LAMPIRAN A

PERHITUNGAN NERACA MASSA

Kapasitas produksi = 25.000 ton/tahun

1 tahun = 330 hari
1 hari = 24 jam
𝑡𝑜𝑛 1 𝑡𝑎ℎ𝑢𝑛 1 ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑖
Kapasitas produksi = 25.000 𝑥 𝑥
𝑡𝑎ℎ𝑢𝑛 330 ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑖 24 𝑗𝑎𝑚
= 3,1565 ton / jam
= 3156, 5656 kg / jam
Kemurnian Na3PO4.12H2O yang dihasilkan adalah 98%, maka:
Na3PO4.12H2O = 98 % x 3156, 5656 kg/jam
= 3093,4343 kg/jam
= 8,13633 kmol/jam

Bahan baku = Na2HPO4 98,0 %

= NaOH 98,0 %

Basis Perhitungan = 1 kmol umpan Na2HPO4

99 %
Reaksi : Na2HPO4 + NaOH Na3PO4 + H2O
(Faith Keyes, 1975)
Skema aliran

H2O
NaOH 70%
NaOH Uap H2O

H2O
Na2HPO4 Rotary Na3PO4.12H2O
RATB CR-1 Centrifuge
40% Dryer 98%
Na2HPO4

Mother A1
Liquor
1. Mixing Tank-01 (MT-01)

Fungsi: MelarutkanNa2HPO4 98,0 % menjadi larutan Na2HPO4 40 %

(2) Aliran 1 (F1) : Na2HPO4 98,0 %

Aliran 2 (F2) : Aliran H2O
(1) (3)
MT-01
) Aliran 3 (F3) : Aliran Na2HPO4 40 %
menuju mixer

 Umpan Na2HPO4 98,0 % masuk MT-1 = 1 kmol /jam

F1 Na2HPO4 = kmol/jam x Mr Na2HPO4

= 1 kmol/jam x 142,0 kg/kmol
= 142,0 kg/jam
 100% 
F1 Na2HPO4 98,0 % = F1 Na2HPO4 x  
 98% 
 100% 
= 142,0 kg/jam x  
 98% 
= 144,89796 kg/jam
F1H2O = 1,25 % x 144,89796 kg/jam
= 1,81122 kg/jam
F1 Na2SO4 = 0,7 % x 144,89796 kg/jam
= 1,01429 kg/jam
F1NaCl = 0,05 % x 144,89796 kg/jam
= 0,07245 kg/jam
F1Impurities = F1H2O + F1 Na2SO4+ F1NaCl
= 1,81122 + 1,01429 + 0,07245 kg/jam
= 2,89796 kg/jam

A2
 Umpan H2O aliran 2 yang dibutuhkan untuk membuat Na2HPO4 40 %
 100% 
F3total   x F1 Na 2 HPO 4 
 40% 
 100% 
 x 142 kg/jam  = 355,00000 kg/jam
 40% 
F2H2O = F3total – Na2HPO4 98,0 %
= 355,00000 kg/jam –144,89796 kg/jam = 210,10204 kg/jam

 Neraca Masuk = Neraca Keluar

Aliran (1) + Aliran (2) = Aliran (3)

Tabel A.1 Neraca Massa Mixing Tank-01

Tangki Pengencer (MT-01)
Input Output
Komponen
Aliran 1 Aliran 2 Aliran 3
F (kg/jam) F (kg/jam) F (kg/jam)
Na2HPO4 142,00000 - 142,00000
H2O 1,81122 210,10204 211,91326
Na2SO4 1,01429 - 1,01429
NaCl 0,07245 - 0,07245
Subtotal 144,89796 210,10204 355,00000
Total 355,00000 355,00000

A3
2. Mixing Tank-02 (MT-02)

Fungsi: Melarutkan NaOH 98,0 % menjadi larutan NaOH 70 %

(5) Aliran 4 (F4) : NaOH 98,0 %

(6) Aliran 5 (F5) : Aliran H2O

(4) MT-02
Aliran 6 (F6) : Aliran NaOH 70,0 %
menuju mixer

 Umpan NaOH 98,0 % masuk MT-2

F4NaOH = N1 Na2HPO4 x Mr NaOH

= 1 kmol/jam x 40 kg/kmol
= 40 kg/jam
 100% 
F4H2O = 1,53 % x  x F 4 NaOH 
 98% 
 100% 
= 1,53 % x  x 40 kg/jam 
 98% 
= 0,62449 kg/jam
 100% 
F4Na2CO3 = 0,4 % x  x 40 kg/jam 
 98% 

= 0,16327 kg/jam
 100% 
F4Na2SO4 = 0,04 % x  x 40 kg/jam 
 98% 

= 0,01633 kg/jam
 100% 
F4NaCl = 0,03 % x  x 40 kg/jam 
 98% 

= 0,01224 kg/jam
F4Impurities = F4H2O + F4Na2CO3 + F4Na2SO4 + F4NaCl
= 0,62449 + 0,16327 + 0,01633 + 0,01224
= 0,81633 kg/jam
A4
 F4 NaOH 98,0 % = F4NaOH + F4Impurities
= 40 kg/jam + 0,81633 kg/jam
= 40,81633 kg/jam

 Umpan H2O aliran 5 yang dibutuhkan untuk membuat NaOH 70%

 100% 
F6total   x F 4 NaOH 
 70% 
 100% 
= x 40 kg/jam  = 57,14286 kg/jam
 70% 
F5H2O = F6total – F4NaOH 98,0 %
= 57,14286 kg/jam – 40,81633 kg/jam= 16,32653 kg/jam

 Neraca Masuk = Neraca Keluar

Aliran (4) + Aliran (5) = Aliran (6)

Tabel A.2 Neraca Massa Mixing Tank-02

Tangki Pengencer (MT-02)
Input Output
Komponen
Aliran 4 Aliran 5 Aliran 6
F (kg/jam) F (kg/jam) F (kg/jam)
NaOH 40,00000 - 40,00000
H2O 0,62449 16,32653 16,95102

Na2CO3 0,16327 - 0,16327

Na2SO4 0,01633 - 0,01633
NaCl 0,01224 - 0,01224
Subtotal 40,81633 16,32653 57,14286
Total 57,14286 57,14286

3. Reaktor -01 (R-01)

A5
 Fungsi: Mereaksikan larutan Na2HPO4 40 % dengan larutan NaOH 70 %.

(6) Aliran 3 (F3) : Na2HPO4 40 %

(3) (7) Aliran 6 (F6) : NaOH 70 %.
R-1
Aliran 7 (F7) : Aliran menuju evaporator

Reaksi : Na2HPO4 + NaOH Na3PO4 + H2O

Awal 1,00000 1,00000 - -

Reaksi : 0,99000 0,99000 0,99000 0,99000

Sisa : 0,01000 0,01000 0,99000 0,99000

F7Na2HPO4 = N7Na2HPO4x Mr Na2HPO4

= 0,01000 kmol/jam x 142,0 kg/kmol
= 1,42000 kg/jam
F7NaOH = N7NaOHx Mr NaOH
= 0,01000 kmol/jam x 40,0 kg/kmol
= 0,40000 kg/jam
F7Na3PO4 = N7Na3PO4x Mr Na3PO4
= 0,99000 kmol/jam x 164,0 kg/kmol
= 162,36000 kg/jam
F7H2Oterbentuk = N7H2Ox Mr H2O
= 0,99000 kmol/jam x 18 kg/kmol
= 17,82000 kg/jam
F7H2O total = F7H2O terbentuk + F3H2O + F6H2O
= 17,82000 kg/jam + 211,91326 kg/jam + 16,95102 kg/jam
= 246,68428 kg/jam

Tabel A.3 Neraca Massa Reaktor-01

A6
 Reaktor (R-01)
Input Output
Komponen
Aliran 3 Aliran 6 Aliran 7
F (kg/jam) F (kg/jam) F (kg/jam)
Na3PO4 - - 162,36000
Na2HPO4 142,00000 - 1,42000
NaOH - 40,00000 0,40000
H2O 211,91326 16,95102 246,68428
Na2CO3 - 0,16327 0,16327
Na2SO4 1,01429 0,01633 1,03062

NaCl 0,07245 0,01224 0,08469

Subtotal 355,00000 57,14286 412,14286
Total 412,14286 412,14286

4. Kristalizer -01 (CR-01)

A7
Fungsi: Membentuk kristal Na3PO4.12H2O

(7) (8) Aliran 7 (F7) : Aliran dari evaporator

CR-01
Aliran 8 (F8) : Aliran menuju centrifuge

 Proses kristalisasi dilakukan pada suhu 45oC dimana kelarutan Na3PO4

adalah 27,2 kg/100 kg (Seidell, 1940).
 Kebutuhan air untuk impurities agar tetap larut :
Kelarutan NaOH pada 45oC = 137 kg/100 kg (Perry, 2008)
Kelarutan Na2HPO4 pada 45oC = 67,3 kg/100 kg (Seidell, 1940)
Kelarutan Na2CO3 pada 45oC = 48,05 kg/100 kg (Seidell, 1940)
Kelarutan Na2SO4 pada 45oC = 47,625 kg/100 kg (Seidell, 1940)
Kelarutan NaCl pada 45oC = 36,6 kg/100 kg (Seidell, 1940)

F H2Ountuk impurities :
 F8 NaOH   F8 Na 2 HPO 4   F8 Na 2 CO 3   F8 Na 2 SO 4   F8 NaCl 
          
   0,4805    0,47625 
 1,37   0,673       0,366 

 0,40000   1,42000   0,16327   1,03062   0,08469 

     
 1,37   0,673   0,4805   0,47625   0,366 
= 5,13714 kg/jam
 Maka air yang dibutuhkan untuk Na3PO4 :
F H2Ountuk Na3PO4 = F8H2O - F H2Ountuk impurities
= 246,68428 kg/jam – 5,13714 kg/jam
= 241,54714 kg/jam
 Mencari yield kristal :
 c  c 2 1  E)  
y  Rw  1 
 1 - c 2 (R  1) 
Dimana :
y = Berat Na3PO4.12H2O yang mengkristal

A8
R = Ratio berat molekul dalam bentuk hidrat dengan berat molekul
 380,2 
Dalam bentuk anhidrat     2,3183
 164 

 162,36000 
c1 = Konsentrasi awal =    0,6722
 241,54714 
c2 = Kelarutan Na3PO4 pada suhu 45oC = 27,2 kg/100 kg air = 0,272
w = Berat air mula-mula = 246,68428 kg/jam – 5,13714 kg/jam
= 241,54714 kg/jam
E = air yang menguap = 0 kg/jam

(Richardson, 2002)
Maka persamaan menjadi :
 0,6722  0,272 1  0)  
y  2,3183 x 241,54714    349,38535 kg/jam
 1 - 0,272 (2,3183  1) 

 164 
F7Na3PO4 yang mengkristal=   x 349,38535  150,70804 kg/jam
 380,2 
F7Na3PO4 yang tidak mengkristaL =162,36000 kg/jam – 150,70804 kg/jam
= 11,65196 kg/jam
F7H2O yang mengkristal = F8Na3PO4.12H2O – F7Na3PO4 kristal
= 349,38535 kg/jam – 150,70804 kg/jam
= 198,67731 kg/jam
F8H2O = F7H2O – F7H2O yang mengkristal
= 246,68428 kg/jam – 198,67731 kg/jam
= 48,00697 kg/jam

A9
Tabel A.4 Neraca Massa Kristalizer-01
Kristalizer (CR-01)
Input Output
Komponen
Aliran 7 Aliran 8
F (kg/jam) F (kg/jam)
Na3PO4.12H2O - 349,38535
Na3PO4 162,36000 11,65196
Na2HPO4 1,42000 1,42000
NaOH 0,40000 0,40000
H2O 246,68428 48,00697
Na2CO3 0,16327 0,16327
Na2SO4 1,03062 1,03062
NaCl 0,08469 0,08469
Total 412,14286 412,14286

A 10
5. Centrifuge -01 (CF-01)

Fungsi: Memisahkan kristal Na3PO4.12H2O dari larutan induk

(8) (10) Aliran 8 (F8) : Aliran dari kristalizer

CF-01
Aliran 9 (F9) : Aliran mother liquor
(9)
Aliran 10 (F10) : Aliran menuju rotary
dryer

 Mother liquor pada kristal = 2% – 10%.

Dalam perhitungan 5%
Mother liquorkristal = 5% x 349,38535 kg/jam
= 17,46927 kg/jam

Maka tiap komponen yang terikat pada kristal:

 F 8 NaOH 
10
F NaOH =   x Mother Liquor
 F 8 total  F 8 Na PO .12H O  krsital
 3 4 2 
 0,40000 
=   x 17,46927 kg/jam
 412,14286 - 349,38535 
= 0,11135 kg/jam
 F 8 Na 2 HPO 4 
F10Na2HPO4 =  8  x Mother Liquor

 F total  F Na 3 PO 4 .12H 2 O 
8 krsital

 1,42000 
=   x 17,46927 kg/jam
 412,14286 - 349,38535 
= 0,39527 kg/jam
 F8 H 2 O 
10
F H2O =   x Mother Liquor
 F 8 total  F 8 Na PO .12H O  krsital
 3 4 2 
 48,00697 
=   x 17,46927 kg/jam
 412,14286 - 349,38535 
= 13,36329 kg/jam

A 11
  F 8 Na 3 PO 4 
10
F Na3PO4 =   x Mother Liquor
 F 8 total  F 8 Na 3 PO 4 .12H 2 O  krsital
 
 11,65196 
=   x 17,46927 kg/jam
 412,14286 - 349,38535 
= 3,24346 kg/jam
 F 8 Na 2 CO 3 
10
F Na2CO3 = 8  x Mother Liquor
 F total  F8 Na 3 PO 4 .12H 2 O  krsital
 
 0,16327 
=   x 17,46927 kg/jam
 412,14286 - 349,38535 
= 0,04545 kg/jam
 F 8 Na 2 SO 4 
10
F Na2SO4 =   x Mother Liquor
 F 8 total  F 8 Na 3 PO 4 .12H 2 O  krsital
 
 1,03062 
=   x 17,46927 kg/jam
 412,14286 - 349,38535 
= 0,28688 kg/jam
 F 8 NaCl 
10
F NaCl = 8  x Mother Liquor
 F total  F Na PO .12H O 
8 krsital
 3 4 2 
 0,08469 
=   x 17,46927 kg/jam

 412,14286 - 349,38535 

= 0,02357 kg/jam

 Komponen pada aliran 9 :

F9Na2HPO4 = F8 Na2HPO4 – F10Na2HPO4
= 1,42000 kg/jam – 0,39527 kg/jam
= 1,02473 kg/jam
F9NaOH = F8NaOH- F10NaOH
= 0,40000 kg/jam - 0,11135 kg/jam
= 0,28865 kg/jam
F9Na3PO4 = F8Na3PO4 - F10Na3PO4

A 12
 = 11,65196 kg/jam - 3,24346 kg/jam
= 8,40850 kg/jam
F9H2O = F8H2O – F10H2O
= 48,00697 kg/jam – 13,36329 kg/jam
= 34,64368 kg/jam
F9Na2CO3 = F8Na2CO3 – F10Na2CO3
= 0,16327 kg/jam – 0,04545 kg/jam
= 0,11782 kg/jam
F9 Na2SO4 = F8 Na2SO4– F10 Na2SO4
= 1,03062 kg/jam – 0,28688 kg/jam
= 0,74374 kg/jam
F9 NaCl = F8 NaCl– F10 NaCl
= 0,08469 kg/jam – 0,02357 kg/jam
= 0,06112 kg/jam

Tabel A.5 Neraca Massa Centrifuge-01

Centrifuge (CF-01)
Input Output
Komponen
Aliran 8 Aliran 9 Aliran 10
F (kg/jam) F (kg/jam) F (kg/jam)
Na3PO4.12H2O 349,38535 - 349,38535
Na3PO4 11,65196 8,40850 3,24346
Na2HPO4 1,42000 1,02473 0,39527
NaOH 0,40000 0,28865 0,11135
H2O 48,00697 13,36329 34,64368

Na2CO3 0,16327 0,11782 0,04545

Na2SO4 1,03062 0,74374 0,28688

NaCl 0,08469 0,06112 0,02357

Subtotal 412,14286 24,00785 388,13501
Total 412,14286 412,14286

A 13
6. Rotary Dryer -01 (RD-01)

(11) Aliran 10 (F10) : Aliran dari centrifuge

(10) (12) Aliran 11 (F11) : Uap H2O
RD-01
Aliran 12 (F12) : Produk

Diketahui :
F10Na3PO4.12H2O = F12Na3PO4.12H2O = 349,38535 kg/jam
F10impurity = F10total – F10 Na3PO4.12H2O
= 388,13501 kg/jam – 349,38535 kg/jam
= 38,74966 kg/jam
Diinginkan impurity dalam produk = 2 %
 100% 
Maka F12total =   x F Na 3 PO 4 .12H 2 O
10

 98% 
= 356,51566 kg/jam
F12impurity = F12total –F12Na3PO4.12H2O
= 356,51566 kg/jam - 349,38535 kg/jam
= 7,13031 kg/jam
Maka air yang harus diuapkan adalah :
F11H2O =F10impurity - F12impurity
= 38,74966 kg/jam - 7,13031 kg/jam
= 31,61935 kg/jam

Tabel A.6 Neraca Massa Rotary Dryer

Rorary Dryer (RD-01)
Input Output
Komponen
Aliran 10 Aliran 11 Aliran 12
F (kg/jam) F (kg/jam) F (kg/jam)
Na3PO4.12H2O 349,38535 - 349,38535
Na3PO4 3,24346 - 3,24346
Na2HPO4 0,39527 - 0,39527

A 14
NaOH 0,11135 - 0,11135
H2O 34,64368 31,61935 3,02433
Na2CO3 0,04545 - 0,04545
Na2SO4 0,28688 - 0,28688

NaCl 0,02357 - 0,02357

Subtotal 388,13501 31,61935 356,51566
Total 388,13501 388,13501

A 15
Neraca massa sebenarnya :

Kapasitas produksi = 25.000 ton/tahun

1 tahun = 330 hari
1 hari = 24 jam
𝑡𝑜𝑛 1 𝑡𝑎ℎ𝑢𝑛 1 ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑖
Kapasitas produksi = 25.000 𝑥 𝑥
𝑡𝑎ℎ𝑢𝑛 330 ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑖 24 𝑗𝑎𝑚
= 3,1565 ton / jam
= 3156, 5656 kg / jam

Kemurnian Na3PO4.12H2O yang dihasilkan adalah 98%, maka:

Na3PO4.12H2O = 98 % x 3156, 5656 kg/jam
= 3093,4343 kg/jam
= 8,13633 kmol/jam

Basis Perhitungan = 1 kmol umpan Na2HPO4

Produk Na3PO4.12H2O yang dihasilkan dari basis = 0,91895 kmol

Kapasitas produksi sebenarnya

Faktor Pengali (FP) =
Produk yang dihasilkan dari perhitunga n basis
8,13633 kmol/jam
=  8,85394
0,91895 kmol/jam

A 16
Tabel A.7 Neraca Massa Aktual Mixing Tank-01
Tangki Pengencer (MT-01)
Input Output
Komponen
Aliran 1 Aliran 2 Aliran 3
F (kg/jam) F (kg/jam) F (kg/jam)
Na2HPO4 1257,2584 - 1257,2584
H2O 16,0365 1860,2293 1876,2657
Na2SO4 8,9804 - 8,9804
NaCl 0,6415 - 0,6415
Subtotal 1282,9168 1860,2293 3143,1460
Total 3143,1460 3143,1460

Tabel A.8 Neraca Massa Aktual Mixing Tank-02

Tangki Pengencer (MT-02)
Input Output
Komponen
Aliran 4 Aliran 5 Aliran 6
F (kg/jam) F (kg/jam) F (kg/jam)
NaOH 354,1569 - 354,1569
H2O 5,5294 144,5539 150,0833
Na2CO3 1,4458 - 1,4458
Na2SO4 0,1450 - 0,1450
NaCl 0,1090 - 0,1090
Subtotal 361,3848 144,5539 505,9387
Total 505,9387 505,9387

A 17
Tabel A.9 Neraca Massa Aktual Reaktor-01
Reaktor (R-01)
Input Output
Komponen
Aliran 3 Aliran 6 Aliran 7
F (kg/jam) F (kg/jam) F (kg/jam)
Na3PO4 - - 1437,5262
Na2HPO4 1257,2584 - 12,5700
NaOH - 354,1569 3,5409
H2O 1876,2657 150,0833 2184,1260
Na2CO3 - 1,4458 1,4458
Na2SO4 8,9804 0,1450 9,1254

NaCl 0,6415 0,1090 0,7505

Subtotal 3143,1460 505,9387 3649,0848
Total 3649,0848 3649,0848

Tabel A.10 Neraca Massa Aktual Kristalizer-01

Kristalizer (CR-01)
Input Output
Komponen
Aliran 7 Aliran 8
F (kg/jam) F (kg/jam)
Na3PO4.12H2O - 3093,4343
Na3PO4 1437,5262 103,1670
Na2HPO4 12,5700 12,5700
NaOH 3,5409 3,5409
H2O 2184,1260 425,0508
Na2CO3 1,4458 1,4458
Na2SO4 9,1254 9,1254
NaCl 0,7505 0,7505
Total 3649,0848 3649,0848

A 18
Tabel A.11 Neraca Massa Aktual Centrifuge-01
Centrifuge (CF-01)
Input Output
Komponen
Aliran 8 Aliran 9 Aliran 10
F (kg/jam) F (kg/jam) F (kg/jam)
Na3PO4.12H2O 3093,4343 - 3093,4343
Na3PO4 103,1670 74,4489 28,7181
Na2HPO4 12,5700 9,0715 3,4985
NaOH 3,5409 2,5556 0,9853
H2O 425,0508 306,7326 118,3183
Na2CO3 1,4458 1,0430 0,4028
Na2SO4 9,1254 6,5852 2,5402
NaCl 0,7505 0,5414 0,2091
Subtotal 3649,0848 400,9782 3248,1066
Total 3649,0848 3649,0848

Tabel A.12 Neraca Massa Aktual Rotary Dryer-01

Rorary Dryer (RD-01)
Input Output
Komponen
Aliran 10 Aliran 11 Aliran 12
F (kg/jam) F (kg/jam) F (kg/jam)
Na3PO4.12H2O 3093,4343 - 3093,4343
Na3PO4 28,7181 - 28,7181
Na2HPO4 3,4985 - 3,4985
NaOH 0,9853 - 0,9853
H2O 118,3183 91,5412 26,7770
Na2CO3 0,4028 - 0,4028
Na2SO4 2,5402 - 2,5402
NaCl 0,2091 - 0,2091
Total 3248,1066 91,5412 3156,5654

A 19
A 20