Layer 2 of SS7 signaling protocol
NGN New-Generation Network
NRZ Non-Return to Zero
OC Optical Carrier
OC-3 Optical Carrier -- 155 Mbit/s
OpEx Operational Expenditures
PABX Private Automatic Branch Exchange
PCM Pulse Code Modulation
PDH Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy
PLC Packet Loss Concealment
POI Point of Interconnection

I-Gate 4000 EDGE General Description Glossary
PPP Point-to-Point Protocol

PPS Packet Priority Selection
PRI Primary Rate Interface ISDN
PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network
Q.50 Control Protocol (Types A and B)
QoS Quality of Service
RFC Request for Comment
RJ-45 8-wire Connector
RS-232 Recommended Standard 232
RTCP Realtime Transport Control Protocol
RTP Realtime Transport Protocol
Rx Receive
SC Square Connector
SCTP Stream Control Transmission Protocol
SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
SIGTRAN Signaling transport architecture
SIP Session Initiation Protocol
SME Small and Medium-sized Enterprise
SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol
SONET Synchronous Optical Network
SP Source Port
SS7 Signaling System No. 7
SSW Softswitch
STM-1 Synchronous Transfer Mode
SVM Software Version Management
T1 1544 kbit/s interface/rate (US) -- equivalent to DS1

T-38 ITU Standard (Fax over IP)

TCO Total Cost of Ownership
TDM Time Division Multiplexing
Telcordia Telecommunication Standard
TR-Tx Trunk Transmit
Tx Transmit
UDP User Datagram Protocol
UL Underwriter Laboratories
VAD Voice Activity Detection
VBD Voice Band Data
VerazView-xMS Management system for the I-Gate products
VoIP Voice over IP
WAN Wide Area Network
WBM Web-Based Management
xDSL Digital Subscriber Line - generic
XPSM Expanded Processing and Switching Module

B
Index
A D
ALOC, 1-5 DCME over IP, 1-17
Announcement and Tone playing, 3-15 Decomposed switch, 1-3
Applications, 1-11 Delay, 3-9
Architecture, 1-8 Dimensions, 2-1
DTMF signaling, 3-9
B
Business PRI Interface applications, 1-12, E
1-21 Echo cancellation, 3-4
Echo Cancellation, 1-6
C Ethernet, 1-9
Call control, 1-3
Call Processing, 3-2 F
Card Description, 2-1 Fault and Performance, 4-1
Cards Fax performance, 3-8
ALRM, 2-14 Fax relay, 3-8
BPSM, 2-5 Fax Relay, 1-6
EACM, 2-11
EDCM, 2-12 I
EFTM, 2-13 I-Gate 4000 EDGE
IC4P, 2-2 Applications, 1-11
IC8P, 2-3 Architecture, 1-8
ICHP, 2-4 Features, 1-8
XPSM, 2-8 interoperability, 1-9
CCR, 1-5 Media Gateway, 1-5
cellular network applications, 1-12, 1-15 Service performance, 1-5
Combined-mode applications, 1-12 Traffic handling, 3-1
Comfort Noise Generation, 3-5 I-Gate 4000 EDGE Applications, 1-13
Common Channel signaling, 1-7 Interoperability, 1-9, 3-14
Compressed CCS Backhaul, 3-11
Compression ratio, 1-6 J
Configuration map, 4-4 Jitter buffer, 3-5
Configurator, 4-1 Jitter Buffer algorithm, 1-7
05050301-03 Veraz Networks Inc. Proprietary B-1

Index I-Gate 4000 EDGE General Description
Signal Classification, 1-6

M Signaling compression, 1-7
Management, 4-1 Signaling layer, 1-3
Media gateway, 1-4 Silence suppression, 3-4
Modem support, 3-8 Silence Suppression, 1-6
MOS, 1-5 Single Route Application, 1-19
Multibearer and Multipoint Configuration, Smart Packet priority selection, 3-12
1-20 Smart Packet Priority Selection, 1-7
Softswitch controlled applications, 1-12
N SS7 Signaling, 1-7
New generation switching infrastructure Static Trunking, 1-11, 1-17
network, 1-13 Static Trunking over TDM Bearer, 1-12
New Generation Tandem Network, 1-14 System delay, 1-7, 3-9
New Voice Infrastructure, 1-3, 1-11
Nex-Gen Cellular Network, 1-16
T
NGN, 1-3 TDM, 1-4
NGN solutions, 1-11 TDM Bearer Links, 1-9
TDM bearer redundancy, 3-13
O TDM-to-VoIP Tandem Switch Replacement,
Openness, 3-14 1-13
Technical Specifications, 1-6, 5-1
P Three-Layer Switch Model, 1-4
Three-layered switch model, 1-3
Packet aggregation, 3-9
Toll Quality Voice, 1-5, 3-3
Packet Aggregation, 1-6
Traffic handling, 3-1
Packet loss concealment, 3-6
Transparency, 3-2
Packet Loss Concealment, 1-7
Packet priority selection, 3-12 V
Packet Priority Selection, 1-7
Payload shaping, 3-9 VerazView, 4-1
Point to Multipoint Configuration, 1-19 Features, 4-1
Point-to-point configuration, 1-18 Voice Activity Detection, 3-5
PRI signaling, 1-7 Voice band data support, 3-8
PSTN, 1-3 Voice over IP, 1-3
VoIP, 1-3
Q
X
QoS protection control, 3-12
QoS Protection Control, 1-7 xMS
Alarm handling, 4-3
R Configurator, 4-4
Current Alarms view, 4-4
Router Load Balancing, 3-10
Event management, 4-3
S Fault and Performance Manager, 4-3
History Browser, 4-4
Service quality, 3-14 MIB, 4-4
Signal classification, 3-7 Runtime configuration, 4-2
B-2 Veraz Networks Inc. Proprietary 05050301-03

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Revision record: I-Gate 4000 EDGE General Description

2 Physical & Card Description ................................................................... 2-1

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3 Traffic Handling Features ........................................................................ 3-1

4 VerazView Management........................................................................... 4-1

ii Veraz Networks Inc. Proprietary 05050301-03

5 Technical Specifications ......................................................................... 5-1

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05050301-03 Veraz Networks Inc. Proprietary 1-1

1-2 Veraz Networks Inc. Proprietary 05050301-03

1.1. New Generation Voice Switching

05050301-03 Veraz Networks Inc. Proprietary 1-3

One of the fundamental elements of the new-generation telecom scenario is the

Figure 1-1: Three-Layer Switch Model

1-4 Veraz Networks Inc. Proprietary 05050301-03

1.2. The I-Gate 4000 EDGE Media Gateway

1.2.1. Industry-Leading Service Performance

05050301-03 Veraz Networks Inc. Proprietary 1-5

High-Performance Silence Suppression: Globally deployed Silence

1-6 Veraz Networks Inc. Proprietary 05050301-03

High-performance Jitter Buffer algorithm: Adaptive jitter buffer management

05050301-03 Veraz Networks Inc. Proprietary 1-7

1.2.2. Carrier-Grade Features

1-8 Veraz Networks Inc. Proprietary 05050301-03

1.2.3. Ethernet and TDM Bearer Links

05050301-03 Veraz Networks Inc. Proprietary 1-9

1-10 Veraz Networks Inc. Proprietary 05050301-03

1.3. Veraz New Generation Network Solutions

1.4. I-Gate 4000 EDGE Applications

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1.5. Examples of I-Gate 4000 EDGE

1.5.1. TDM-to-VoIP Class 4/Tandem Switch

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Figure 1-2: New Generation Tandem Network Solution

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1.5.2. I-Gate 4000 EDGE in Nex-Gen Cellular Network

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Figure 1-3: Nex-Gen Cellular Network Application

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1.5.3. Static Trunking over IP or TDM Bearer

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This configuration has the following characteristics:

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Figure 1-4: Single Route Application

Figure 1-5: Point to Multipoint Configuration

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Figure 1-6: Multibearer and Multipoint Configuration

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1.5.4. Business PRI Interface Applications

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Table 2-1: I-Gate 4000 EDGE Dimensions

2.2. Module Description

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2.2.1. IC4P Card -- 4-Port TDM Network Interface