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EUROPEAN COMMISSION

Reference Document on
Best Available Techniques in the Production of

Polymers
August 2007
Chapter 13

13.10 BAT for the production of viscose fibres


Additionally to the generic BAT (see Section 13.1), for the production of viscose fibres, the
following BAT have to be taken into account.

1. BAT is to operate spinning frames in houses (see Section 12.7.1)

2. BAT is to condense the exhaust air from spinning streets to recover CS2 and recycle it
back into the process (see Section 12.7.2)

3. BAT is to recover CS2 from exhaust air streams through adsorption on activated
carbon (see Section 12.7.3)

Depending on the concentration of H2S in the exhaust air, different technologies are available
for the adsorptive recovery of CS2.

4. BAT is to apply exhaust air desulphurisation processes based on catalytic oxidation


with H2SO4 production (see Section 12.7.4)

Depending on the mass flows and concentrations, there are a number of different processes
available to oxidise sulphur containing exhaust gases.

5. BAT is to recover sulphate from spinning baths (see Section 12.7.5)

BAT is to remove sulphate as Na2SO4 from the waste water. The by-product is economically
valuable and sold.

6. BAT is to reduce Zn from the waste water by alkaline precipitation followed by


sulphide precipitation (see Section 12.7.6)

BAT is to achieve 1.5 mg/l of Zn.

For sensitive waterbodies, BAT is to achieve 0.3 mg/l of Zn.

7. BAT is to use anaerobic sulphate reduction techniques for sensitive waterbodies (see
Section 12.7.7)

If further sulphate elimination is necessary, anaerobic reduction to H2S is carried out.

8. BAT is to use fluidised bed incinerators to burn non-hazardous wastes (see Section
12.7.8) and recover the heat for the production of steam or energy

Polymers 275
Chapter 13

9. Taking into account the BAT in Sections 13.1 and 13.10, the following emission and
consumption levels are associated with BAT for the production of viscose staple fibres:

Unit per tonne of


Viscose staple fibres BAT AEL range
product
Consumptions per tonne of product
Energy GJ 20 30
Process water m3 35 70
Cooling water m3 189 260
Pulp t 1.035 1.065
CS2 kg 80 100
H2SO4 t 0.6 1.0
NaOH t 0.4 0.6
Zn kg 2 10
Spin finish kg 3 5
NaOCl kg 0 50
Emissions per tonne of product
S to air kg 12 20
SO42- to water kg 200 300
Zn to water g 10 50
COD g 3000 5000
Waste
Hazardous waste kg 0.2 2
Noise
Noise at the fence dB(A) 55 70
Table 13.13: BAT associated emission and consumption levels for the production of viscose staple
fibres

276 Polymers

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