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Page 1 of 45 Issued: July 2006 Revised: March 2008 PHOTOAGING APPLICATIONS MANUAL I17002-0
PHOTOAGING TRAINING MANUAL
WARNING:
This detailed applications training manual is intended for general guidance in the use
of the iPulse intense pulsed light device for photoaging treatments and does not
constitute “A protocol produced by an expert medical or dental practitioner” as
required by the Healthcare Commission for registration of an establishment in
England and Wales under the Care Standards Act 2000 and described in the Dept of
Health: National Minimum Standards and Regulations.
NOTICE:
All information contained in this manual is supplied by Cyden Limited written in the
English medium and Cyden Limited will not be responsible in anyway whatsoever for
any alterations, additions, omissions or errors of any nature arising from any
translation and/or any reproduction of all or any part or parts of the information
contained in this manual from English to another language or medium, including any
claim arising for negligence, damage, injury or loss.
Page 2 of 45 Issued: July 2006 Revised: March 2008 PHOTOAGING APPLICATIONS MANUAL I17002-0
PHOTOAGING TRAINING MANUAL
TABLE OF CONTENTS
GENERAL INTRODUCTION
IPL TECHNOLOGY ADVANCES –
CONTRAINDICATIONS
TEST AREAS
POST-TREATMENT CARE
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GENERAL INTRODUCTION
Since the introduction of non-invasive laser and IPL treatments for skin rejuvenation
experience has shown that almost all skin types including European, Indian, East-
Asian and Middle-Eastern, respond at least to some degree to treatment. Demand
has increased dramatically around the world from women and men for skin
rejuvenation with varying cultural influences including traditional factors, fashion,
sport, personal feelings of well being and health requirements.
There are two key limitations to conventional IPL devices, an inability to produce a
“true” long pulse matched to the thermal relaxation time of the target structure and
secondly, fluctuations in the output spectrum which can lead to ineffective treatment
with increased risk of side-effects. An alternative approach to producing long pulse,
constant spectrum optical pulses along is found in the iPulse technology employed
by CyDen.
This novel IPL technology emits a wavelength range of between 530 and 1100nm
and incorporates shorter, more efficient wavelengths for skin rejuvenation without the
need for cut-off filters. This is achieved by having a uniform temporal profile. Figure 1
below shows a representation of the energy output from a traditional IPL and an
improved, true long pulse model. As can be seen, in the traditional IPL, the output
consists of a short, high intensity “spike” that gradually increases from zero to
maximum intensity and decays back to zero. To construct an overall pulse duration in
the order of the thermal relaxation time of the target structure, a series of pulses are
required. In the case of the improved iPulse technology, the pulse shape is uniform,
increasing from zero to maximum intensity almost instantaneously, remaining at
maximum for the entire duration of the pulse then dropping to zero again
instantaneously. The overall duration of the pulse is fully variable up to and beyond
the thermal relaxation time of the target. The ability to produce true long pulses can
reduce the amount of energy required to achieve the necessary temperature profile
within the target and accurately control the thermal profile within the skin.
This recent advance in IPL technology has resulted in a significant reduction of the
cost, making square pulse, constant spectrum IPL more available to the therapist
wishing to practice IPL skin rejuvenation techniques.
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Control over the energy discharge through the Xenon lamp also results in a constant
spectral output across the 530 nm – 1200 nm produced by the new iPulse
technology. Thus no treatment energy is wasted using ‘square pulse’ technology and
the constant distribution of light ensures a comfortable treatment for the client.
[Courtesy of: Ash C, Town G and Bjerring P. Relevance of the structure of time-resolved spectral
output to light-tissue interaction using intense pulsed light (IPL). Lasers in Surg Med 2008; Vol 40:2:
83-92.]
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References:
Clement M, Daniel G & Trelles MA. Optimising the design of a broad-band light source for the
treatment of skin. Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy. 2005; 7: 177-189.
Omi T and Clement M. The Use of a Constant Spectrum, Uniform Temporal Profile Intense Pulsed
Light Source for Long Term Hair Removal. Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy 2006; 8: 138-145.
Town GA, Ash C, Eadie E, Moseley H. Measuring key parameters of intense pulsed light (IPL)
devices: J Cosmetic Laser Therapy 2007; 9:3:148-160.
Ancona D, Stuve R and Trelles MA. A multi-centre trial of the epilation efficacy of a new large spot
size, constant spectrum emission IPL device. Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy 2007; 9:
139-147.
Ash C, Town G and Bjerring P. Relevance of the structure of time-resolved spectral output to light-
tissue interaction using intense pulsed light (IPL). Lasers in Surg Med 2008; Vol 40:2: 83-92.
Vedamurthy M and Town G. Use of Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) in Skin Types IV and V: An Indian
Experience. Australasian Journal of Cosmetic Surgery 2008; Vol 4:1: 64-73
iPulse intense pulsed light is indicated for use in Dermatological and Plastic
Surgery applications and specifically for long term stable, or permanent, hair
reduction. In addition, iPulse is indicated for the treatment of benign cutaneous
vascular lesions and the treatment of benign pigmented lesions. iPulse is
indicated for the treatment of mild to moderate inflammatory Acne Vulgaris.
(Latest FDA updated clearance 10th March 2008)
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TRAINING
Whilst the technology has proved its efficacy in skin rejuvenation through numerous
clinical trials, at present there is little formal training of operators (whether in the
beauty or healthcare sector) so results have often been variable. Therefore, training
is a key factor in achieving successful treatment outcomes.
As a minimum, all operators should receive basic training in light therapy theory and
safe use of laser / IPL devices. No two devices are identical in the way they deliver
light energy so it is vital to obtain user training by the supplier.
(Contact your CyDen distributor for training opportunities)
ACCESSORIES
An IPL treatment room must be fully equipped with all necessary accessories to
ensure successful and efficient treatments. In particular, this will include adequate
provision of skin cooling by use of refrigerated cooling gel packs, skin air-cooling, etc.
For optimal diagnosis before treatment, operators are encouraged to use advanced
skin analysis techniques including detailed evaluation of melanin, erythema (redness)
hydration and lipid levels as well as skin evaluation methods such as skin scanners
and photo records. (See separate treatment room set-up information)
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The light, which isn’t reflected off the skin’s surface (a), scatters beneath the skin’s
surface, (b) is then absorbed in the melanin and blood. The melanin is coagulated by
the absorbed heat energy and in blood vessels the heat absorbed by the blood is
conducted to the delicate vessel walls (vascular endothelium), whose cells are
damaged by the heat causing the vessel to collapse or completely coagulate.
WAVELENGTH
Illustration: Example standardised spectral distribution of a typical xenon lamp IPL (iPulse, Cyden Ltd)
measured in 20 nm bandwidths as a percentage of the total energy beneath the graph curve.
Absorption curves for oxyhaemoglobin (red) melanin (black) and water (blue) have been overlaid to
reference optimal absorption characteristics.
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SPOT SIZE
The larger the spot size, the deeper the
penetration into skin and the less that energy is
lost at the edge of the treatment area. Unlike
traditional IPL devices, the iPulse uses twin flash
lamps to produce a large, rectangular spot size
on skin of 8.9cm2 which ensures that light energy penetrates deeper into tissue to
reach the deeper-lying vessels and pigment.
PULSE DURATION
Generally, the pulse of IPL light used will be longer for larger structures like hair and
telangiectasia (broken capillaries) and shorter for epidermal pigment.
NB. By comparison, choosing long pulses of light for hair removal, the operator will
avoid collateral damage to epidermal melanin as the tiny particles of melanin in the
skin have time to lose absorbed heat during a long pulse (compared with, say, a
much larger hair follicle structure which will hold its heat longer). In skin
rejuvenation, the process of selecting the blood structures to damage with the
correct pulse length is called “selective photothermolysis” and depends upon the fact
that smaller bodies (e.g. epidermal melanin) lose heat faster than larger bodies (e.g.
hair follicle) owing to the relative surface area of melanin particles losing heat faster.
TECHNOLOGY DIFFERENCES
Some traditional IPL suppliers use coloured glass filters in the applicator to reduce
epidermal absorption side effects. By using latest square pulse and constant spectral
output technology multiple applicators may not be required and effective treatments
can be performed more simply with a single, user-changeable flash lamp.
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Darker skin (including active suntan or spray-tan) reduces the amount of possible
energy that can be used before side effects appear. This will vary from person to
person and body area to body area.
The constant spectral output of the iPulse IPL means that the iPulse produces the
lowest possible intensity for a given energy density (fluence) thus minimising
discomfort and other side effects such as redness, pain and skin burns.
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WHAT IS PHOTOAGING?
At the same time as the collagen matrix deteriorates and the skin becomes rough
and wrinkled, pigmentation changes, telangiectasias (thread veins) and sometimes,
actinic keratoses and epidermal malignancies occur.
The treatment of superficial epidermal pigmented lesions is undertaken with the IPL
as the first treatment step. Reduction of pigmented blemishes in the epidermis will
allow deeper penetration of IPL at subsequent treatments using settings for vascular
lesions and collagen stimulation. These treatment settings (typically used 4-6 weeks
apart) will also have a favourable effect on any acne lesions by stimulating the body’s
natural porphyrins, positively treat any infected hair follicles (PFB) and stimulate
collagen neo-genesis. The end result over several months should deliver improved
structural integrity resulting in enhanced skin texture and pore size, better skin
hydration and elasticity and improved skin translucence. Reduction in the
appearance of fine lines and wrinkles in the skin has been reported widely using IPL
devices as part of a comprehensive treatment regime.
When using IPL with Caucasian skin (Fitzpatrick I-IIIa), it probably matters very little
which specific condition is targeted first as broadband light contains wavelengths that
will impact to some degree both pigmented and vascular anomalies in the skin. For
example, Caucasian skin with a high content of fine broken capillaries (0.1 - 0.3 mm
in diameter) can be treated immediately for the vascular anomalies with some
immediate collateral effect on mottled pigmentation.
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GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS
Every client seeking skin rejuvenation treatment must undertake a programme of skin
care recommended by their therapist which will include as a minimum prerequisite,
elimination of active tan through regular use of SPF 30+ sunscreen and routine use
of skin cleansers and hydrating creams and lotions as well as fruit acid peels or other
skin treatments such as microdermabrasion.
Raised benign melanocytic lesions such as naevi, pigmented skin tags, Seborrheic
keratosis, Favre-Racouchot (solar comedones), etc, can only be removed by ablation
or thermal coagulation and NOT using any IPL.
Examples of raised lesions that can’t be treated easily with iPulse or any IPL:
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Sebborheic keratosis: raised lesions removed using an ablative laser Pigmented lesion
Clinical Photography by Courtesy of Dr S. McCoy
The most difficult clients to treat are those with Fitzpatrick skin type I who have a long
history of sun exposure. In these patients, connective tissue is so fragile that IPL
parameters selected e.g. for optimal relief of redness, may damage the skin, with
higher incidence of bruising, swelling and blistering. In such cases, low energy
settings must be used in early treatments until the supporting dermal connective
tissue is strengthened and the redness is reduced. A standard five-treatment program
is usually extended in this patient group. Very dark skin types, particularly Afro-
Caribbean, are also problematic because of high levels of melanin in the epidermis
absorbing light energy in competition with the melanin in the targeted pigmentation or
blood in any broken capillaries.
Darker Asian skin on the other hand, occurs largely in regions of the world with
intense sunlight and features a naturally higher level of epidermal melanin and
treatment has to be modified to take these characteristics into account.
In any event, a patient has to present without any active suntan and be following a
strict routine of using sunscreens and other skin care products professionally
recommended for them for a minimum of two to four weeks before IPL treatment
commences. If the patient isn’t going to adopt good skin care practices, the outcome
of treatment will be compromised and short-lived at best, therefore, an effective
consultation process is of paramount importance.
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Forearm epidermal pigmentation treated with iPulse, before and after a single treatment at one week
and eight weeks. (Clinical photos by courtesy of USA Photonics)
Topical treatments used together with iPulse include: bleaching agents such as
hydroquinone, topical tretinoin and azeleic acid or chemical peels such as TCA,
glycolic acid and Jessner’s solution. Q-switched ruby and Nd:YAG lasers have also
been reported in the literature as achieving moderately good results although with an
increased incidence of post-inflammatory hyper-pigmentation.
Only with proper diagnosis (or a great deal of diagnostic experience and skill) can a
user determine how much superficial epidermal pigment there is in a lesion and how
much is the more difficult dermal pigmentation. The optimal successful endpoint of
IPL pigment treatment is peri-lesional erythema (redness around the treated blemish)
and/or some darkening of the pigmented area within 20 minutes. This is followed by
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further darkening over 24-48 hours and exfoliation of the darkened areas over the
next 7-21 days leaving lightly hypopigmented areas which even-out to normal skin
colour during subsequent weeks. High-factor protective sunscreens, use of a
parasol / sun shade and the wearing of hats and gloves (walking, driving and
gardening) are a must to protect the sensitive ‘new’ skin.
Close-op photography showing before, immediately after and 7 days after iPulse treatment for facial
pigmentation. (Clinical photography courtesy of Dr. Jesus Valdez, Mexico).
PRESSURE TECHNIQUE
The skin surface may be pre-cooled by using clear ultrasound gel (at 4°C from the
refrigerator). The use of cooling gel also assists in keeping the glass transmission
block surface cool.
A number of recently published clinical studies confirm that a pressure technique (i.e.
pressing the glass transmission block firmly on the skin surface through the cooling
gel) when treating epidermal pigmented blemishes will improve treatment results by
compressing capillaries to express blood and thereby removing competitive
absorption of light energy by oxyhaemoglobin and concentrate all the light energy
absorption in the pigment target. (Intense pulsed light source for treatment of small
melanocytic nevi and solar lentigines, Bjerring P, Christiansen K. Journal of
Cutaneous Laser Therapy 2000; 2:177-181 & Q-Switched Ruby Versus Long-Pulsed
Dye Laser Delivered With Compression for Treatment of Facial Lentigines in Asians,
Kono T, Manstein D, Chan HH, Nozaki M and Anderson R. Lasers Surg Med 2006;
38:94-97) The logic of this technique is easily demonstrated by applying thumb-
pressure to the skin for a second and removing it, leaving a ‘blanched’ thumb-print for
a brief period before the peripheral blood supply returns the skin colour to its ‘normal’
mixture of melanin and blood.
Since IPL devices with wavelengths in the 530 - 1200 nm range are often successful
in treating superficial epidermal pigment in Fitzpatrick Skin Types I-IIIa, it is usually
assumed that similar results are not achievable with darker skin phototypes.
However, Types IIIb, IV and V are more problematic as the increased level of
‘naturally occurring’ epidermal melanin competes with the pigmented lesion (typically
seborrheic keratoses, sun and age spots), which may lead to either no improvement
or increased risk of hyper- or even hypo-pigmentation.
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The ‘therapeutic window’ for successful iPulse treatment of darker skin types will, by
definition, always be small and must be established carefully with test areas and
steadily increased fluence to avoid hyper-pigmentation. However, good results in
treating epidermal pigmentation in Indian and East-Asian skin types using iPulse
have been achieved.
MELASMA
One of the commonly presenting cases for IPL and laser treatment amongst darker
skin types is for melasma. It is nine times more common in females than males and
includes dermal hyperpigmentation, epidermal hyperpigmentation and mixed
variants. Typically, melasma presents as light to dark brown symmetrical hyper-
pigmentation of the central face and cheeks but it may also occur just on the bridge
of nose, forehead or upper lip.
Modest improvement in
melasma following iPulse
treatment. Photo courtesy of
Dr. M. Vedamurthy, Chennai,
India.
The precise cause of melasma is unknown. Melasma is often common within the
same family and a change in hormonal status may trigger melasma. It is frequently
associated with pregnancy (also known as chloasma or ‘mask of pregnancy’). Birth
control pills may also cause melasma, however, hormone replacement therapy used
after menopause has not been shown to cause the condition. Melasma is not
associated with any internal diseases or organ malfunction.
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The successful endpoint of iPulse treatment of melasma may not include any
immediate colour change in such deeper-located pigment but only mild to moderate
erythema at the margins of the pigmented lesions. Lightening may then occur over
the succeeding weeks. High-factor protective sunscreens, using a parasole and
wearing of hats or gloves (when driving or gardening) are a must to protect the
sensitive treated skin areas. Multiple treatments (6-8) are usually required.
Improvement in melasma in Indian and Asian skin types using intense pulsed light
has been reported but results can vary from good clearance to only a modest
lightening of the melasma. It is therefore important to record good before and after
photographs as clients often forget their appearance before iPulse treatment.
Moderate improvement in melasma following iPulse treatment. Clinical photography courtesy of Dr. M.
Vedamurthy, Chennai, India.
An example of post-inflammatory
hyperpigmentation with pigment at variable
depths in the epidermis
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All IPL manufacturers have the same problem with pigmentation with a deep dermal
component or where the condition is recurring anyway (eg. Melasma and café au Lait
macules).
Care must be taken to exclude clients with active sun tan (it is a good idea to start
new subjects with a two-week course of sunscreen before iPulse treatment to reduce
risk of side effects on the face) and to test-patch carefully to avoid side effects.
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Whilst less prevalent in darker skin types, the natural colour of all skin includes a
vascular component and it is important when using iPulse skin rejuvenation
technology to recognise that only vascular abnormalities in a certain range respond
to IPL treatment. Very large arborising vessels (greater than 1 mm) cannot be treated
successfully at all by IPL and require either sclerosing or treatment with a deeply
penetrating Nd:YAG laser. Very fine vessels (smaller than 0.1 mm diameter) are
generally not cleared completely by IPL and require the use of a wavelength-specific
laser such as the pulsed dye or KTP laser. Vessel size is notoriously difficult for the
therapist to determine (even with a transparent mm ruler, skin scanner, magnification
or a Woods Lamp) and the haemoglobin target itself is ‘moving’ as the blood flows
along the vessels. The most likely range of vessel sizes for effective treatment with
IPL is 0.1 mm - 0.3 mm.
Good results after one treatment in skin types Fitzpatrick I-III treating diffuse redness
(such as acne rosacae) or telangiectatic matting of fine vessels with iPulse can be
achieved. Small cherry angiomas (Campbell de Morgan spots) may also respond
well to iPulse treatment.
There have been several IPL studies showing efficacy in the treatment of Class I and
II Portwine stain birthmarks.
Typically, higher fluences and multi-pulsing iPulse settings are used to achieve
vessel attenuation whilst allowing the epidermis to cool during inter-pulse delay
times. Significant pre- and post-cooling of the skin is necessary.
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The fine lines found at the periphery of laughter lines may be improved but underlying
muscles determine skin folds and large wrinkles. Frown lines will not respond to IPL
treatment alone.
Illustration: Before and after skin rejuvenation + botulinum toxin-right eye area-female (Clinical photos
courtesy of Dr Jesus. Valdez, Mexico)
Illustration: Before and after 5 iPulse treatments only every 2 weeks, showing shortening of peri-orbital
wrinkles (Clinical photos courtesy of Dr Jesus. Valdez, Mexico).
In any event, increased collagen production in the skin leading to the improvement in
the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles takes weeks and months to develop and
clients must be prepared to see only a subtle improvement at best. Laughter lines
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and frown lines are unlikely to show significant improvement as they are largely due
to the underlying musculature and nose/cheek folds and Marionette lines are only
likely to respond to ablative laser resurfacing techniques or the use of injectable
collagen-based or hyaluronic acid fillers and/or Botox®.
The results of iPulse technology in the treatment of photoaging are most noticeable
in the early improvement of pigmented and vascular dischromia but later emerging
subtle enhancements in skin tone and texture resulting in enhancements of the
appearance of fine lines and wrinkles are an important component in the overall
treatment.
Acne scarring, which becomes more pronounced in the older patient as the face
starts to sag from the effects of gravity and sun damage, will also respond to iPulse
treatment. However, at best the improvement will be modest and acne patients’
expectations must be carefully managed.
ACNE COMPONENT
Illustration: Before and after 4 iPulse treatments only. (Clinical photography courtesy of Dr Maya
Vedamurthy, Chennai, India)
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PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY
Q-band wavelengths (508 nm, 542 nm, 577 nm and 635 nm) alone stimulate natural
body porphyrins (PpIX).
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Illustration: Acne before and 13 months after a single IPL+PDT treatment (Clinical photos
courtesy of Dr D. Fleming, Brisbane)
C. Dierikx reported clinically significant facial acne vulgaris clearance without side effects in a twenty
patient study at 3 and 6 months post-treatment evaluated by pre- and post-treatment blinded
assessors using an IPL device. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine, ASLMS Abstracts 24th Annual
Meeting, March 21st – April 4th 2004.
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R. Rox Anderson et al reported moderate improvement in acne in an eleven patient study with a
moderate decrease in sebum measurements for at least one month post-treatment using a 532nm
laser. Lasers in Medical Science Abstracts, Joint International Laser Conference, 21-23 September
2003, Edinburgh, Scotland. Vol 18, Supplement 1 2003.
B. Zelickson and J. Counters reported on clinically significant acne reduction using an ALA
photosensitizer both with and without illumination from an incoherent light source. Lasers in Surgery
and Medicine, ASLMS Abstracts 24th Annual Meeting, March 21st – April 4th 2004.
Discuss and complete a full client history in private explaining as fully as possible
about the treatment and noting any special circumstances applicable to the client.
Ask the client about each contraindication individually and mark each one with the
client’s reply. If the client answers “yes” to any of the listed contraindications,
document in full on the consent form. Act on the directions listed for that condition.
i.e. ask the client to obtain a doctor’s letter on that medical condition in relation to
light-based therapy.
[See separate Typical Client Consultation Form]
Carefully record reaction to sun exposure (Fitzpatrick Scale), record eye colour and
ethnic origin to confirm skin type. If uncertain, treat as for the next darker skin type.
Consider performing a full skin analysis using appropriate skin evaluation tools
(Wood’s Lamp, skin analysers for hydration, lipid level, erythema and melanin).
Number of Treatments
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Answer any questions the client has regarding treatment and make sure the client
has REALISTIC EXPECTATIONS of the outcome of the treatment.
Ask the client to read, sign and date the General Medical History Questionnaire and
Consent to Treatment Form if he/she has understood its contents. Counter-sign and
date the Consent to Treatment Form and give the client a copy if requested.
If the client is suitable for treatment continue with evaluation of test areas to establish
predicted treatment parameters. A test area must be performed on or as near as
possible to the area to be treated at least 3 to 7 days prior to any course of treatment
(Skin types IV and V should be tested at least 2 weeks prior to treatment).
CONTRAINDICATIONS
Do not treat anyone who has known or reported the following unless a letter from the
Client’s GP is available confirming that the medical condition(s) will not prevent
treatment using intense pulsed light:
tanned skin (active tan) through sun exposure or tanning bed use in the
previous 30 days (because of increased risk of hyper pigmentation)
waxing, plucking, ‘sugaring’ or ‘threading’ depilation treatment of the area in
the previous week (because the skin will be sensitive from these treatments)
moles should not be treated (protect by covering with a white plaster)
hypo pigmentation (e.g. Vitiligo)
any inflammatory skin condition e.g. eczema, active Herpes Simplex, etc. at
the treatment site (because it may aggravate the condition)
skin cancer or any other cancer and / or who reports he/she is undertaking
any cancer drug therapy (such as Ducabaxine, Flurouracil, Methotrexate, etc.)
a history of keloid scarring (because any IPL burn may produce a keloid scar)
epilepsy (because repeated consecutive flashes may induce a fit)
using St. John’s Wort (herbal remedy) in the past 3 months for depression
(owing to photosensitivity)
who has used Isotretinoin – Roaccutane or Tretinoin – Retin A in the previous
3 – 6 months for the treatment of acne or other dermatological conditions
who is pregnant; until periods return and end of breast feeding (because
hormonal imbalance may reduce treatment effectiveness)
who takes drugs for diabetes (owing to possible photosensitivity and poor
wound healing)
taking anti-coagulant drugs (e.g. for heart disease)
wearing a pacemaker unless the IPL or pacemaker manufacturer confirms in
writing that it is safe to treat the client wearing the pacemaker
taking any topical medication (e.g. hydrocortisone) or is wearing perfumes,
deodorants, sun block, essential oils or other skin lotions (which could cause
photosensitivity)
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A doctor’s letter should be obtained before treating clients who are reportedly using
Quinidine, any anti-psychotic medication or large combinations of cardiac / diuretic
drugs, topical steroid creams in the area to be treated, general anaesthesia in the
last 3 months, local anaesthetic treated areas in the past month or where you are
uncertain about any reported medical condition or medication.
Treat with caution and obtain a doctor’s letter if you are uncertain about anyone who
has fake tan, suffers with allergies, has hormone abnormalities, has cold sores in the
treatment area, has had previous skin rejuvenation treatments or has reported HIV or
Hepatitis.
Clients should be instructed in pre-treatment skin care and should be provided with
written take-home instructions recommending:
Don’t expose skin to UV (sun exposure or the use of tanning beds) or self tan
for at least 4 weeks before and/or between IPL treatments,
don’t depilate with waxing, plucking or threading (shaving or depilatory creams
are acceptable) immediately before IPL treatment of the area,
don’t use bleaching creams, or perfumed products (e.g. aromatherapy oils) for
24-48 hrs before treatment sessions,
avoid swimming in strong chlorinated water immediately before an iPulse
treatment session,
avoid exfoliating, microdermabrasion or peels for 1 week before treatment
sessions,
keep the area clean and dry,
hydrate the body by drinking plenty of water and
protect the skin from sun exposure with suitable clothing and use of sun block
SPF 30+ before first treatment and between subsequent treatment sessions
but do NOT use sun blocking creams within 24hrs of scheduled treatments.
Treatment programs will often include a preliminary 2-4 weeks course of fruit-acid
peels or microdermabrasion as well as sun protection, vitamin / moisturising and/or
skin lightening creams depending on the degree of skin damage.
NB. Hot and humid weather conditions can aggravate skin in the period immediately
before treatment.
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1. Exclude all unsuitable subjects due to age, recent surgery, pregnancy / breast-
feeding, pre-existing medical conditions (e.g. skin disorders, cancer, severe
heart disease, etc), contra-indicated drug or homeopathic / herbal therapy,
recent active sun exposure (suntan), unsuitable recent depilation treatments,
[See separate photosensitive drug lists, clinical protocol, etc.)
2. Determine underlying skin type of the client (Fitzpatrick Scale) AND the skin
type in the area to be treated. This can be assessed by use of different
methods including simple evaluation against a chart, questionnaires with a
numerical scale, skin diagnostic devices which measure melanin and skin
redness (skin reflectance spectrometers), etc. [See separate examples] A subject‘s
general Fitzpatrick Skin Type is assessed on a body area not normally
exposed to the sun as well as the subject’s ethnicity and tanning habits. The
area to be treated may appear different from the underlying skin type due to
sun damage, age or specific local skin tone and must be taken into account.
3. IPL manufacturers usually provide a list of treatment program options which
allow the operator to select a suitable skin rejuvenation program according to
Fitzpatrick Skin Type [See your iPulse User Manual]
4. Undertake test areas at several increasing energy density levels until a
suitable starting energy level is determined. [See separate sheet “client preparation”]
5. The starting energy is that which will produce a heat response in the skin
which feels hot or like a prickle to the client but is tolerable. In addition, there
may be some development of redness (erythema) in or around the treated
area within a few minutes. If there is a strong histamine-like reaction with
swelling and general ‘raw’ redness around the area, this is the first sign of
over-treatment.
NB. Thin skin areas over bone (e.g. jaw, décolleté) will not tolerate such high energy
levels as thick or fatty areas. For this reason the available treatment energies in the
programs offered include lower fluence values to accommodate such cases and
other types of treatment.
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This is the FIRST target of skin rejuvenation as epidermal pigment will at least
partially block the penetration of deeper penetrating light energy intended to treat the
vascular component, stimulate collagen production or to tackle acne bacteria in the
deeper lying sebaceous ducts.
Light Skin
Clinical data has shown that for lighter skin types (Fitzpatrick 1 to 3) single pulses of
20 to 25 ms (Program 3 and 4) with energy ranges of 14 to 17 J/cm2 and multiple
pulses (Program 10) with an energy range of 14 to 17 J/cm2 have proven to be
effective to treat mottled pigmentation.
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Dark Skin
The modified and additional values suggested in the above table for darker skin
types is based upon clinical experience on Indian skin types (Fitzpatrick 5 & 6) by Dr.
Maya Vedamurthy in Chennai, India in a study including 138 patients of skin types 5
& 6 treated for hair removal, pigmented lesions and acne.
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After any superficial pigmented dischromia has been treated and removed or
reduced, vascular elements can be more easily reached by deeper penetrating
wavelengths of light. Vascular dischromia and vascular blemishes are common in
lighter skin types (Fitzpatrick 1 – 3) and are much less common in darker skin.
When treating vascular abnormalities with IPL, the skin colour is more important than
the vessel size (which is notoriously difficult to determine anyway). Darker skin can
react to light treatment by hyper- or hypo-pigmenting so it is best treated with a
longer pulse duration [time span] to spread out the energy and make the treatment
safer. This means using a longer pulse or multi-pulsing if available. Multi-pulsing
programs have the added advantage of also having gaps between the pulses
allowing a cooling time for the epidermis. The total amount of energy delivered
should remain pretty much the same.
Light Skin
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Dark Skin
Note: When treating vascular abnormalities with iPulse, the skin colour is more
important than the vessel size (which is notoriously difficult to determine
anyway). Darker skin can react to light treatment by hyper- or hypo-pigmenting
so it is best treated with a longer pulse width [time span] to spread out the
energy and make the treatment safer. This means using a higher number
program in the single shot section or go to multi-pulsing. The multi-pulsing
programs have the added advantage of also having gaps between the pulses
allowing a cooling time for the epidermis. The total amount of energy delivered
remains pretty much the same.
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IPL treatment of acne is intended as an acne management option to allow relief from
continued use of anti-biotics or where Isotretinoin therapy is contra-indicated. The
broadband light produced by iPulse includes light energy at all four peaks of
absorption by protoporphyrin 9 (PpIX) in the so-called “Q-band” of wavelengths. IPL
does not cure acne but assists the production of natural porphyrins to fight the acne
bacteria by producing singlet oxygen which destroys the bacteria in situ.
Unlike blue light acne therapy where wavelengths used only penetrate the uppermost
layers of the skin, the longer wavelengths of iPulse will penetrate to the sebaceous
duct and sebaceous gland where the bacteria propagates.
The treatment of acne is similar for most skin types. The objective is to deliver only
moderate energy over a long pulse (or multiple pulses for very dark skin) to stimulate
protoporphyrin 9 production in the skin.
Usually 5-8 treatments are required at 2-3 week intervals to provide relief from mild to
moderate inflammatory acne.
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TEST AREAS
Test areas are required and are described in detail in the following section in order to
establish the best starting IPL energy level and to reduce the risk of unwanted side
effects from over-treatment.
It is normal for the client to experience at least a sensation of warmth or heat during
each IPL shot or a ‘ping’ like the flick of a rubber band on the skin. It is recommended
that test-areas be evaluated on or near the treatment site using the lowest
recommended fluence for the skin type, increasing the fluence if necessary until the
client feels a ‘ping’, heat or mild discomfort (according to the individual’s pain
tolerance). Assess the immediate response and record the treatment parameters in
the client record. If in any doubt, do not perform a treatment.
When performing the first test area on a new client you have only 1-3 chances to
establish the energy level. For larger areas such as facial areas, décolleté, forearms,
etc, it is easy to establish a test area. However, for small areas such as specific
pigmented blemishes, spider nevi, etc, only one shot can be made. In that case, it
should be the best estimated shot.
On lighter skin (Types I/III), start with one shot at the lowest energy level predicted
by skin type, then one shot 1 J/cm2 above the lowest predicted energy level and
lastly 2 J/cm2 higher than the lowest predicted energy level to evaluate tissue
response.
On darker skin (Types IV/V), start with one shot 0.5 J/cm2 below the lowest energy
level predicted by skin type, then one shot at the lowest predicted energy level and
then one shot 0.5 J/cm2 above the lowest predicted energy level to evaluate tissue
response.
The choice to go higher with the second and third test shots will be based upon a
number of factors including, whether the client experienced the sensation of a ‘ping’
or heat, if the area in question is definitely not tanned and if you have treated the
client previously and have experience with their skin response to treatment on other
body areas.
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The following points should also be observed when performing test areas:
Details of the treatment performed including treatment area, iPulse type, program,
pulse width, fluence and number of shots should be accurately recorded in the
client’s record. The entry should be signed, timed and dated. The iPulse treatment
register (log book) must be completed recording treatment in the same way.
With Skin Types I/III ask the client to return in 3-7 days for final evaluation and
treatment. Skin Types IV/V should wait for 14 days to be sure of no late emerging
side effects.
1. Make sure any required IPL hazard warning notices are in place at entrances.
2. Close window blinds and cover any mirror surfaces to reduce reflection hazard
3. Check fire extinguisher location (suitable for electrical fires).
4. Make sure all Local Rules, Treatment Protocols and client documentation is
available for reference.
5. Check availability of all required supplies: couch roll, razors, gloves, tissues,
refrigerated clear ultrasound gel, wooden spatulas, skin cooling gel packs,
white marker pencils, wipes, post-treatment skin calming lotion (eg aloe vera),
etc.
6. Close the entrance door to prevent unauthorized entry and to protect the
privacy and dignity of the client by suitable means e.g. use towels during
intimate area treatment, eye safety, etc.
7. Check ventilation (extractor fan, air conditioning, etc).
[Contact your Laser Protection Advisor for further assistance on safety issues]
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1. Ensure all patient questionnaires (general medical history) and consent forms
are completed and signed by the client and the operator. Consent Forms
should ideally be signed each time before an IPL treatment. [See separate sheets]
2. Ask client to remove all jewellery, make up, deodorant, etc in the treatment
area.
3. The area should be cleaned with water only; any creams may leave a residue,
which could affect the efficiency of the treatment.
4. Mark the extent of the skin area to be treated with a white eye liner pencil.
5. In the area to be treated, ‘white-out’ small lesions, moles, etc and cover any
sensitive areas (tattoos, lips, etc) with cut-out adhesive white labels or white
card to protect them from absorbing light energy.
6. Give the client and any assistant or observer present in the room suitable
protective safety glasses (e.g. broadband shade 5).
7. Close-fitting reusable metal or disposable adhesive ocular shields should be
placed over the eyes of the client if treating facial areas near to the eyes
where safety glasses would allow light penetration under the rim.
8. Set up the IPL program and predicted energy setting (based on skin type, size
of vessels, location of pigment, etc).
9. Cool the area with a cold pack if required (e.g. sensitive or dark skin).
10. Either dispense sufficient ultrasound gel into a small container or deposit
‘blobs’ of clear ultrasound gel directly onto the skin from the dispenser bottle
and using a clean wooden spatula, spread a layer of gel over the skin
approximately 2 – 3 mm thick. The gel must be kept cold (but not frozen) in a
fridge.
11. Do not ‘overwork’ the gel on the skin, as it will heat up. Do not reuse the gel
(infection risk)
12. The operator must wear suitable safety glasses during IPL treatment (e.g.
broadband shade 3) and “blink” during the flash to limit light entering the
operator’s eyes and thereby improve visibility of the treatment area after the
flash.
Use refrigerated cooling gel packs for sensitive or darker skin types
Mark the skin with gridlines to assist with accurate placement of the contact crystal
Dispense cooled gel and apply with a wooden spatula
Apply a layer of gel 2-3 mm thick
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The light guide will leave a track or mark in the gel, which will help show where you
have treated.
Do NOT press the light guide firmly into the clear ultrasound gel, allow it to contact
the skin only lightly.
The light guide will still leave a ‘footprint’ in the gel
Cover any sensitive areas (tattoos, lips, etc) with cut-out adhesive white labels, white
‘Fibrella’ cloth or a spatula to protect them from absorbing light energy.
BEWARE IF:
1. The skin is treated without gel (more absorption in the epidermis on dry skin
areas).
2. The light guide overlaps a previous treated area (over-treatment risk).
3. The light guide treats skin with hair (may permanently remove hair), over
tattoos or tanned skin (over-treatment risk).
4. The light guide leans to one side (insufficient energy delivered to the target).
5. Part of the light guide is not in contact with the skin (insufficient energy
delivered to the target)
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All areas of the body can be treated except inside the orbit of the eye (e.g.
underneath the eyebrows) or on mucous membranes (e.g. inside nostrils, ears, etc.).
As described in the Introduction, specific vascular and pigmented lesions should be
treated first after diagnosis by a dermatologist.
Facial area
For whole-face rejuvenation, make a line of treatment spots down the face along the
jaw line and add rows above as necessary where skin rejuvenation is needed until all
required cheek areas are covered. Then repeat the process on the forehead and chin
areas. Pay particular attention to the following points:
1. Avoid accidentally treating the scalp hair by using a white hair band.
2. Use a piece of white ‘Fibrella’ cloth, white card or white adhesive label to
shield areas if required.
When treating the upper lip (moustache area), remember that the central area below
the nostrils (nasal alia) is particularly sensitive. Mostly the upper lip area can be
treated with 2-3 shots (depending on spot size).
Following multiple treatments of the upper lip (moustache area) resulting in increased
collagen in the skin tissue, it may be possible to observe an improvement in the lip
line (‘Cupid’s Bow’) with more lip vermilion newly exposed to give a ‘fuller’ look to the
lip.
Treatment of Poikiloderma of Civatte (mostly found on the lateral lower third of the
neck) should be undertaken carefully starting with lower fluences as the neck skin in
this area is particularly delicate.
Remember, fine lines and wrinkles will require multiple treatments and only improve
fully over several months.
Facial treatments should be kept outside the orbital canthus (outer bony rim of the
eye socket).
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Individual small pigmented blemishes may be treated easily using a paper mask
made from a small sheet of white folded paper (or white self-adhesive label) with the
corner cut-off.
Décolleté
The upper chest in female clients (between and above the breasts) can be treated
taking care with energy settings as the chest bone (sternum) is close to the body
surface in this area and may be sensitive. Moreover, the décolleté is often heavily
tanned and sun-damaged and does not heal easily if over-treated. Therefore, treat
with caution, starting with lower fluence levels.
Nipple Pigment
Post-breast feeding, some women (particularly East-Asian skin types) experience
significant darkening of the areola and seek skin lightening treatment. Cases of
successful pigment lightening have been reported using programs and fluences for
type 5 skin. However, care should be taken when treating this sensitive intimate area.
Forearms
The forearms may be covered with mottled pigmentation (freckles) from sun
exposure. Care should be taken to eliminate active tan in advance of iPulse
treatment (particularly with the driving-side arm) through the use of high-factor san
lotion for at least two weeks before treatment commences.
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1. Ensure that the skin area is completely treated (no obvious gaps)
2. Put the iPulse unit into STANDBY
3. Remove safety eye wear
4. Once the area has been treated, remove the ultrasound gel using a spatula
and then tissues
5. Check the area for redness and record in client notes
6. Apply a cooling gel pack to any sensitive areas if required
7. Apply a calming lotion such as Aloe Vera
8. Complete the client treatment notes and record any unusual occurrence
9. Provide post-treatment advice and take-home information sheet
10. Book your client’s next treatment
11. Switch-off the iPulse, clean the crystal treatment guide with a moist tissue or
an isopropyl wipe and prepare the room for the next client.
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Normally, the skin will be no more than temporarily red and feel warm after treatment
which disappears within minutes or a few hours – at the most 24 hours.
Improper use of the iPulse system could result in possible side effects. Although
these effects are rare and expected to be transient, any serious adverse reaction
should be reported to the client’s own doctor. Side effects may be immediate or
appear shortly post treatment (0 – 24 hrs); in rare cases, there may be late emerging
side effects (typically 24 – 72 hrs) and include:
IMMEDIATE
- Excessive pain: Stop treatment, cool the skin and moisturise. Review after
24hrs and re-start treatments at lower fluence. (Most common reasons:
tanned skin, stress, menstruation and tiredness).
POST TREATMENT
LATE EMERGING
NB. Only retreat an area where any problems or responses have healed fully and
always repeat testing.
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POST-TREATMENT CARE
Clients should be instructed in post-treatment skin care and should be provided with
written take-home instructions recommending:
Don’t expose skin to UV (sun exposure or the use of tanning beds) or self tan
for at least 2 weeks,
don’t shave for 48-72 hrs after facial treatment
don’t use bleaching creams, or perfumed products for 24-48 hrs,
don’t pick or scratch the treated area,
avoid rough handling of the area treated,
leave any skin responses alone, these are temporary and will subside,
avoid very hot baths / showers / steam baths / sauna for 1 week,
avoid swimming in strong chlorinated water for 1 week,
avoid exfoliating or peels for 1 week,
avoid rough sports for 24-48 hrs,
avoid wearing tight clothing,
keep the area clean and dry,
hydrate the body by drinking plenty of water and
use of sun block min SPF 30+ and consider using protective cotton gloves for
driving, a hat to protect facial areas.
NB. Hot and humid weather conditions can aggravate skin in the period immediately
following treatment.
If anything goes wrong during treatment such as untoward skin reaction, excessive
pain, client taken ill, etc., treatment should be abandoned IMMEDIATELY. (NB. If
necessary, the iPulse may be switched-off and/or the key removed to prevent any
risk of further emission of IPL energy). Appropriate information should be recorded in
the client notes of extent of the partially completed treatment with details of any
untoward side effects. An ‘Untoward Incident Report’ should be completed.
In all cases of suspected eye over-exposure to the iPulse flash to the operator or a
client, an immediate eye test by an ophthalmic specialist should be arranged through
the doctor or the Accident & Emergency Dept of the nearest hospital.
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RISK ASSESSMENTS
In England and Wales, Risk Assessments must be carried out under the
Management of the Health & Safety at Work Regulations 1999, Regulation 3.
The registered person in England and Wales is required to notify the Healthcare
Commission within 24 hours of any death or serious injury to a patient as a
consequence of treatment, either in the establishment or within seven days of
treatment. Similarly, any allegation of misconduct resulting in actual or potential harm
to a patient by the registered person or any person employed by the registered
person must also be reported to the Healthcare Commission (Regulation 28). Any
such injury following laser or IPL treatment should also be reported to the Laser
protection Adviser.
Appropriate details should be recorded in the client record of treatment and in the
Accident Book.
In England and Wales, adverse incidents involving actual eye damage, serious skin
damage, accidents or ill health at work must be reported under the Reporting of
Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1995 by internet,
telephone, fax or post to:
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This treatment protocol should be adopted in conjunction with CyDen’s User Manual
and the ‘Local Rules’ governing the safe use of the device at the establishment, as
these will contain important information to be followed by the operator in respect of:
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