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3Prep-FirstTerm- Unit 2- Lenses

The Lens：
A transparent medium that refracts the light and is
defined with two spherical surfaces and is usually
made of glass or plastic。

The Types of Lenses：

1- Convex Lens （Converging= Collect）
 2- Concave Lens （Diverging= Disperse）
Convex Lens Concave Lens
Thick at its center Thin at its center
Less thick at its tips More thick at its tips
Its Function is to: Its Function is to:
Converge the light rays Diverge the light rays
falling on it. falling on it.
 Special Concepts of the Lenses：
The Center of Curvature of Lens Face （C）
It is the center of the sphere where this face is a
part of it。
The Optical Center of the Lens（P）：
It is a point inside the lens lies on the principal
axis in the mid distance between its faces。
The Radius of Curvature of the Face of the Lens：
It is half the radius of the sphere where the face
is a part of it。
The Principal axis of the Face of the Lens：
 It is the line between the centers of curvatures
of the lens passing by the optical center of the lens。
First: The Convex Lens
The Focus of the Convex Lens:
A point at which the refracted rays are
collected if the light rays from any distance source
Fall on the lens.

The Rules of to determine the direction of the

light rays after passing through the Lens:
1 The incident light ray Passes through the lens
passing through the without refraction.
optical center of the
lens
2 The incident light ray Exits from the lens
parallel to the passing through the
principal axis focus
3 The Incident light ray Exits from the lens
Passing through the parallel to the principal
Focus
Second: The Concave Lens
 The Focus of the Concave Lens:
A virtual point at which the divergent rays
come out of it, if parallel rays fall on the concave
lens.
The Image Formed by the Concave Lens:
Always Virtual & smaller & erect

The Use of Lenses to treat the Vision Defects：

Short Sighted Long Sighted
A person only sees the A person only sees the
near （Close）objects far objects clearly。
clearly。
The far objects seem The near （Close）
distorted。 objects seem distorted。
The images of the far The images of the near
objects fall in front of （Close）objects fall
retina。 behind of retina。

Elongation in the Shortness of the radius

Eye-ball. of the Eye-ball.

The surface of the The surface of the

Lens is more convex。 Lens is less convex
Focal Length of the eye Focal Length of the eye
lens is small。 lens is large.
The far objects are not The close(near) objects
seen clearly are not seen clearly.
A short –Sighted person A long –Sighted person
needs a medical eye needs a medical eye
glasses with concave glasses with Convex
Lenses. Lenses.

Give a reason for: Answer:

1-A short sighted person Because the images of
Do not see the far these objects do not fall
objects clearly. on the retina of the eye ,
but in front of it.
2-The retina of the eye is Due to elongation in the
far from the eye lens in eye ball.
case of the Short-
sighted.

3-The focal length of the Because the surface of

eye lens is small in case the eye lens is more
of the Short- sighted. convex.

4- The retina of the eye is As a result in the

close to the eye lens in shortness of the eye ball
case of the Long- radius.
sighted.
5- The long-sightedness To collect the rays ,so the
is treated by using images of the close
Convex Lens. (near) objects are
formed on the retina.

The Cases of the formation of the images by

the Convex Lens: